DOCSLIB.ORG

This Is a Digital Copy of a Book That Was Preserved for Generations On

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This Is a Digital Copy of a Book That Was Preserved for Generations On This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http://books.google.com/ 1 THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY EDITED BY :.CAPP9, Ph.D., I-L.D. T. E. PAGE, LlTT.D. W. II. I>. KOTSE. Litt.I). MARTIAL EPIGRAMS I MARTIALis*™ EPIGRAMS WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY WALTER C. A. KER, M.A. SOMKTIMB SCHOLAR OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE OK THE INNER TRMPLK, BAR R1STER-AT-LA W IN TWO VOLUMES I LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN NEW YORK : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MCMXIX CONTENTS PAOI INTROdUCTION v" BIBLIOGRAPHY xl!t OS THE SPECTACLES * BOOK I -l BOOK II ™R BOOK III BOOK IV BOOK V 293 BOOK VI 357 BOOK VII 421 V INTRODUCTION An epigram, as its etymology denotes, was originally merely an inscription, such as is put on a statue or a monument, a temple, or a triumphal arch.1 But in process of time it came to mean a short poem dealing with some person, thing, or incident which the writer thinks worthy of observation and record, and by which he seeks to attract attention in the same way as a passer-by would be attracted by an inscription on a physical object. " It must have," says Professor Mackail, "the compression and conciseness of a real inscription, and in proportion to the smallness of its bulk must be highly finished, evenly balanced, simple, lucid." The comment of the writer on the subject-matter of the epigram is called the point, and this is generally satirical — " Dost thou think," says Benedick,2 " I care for a satire or an epigram ?" — but it is not necessarily so : it may even be pathetic. Martial has several poems3 which by reason of their length are not strictly epigrams within the definition. 1 Even as a brand on the forehead of a runaway slave (fug) : Petr. eiii. 2 Shak. Much Ado, v. iv. 103. 3 e.g. m. lviii. ; x. xxx, vii INTRODUCTION But these are of the nature of epigrams, being written in order to lead up to the point at the end. Marcus Valerius Martialis, the greatest of epigram matists, and the father of the epigram as we understand it, was born at Bilbilis, or Augusta 1 Bilbilis, in Hispania Tarraconensis. The town stood on a rocky height surrounded by the rushing Salo, a confluent of the Ebro, and was a municipium celebrated for the manufacture of iron, to which the cold waters of the Salo gave a peculiar temper. It also produced gold.2 The year of the poet's birth cannot be fixed with certainty, but it was one of the years a.d. 38 to 41. It has been inferred from one of his epigrams 3 that his parents were named Fronto and Flaccilla. Though they. were probably not rich, they gave the future poet a good education, a fact he afterwards acknowledges 4 some what bitterly, having regard to its uselessness in that corrupt age as a means of making money. About a.d. 63 or 64 he came to Rome in the last days of Nero, and attached himself to his countrymen Quintilian, Lucan the poet, and the Senecas, who introduced him to the Pisos. The ruin and death of Seneca the philosopher and of Lucan, for partici pation in the abortive conspiracy of L. Calpurnius 1 cf. x. ciii. 1. 2 xii. xviii. 9. 3 v. xxxiv. ]. 4 In ix. Ixxiii. 7. viii INTRODUCTION Piso in a.d. 65 threw Martial on his own resources. Quintilian seems to have advised him to take up a profession,1 perhaps the bar, but Martial preferred, as he says, to make the most of life while he could, a note which he strikes consistently throughout his writings. Of his life up to a.d. 84 or 85, the date of the publication of Book I. of his epigrams, we know nothing. In a.d. 80, however, the collection known as the Liber Spectaculorum was published to cele brate the opening of the Colosseum by Titus. On the strength of this book, and the Xenia and Apophoreta (Books XIII. and XIV.) which were issued in a.d. 84 or 85, or of other writings that have not come down to us, Martial by a.d. 85 enjoyed an assured position as a poet, as he himself says,'- " known all over the world," and equally widely plagiarised. At Rome he remained continuously for thirty-five years, and here all his books were published except Book III., which was issued from Gallia Cisalpina, whither he had gone in a fit of spleen at the poor rewards of literature.3 In Book I. he speaks of him self 4 as living in a garret up three high flights of 1 cf. II. xc. 2 cf. I. i. 2. 