Ohio Terrorism N=30

Terry Oroszi, MS, EdD Advanced Technical Intelligence Center ABC Boonshoft School of Medicine, WSU Henry Jackson Foundation, WPAFB The Dayton Think Tank, Dayton, OH Definitions of Terrorism

International Terrorism Domestic Terrorism Terrorism

“use or threatened use of “violent acts that are “the intent to instill fear, and violence to intimidate a dangerous to human life the goals of the terrorists population or government and and violate federal or state are political, religious, or thereby effect political, laws” ideological” religious, or ideological change”

“Political, Religious, or Ideological Goals” The Research… #520 Charged (2001-2018)

• Betim Kaziu • Abid Naseer • Ali Mohamed Bagegni • Bilal Abood • Adam Raishani (Saddam Mohamed Raishani) • Ali Muhammad Brown • Bilal Mazloum • Adam Dandach • Ali Saleh • Bonnell (Buster) Hughes • Adam Gadahn (Azzam al-Amriki) • Ali Shukri Amin • Brandon L. Baxter • Adam Lynn Cunningham • Allen Walter lyon (Hammad Abdur- • Brian Neal Vinas • Adam Nauveed Hayat Raheem) • Brother of Mohammed Hamzah Khan • Adam Shafi • Alton Nolen (Jah'Keem Yisrael) • Bruce Edwards Ivins • Adel Daoud • Alwar Pouryan • Burhan Hassan • Adis Medunjanin • Aman Hassan Yemer • Burson Augustin • Adnan Abdihamid Farah • Amer Sinan Alhaggagi • Byron Williams • Ahmad Abousamra • Amera Akl • Cabdulaahi Ahmed Faarax • Ahmad Hussam Al Din Fayeq Abdul Aziz (Abu Bakr • Amiir Farouk Ibrahim • Carlos Eduardo Almonte Alsinawi) • Amina Farah Ali • Carlos Leon Bledsoe • Ahmad Khan Rahami • Amr I. Elgindy (Anthony Elgindy) • Cary Lee Ogborn • Ahmed Abdel Sattar • Andrew Joseph III Stack • Casey Charles Spain • Ahmed Abdullah Minni • Anes Subasic • Castelli Marie • Ahmed Ali Omar • Anthony M. Hayne • Cedric Carpenter • Ahmed Hassan Al-Uqaily • Antonio Martinez (Muhammad Hussain) • Charles Bishop • Ahmed Hussein Mahamud • Anwar Awlaki • Christopher Lee Cornell • Ahmed Ibrahim Bilal • Arafat M. Nagi • Christopher Paul • Ahmed Mohamed Isse • Ariel Bradley • Clark Calloway • Ahmed Mohammed El Gammal • Arifeen Gojali • Clifford L. Cousins • Ahmed Omar Abu Ali • Arman Ali • Coleman Barney • Akba Jihad Jordan • Arwah Jaber • Colleen Larose (Jihad Jane Fatima LaRose) • Akram Abdallah • Asher Abed Khan • Conner C. Stevens • Akram Musleh • Ashraf Alzaim (Ashraf Zaim) • Craig Benedict Baxam • Alaa Saadeh • Asia Siddiqui • Dahir Gurey Sheikh Ali Guled • Alberto Renteria (Abu Hudhayfa al-Mexiki) • Asif Ahmed Salim • Dan Roberts • Alex Hernandez • Atal Bashar • Daniel Cowart • Alexander Ciccolo • Avin Marsalis Brown • Daniel Joseph Maldonado (Daniel Aljughaifi) • Alexander E. Blair • Awais Younis • Daniel Patrick Boyd • Alexander Samuel Smith (Amir Alexander) • Aziz Ihab Sayyed • Daniel Seth Franey (Abu Dawuud) • Ali al-Tamimi • Aziz Sayyed • Daniel Wells Herriman • Ali Asad Chandia • Barry Walter Bujol • Daniela Greene • Ali Kourani (Ali Mohamad Kourani, Jacob Lewis Daniel) • Basaaly Saeed Moalin • Darren Arness Jackson (Daod) • Bernard Raymond Augustine The Research…

