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Thailand Stocktaking Report on Sustainable Transport and Climate Change

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Thailand Stocktaking Report on Sustainable Transport and Climate Change ASEAN German Technical Cooperation | Transport and Climate Change project Thailand Stocktaking Report on Sustainable Transport and Climate Change Data, Policy and Monitoring i Thailand Stocktaking Report on Sustainable Transport and Climate Change «Thailand Stocktaking Report» Acknowledgement The Transport and Climate Change project (TCC) would like to express our appreciation to those who have contributed invaluable supports and inputs to the Thailand stocktaking report. First of all, best gratitude to Dr. Sorawit Narupiti, and Dr. Atit Tippichai, national experts who have provided an in-depth knowledge and information on transport data and policy as well as analysis of the knowledge and the current status of land transport issue in Thailand. Secondly, we would like to thank the Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning (OTP), Dr. Rudolf M. Petersen, Dr. Axel Friedrich and Sudhir Gota, for their review and suggestions. Furthermore, we appreciate the kind cooperation on information sharing and updating of the current work from various sectors whether governmental organisations, inter-governmental organisations, international donors, public enterprises, privates or academia. Last but not least, we would like to express our thankfulness to the generosity of our host organisation, the Office of Natural Resource and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), for hosting and supporting the TCC project. ii Authors: Dr. Sorawit Narupiti Dr. Atit Tippichai Papondhanai Nanthachatchavankul Mattawan Sutjaritthanarak Stefan Bakker Contact: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Lake Rajada Office Complex (16th floor) New Ratchadapisek Road, Klongtoey, 10110 Bangkok Thailand www.TransportAndClimateChange.org Manager: Stefan Bakker Editing: Piya Kerdlap Cover photo: Mattawan Sutjaritthanarak Further Info: Stefan Bakker Bangkok, September 2014 iii Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. TRANSPORT AND CLIMATE DATA .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 GHG EMISSIONS FROM THE TRANSPORT SECTOR ................................................................................................ 4 2.2 TRANSPORT ACTIVITY ............................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 MODAL SPLIT ............................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.4 ENERGY INTENSITY .................................................................................................................................................. 11 2.5 FUEL EMISSION FACTORS ........................................................................................................................................ 12 2.6 TRANSPORT SYSTEM INDICATORS ......................................................................................................................... 14 3. POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 18 3.1 CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................... 18 3.2 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 EXISTING POLICIES ................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.4 FINANCIAL STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................................................... 25 3.5 MONITORING ............................................................................................................................................................. 25 3.6 SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 29 4. SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT BARRIERS .............................................................................................................. 30 5. STAKEHOLDERS ............................................................................................................................................................ 31 5.1 KEY ORGANISATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 31 5.2 DONORS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31 6. NEED FOR ACTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 35 Annex I: CO2 tax for vehicles ........................................................................................................................................... 43 Annex II: ASIF methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 44 Annex III: Climate change data ...................................................................................................................................... 46 Annex IV: Transport activities data ............................................................................................................................. 45 Annex V: Energy data in the transport sector ......................................................................................................... 56 Annex VI: Logistic data ..................................................................................................................................................... 61 Annex VII: Fuel economy standards ............................................................................................................................ 62 Annex VIII: Transport and climate change policy making ................................................................................. 64 Annex IX: Overview of relevant existing transport policies and measures ................................................ 66 Annex X: Stakeholders ...................................................................................................................................................... 82 Annex XI Donor mapping ................................................................................................................................................. 86 iv TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 2.1, Source of GHG emissions from transport sector ............................................................................... 5 Figure 2.2, Ton- kilometre of freight transport in Thailand during 2004 – 2010 ..................................... 6 Figure 2.3, Trend of number of motorcycles and passenger cars in the last 20 years ............................ 9 Figure 2.4, Share of freight sector by mode ............................................................................................................. 10 Figure 2.5, Shares of vehicular fuel consumption by fuel type in 2008 ....................................................... 13 Figure 2.6, Historical fuel price in Thailand during 1997 to 2011 ................................................................. 15 Figure 2.7, Historical data of fuel consumption from transport sector during 1982-2012................. 16 Figure 2.8, Share of logistic cost in Thailand 2009 ............................................................................................... 16 Figure 2.9, Fuel split by number of vehicle of all vehicles in Thailand in 2013 ........................................ 16 Figure 3.1, Overview of responsibilities for transport policymaking ........................................................... 19 Figure 3.2, Ttransport and climate change related strategies ......................................................................... 21 Figure 3.3, GHG emissions baseline and scenarios of transport sector ....................................................... 29 Figure II-1, Factors under the ASIF component ..................................................................................................... 44 Figure II-2, Flowchart to estimate emission from road transport ................................................................. 45 Figure III-1, Thailand GHG emissions by sectors in 2000 .................................................................................. 46 Figure III-2, Share of GHG emissions from transport sector by modes ....................................................... 46 Figure IV-1, Trend of passenger-kilometre travelled on highways .............................................................
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