3 cf. in. iv. 8. ' cf. I. cxvii. 7. INTRODUCTION stairs. Later on, by a.d. 94, he had a house of his own in the same quarter, the Quirinal, and a country villa at Nomentum,1 which according to his own account was a poor place. Whether these houses were purchased or given to him is unknown. During his thirty-five years' sojourn he led the ordinary life of the needy client dependent on rich patrons, and he never ceases to complain of the weariness of levees to be attended, complimentary duties to be discharged at unreasonable hours and in all weathers, and of the insolence and stinginess of wealthy men. Yet he was not without compensations. Domitian rejected his petition for a sum of money, but he received from Titus the jus trium liberorum, a right confirmed by Domitian, and the tribunatus semestris, a kind of honorary tribuneship carrying with it the title of a knight.2 Moreover, he mixed in the best society in the capital, numbering among his friends Quintilian, the poets Silius and Valerius Flaccus, the younger Pliny, and Juvenal. That Martial was capable of a very sincere and lasting friendship is shown by many of his epigrams. It is curious that he never mentions Statius, nor is he mentioned by him. At the end of his thirty-five years' residence in 1 cf. ix. xviii. 2. ^ cf. III. xcv. 9, 10 ; ix. xcvii. 5. INTRODUCTION Rome, either as recognizing the fact that the new regime under Nerva or Trajan was not favourable to adulation of emperors, or from that general weariness of City life of which he complains, and a longing to see again the patrii amnes and the saturae sordida rura casae of his native Rilbilis on the rough hill-side, he returned in a.d. 100 to Spain. The means of travel were supplied by Pliny, as Pliny tells us,1 from friendliness towards -X the poet, and in recompense for the complimentary verses 2 Martial had written upon him.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HCS — History of Classical Scholarship
    ISSN: 2632-4091 History of Classical Scholarship www.hcsjournal.org ISSUE 1 (2019) Dedication page for the Historiae by Herodotus, printed at Venice, 1494 The publication of this journal has been co-funded by the Department of Humanities of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice and the School of History, Classics and Archaeology of Newcastle University Editors Lorenzo CALVELLI Federico SANTANGELO (Venezia) (Newcastle) Editorial Board Luciano CANFORA Marc MAYER (Bari) (Barcelona) Jo-Marie CLAASSEN Laura MECELLA (Stellenbosch) (Milano) Massimiliano DI FAZIO Leandro POLVERINI (Pavia) (Roma) Patricia FORTINI BROWN Stefan REBENICH (Princeton) (Bern) Helena GIMENO PASCUAL Ronald RIDLEY (Alcalá de Henares) (Melbourne) Anthony GRAFTON Michael SQUIRE (Princeton) (London) Judith P. HALLETT William STENHOUSE (College Park, Maryland) (New York) Katherine HARLOE Christopher STRAY (Reading) (Swansea) Jill KRAYE Daniela SUMMA (London) (Berlin) Arnaldo MARCONE Ginette VAGENHEIM (Roma) (Rouen) Copy-editing & Design Thilo RISING (Newcastle) History of Classical Scholarship Issue () TABLE OF CONTENTS LORENZO CALVELLI, FEDERICO SANTANGELO A New Journal: Contents, Methods, Perspectives i–iv GERARD GONZÁLEZ GERMAIN Conrad Peutinger, Reader of Inscriptions: A Note on the Rediscovery of His Copy of the Epigrammata Antiquae Urbis (Rome, ) – GINETTE VAGENHEIM L’épitaphe comme exemplum virtutis dans les macrobies des Antichi eroi et huomini illustri de Pirro Ligorio ( c.–) – MASSIMILIANO DI FAZIO Gli Etruschi nella cultura popolare italiana del XIX secolo. Le indagini di Charles G. Leland – JUDITH P. HALLETT The Legacy of the Drunken Duchess: Grace Harriet Macurdy, Barbara McManus and Classics at Vassar College, – – LUCIANO CANFORA La lettera di Catilina: Norden, Marchesi, Syme – CHRISTOPHER STRAY The Glory and the Grandeur: John Clarke Stobart and the Defence of High Culture in a Democratic Age – ILSE HILBOLD Jules Marouzeau and L’Année philologique: The Genesis of a Reform in Classical Bibliography – BEN CARTLIDGE E.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Saevae Memorem Iunonis Ob Iram Juno, Veii, and Augustus