• David Williams IV • Everitt Aaron Jameson • Hawo Mohamed Hassan • David Wright (Dawud SharifAbdul Khaliq, Dawud • Eyad Suleiman • Heather Elizabeth Coffman Sharif Wright, Dawud Sharif Wright, Dawud • Fadhil Al- Khaledy • Henry Dewitt McFarland III SharifAbdul Wright • Faisal Mohammad • Hinda Osman Dhirane • David Yamasu ("Dawud Qatal al-Amriki") • Faisal Shahzad • Hoda Muthana (Umm Jihad) • Dayne Atani Christian (Shakur) • Farah Mohamed Beledi • Hor I. Akl • Decarus Lowell Thomas (Abdul Malik Abdul • Fareed Mumuni • Ibraheem Musaibli Kareem) • Farooque Ahmed • Ibrahim A. Mohammad • Demetrius “Van” Crocker • Father of Mohamad Saeed Kodaimati • Ikaika Erik Kang • Demetrius Pitts (Abdur Raheem Rafiq) • Fawaz Mohammed Damrah ( • Imran Rabbani • Derrick Shareef (Talib Abu Salam Ibn Shareef) • Fawaz Rahal • Islam Said Natsheh • Derrick Thompson • Faysal Galab • Ismaaiyl Brinsley • Domingue Frederick Jr. (Walli Mujahidh) • Frederick Thomas • Ismail Alsarabbi • Donald Ray Morgan • Gale Nettles • Issa Doreh • Donald T. Surratt • Garrett Asger Grimsley • Iyman Faris • Douglas McAuthur McCain • Gen Mustafe Noorudiin • Izhar Khan • Douglas Wright • Ghassan Elashi • Jaber Elbaneh • Dylan Boyd (Mohammed) • Gregory Hubbard (Jibreel) • Jaelyn Delshaun Young • Dzhokhar Anzorovich Tsarnaev • Gregory Lepsky • Jaffrey Khan • Edward Archer • Gregory Vernon Patterson • Jalil Ibn Ameer Aziz • Edward Feltus • Gufran Ahmed Kauser Mohammed • Jamal Bana • Ehsanul Islam Sadequee • Guled Ali Omar • James Cromitie (Abdul Rehman Abdul Rahman) • Elias Akhdar • Hafiz Muhammed Sher Ali Khan • James Earnest Thompson (Ujaama Earnest James) • Elton Simpson • Hamid Hayat • James Elshafay • Elvis Redzepagic • Hamza Naj Ahmed • James Gonzalo Medina • Emanuel L Lutchman • Hanad Abdullahi Mohallim • James Ray McElroy • Emerson Begolly • Hanad Mustafe Musse • James W. Von Brunn • Enaam M. Arnaout (Abu Mahmoud, Abdel Samia, • Haris Qamar • Jamie Paulin Ramirez Abu Mahmoud Al Suri Abu Mahmoud Al Hamawi) • Harlem Suarez • Jarallah Wasil • Enrique Marquez Jr. • Hasan Akbar • Jared Loughner • Eric Harroun • Hasan Ali Ayesh • Jason Michael Ludke • Eric Reginald Robinson • Hasan Edmonds • Jayyousi Kifah • Erick Jamal Hendricks • Hassan Kamal • Jeffrey Leon Battle • Erwin Antonio Rios • Hassan Moussa Makki • Jehad Mostafa (Ahmad Guery and Emir Anwar) • Esteban Santiago • Hatem Naji Fariz • Jessie Curtis Morton The Research…

