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JIHAD Pag 1-10 Revazut.Qxd JIHADUL ISLAMIC DE LA "|NFRÂNGEREA TERORII" {I "R+ZBOIUL SFÂNT" LA "SPERAN}A LIBERT+}II" JIHADUL ISLAMIC 1 Foto coperta I • SHEIKH MAWLANA MUHAMMAD HISHAM COD CNCSIS 270 ANDREESCU, ANGHEL Jihadul Islamic de la ''|nfrângerea terorii'' [i ''R=zboiul Sfânt''ANDREESCU, la ''speran]a ANGHEL libert=]ii'' / Anghel Andreescu, NicolaeJihadul Radu. Islamic - Bucure[ti: de la ''|nfrângerea Editura Ministerului terorii'' [i ''R=zboiulInternelor [iSfânt'' Reformei la Administrative,''speran]a libert=]ii'' 2008 / Anghel Andreescu, Bibliogr.Nicolae Radu. - Bucure[ti: Editura Ministerului Internelor ISBN[i Reformei 978-973-745-011-1 Administrative, 2008 Bibliogr. I.ISBN Radu, 978-973-745-011-1 Nicolae 329.7(¡411.21)I. Radu, Nicolae Jihad 329.7(¡411.21) Jihad Opera]ii editoriale: colectiv Editura MIRA Tip=rit: Tipografia Codex Anghel ANDREESCU, Nicolae RADU 2 Chestor general de poli]ie Comisar [ef prof. univ. dr. Anghel ANDREESCU conf. univ. dr. Nicolae RADU JIHADULJIHADUL ISLAMICISLAMIC DE LA "|NFRÂNGEREA TERORII" {I "R+ZBOIUL SFÂNT" LA "SPERAN}A LIBERT+}II" BUCURE{TI – 2008 – JIHADUL ISLAMIC 3 Cuprins Gând pentru toleran]= . 9 Prefa]= . 11 Introducere . 15 Introduction . 29 Introduction . 43 Lista abrevieri . 59 Capitolul 1 De la Islam la cunoa[terea Jihadului . 65 Cât de bine cunoa[tem Islamul? . 65 Unicitatea lui Allah . 79 |n numele credin]ei . 96 Calea spre Mecca . 98 Ebraismul confirmat . 103 Moartea Profetului . .104 Urma[ii lui Mahomed . 106 Dinastia Abbasida [i civiliza]ia islamic= . 109 |n=l]are [i dec=dere . 110 {ii]i [i suni]i . 111 Religia \ntre [ii]i [i suni]i . 113 Cartea Sfânt= a Islamului . 115 Nemurirea sufletului . 132 Dimensiunea islamic= a atacurilor sinuciga[e . 134 R=spândirea fundamentalismului islamic . 162 Islam vs. terorism? . 175 Jihad \n Balcani . 178 Reconcilierea civiliza]iilor! . 192 Recurs la memoria colectiv= . 196 Capitolul 2 Enciclopedia Terorii. Calea spre Emir [i Al-Qaida Alb= . 209 Paradigmele cunoa[terii . 215 Geneza terorii . 219 JIHADUL ISLAMIC 5 Terorismul contemporan . 221 Incubatoarele radicaliz=rii . 229 Calea spre Emir . 230 Al-Qaida Alb= . 246 Emirul . 247 Chemarea la Jihadul Sfânt . 250 Emirii cu ochii alba[trii . 255 Exist= un \nlocuitor pentru [eicul terorii? . 260 Capitolul 3 Jihad pe internet - Cyberterorism, Cyberspionaj, Mass-media [i "Brandul" Al-Qaida . 267 Omniprezentul cyberterorism . 267 Pira]ii cibernetici . 274 Lovitura la comer]ul electonic . 278 Suprema]ia informa]iilor . 282 Cybercomandament la Air Force . 284 Site-uri jihadiste . 285 Forumul Al-Tajdid . 288 Marketing on-line . 289 Juc=tori pe scena media . 304 "Brandul" Al-Qaida . 305 M=suri ac]ionale post 11 septembrie 2001 . 316 Capitolul 4 Organiza]ii jihadiste [i grup=ri teroriste interna]ionale . .329 Organiza]ii [i grup=ri teroriste din Orientul Apropiat [i Mijlociu . 331 Organiza]ii teroriste armene, kurde [i turce[ti . 351 Organiza]ii extremist-teroriste din Asia . 358 Organiza]ii [i grup=ri teroriste din Europa . 363 Organiza]ii [i grup=ri de pe continentul american . 381 Organiza]ii [i grup=ri paramilitare . 390 |ndemn la reflec]ie . 397 Glosar de termeni pentru Jihad . 399 Anexe . 407 Bibliografie selectiv= . 442 Prezentare autori (englez=, francez=) . 