    Acta Ant. Hung. 55, 2015, 167–178 DOI: 10.1556/068.2015.55.1–4.12 PATRICIA A. JOHNSTON SAEVAE MEMOREM IUNONIS OB IRAM JUNO, VEII, AND AUGUSTUS Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram. Aen. I 1–4 Summary: A driving force in Vergil’s Aeneid is the hostility of Juno to the Trojans as they approach, and finally arrive in Italy. The epic in some ways mirrors the opposition encountered by Augustus as the new ruler of Rome. Juno’s opposition to the Trojans has its origin not only in Greek mythology, but in the his- tory of the local peoples of Italy with whom early Romans had to contend. From the outset of the poem she becomes the personification of these opposing forces. Once the Trojans finally reach mainland Italy, she sets in motion a long war, although the one depicted in the Aeneid was not as long as the real wars Ro- mans waged with the Latin League and with the many of the tribes of Italy, including the Veii. The reality of the wars Rome had to contend with are here compared to the relatively brief one depicted in the Aeneid, and the pacification of Juno reflects the merging of the different peoples of Rome with their subjugator. Key words: Juno, saeva, MARS acrostic, Etruscan Uni, evocatio, Veii, Fidenae, Aventinus, Gabii, Prae- neste, Tibur, Tanit, Saturnia, Apollo, Cumae and Hera, asylum, Athena, Aeneas, Anchises’ prophecy An important part of Augustan Myth is found in Vergil’s depiction of Juno, who is named in the opening lines of the epic and is a persistent presence throughout the poem.
    [Show full text]
  • Virgil, Aeneid 11 (Pallas & Camilla) 1–224, 498–521, 532–96, 648–89, 725–835 G
    Virgil, Aeneid 11 (Pallas & Camilla) 1–224, 498–521, 532–96, 648–89, 725–835 G Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary ILDENHARD INGO GILDENHARD AND JOHN HENDERSON A dead boy (Pallas) and the death of a girl (Camilla) loom over the opening and the closing part of the eleventh book of the Aeneid. Following the savage slaughter in Aeneid 10, the AND book opens in a mournful mood as the warring parti es revisit yesterday’s killing fi elds to att end to their dead. One casualty in parti cular commands att enti on: Aeneas’ protégé H Pallas, killed and despoiled by Turnus in the previous book. His death plunges his father ENDERSON Evander and his surrogate father Aeneas into heart-rending despair – and helps set up the foundati onal act of sacrifi cial brutality that caps the poem, when Aeneas seeks to avenge Pallas by slaying Turnus in wrathful fury. Turnus’ departure from the living is prefi gured by that of his ally Camilla, a maiden schooled in the marti al arts, who sets the mold for warrior princesses such as Xena and Wonder Woman. In the fi nal third of Aeneid 11, she wreaks havoc not just on the batt lefi eld but on gender stereotypes and the conventi ons of the epic genre, before she too succumbs to a premature death. In the porti ons of the book selected for discussion here, Virgil off ers some of his most emoti ve (and disturbing) meditati ons on the tragic nature of human existence – but also knows how to lighten the mood with a bit of drag.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Commentary Notes
    Virgil Aeneid X Further Commentary Notes Servius, the author of a fourth-century CE commentary on Virgil is mentioned several times. Servius based his notes extensively on the lost commentary composed earlier in the century by Aelius Donatus. A version of Servius, amplified by material apparently taken straight from Donatus, was compiled later, probably in the seventh or eighth century. It was published in 1600 by Pierre Daniel and is variously referred to as Servius Auctus, Servius Danielis, or DServius. Cross-reference may be made to language notes – these are in the printed book. An asterisk against a word means that it is a term explained in ‘Introduction, Style’ in the printed book. A tilde means that the term is explained in ‘Introduction, Metre’ in the printed book. 215 – 6 In epic, descriptions of the time of day, particularly dawn, call forth sometimes surprising poetic flights. In Homer these are recycled as formulae; not so in Virgil (for the most part), although here he is adapting a passage from an earlier first- century epic poet Egnatius, from whose depiction of dawn seems to come the phrase curru noctivago (cited in Macrobius, Sat. 6.5.12). This is the middle of the night following Aeneas’s trip to Caere. The chronology of Books VIII – X is as follows: TWO DAYS AGO Aeneas sails up the Tiber to Evander (VIII). NIGHT BEFORE Aeneas with Evander. Venus and Vulcan (VIII). Nisus and Euryalus (IX). DAY BEFORE Evander sends Aeneas on to Caere; Aneneas receives his armour (VIII). Turnus attacks the Trojan camp (IX, X).