• Mohammad Zaki Amawi • Nicholas Alexander Rovinski • Randy Lamar Wilson Jr. (Rasheed) • Mohammed Hamzah Khan • Nicholas Michael Teausant • Rasel Raihan (Abu Abdullah al-Amriki) • Mohammed Hesham Youssef (Abu Turab) • Nicholas Young • Rawdah Abdisalaam (Umm Waqqas) • Mohammed Junaid Babar • Nicole Mansfield • Ray H. Adams • Mohammed Mosharref Hossain • Nidal Hasan • Raymond Dillard (Jeff Osborn) • Mohammed Subeh • Nihad Rosic • Reed Stanley Berry • Mohammed Wali Zazi • Noelle Velentzas • Rene Wright (Rafiq Sabir) • Mohammed Yousry • Noor Salman • Reza Niknejad • Mohimanul Bhuiya (Saleh Muhammad) • Numan Maflahi • Rezwan Ferdaus • Monasser Mosad Omian • October Martinique Lewis • Richard David Hupper (Piraton) • Moner Mohammad Abu Salha • Oded Orbach • Richard Poplawski • Moussa Ali Hamdan • Omar Ali • Robel Kidane Phillipos • Mubarak Hamed • Omar Kattan • Robert Blake Jackson • Mufid Abdulqader • Omar Mir Seddique Mateen • Robert Goldstein • Mufid Elfgeeh • Omar Shafik Hammami • Robert Lorenzo Hester Jr. • Muhammad Ibrahim Bilal • Omar Shishani • Robert McCullum (Amir Said Abdul Rahman Al-Ghazi) • Muhanad Mahmoud Al Farekh • Onta Williams • Roger Stockham • Muktar Al-Bakri • Parveg Ahmed • Ronald Allen Grecula • Munir Abdulkadir Abdulkader • Patrice Lumumba Ford • Rothschild Augustine • Munther Omar Saleh • Patrick Alan Lawwill • Roxanne Laura Kopke • Mustafa Al-Aboody • Paul G. Rockwood Jr • Ruben Shumpert • Nachimuthu Socrates • Paul Hall (Hassan Abu-Jihaad) • Russel Defreitas • Nader Elhuzayel • Paul Schlesselman • Russel Dennison (Abdullah Chekdamize) • Nader Saadeh • Pete Seda (Pirouz Sedaghaty) • Ryan Gibson Anderson • Nadia Rockwood • Raees Alam Qazi • Sabirhan Hasanoff • Nadir Hamid Soofi • Rafil Dhafir • Sabri Benkahla • Najibullah Zazi • Rahatul Ashikim Khan • Saddam Mohamed Raishani • Narseal Batiste • Rahmat Abdhir • Sadik Monasser Omian • Naser Jason Abdo • Rahmo Kodaimati • Safya Roe Yassin • Nasser Abuali (terrorism unlikely) • Raja Lahrasib Khan • Sahim Alwan • Naturalized Citizenhan Lawwill • Ramy Zamzam • Said Azzam Mohamad Rahim • Naveed Afzal Haq • Randall Blue Chapman (Seifullah) • Said Mohamad Harb • Nemr Ali Rahal • Randall Garett Cole • Sajmir Alimehmeti (Abdul Qawii) • Randall Todd Royer • Salah Osman Ahmed The Research…

• Saleh Elahwal • Syed Hashmi (Fahad) • Yosvany Padilla Conde • Samantha Marie Elhassani • Syed Rizwan Farook • Yousef Mohammed Ramadan • Samer el Debek • Tahmeed Ahmad • Yusuf Abdirizak Wehelie • Sami Osmake (Abdul Samia) • Tairod Webster Pugh • Yusuf Jama • Samih Fadl Jamal • Talha Haroon • Yusuf Rodriguez (Abu Maria al-Mexiki) • Samir Zafar Khan • Tarek Mehanna • Zacharia Yusuf Abdurahman • Samuel Baptiste • Tarik Dowdell (Tarik Shah) • Zachary Adam Chesser (Abu Talhah al-Amrikee) • Samuel J. Crump • Terrence McNeil • Zakaria Boyd • Samuel Rahamin Topaz • Terry L. Loewen • Zakaria Maruf • Samuel Shannahan • Theophilus Burroughs • Zakaryia Abdin • Samy Mohamed Hamzeh • Thomas Bastian • Zakia Nasrin • Samy Mohammed El-Goarany • Timothy Loren McCoy Fleming • Zale H. Thompson • Santos Colon Jr. (Ahmad Shakoor) • Tnuza Jamal Hassan • Zarein Ahmedzay • Sari Abdullah al-Kambodi • Traci Elaine Upshur • Zeinab Taleb-Jedi • Schaeffer Cox • Troy Matthew Kastigar (Abdirahman) • Ziyad Yaghi • Sean Andrew Duncan • Umar Chaudhry • Zoobia Shahnaz • Sebastian Gregerson • Umar Farooq • Zubair Ahmed • Shafal Mosed • Umer Hayat • Zulfi Hoxha ("Abu Hamza al-Amriki") • Shaker Masri • Usaama Abdullah Rahim • Shannon Maureen Conley • Vincente Rafael Pierre (Rafael Upshur) • Sharif Mobley • Walli Mujahidh • Sheheryar Alam Qazi • Waqar Hassan Khan • Shelton Thomas Bell • Wasil Farooqui • Shirwa Ahmed • Wesam El-Hanafi • Shivam Patel • William Krar • Shueyb Mossa Jokan • Yahya Goba • Sinh Vinh Ngo • Yasein Taher • Sister of Mohammed Hamzah Khan • Yaser Esam Hamdi • Sixto Ramiro Garcia (Abdullah Ali) • Yasith Chhun • Sohiel Kabir • Yehuda Abraham • Soufian Amri • Yi Qing Chen • Stanley Grant Phanor • Yonathan Melaku • Sulejmah Hadzovic • Yong Ki Kwon • Sultane Roome Salim Finding Patterns in The Data: A Collection and Comparison of American Citizens Charged/Convicted of Terrorism Since 9/11

