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Development of a National Urban Mobility Programme for Thailand an Inventory and Assessment of National Urban Mobility in Thailand

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Development of a National Urban Mobility Programme for Thailand an Inventory and Assessment of National Urban Mobility in Thailand TRANSfer Project | Towards climate-friendly transport technologies and measures Development of a National Urban Mobility Programme for Thailand An Inventory and Assessment of National Urban Mobility in Thailand Final Report February 2019 Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Registered offices Bonn and Eschborn, Germany T +49 228 44 60-0 (Bonn) T +49 61 96 79-0 (Eschborn) Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 40 53113 Bonn, Germany T +49 228 44 60-0 F +49 228 44 60-17 66 Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg 1-5 65760 Eschborn, Germany T +49 61 96 79-0 F +49 61 96 79-11 15 E [email protected] I www.giz.de I www.transferproject.org Author/Responsible/Editor etc.: Nic Greaves, Dr Kunchit Phiu Nual, Napon Srisaka Maps The geographical maps are for informational purposes only and do not constitute recognition of international boundaries or regions; GIZ makes no claims concerning the validity, accuracy or completeness of the maps nor assumes any liability resulting from the use of the information therein. Printed and distributed by: GIZ TRANSfer, Bangkok, Thailand Bangkok 2019 Background Information on the TRANSfer Project The TRANSfer project is run by GIZ and funded by the International Climate Initiative (IKI)of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety (BMU). Its objective is to support developing countries to develop and implement climate change mitigation strategies in the transport sector as “Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions” (NAMAs). The project follows a multi-level approach: • At country level, TRANSfer supports selected partner countries in developing and implementing NAMAs in the transport sector. The NAMAs supported by the project cover a broad variety of approaches in the partner countries Indonesia, South Africa, Peru and Colombia. • At international level and closely linked to the UNFCCC process, the project helps accelerate the learning process on transport NAMAs with a comprehensive set of measures (events, trainings, facilitation of expert groups, documents with guidance and lessons learned such as the transport NAMA handbook and a database, which is an interactive wiki-based portal that provides access to transport NAMAs). Activities at country and international level are closely linked and designed in a mutually beneficial way. While specific country experience is brought to the international stage (bottom-up) to facilitate appropriate consideration of transport sector specifics in the climate change regime, recent developments in the climate change discussions are fed into the work in the partner countries (top-down). For more information see: http://www.transferproject.org Development of a National Urban Mobility Programme for Thailand An Inventory and Assessment of National Urban Mobility in Thailand This report is the final deliverable towards the development of a National Urban Mobility Programme in Thailand. It provides an inventory of urban mobility systems in Thailand and an inventory of national and urban mobility planning. This report acts a repository of data and information that sets out the existing national urban mobility situation. This report then presents a diagnostic assessment of urban mobility and how it is planned to identify an urban mobility programme that should overcome many of the urban mobility issues faced in Thailand today. DISCLAIMER The analysis, results and recommendations in this paper represent the opinion of the author(s) and are not necessarily representative of the position of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH or BMU. Partial or total reproduction of this document is authorised for non-profit purposes, provided the source is acknowledged Contents List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................... ii Executive Summary ............................................................................................... v 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Aims and Objectives .................................................................................. 2 1.3 Approach ................................................................................................... 3 2 Urban Mobility Indicators ................................................................................ 5 2.1 Socio-Economic and Demographic Metrics ................................................ 5 2.2 Transport in Thailand ............................................................................... 10 2.3 Transport impacts .................................................................................... 23 3 National and Urban Mobility Planning .......................................................... 28 3.1 Urban mobility plans – from past to present ............................................. 28 3.2 Transport governance .............................................................................. 37 3.3 Funding and Financing Transport............................................................. 55 3.4 Economics of public transport .................................................................. 64 4 Review of Inventory and Diagnostic Analysis of Status Quo ..................... 76 4.1 Governance ............................................................................................. 76 4.2 Budgeting and Funding ............................................................................ 83 4.3 Capacity Development ............................................................................. 87 4.4 Technology .............................................................................................. 89 5 Development of a National Urban Mobility Programme .............................. 93 5.1 NUMP Structure ....................................................................................... 93 5.2 NUMP – The Thailand Clean Mobility Programme ................................... 94 6 Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................... 95 Appendix A – Thailand Clean Mobility Programme ..................................... 96 i List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank AFD Agence Française de Développement ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations BATS Bangkok Area Transportation Study BAU Business as usual BB Bureau of Budget B.E. Buddhist Era BEM Bangkok Expressway and Metro Public Company Limited BMA Bangkok Metropolitan Administration BMR Bangkok Metropolitan Region BMT Bangkok Mass Transit Masterplan BMTA Bangkok Mass Transit Authority BRT Bus rapid transit BTS Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited CLTC Central Land Transport Committee CNG Compressed natural gas CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide CSEZ Committee on Special Economic Development Zones CTO Common Ticketing Office DLT Department of Land Transport DoH Department of Highways DPA Department for Public Administration DPT Department of Public Works and Town and Country Planning DRR Department for Rural Roads ENCON Fund Energy Conservation Promotion Fund EEC Eastern Economic Corridor EXAT Expressway Authority of Thailand GCF Green Climate Fund GDP Gross domestic product GHG Greenhouse gases GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH GNI Gross National Income ii GPP Gross Private Product LCV Light commercial vehicles LTC Land Transport Committee HFT Heavy freight vehicles HOV High-occupancy vehicle HSR High Speed Railway JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LPG Light petroleum gas LRT Light rapid transit MC Motorcycle MFT Medium freight vehicles MYC Mobilise Your City M-Map Mass Rapid Transit Masterplan for Bangkok Metropolitan Area MoF Ministry of Finance MoI Ministry of Interior MoT Ministry of Transport MRTA Mass Rapid Transit Authority MRV Measurement recording and verification MTMP Mass Rapid Transit Systems Masterplan NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions NDA National Designated Authority NDC Nationally determined contributions NESDB National Economic and Social Development Board NESDP National Economic and Social Development Plan NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NUMP National Urban Mobility Programme O3 Ozone OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OTP Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning PAO Provincial Administrative Organisation PC Private car PCD Pollution Control Department PDMO Public Debt Management Office PPP Public Private Partnership PT Public transport SO2 Sulphur Dioxide iii SRT State Railways of Thailand SRTO Single Rail Transfer Operator SUMP Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats TC Transport Company TDM Travel demand management THB Thai Baht TISI Thai Industrial Standards Institute TOD Transit oriented development TFF Thailand Future Fund UN United Nations URMAP Urban Rail Transport Masterplan VAT Value added tax VKM Vehicle kilometres travelled WHO World Health Organisation iv Executive Summary This report provides an inventory of urban mobility systems in Thailand and an inventory of national and urban mobility planning. The report then presents a diagnostic assessment of urban mobility and how it is planned to identify an urban mobility programme that should overcome many of the urban mobility issues faced in Thailand today. The aim of this is to provide
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