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Appendices to the Imperial Tables , Part IV, Vol XIV, Punjab

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CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII. PART III. APPENDICES TO THE IMPERIAL TABLES BY KHAN AHMAD HASAN KHAN, M.A., K.S.1- SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS. PUNJAB & DELIU. 1£a:hor£ : PRlNTED A'l' TIlE .. UIYIJ, AND MILITARY (1A7.ETTJ~" PRESS. 1933. Price: Rs. 7... 8.. 0 or lIs.. 3d. Agents for the Sale of PUlljab Gover,nment<. Publications. "THE GENERAL MANAGER~ "The Qaumi , R. S. JAURA~ ESQ., B.A., B.T., The Students' Daler" and The Union Press, Amritsar. Popul~r Depot, Anarkali, Lahore. { MESSRS. D. B. TARAPOREWALA, SONS & CO., ,MESSRS. THACKER SPINK & CO., Simla. Bombay. THE MANAGER, The English Book Depot, MESSRS. W. NEWMAN & Co., LTD., Calcutta. T~j.,J:{oad, Agra. 'MESSRS. THACKER SPINK 00., Oalcutta. & THE MANAGING-PAR,TNER, The Bombay MESSRS. RAMA KRISHNA & SONS, Lahore. Book Depot, Booksellers and Publishers, THE SECRETARY, Punjab Religions Book . Girgaon, Bombay. Society, Lahore. '~TnE PROPRIETOR, The Book Company, THE' MANAGER, University Book Agency, Calcutta. Lahore. MESSRS. CHATTERJI & Co., Booksellers, L. RAM LAL SURI, Proprietor, "The 204, Oornwallis Street, Calcutta. Students' Own Agency," Lahore. T~E . M~NAGER, Standard Book Depot, L. DEWAN CHAND, Proprietor,' The Lahore. Mercantile Press, Lahore. THE PROPRIETOR, Aftab Punjab General THE MANAGER, Mufid-i-'Am Press, Lahore. Law Book Agency, Lahore. ., , . ~ ... THE PROPRIETOR, Punjab Law Book Mart, J'HE MANA~~, Oxford Book and Stationery Lahore. Co., The Mall, Lahore. MR. D. PESTONJI, Stockists' Representative, THE PROPRIETDR, City Book Co., Post Box Lahore. No. 283, Madras. "THE MANAGING-PROPRIETOR, The Com­ TH1<J MANAGER, The New Book Depot, mercial Book Company, Lahore. No. 79, The Mall, Simla. TABLE OF CONTENTS. No. of Name of Table. Page. Table. i VI-A 1 Appendix to Imperial Table VI.-Birth-plac~, Age and Occupation \ of Selected Castes of the immigrants to the~ . I ; Part. I.-Lower Chenab Colony 2 " II.--Lower Jhelum Colony 8 " IlL-Upper Bari Doab Colony 14 " IV.-Nili Bar Colony 20 VU-D Appendix to Imperial Table VII.-Age and Sex for Towns 25 VIII-A Appendix to Imperial Table VIII.-Civil Condition by Age and Caste of certain sects- 33 Part L-Vedic Dharm 34 " II.-Brahmo 62 " III.-Dev Dharm 64 XIII-A Appendix to Imperial Table XIII.-Literacy in certain Vernaculars by Religion 69 Part I. - Provincial Summary 70 " IT.-British Territory and detail for Districts and States 70 XIII-B Appendix to Imperial Table XIII.-.Primary passed persons by Religion and Sex 77 Part I.-British Territory 78 " II.-Punjab States 80 XIV-A Appendix to Imperial Table XIV.-Literacy by Castes of certain sects. 