• Age at time of crime (M/F) • Military • Allegiance to Domestic Organizations • Official Charges (Top 12) • Allegiance to International • Parents Birth Country Organizations • Prison Location • Awlaki Influence • Profession • Cells/Partners/Lone Wolf • Residence at time of crime (City/State) • Citizenship Type (Birth/Nat) • Sentencing (M/F) • Convert to Islam • Social Status • Crimes Involving Violence • Terrorism Camp • College Education (STEM) • The Terrorist’s Target • FBI • Top Ethnicities of American-Born • Gender Terrorists • Have Children • Weapons Used • Marital Status • Year of Crime (Timeline) • Mental Health Finding Patterns in The Data: A Collection and Comparison of American Citizens Charged/Convicted of Terrorism Since 9/11

• Age at time of crime (M/F) • Military • Allegiance to Domestic Organizations • Official Charges (Top 12) • Allegiance to International • Parents Birth Country Organizations • Prison Location • Awlaki Influence • Profession • Cells/Partners/Lone Wolf • Residence at time of crime (City/State) • Citizenship Type (Birth/Nat) • Sentencing (M/F) • Convert to Islam • Social Status • Crimes Involving Violence • Terrorism Camp • College Education (STEM) • The Terrorist’s Target • FBI • Top Ethnicities of American-Born • Gender Terrorists • Have Children • Weapons Used • Marital Status • Year of Crime (Timeline) • Mental Health Demographic patterns of enlisted terrorist recruits. The Profile Of An American Terrorist

Last Man Standing The 8-marker profile (stems Gender of the American Terrorist from patterns identified) of a terrorist is presented as a game. This is to get people relaxed, and encourage interactive communication. 494 The last man standing has an increased change of becoming radicalized. Participants have many opportunities to “sit” if they do not want to be the last person standing. To Begin. EVERYONE STAND 28

Male Female

“Women are soft, gentle, and innocent” 1. If you are female please sit down.

Gender Sample Size Additional Sources: 1. Sjoberg, L., & Gentry, Male 494 C. E. (Eds.). (2011). Women, gender, and terrorism. University of Georgia Press. Female 28 Total 522 The Profile Of An American Terrorist

2. If you are between“Women are 15 soft, gentle,- 43 and yrs. innocent old” you are more likely to have terrorist aspirations..

Additional Sources: 1. Oots, K. L. (1989). Organizational 478 Males ~80% 15 years old – 43 years old; perspectives on the formation and disintegration of terrorist groups. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 12(3), Male Ave. = 32 years old 139-152. 2. Hughbank, R. J., & Hughbank, D. L. (2008). The application of the social learning theory to domestic 27 Females ~80% 17 years old – 46 years old; terrorist recruitment. SWATdigest. com. Ave. = 35.5 Years old The Profile Of An American Terrorist

#25 Confirmed Unemployed, #9 of those College-Educated Terrorists with a college education, 80% identified STEM fields. 176 S.T.E.M. EDUCATION (#94)

112 Not STEM 36%

STEM 64% Yes No

“Groups like ISIS can be selective, recruits are banging on their doors to join” 3. Educated“Women (increased are soft, gentle, and innocent chances” with unemployment) Keep Standing

Additional Sources: Richardson, C. (2011). Relative Sample Size = #289 deprivation theory in terrorism: A study of higher education and unemployment as predictors of terrorism. College # Terrorists Politics Department, New York University. Russell, C. A., & Miller, B. H. (1977). Profile of a Yes 176 (60%) Terrorist. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1(1), 17-34. No 112 The Profile Of An American Terrorist

Marital Status of Male Terrorists Marital Status and Terrorism

408 420 76 10 1 45

Single Married Divorced Widowed Children

Marital Status of Female Terrorists

16 88 12 11 1 1 0 5 Single Married Divorced Widowed Single Married Divorced Widowed Children

“Women are soft, gentle, and innocent” 4. If you are married sit down.

