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Università Degli Studi Di Salerno UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SALERNO FACOLTÀ DI LETTERE E FILOSOFIA DIPARTIMENTO DI STUDI UMANISTICI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN FILOLOGIA CLASSICA X CICLO TESI DI DOTTORATO Le annotazioni di Pomponio Leto a Lucano (Vat. lat. 3285): libri I-IV con un’appendice sulla Vita Lucani DOTTORANDA: Elettra Camperlingo tutor: coordinatore del dottorato: Prof. Paolo Esposito Prof. Paolo Esposito co-tutor: Prof. ssa Christine Walde ANNO ACCADEMICO 2010/2011 Ai miei maestri di vita e di scuola Sommario INTRODUZIONE I CAPITOLO I : Pomponio Leto I.1- Quasi una biografia 2 I.1.1. Fonti per una biografia di Pomponio Leto 2 I.1.2. La questione del nome 4 I.1.3. Data e luogo di nascita 6 I.1.4. La famiglia di Pomponio Leto 7 I.1.5. Gli anni giovanili 9 I.1.6. Il primo soggiorno a Roma: la scuola di Lorenzo Valla e di 10 Pietro Odo da Montopoli I.1.7. L’incarico d’insegnamento nello Studium Vrbis e il soggiorno a 13 Venezia I.1.8. Le accuse 15 I.1.9. La congiura, l’imprigionamento e il processo 16 I.1.10. Il ritorno all’insegnamento 19 I.1.11. L’esperienza dei viaggi 19 I.1.12.Gli anni di insegnamento presso lo Studium Vrbis 21 I.1.13. Il “ritratto” di Pomponio Leto 23 I.1.14. Morte di Pomponio Leto 25 I.2- Opere 26 I.2.1. La testimonianza delle fonti biografiche 26 I.2.2. Per una classificazione tipologica delle opere di Leto 26 I.2.3. Opere di Pomponio Leto trasmesse in manoscritti 27 I.2.3.1. Possibili codici pomponiani anteriori al 1470 27 I.2.3.2. I codici ciceroniani 30 I.2.3.3. I commenti a Virgilio 32 I.2.3.4. I commenti al De lingua latina di Varrone 34 I.2.3.5. I commenti a Floro e ad Ovidio 35 I.2.3.6. L’interesse per la topografia 37 I.2.4. Opere a stampa di Pomponio Leto (pubblicate con o senza la sua 39 volontà) I.2.4.1. Il commento al X libro di Columella 39 I.2.4.2. Le edizioni “pirata” dei commenti a Virgilio 41 I.2.4.3. Romanae historiae compendium 43 I.2.4.4. De magistratibus, sacerdotiis, iurisperitis et legibus ad M. Pantagathum 45 libellus I.2.5. Edizioni quattrocentine dei classici curate da Pomponio Leto 46 CAPITOLO II: L’esegesi a Lucano prima di Pomponio Leto II.1. Premessa 51 II.2. La prima esegesi lucanea (I-VIII sec. circa) 53 II.3. Nuclei di scolii precedenti il commentario d’Arnolfo d’Orléans 56 II.4. Le Glosule super Lucanum di Arnolfo d’Orléans (XII sec.) 58 II.5. L’esegesi lucanea successiva ad Arnolfo (XII-XIV sec.) 61 II.5.1. Il commento a Lucano di Zono de’Magnalis 63 II.5.2. Un maestro di grammatica commentatore di Lucano: Goro d’Arezzo 65 II.5.3. Benvenuto da Imola interprete di Lucano 67 II.5.4. Il commento inedito di Domenico Bandini 71 II.5.5. Il “Lucano cristiano” di Folchino Borfoni 73 II.5.6. Il Preambulum a Lucano di Per Pietro da Parma 75 II.5.7. Le glosse alla Pharsalia di Guglielmo Cappello d’Auletta 77 II.6. L’esegesi lucanea all’epoca della stampa (incunaboli) 79 II.6.1 Un esempio di commento lucaneo a stampa: Ognibene Bonisoli da Lonigo 80 II.6.2 Sulpizio da Veroli: un commento d’ambiente pomponiano 81 CAPITOLO III: Il Vat. lat. 3285 e le annotazioni di Pomponio Leto a Lucano III.1. I codici Mazzatosta 85 III.1.1. Vat. lat. 3279: La Tebaide di Stazio 88 III.1.2. Vat. lat. 3264: I Fasti di Ovidio 89 III.1.3. Vat. lat. 3302: I Punica di Silio Italico 90 III.1.4. Vat. lat. 3875: Siluae e Achilleide di Stazio 91 III.2. Il Vat. lat. 3285: il Bellum ciuile di Lucano (una descrizione 92 codicologica) III.3. Carattere e struttura delle annotazioni 96 III.4. Il Lucano del Vat. lat. 3285 104 III.5. I rapporti di Pomponio Leto con l’editio princeps della Pharsalia di 108 Lucano CAPITOLO IV: Edizione critica delle note di Pomponio ai libri I-IV della Pharsalia IV.1. Premessa 115 IV.2. Le note al I libro (ff. 1r-12v) 119 IV.2.1. Osservazioni relative al I libro 141 IV.3. Le note al II libro (ff. 12v-24v) 149 IV.3.1. Osservazioni relative al II libro 169 IV.4. Le note al III libro (ff. 25r-37v) 172 IV.4.1. Osservazioni relative al III libro 196 IV.5. Le note al IV libro (ff. 37v-51r) 200 IV.5.1. Osservazioni relative al IV libro 235 CAPITOLO V: La uita Lucani di Pomponio Leto V.1. - EDIZIONE CRITICA 243 V.1.1. Premessa 243 V.1.2. CONSPECTVS SIGLORVM 252 V.1.3. Epitaphium Lucani per Pomponium 254 V.1.4. La uita Lucani di Pomponio Leto 255 V.2. - La tradizione biografica lucanea anteriore a Pomponio 260 V.3. – L’epitaffio di Lucano scritto da Pomponio Leto 264 V.4. - La uita Lucani di Pomponio Leto e le sue fonti 266 V.4.1. Le notizie riprese dalla uita Lucani di Vacca 266 V.4.2. Le fonti esplicite: il Genethliacon