81 Part I.-Vedic Dharm 82 • " II.-Brahmo 89 " III.-Dev Dharm 90 XVI-A Appendix to Imperial Table XVI.-Sects of main Religions-, 91 I. Hindu 92 2. Sikh 98 3. Jain 102 4. Muslim 104 • TABLE VI-A, BIRTH-PLACE, AGE AND OCCUPATION OF SELECTED CASTES OF THE IMMIGRANTS TO THE LOWER CHENAB, LOWER JHELUM, UPPER BARI DOAB AND NILI BAR CANAL COLONIES. Being an Appendix to Imperial Table VI, (Birth-place). 1. For the purposes of this Table the castes are the same as those selected for Imperial Table XVII. The four Colonies consist of the following Tahsils :- Lower Chenab. Lower Jhelum. Upper Bari Doab. Nili Bar. I 2 ;~ 4 ----- ----~~-~~~~-- Hafhabad (GUJRANWALAL Sheikhupura . }~HEI.KHU' Montgomery l MONT. Dipalpur ( MONT· Nankana Sahib PURl\, Okara ) GOMER:Y. Pakpattan ~ GOMERY. Shahdara - . Shahpur "1 Lyallpur "1 Bhalwal )-SHAHPUR. Mailsi t TOba Tek Singh ~LYALLPUR. Sargodha J Khanewal (MULTAN). Lodhran ~ MULTAN. J~ranwala J -Samundri Jhang Chiniot J JHANO. As it was not possible to separate immigrants from one part of a district to another, the Table does not show immigrants from the districts which lie partly in the colony concerned. 2. Only those castes are recorded against each district of hirth, which supplied] ,000 or more immigrants to the Lower Chenab Colony, 250 or more to the Lower Jhelum, and 500 or more to the Upper Bari Doab and Nili Bar Colonies, respectively. 3. Detail of eaGh caste by religion has been shown only for religions supplying 100 or more persons in the case of the Lower Chenab and 50 or more for the other three colomes. 4. Only a few occupations have been selected for this Table. Such -occupations as those of Blacksmiths, Oil-pressers, Leather-workers and Scavengers, which are only undertaken by . certain occupational castes, have not been shown as the figures for such castes under" Other" occupation is a sufficient indication of the numbers engaged therein. _ 2 TABLE VI-A.- . CASTE, BIRTH-PLACE, AGE AND OCCUPATION OF IMMIGRANTS BELONGING A('}E. TOTAL -"lUJlBER OF -------.------------ --I 1 ' EARNERS. hrMIGRANTS. 0-15 15-40 40 and over. ) DISTRICT OR STATE OF RELlmmr. BIRTH. ___,.- ___-- I----c --- -- ---.---I·-----I--··~---_ zo ~ ~ ~ uJ ~ 00 1 oj ]1.1 1 lfo. ~ ~ 3 a';.,'; j'1 i .... ,::a p, "" ~ ;:.: p, .~ r"'I ::s I'ot ll 1____ 1 ___ 1._-_:. ______ I 3_______ :"-1--'--) _: __ ~ __ I_ _2_. __8_._~__ _lO_i _____ 1':_ ___ 1_3 __~ _1_4-_-·· Total for Colony •. 313,548 184,991 128,557174,29250,55967,399147,01743,300 80,9811118,018 S,787 1 I AlIBALA TOTAL DIS- 11,644 6,763' 4,S81 1 2,453 1,794 2,580 2,099 1,730 988] 4,646 701 'rRICT. 