Additional Sources: Winkates, J. (2006). Suicide terrorism: martyrdom Single 420 80% for organizational objectives. Journal of Third World Studies, 23(1), 87. 2) Pape, R. A. (2003). The strategic logic of suicide terrorism. American Married 88 17% political science review, 97(03), 343-361. 3) Osipov, V., & Ivakin, Y. Divorced 11 2% (2009). Terrorists: Statistical Profile. In Information Fusion and Widowed 1 < 1% Geographic Information Systems (pp. 241-250). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. children 50 10% The Profile Of An American Terrorist

Ciccolo's parents divorced when he was in grade school. He lived with his mother on Cape Cod. He was charged with attempting to commit domestic terrorism.

His mother took him to live in “He played father figure to the Florida, leaving his lost men, providing them with Syrian father jobs, housing, beer and drugs.” behind.

5. If you are raised“Women by are a soft, mother gentle, and innocent or ”grandmother (no father figure) please continue to stand.

Additional Sources: 1)Lombardi, M., Ragab, E., & Chin, V. (Eds.). (2014). Countering radicalization and “Among the 25 most-cited school shooters since violent extremism among youth to prevent Columbine, 75 percent were reared in broken homes.” terrorism (Vol. 118). IOS Press. 2)Gerstenfeld, P. B., & Grant, D. R. (2004). Crimes of hate: Selected (Kao, Emilie, (2018) The Crisis of Fatherless Shooters.) readings. Sage. The Profile Of An American Terrorist

Social Class (#248) “The poor are too busy surviving to get caught up “A 1977 study of terrorist profiles which with terrorism” supported the conclusion that terrorists 120 are generally middle or upper class”

46 46

25 2 9

Upper Class Upper Middle Middle Working Class/Blue Unemployed Student Class/professional Class/Professional Collar

“Women are soft, gentle, and innocent” 6. If you come from a poor family sit down. “Groups like ISIS can be selective, recruits are banging on their doors to join”

Additional Sources: 1) Mitra, S. (2008). Poverty and terrorism. Economics of Peace and Security Journal, 3(2), 57-61. 2) Han, C., Janmaat, J. G., Hoskins, All other B., & Green, A. (2012). Perceptions of inequalities: Implications for social Classes, Working cohesion. London: Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies 3)Burgoon, B. (2004). On welfare and terror social 103, 46% (lower) welfare policies and politicaleconomic roots of terrorism. Amsterdam Class, … School for Social Science The Profile Of An American Terrorist

Parent's Home Country

153

37 28191612111010 9 7 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

7. If you live in aIdentified country/location Ethnicity of US Born 2+ Generations different from your place of origin keep standing.

Additional Sources: Dr, Olivia Stone, 1. Choi, S. W. (2010). N = 495 Fighting terrorism through the rule of law?. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2) Ginges, J. (1997). Deterring the terrorist: A 113 68 13 4 psychological evaluation of different strategies for deterring terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence,9(1), 170-185. Naturalized U.S. Born The Profile Of An American Terrorist

This map depicts the countries of origin for 474 non US born parents of men and women that have been charged with terrorist acts that were committed in the United States of America since 2001. The map excludes 302 American born parents and due to data availability, does not represent a complete data set. The map also excludes 256 parents of unknown or vague decent, Dr Olivia Stone Bphty PhD APAM.

7. If you live in aIdentified country/location Ethnicity of US Born 2+ Generations different from your place of origin keep standing.

“People who are more open to terrorist Terror alert as recruitment and radicalization tend to: boy pilot flies Feel angry, alienated or disenfranchised.” plane into skyscraper! Deangelis, Tori (2009), Understanding Terrorism, Vol 40, No. 10

“Many found the radicalized individuals “The young man Charles Bishop is best to have feelings of anger and hatred.” described as a young man who had very Aarten, Pauline ( 2017), The Narrative of few friends and was very much a loner ... Victimization and Deradicalization: An Expert View. a troubled young man.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 41

8. Lastly, are you“Women isolated, are soft, gentle, and angry innocent” or do you feel victimized?

Additional Sources: 1) Ozeren, S., & Gunes, I. D. (2007). Introduction: Sociological and Psychological Aspects of Terrorism. NATO Security Through Science Series E Human and Societal Dynamics, 22, 1. 2) Staub, E. (2007). Preventing violence and terrorism and promoting positive relations between Dutch and Muslim communities in Amsterdam. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 13(3), 333-360. 3)Richards, J. (2007). Terrorism in Europe: The local aspects of a global threat. JihadMonitor. org. 4) Mills, G., & Herbst, J. (2007). Africa, Terrorism and AFRICOM. The RUSI Journal, 152(2), 40-45. What Can We Do?