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological and Literary Etruscans: Constructions of Etruscan Identity in the First Century Bce
    ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND LITERARY ETRUSCANS: CONSTRUCTIONS OF ETRUSCAN IDENTITY IN THE FIRST CENTURY BCE John B. Beeby A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: James B. Rives Jennifer Gates-Foster Luca Grillo Carrie Murray James O’Hara © 2019 John B. Beeby ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT John B. Beeby: Archaeological and Literary Etruscans: Constructions of Etruscan Identity in the First Century BCE (Under the direction of James B. Rives) This dissertation examines the construction and negotiation of Etruscan ethnic identity in the first century BCE using both archaeological and literary evidence. Earlier scholars maintained that the first century BCE witnessed the final decline of Etruscan civilization, the demise of their language, the end of Etruscan history, and the disappearance of true Etruscan identity. They saw these changes as the result of Romanization, a one-sided and therefore simple process. This dissertation shows that the changes occurring in Etruria during the first century BCE were instead complex and non-linear. Detailed analyses of both literary and archaeological evidence for Etruscans in the first century BCE show that there was a lively, ongoing discourse between and among Etruscans and non-Etruscans about the place of Etruscans in ancient society. My method musters evidence from Late Etruscan family tombs of Perugia, Vergil’s Aeneid, and Books 1-5 of Livy’s history. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of ethnicity in general and as it relates specifically to the study of material remains and literary criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Qt7hq5t8mm.Pdf
    UC Berkeley Room One Thousand Title Water's Pilgrimage in Rome Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hq5t8mm Journal Room One Thousand, 3(3) ISSN 2328-4161 Author Rinne, Katherine Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Katherine Rinne Illustration by Rebecca Sunter Water’s Pilgrimage in Rome “If I were called in To construct a religion I should make use of water.” From Philip Larkin, “Water,” 1964 Rome is one of the world’s most hallowed pilgrimage destinations. Each year, the Eternal City’s numinous qualities draw millions of devout Christians to undertake a pilgrimage there just as they have for nearly two millennia. Visiting the most venerable sites, culminating with St. Peter’s, the Mother Church of Catholicism, the processional journey often reinvigorates faith among believers. It is a cleansing experience for them, a reflective pause in their daily lives and yearly routines. Millions more arrive in Rome with more secular agendas. With equal zeal they set out on touristic, educational, gastronomic, and retail pilgrimages. Indeed, when in Rome, I dedicate at least a full and fervent day to “La Sacra Giornata di Acquistare le Scarpe,” the holy day of shoe shopping, when I visit each of my favorite stores like so many shrines along a sacred way. Although shoes are crucial to our narrative and to the completion of any pilgrimage conducted on Opposite: The Trevi Fountain, 2007. Photo by David Iliff; License: CC-BY-SA 3.0. 27 Katherine Rinne foot, our interest in this essay lies elsewhere, in rededicating Rome’s vital role as a city of reflective pilgrimage by divining water’s hidden course beneath our feet (in shoes, old or new) as it flows out to public fountains in an otherwise parched city.