1 2 JAT ALL RELIGIO:llS 698 2,690 2,008 860 699 1,118 1,022 712' 287 1,924 416 4, 1' 798 313 195 626 398 313 205 949 206 3 Hindu "·1 2,050 1,252 Sikh 2,381 1,319 1,062 4S8 439 458 577' 373 46 9051 200 4 1 Muslim 267 119 148 59 65 34 471 26 36, 70 9 5 I 1 586 491 231 181 203 206 1521 1041 364 11 6 KA.MBOH ."' ALL RELIGIO:NS 1,077 1441 981 345 7 1,016 551 465 215 168 192 199 12 \ Sikh 1 8 HOSBIARPUR TOTAL DIS­ 27,9401 17,7361 10,204 6,847 3,949 6,719 3,693 4,1701 2,562 11,485 716 TRICT. 907 374 2,831 9 ARA.IN Muslim 5.4801 3,832 1,648 1,121 1,804\ 693 244 1 1 1 245 261 131 (i1 414 10 ARORA ALL RELIGIONS 1,275\ 676 300 247 11 255 207 219 241 no1 90 364 9 11 HindU .. j 1,122 584 g~;1 40 26 1 19 21 1 48 2 12 Sikh .. ' 150 90 60 1,946' 370 673) 437 455 597 1,270 6'1 13 ALL RELIGIONS "1 :;,360 1,404\ 8::1' 14 Ad·Dharmi .. 3,185 1,830 1,355 786 367 621 393 423 595 1,185 59 28 1 45 41 30 1 76 8 lu I 146 103 43 1 . Sikh .•.. \. , 1361 763 CHUIIBA ALL RELIGIONS 1,929 },223 'l06 454 278 511 292 91 16 190 17 Hindu 803 419 384 215 154 153 189 25 ~~I:1 i!1 508 54 18 Ad·Dbarmi 874 616 258 no 114 320 88 107 2 29 9 18 3~ 48 8 19 Sikh· 1991 154 45 , I '63.5 63) 502 1,875 JAT ALL RELIGIO:lIS 4,3761 2,792 1,584 1,120 1,038 447 62 20 391 Sikh 1,3291 711 618 321 238 305: 144 85 236 8 21 263 1,459 54 22 2,994[ 2,045 949 782 389 718 297 545 1 I M1l8lim 1 1 411 3'1 JULAHA. ALL RELIGIONS 729 345 303 206!' 201 87 225 1i2 23 1,074\ 1 224 52 410 37 24 Muslim 1,069 726 343 303 :W5 190 : 86 ! 1 1 28,' 270 162 71b 24 25 RAJPUT ALL RELIGIONS ., 020 1,160 870 477,. 421 403 2, 1 1 139 1 Hindu 387 205 182 72 68 53 61 80 53 26 88 4 Sikh 178' 115 63 31 31 73' 23 11 9 27 203 179 100 488 19 28 l'.Illslim },455/ 830 625 374, 322 277 \ I 7,423 4,587 17,546 1,178 29 .LJl:,,, LUNDU " TOTAL DIS· . 47,39?j' 27,147 20,243 9,7851 7,480 9,9391 8,176\ TRICT. 2,3741 },801: ?,299, 1,2751 1,099 3,305 136 SO Muslim 12,014 6,242 5,772 3,1661 1 ! I 198' 448 34 ALL RELIGIONS •• 1.330 696 634 2831 235 2511 201 1621 31 137' 277 30 Hindu 883 453 430 192' 162 163! 131 32 70 61 171 4 33 Sikh 447 243 204 91 73 881 ~~I 1 1,318 1,147 562 2,857 is'l ALL RELIGIONS 6,212 3,567\ 2,645 748 766 1,6'72 34 760 I,63g 1,310 1,133 548 2,S07 133 35 Ad Dharmi 6,122 1 3,504 2,618 732 463 1,192 28~ ClruHRA ALL R ELIGIOl'S •• i 3,0661 622 1,444' 4721 382 763! 599 397 36 1 105 337 66 Hindll 946 1,493 1 453 1M( 2:34 247 105 37 1 1011· 223, 325 627 188 Ad·DbaL'UJi 1,1l67. 841 826 2121 209 4061 2!1, 38 991 218 27 Sikh 415 266 149 101! 62 991 58 66! ~ ! 39 I , 1 1 014 3,970 198 .• ALL J{,ELIQIONS 9,3.58 5,263 4,095 1,501 1,527i 1,580; 2,400 40 1,331\ 1,7901 Sikh 6,864 3,7l61 3,148 683 1,012 1,080, 1,346 1,953 41 426 '218 440 215 3,~~ ,~ 42 Muslim 2,422 1,503\ 919 637 486 ,I 1 378 344 1,219 14 43 KAMBOR ALL RELIGIONS 3,0141 049 965 658 343\ 1,047, 244\ 2, 1 357 335 1 222 44 Sikh 2,856 1,963 893 615 314 I,OI3! 1,165\ 11 72 43 1 29 .341 21 9 221 54 3 45 Muslim 158 86 1 I i 1 193 1981 79 376 10 KUMRAR ALL RELIGIONS 1.304 470 276 198 360i 46 1 1 65 3331 .