Lucani ad Pollam e Quintiliano 272 V.4.3. Una fonte storica: gli Annales di Tacito 274 V.4.4. Lucano come fonte autoschediastica 277 V.4.5. La complessa questione della prima parte della uita Lucani pomponiana 278 V.4.6. Altre possibili fonti implicite: Persio e Giovenale 282 V.5. - Il rapporto della uita Lucani pomponiana con le altre 285 biografie umanistiche V.5.1. La uita Lucani di Pier Candido Decembrio 287 V.5.2. La uita Lucani di Sulpizio da Veroli 288 CONCLUSIONE 295 BIBLIOGRAFIA 297 Quegli è Omero poeta sovrano, l’altro è Orazio satiro, che viene, Ovidio è il terzo, e l’ultimo Lucano. “Dante Alighieri, Inferno IV, 88-90” Solet quaeri ab studiosis uiris utilis ne sit historia. Nos uero non modo utilem et frugiferam, sed necessariam mortalibus esse contendimus, et quemadmodum agricolatione corpora, sic monimentis rerum animi fouentur. Vitae cupido pharmaca pellendis morbis inuenit [...] Accuratius legere prodest1. “Giulio Pomponio Leto” GIULIO POMPONIO LETO-ARCHIVIO ICONOGRAFICO R. R. GALLERIE. FIRENZE INTRODUZIONE Scrivere un nuovo capitolo sulla produzione e sul metodo di Pomponio Leto e aggiungere un nuovo tassello alla storia della fortuna lucanea sono i due obiettivi principali del lavoro che segue. 1 P. LAETVS, Romanae historiae compendium ab interitu Gordiani Iunioris usque ad Iustinum Tertium in Vitae Caesarum, Basilea 1546 p. 432. I Pomponio Leto e Lucano, infatti, sono i protagonisti di questa dissertazione. Le opere di questi due autori si sono intrecciate (1469), per caso o per scelta, perché la tradizione le ha consegnate alla storia attraverso un codice finora poco studiato, il Vaticano latino 3285, manoscritto unico e autografo che, hic et nunc, ci si propone di analizzare. Si procederà attraverso l’esame della vita e delle opere di Pomponio Leto, lambendo la storia dell’esegesi lucanea tra Tardo-Antico e Umanesimo; quindi si introdurranno le annotazioni pomponiane riguardanti il bellum ciuile di Lucano, contenute nel Vat. lat. 3285; infine si proporrà un’edizione dell’esegesi pomponiana ai libri I-IV della Pharsalia, conclusa, dalla pubblicazione della vita e dell’epitaffio del poeta cordovese, ingiustamente trascurati, entrambi di mano dall’umanista e contenuti negli ultimi fogli dello stesso manoscritto. Qualche avvertenza iniziale è forse doverosa: le annotazioni di Pomponio a Lucano non costituiscono un commento sistematico e continuo all’opera, ma sono piuttosto note sporadiche e disorganiche, di natura storica, antiquaria, geografica, mitologica, scritte esclusivamente a scopo didattico; pertanto il termine “commento” in riferimento ad esse verrà usato, com’è giusto, con molta cautela e soltanto nella consapevolezza di voler indicare un lavoro privo di intenzione letteraria, non destinato alla stampa, in quanto operazione finalizzata alla pura didattica. Al fine dunque di comprendere pienamente il senso del lavoro pomponiano, si è ritenuto opportuno inserire, accanto all’edizione delle annotazioni (che costituisce il fulcro centrale di questa tesi), un’ampia trattazione ripartita in cinque capitoli. 1. Il primo è volto a inquadrare sinteticamente la figura e l’opera di Pomponio Leto attraverso una “rilettura” delle fonti che forniscono notizie sull’umanista e attraverso una rassegna bibliografica aggiornata, cui si guarda con un occhio critico e attento nel tentativo di approfondire e individuare nuove possibili soluzioni su questioni spinose (es. problema della primogenitura, cronologia dei viaggi). Ad esempio, per quanto riguarda le opere dell’umanista, si è provveduto a una suddivisione di esse, non più in “chirografi” e “dictata”, secondo la vecchia e consueta terminologia, ma in opere manoscritte, opere a stampa ed edizioni quattrocentine curate da Leto. II 2. Il secondo capitolo, che, probabilmente, allo sguardo di un “lettore diligente”, potrebbe apparire poco pertinente, offre una contestualizzazione del “commento” di Pomponio Leto a Lucano. La novità e l’originalità del metodo pomponiano rispetto agli esegeti lucanei precedenti emerge con forza da un excursus, seppur breve, che parte dalla scoliastica Tardo-Antica e arriva fino ai maestri di grammatica del ‘300 italiano e agli interpreti lucanei dopo l’avvento della stampa. L’auspicio è che questa tesi possa colmare una profonda lacuna nella bibliografia lucanea e a tal fine si è ritenuto indispensabile non solo trascrivere e studiare le annotazioni pomponiane, ma anche, indagare attraverso una verifica autoptica (presso biblioteche e istituti di ricerca) sull’esegesi lucanea oggetto, fino ad oggi, soltanto di studi non sistematici.
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