462/463 Anghel ANDREESCU, Nicolae RADU 6 MOTTO: Cine a spus c= noi vom deschide calea r=zboiului? FADLALLAH, cleric [iit, 2008 JIHADUL ISLAMIC 7 Gând pentru toleran]= Aflu cu bucurie despre apari]ia lucr=rii Jihadul Islamic, care se refer= la un subiect de actualitate [i care ne preocup= pe noi ca musulmani. Adept al adev=rului fiind, readuc \n aten]ie frumuse]ea Islamului [i prezen]a istoric= a comunit=]ii musulmane \n ]ara noastr= exprimându-mi [i punctul de vedere la Islam ca realitate etern=. Practica Islamului – religie divin=, a p=cii [i toleran]ei – \n România este legat= de stabilirea popula]iei turco-t=tare din secolul al-XIII-lea. Modelul de convie]uire inter-etnic [i inter-religios dobrogean a func]ionat exemplar, secole de-a rândul, de[i el ar fi putut s= fie subminat de interminabilele r=zboaie ruso-turce sau româno-turce. Musulmanii autohtoni sunt suni]i, iar din cele patru [coli sunite: malekismul, [afiismul, hambalismul [i hanefismul, musulmanii dobrogeni apar]in [coli hanefite (predominant \n Turcia [i ]=rile sub domina]ia turc=). Dup= 1990 \n România \ntâlnim prezen]a [i a celorlalte [coli cât [i adep]i ai ramurei [iite. |n acest col] de ]ar= Dobrogea, considerat= \n folclor "loc de pribegie", t=tarii, turcii [i românii, sunt uni]i de religiozitatea lor, de credin]a \n Divinitatea unic=, de Creator numit fie Allah, fie Dumnezeu. I-a unit, de asemenea, nevoia de identitate, de lini[te, de reculegere, de c=ldur= comunitar= [i chiar de mister, de culoare, de frumos etnic-religios [i cultural. Pân= \n 1940, turcii - t=tarii au p=r=sit masiv, \n valuri succesive, Dobrogea, l=sând \n urm= o comunitate relativ mic= – azi, 70.000 –, dar puternic ata[at= de valorile sale tradi]ionale, morale [i spirituale. Ast=zi, pericolul cel mai mare, pentru credincio[ii musulmani este cel al sectelor, al intoleran]ei, al extremismului. Aceste secte sunt sus]inute logistic [i financiar de diferite state, \ncercând s= dezbine comunitatea musulman= [i s= aduc= prejudicii modelului de via]= inter- etnic [i inter-religios care a existat de opt secole \n România. JIHADUL ISLAMIC 9 Islamul nu ar trebui s= fie exploatat \n interese personale, politice cum se \ntâmpl= la ora actual=. Din p=cate, cauza apari]iei conflictelor, a a[a-zisului Jihad, a extremismului cum \l denumesc acele grupuri de interese se datoreaz= nerespect=rii Coranului cel Sfânt. Conform versetului 32 din capitolul Al-Maida ''cel care ucide un suflet nevinovat sau comite o alt= stric=ciune pe p=mânt, este ca [i când i-ar ucide pe to]i oamenii, iar cel care las= \n via]= un suflet este ca [i cum i-ar l=sa \n via]= pe to]i oamenii''. La \nceput de secol XXI, musulmanii din România sunt cei care sus]in dialogul, respectul fa]= de valorile religioase, dorind s= promoveze acest lucru [i \n comunitatea european=. Uniunea European= trebuie s= ia act de modul de organizare a comunit=]ii, de contribu]ia pe care ace[tia o au pe lâng= popula]ia majoritar= la progresul economico-social al României. M= rog la bunul Dumnezeu s=-i c=l=uzeasc= pe acei oameni pe calea cea dreapt=, s=-i fac= s= \n]eleag= cu adev=rat principiile divine, iar pe cititorii acestei c=r]i s= \n]eleag= de fapt ce \nseamn= Jihadul Islamic, nu cel care se propag= la ora actual=. Yusuf Murat Muftiul–{ef al Cultului Musulman din România Anghel ANDREESCU, Nicolae RADU 10 Prefa]= |n ciuda eforturilor depuse, conceptualiz=rile [i limitele de demarca]ie pentru terorism [i islam au r=mas