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    The Sikh Dilemma: The Partition of Punjab 1947 Busharat Elahi Jamil Abstract The Partition of India 1947 resulted in the Partition of the Punjab into two, East and West. The 3rd June Plan gave a sense of uneasiness and generated the division of dilemma among the large communities of the British Punjab like Muslims, Hindus and Sikh besetting a holocaust. This situation was beneficial for the British and the Congress. The Sikh community with the support of Congress wanted the proportion of the Punjab according to their own violation by using different modules of deeds. On the other hand, for Muslims the largest populous group of the Punjab, by using the platform of Muslim League showed the resentment because they wanted the decision on the Punjab according to their requirements. Consequently the conflict caused the world’s bloodiest partition and the largest migration of the history. Introduction The Sikhs were the third largest community of the United Punjab before India’s partition. The Sikhs had the historic religious, economic and socio-political roots in the Punjab. Since the annexation of the Punjab, they were faithful with the British rulers and had an influence in the Punjabi society, even enjoying various privileges. But in the 20th century, the Muslims 90 Pakistan Vision Vol. 17 No. 1 Independence Movement in India was not only going to divide the Punjab but also causing the division of the Sikh community between East and West Punjab, which confused the Sikh leadership. So according to the political scenarios in different timings, Sikh leadership changed their demands and started to present different solutions of the Sikh enigma for the geographical transformation of the province.
  • Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India

    Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India

    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CASTE, KINSHIP AND SEX RATIOS IN INDIA Tanika Chakraborty Sukkoo Kim Working Paper 13828 http://www.nber.org/papers/w13828 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2008 We thank Bob Pollak, Karen Norberg, David Rudner and seminar participants at the Work, Family and Public Policy workshop at Washington University for helpful comments and discussions. We also thank Lauren Matsunaga and Michael Scarpati for research assistance and Cassie Adcock and the staff of the South Asia Library at the University of Chicago for their generous assistance in data collection. We are also grateful to the Weidenbaum Center and Washington University (Faculty Research Grant) for research support. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2008 by Tanika Chakraborty and Sukkoo Kim. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India Tanika Chakraborty and Sukkoo Kim NBER Working Paper No. 13828 March 2008 JEL No. J12,N35,O17 ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between kinship institutions and sex ratios in India at the turn of the twentieth century. Since kinship rules varied by caste, language, religion and region, we construct sex-ratios by these categories at the district-level using data from the 1901 Census of India for Punjab (North), Bengal (East) and Madras (South).
  • Changing Caste Relations and Emerging Contestations in Punjab

    Changing Caste Relations and Emerging Contestations in Punjab

    CHANGING CASTE RELATIONS AND EMERGING CONTESTATIONS IN PUNJAB PARAMJIT S. JUDGE When scholars and political leaders characterised Indian society as unity in diversity, there were simultaneous efforts in imagining India as a civilisational unity also. The consequences of this ‘imagination’ are before us in the form of the emergence of religious nationalism that ultimately culminated into the partition of the country. Why have I started my discussion with the issue of religious nationalism and partition? The reason is simple. Once we assume that a society like India could be characterised in terms of one caste hierarchical system, we are essentially constructing the discourse of dominant Hindu civilisational unity. Unlike class and gender hierarchies which are exist on economic and sexual bases respectively, all castes cannot be aggregated and arranged in hierarchy along one axis. Any attempt at doing so would amount to the construction of India as essentially the Hindu India. Added to this issue is the second dimension of hierarchy, which could be seen by separating Varna from caste. Srinivas (1977) points out that Varna is fixed, whereas caste is dynamic. Numerous castes comprise each Varna, the exception to which is the Brahmin caste whose caste differences remain within the caste and are unknown to others. We hardly know how to distinguish among different castes of Brahmins, because there is complete absence of knowledge about various castes among them. On the other hand, there is detailed information available about all the scheduled castes and backward classes. In other words, knowledge about castes and their place in the stratification system is pre- determined by the enumerating agency.