Fighting terrorism in our community, neighborhood, in our schools and our homes.

Global Problems

Poverty, Pollution, and World Peace Do you have colleagues, students, friends, or family members that would still be standing? If so what are things you can do to help them?

1. If you are not male, please sit down. 2. If you are younger than 17, or older than 33 please sit down. (Encourage them to join productive groups) 3. Are you Educated (increased chances with unemployment)? Keep standing. (Work on CV/Resume with them, help them find employment, offer encouragement) 4. If you are married or have a female partner sit down. (Be a good friend/mentor and do not be afraid to call address bad behavior) 4. Were raised by a mother or grandmother (no male father figure) keep standing. (Be that father or big brother figure) 6. If you come from a low income family sit down. (help find aid, scholarships, refer to #3) 7. If you live in a country/location different from your place of origin keep standing. (Talk to them about their country, norms, games…and tell them about yours) 8. Lastly, are you isolated, angry, or feel victimized? (Be a friend, mentor, suggest help) Finding Patterns in The Data: A Collection and Comparison of American Citizens Charged/Convicted of Terrorism Since 9/11

• Age at time of crime (M/F) • Military • Allegiance to Domestic Organizations • Official Charges (Top 12) • Allegiance to International • Parents Birth Country Organizations • Prison Location • Awlaki Influence • Profession • Cells/Partners • Residence at time of crime (City/State) • Citizenship Type (Birth/Nat) • Sentencing (M/F) • Convert to Islam • Social Status • Crimes Involving Violence • Terrorism Camp • College Education (STEM) • The Terrorist’s Target • FBI • Top Ethnicities of American-Born • Gender Terrorists • Have Children • Weapons Used • Marital Status • Year of Crime (Timeline) • Mental Health While not significant for the profile, they are qualities of interest. Allegiance to Domestic Organizations

Domestic Organizations: Terrorists Aligned with Domestic • White Supremacist (WS) Organizations • The Revolutionary People’s Group (RPG) • The Sovereign Citizens Movement 7 (SCM) 6 6 • The Jewish Defense League (JDL) # Terrorists # 3 3 • Jam’iyyat Ul-Islam Is-Saheeh (JIS) 2 2 1 1 • Anti-Government (AG) • Right Wing/Anti Govt (RW) WS RPP SCM JDL JIS AG RW NSM Nazi Domestic Organizations • The National Socialist Movement (NSM) • Nazi

Interesting • Only two of the terrorists aligned with Domestic groups are Facts: female. • JIS started in a Prison. Allegiance to International Organizations

International Organizations: • Tamil Tigers( TT) • Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS/ISIL) • Tehrik-e-Taliban (TeT) • Al-Qaeda (AQ) • Al-Shabaab (AS) • Taliban (T) International Terror Organizations • Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LT) • Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) • Jabhat al-Nusra aka Nusra Front (AN) 107 • (JMJD) • Hezballah (HEZ) 82 • (AQI) • Hamas (H) • Mujahideen (M) • Al Fuqra (AF) 33 30 • Ansar al-Islam; Jaish-e-Mohammed (AIJEM) 14 12 6 6 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

• Al Haramain Islamic Foundation (HIF)

AS AF

• AN

Islamic American Relief Agency (IARA) AQ

HIF

ICU

TeT

AQI

HEZ

ISIS

PGG

IARA

IRGC

JMJD AQAP • Islamic Courts Union (ICU) AIJEM • Palestinian guerrilla group (PGG) • Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)

Interesting • Al-Qaeda has been a known terror organization for 18 years, Facts: ISIS has been around for ~ 5years. Anwar Awlaki Influence

94 U.S. Terrorists…

18% of the American males convicted of acts related to terrorism were in possession of CDs, email correspondence, or were found with Awlaki YouTube videos in their internet history.