controversate. Cea de-a 44-a Conferin]= privind politica de securitate, desf=[urat= la München, \n perioada 8 – 10 februarie 2008, este una dintre cele mai recente \ntâlniri \n cadrul c=reia s-a \ncercat s= se defineasc= categoriile de terorism, crim= organizat= [i migra]iune ilegal=. |n contextul lucr=rilor, eforturile comune de cre[tere a eficien]ei combaterii terorismului ale statelor membre ONU, NATO, UE, OSCE, ale altor state [i institu]ii multina]ionale se cer concertate strâns cu o solidaritate [i cooperare interna]ional= l=rgite. Dac= pentru FBI, terorismul reprezint= "recurs ilicit la for]= [i violen]= \ndreptat \mpotriva persoanelor sau bunurilor cu scopul de a intimida sau de a constrânge puterile publice, popula]ia civil= sau orice segment al acesteia, \n atingerea unor obiective politice sau sociale", Departamentul de Stat al SUA consider= fenomenul terorist, drept "violen]= premeditat= motivat= politic, \ndreptat= \mpotriva ]intelor necombatante de c=tre agen]i subna]ionali sau clandestini, de obicei cu inten]ia de a influen]a publicul." Sensul identitar al terorismului nu este u[or de stabilit. "Jihadul Islamic", o lucrare destinat= unei mai bune \n]elegeri a islamului, dar [i a diferen]elor culturale aflate la originea conflictualit=]ii dintre state, na]iuni, civiliza]ii, reprezint= un demers pe atât de nea[teptat din partea autorilor, chestor general, prof. univ. dr. Anghel Andreescu [i comisar-[ef, conf. univ. dr. Nicolae Radu, pe cât de complex este. |n economia spa]iului destinat islamului se procedeaz= la o analiz= asupra Jihadului, a semnifica]iei ce revin celor cinci stâlpi ai credin]ei islamice – M=rturisirea de credin]=, Rug=ciunea, Pelerinajul la Mecca, Postul din luna Ramadan, Dania ritual= – interpreta]i [i din perspectiva "Eschatologiei islamice" ce JIHADUL ISLAMIC 11 se ocup= de Qiyamah (Sfâr[itul Lumii) [i judecata final= a umanit=]ii. Cum foarte bine se subliniaz= \n lucrare, conceptul fundamental \n islamism este dat de c=tre unicitatea lui Allah (tawahid), monoteismul fiind absolut, [i nu relativ sau pluralistic. Coranul, numit [i "Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu", promoveaz= o etic= bazat= pe cump=tare [i bun-sim]: "mânca]i [i be]i, \ns= nu fi]i \mbuiba]i" (Sura 7, 29). Pornind de la inten]ia de cunoa[tere a Jihadului [i acordând aten]ia cuvenit= izvoarelor istorice, marcate de Coran, Hadith [i Shari/ah, autorii reu[esc s= aduc= \n prim plan teologia r=zboiului, a p=cii, istoria Profetului Mahomed [i a urma[ilor s=i, comanderiile Fida'i [i secta asasinilor, organiza]ii teroriste [i structurile antidemocratice, de tipul Hizballah ("Hesbollah"), Hamas, Jihadul Islamic Palestinian, Al-Qaida, Al-Qaida Alb=, urmate de Al Haramain Islamic Foundation [i Al-Masjed al Aqsa. Lupta propriu-zis= \mpotriva terori[tilor presupune informa]ii reactualizate, t=ierea surselor de finan]are, o cooperare interna]ional= permanent=, o legisla]ie adecvat=, metode [i tactici noi, [i nu \n ultimul rând for]e specializate preg=tite \n riposta antiterorist=. Dar \n acela[i timp, autorii atrag aten]ia c= este necesar= [i o stabilire clar= a identit=]ii celor ce se fac r=spunz=tori de crime comise \mpotriva umanit=]ii, asocierea, f=r= fundament concret, dintre terorism [i islam fiind una dintre cele mai grave erori ale \nceputului de mileniu III.
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