    [Show full text]
  • VIVA ROMA Für Jugendgruppen
    Thomas Michael Glaw Dorothea Lubahn Reiseführer VIVA ROMA für Jugendgruppen Erlebnistouren Geschichte & Geschichten Schöne Aussichten & Plätze zum Chillen Gut Essen und Trinken Restaurants für Gruppen Liebe Leser*innen, Sie kennen wahrscheinlich Rom sehr gut, sonst wür- den Sie nicht mit einer Gruppe dorthin fahren. Warum also noch ein Führer? Wir möchten Ihnen zur Hand gehen, Sie anregen, Geschichten zu erzählen, Sie ermutigen, auch einmal Dinge wegzulassen. Sie können in wenigen Tagen Ihren Teilnehmer*innen nur Einblicke geben und Lust machen, zurückzukommen in die Ewige Stadt. Erschlagen Sie die Jugendlichen nicht mit Fakten, machen Sie ihre Teilnehmer*innen zu Mit-Gestaltern, indem sie selbst Führungen übernehmen oder Informationen recherchieren, und ermuntern Sie sie zu eigenen, neuen Erfahrungen. Öffnen Sie die Augen für 2000 Jahre Geschichte, ohne das heutige Rom zu vergessen. Dieser Führer und unsere Webseite Rom-U20.de unterstützen Sie bei Ihrem Besuch. Machen Sie Rom für Ihre Jugendlichen zu einem ganz besonderen Erlebnis. Dr. Thomas Michael Glaw & Dorothea Lubahn 2 Erlebnistouren Bazzecole - Restaurants Geschichte & Geschichten Orte abseits der Besucherströme für Jugendgruppen Das alte Rom Aquädukte: dem römischen Va� kan S. 83 Pala� n, Forum Romanum Wasser auf der Spur S. 61 Trastevere S. 88 & Kolosseum S. 4 Thermen in Rom S. 64 Gianicolense S. 93 Centro Storico: Friedhöfe S. 66 Centro Storico S. 95 Vom Campo dei Fiori Nordöstliche Villen S. 98 zur Spanischen Treppe S. 15 Orte der S� lle S. 68 Esquilin & Mon� S. 101 Das Reich des Papstes - Sport & Entspannen San Lorenzo S. 105 der Va� kan und seine Museen S. 25 Schöne Aussichten S. 69 Piramide S.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical Myth-Rom Bklt.Qxd
    CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY : THE ROMANS COURSE GUIDE Professor Peter W. Meineck NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Classical Mythology: The Romans Professor Peter Meineck New York University Recorded Books ™ is a trademark of Recorded Books, LLC. All rights reserved. Classical Mythology: The Romans Professor Peter Meineck Executive Producer John J. Alexander Executive Editor Donna F. Carnahan RECORDING Producer - David Markowitz Director - Matthew Cavnar COURSE GUIDE Editor - James Gallagher Design - Edward White Lecture content ©2005 by Peter Meineck Course guide ©2005 by Recorded Books, LLC 72005 by Recorded Books, LLC Cover image: Statue of Jupiter, Rome © Clipart.com #UT066 ISBN: 978-1-4193-4990-4 All beliefs and opinions expressed in this audio/video program and accompanying course guide are those of the author and not of Recorded Books, LLC, or its employees. Course Syllabus Classical Mythology: The Romans About Your Professor ................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 Lecture 1 Mythological Rome ................................................................................ 6 Lecture 2 The Making of Myth: How the Romans Recorded Their Mythology ................................................................................... 11 Lecture 3 Greek Myths and the Romans: Cacus, Hercules, and the Greeks in Italy ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Discourses on Satire and Epic Poetry
    Discourses on Satire and Epic Poetry John Dryden Project Gutenberg Discourses on Satire and Epic Poetry, by Dryden #2 in our series by John Dryden Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! Please take a look at the important information in this header. We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an electronic path open for the next readers. Do not remove this. *It must legally be the first thing seen when opening the book.* In fact, our legal advisors said we can't even change margins. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and further information is included below. We need your donations. Title: Discourses on Satire and Epic Poetry Author: John Dryden May, 2001 [Etext #2615] Project Gutenberg Discourses on Satire and Epic Poetry, by Dryden *******This file should be named dscep10.txt or dscep10.zip****** Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, dscep11.txt VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, dscep10a.txt This etext was prepared by David Price, email [email protected] from the 1888 Cassell & Company edition. Project Gutenberg Etexts are usually created from multiple editions, all of which are in the Public Domain in the United States, unless a copyright notice is included. Therefore, we usually do NOT keep any of these books in compliance with any particular paper edition.
    [Show full text]
  • Etruscan Identity and Self-Representation in the Late Republic and Early Principate
    Etruscan Identity and Self-Representation in the Late Republic and Early Principate Chiara Strazzulla Supervisors: Cardiff University Dr Guy Bradley (Cardiff University) Prof. Elena Isayev (University of Exeter) Presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History 2018 Acknowledgements Research might often be portrayed as a solo enterprise, but no work of research is ever truly done alone. This work would most certainly not have been possible without the help and support of many others beside me, who gave their own precious insights, directed my investigation to unexpected corners of the subject topic, and generously gave assistance when assistance was needed. My heartfelt thanks go therefore to: My supervisors, Dr Guy Bradley and Prof. Elena Isayev, who have been present at every stage, providing fundamental clarifications, encouraging me to push my limits and find my strengths, helping me shape what was a disconnected bunch of ideas about Romans and Etruscans into something concrete. Their dedication to this work cannot be understated and without it none of it would have been possible. All at AHRC and the South, West and Wales Doctoral Training Partnership, for generously funding my PhD and providing invaluable occasions for personal and professional development, debate, and sharing. The discussions had at cohort days organised by the DTP have helped guide the direction my research was taking, provided me with additional tools and given me interdisciplinary insights. My thanks in particular to Chantelle Payne and Rose Jones, for their tireless organisational work; and to all the fellow DTP students with whom I exchanged opinions and ideas, most importantly Beatrice Hitchman, Sophie Payne, Maria Tomlinson, Anna Field, James Thomas Lloyd, and Jo Bryant.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenfield, P. N. 2011. Virgin Territory
    _____________________________________ VIRGIN TERRITORY THE VESTALS AND THE TRANSITION FROM REPUBLIC TO PRINCIPATE _____________________________________ PETA NICOLE GREENFIELD 2011 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics and Ancient History The University of Sydney ABSTRACT _____________________________________ The cult of Vesta was vital to the city of Rome. The goddess was associated with the City’s very foundation, and Romans believed that the continuity of the state depended on the sexual and moral purity of her priestesses. In this dissertation, Virgin Territory: The Vestals and the Transition from Republic to Principate, I examine the Vestal cult between c. 150 BCE and 14 CE, that is, from the beginning of Roman domination in the Mediterranean to the establishment of authoritarian rule at Rome. Six aspects of the cult are discussed: the Vestals’ relationship with water in ritual and literature; a re-evaluation of Vestal incestum (unchastity) which seeks a nuanced approach to the evidence and examines the record of incestum cases; the Vestals’ extra-ritual activities; the Vestals’ role as custodians of politically sensitive documents; the Vestals’ legal standing relative to other Roman women, especially in the context of Augustus’ moral reform legislation; and the cult’s changing relationship with the topography of Rome in light of the construction of a new shrine to Vesta on the Palatine after Augustus became pontifex maximus in 12 BCE. It will be shown that the cult of Vesta did not survive the turmoil of the Late Republic unchanged, nor did it maintain its ancient prerogative in the face of Augustus’ ascendancy.
    [Show full text]
  • Esposito,Michael Dissertation Persuasion in the Aeneid
    PERSUASION IN THE AENEID A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Michael Esposito December 2017 © 2017 Michael Esposito PERSUASION IN THE AENEID Michael Esposito, Ph.D. Cornell University 2017 This dissertation is an analysis of how characters in the Aeneid acquire and use knowledge to manipulate their addressees, and of how the Vergilian narrator employs similar strategies to manipulate his reader. The first three chapters are readings of speeches and scenes informed by a focus on each character’s rhetorical goals and persuasive strategies. I concentrate particularly on passages in which characters invent, distort, and speak tendentiously in other ways. The final two chapters argue that the Vergilian narrator is misdirecting, because he uses untrue character speech to raise unfulfilled expectations, and that he is suppressive, because he leaves out much, and displaces the telling of much onto unreliable characters’ claims. In the first chapter I examine how the reader perceives what characters in the Aeneid know, how the characters come to know, and how they use what they know. In the second chapter I interpret the diplomatic exchanges between Ilioneus and Latinus and between Aeneas and Evander as rhetorical contests for advantage, informed by the chaotic military and political world that is Vergil’s Italy. In the third chapter I argue that the speech in the last four books shifts to disputing the responsibility for the outbreak of the war and the question of over what the war is being fought.
    [Show full text]