Interesting • Killed by US drone in 2011. Facts: Cells/Partners

• 2003 Virginia Jihad Cell (9 Members) • Miami Liberty Seven Cell (7 Members) • Alabama Free Militia (Naval Militia) • Newburgh Four (Prison Cell, 4 Members) (5 Members) • NY Terror Cell (5 Members) • Alaska Cell (5 Members) • Revolutionary People’s Group (6 Members) • Boston Terror Cell (3 Members) • The Portland Seven cell (7 Members) • Columbus Terror Cell (4 Members • Toledo Terror Cell (6 Members) • D.C. Five or Pakistani Five Cell • Torrance Four/Jam’iyyat Ul-Islam Is-Saheeh (5 Members) (JIS) (Prison Cell, 3 Members) • Florida cell (5 Members) Partners Cells Lone Wolf • Fort Dix plot (6 Members) • Hutaree/Anti Govt. (3 of the Members) 19% • ISIS NY Cell (3 Members) • JDL Florida Cell (4 Members) • Jihadist Cell/ISIS (3 Members) 62% 19% • Lackawanna Six or Buffalo Six Cell (6 Members)

Interesting A lone wolf, lone-wolf terrorist, or lone actor, is someone Facts: who prepares and commits violent acts alone, outside of any command structure and without material Convert to Islam

Converted to Islam

186

151

yes no

Interesting Facts: • Sample size 337 Crimes Involving Violence

Crime Involved Violence

226

Yes No

Interesting Facts: • Sample size 318 FBI Involvement

FBI INVOLVEMENT

No 36%

Yes 64%

Interesting Facts: • Sample size 242 Mental Health

Only 11% of the American males convicted of acts related to terrorism were diagnosed with mental illness.

Interesting Facts: • 58 of 520 Military

Military Terrorists Military experience 19 (N=32) 8%

9 # Terrrorists #

“DHS is concerned that 5 right-wing extremists will 3 1 attempt to recruit and Army Marines Navy Army National Air Force radicalize veterans in Guard Military Branch order to boost their violent capacities”

Interesting • 8%, 32 terrorists Facts: • VETERANS…Homeland Security Classifies Returning US Veterans as Potential Terrorist Threat Official Charges (Top 12)

Murder Terrorism Money Laundering Making False Statements Conspire to Levy War Against the US Obstruction of Justice Material Support WMD/CBRNe (inc. bomb) Attempt to join a terror org Attempt murder/Conspire to kill (murder) Assault Weapons

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Interesting Rarely are men and women charged with Terrorism, as you can Facts: see here Material Support, Attempted Murder, Attempt to join a terror organization and CBRNe are the top 4 official charges. Prison Locations

I would like to see if there is possible relationship between the prisons Interesting housing terrorists and the residence of terrorists. Could the prisons be Facts: meccas for terrorist wannabes? Phase 2 of work is to visit the prisons and interview the terrorist. Terrorism Residence

Where the Terrorist Resided At the Time of the Crime

45 40 37 35 30 29 24 21 18 18 15 13 11 11

10 9 9 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

AL LA

TX KY

MN NM MO

• Ohio is #6 in the country. Interesting Facts: Sentencing

Male Terrorists Sentencing (did not kill or injure anyone)

28 Average Sentence 22 13 years 19 18 16 15

# Terrorists # 13 13 10 9 9 7 7 8 3 7 7 2 4 2 8 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 30 32 35 40 45 48 65 SenTENCE LENGTH

Female Terrorists Sentencing (did not kill or injure anyone) Average Sentence

20 19 8 years

10 10 9 8 8 5 4 3 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Terrorism Camps

Terrorism Training Camps

Saudi Arabia Libya Lebanon Yemen Afghanistan Afghanistan/Pakistan Somalia Pakistan Syria

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TERRORISM TRAINING CAMP

Attended 28%

Did not attend 72% The Terrorist’s Targets

Terror Targets (#138)

17 16

11 10 9 8

5 5 4 4 1 1 Weapons Used

Weapons

120

60 52

8 6 2 2 1 1 Terror Timeline

Terror Timeline

42 42 42 43

33 33 30 27 25 23 23 22 19 16 12 8 7

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Ohio Terrorism N=30

Aaron Travis Daniels (Harun Muhammad, Fawaz Mohammed Damrah (Fawaz Damra) Abu Yusef) Hor I. Akl Abdifatah Aden Iyman Faris Abdirahman Sheik Mohamud Jaffrey Khan Ahmed Hussein Mahamud Joshua S. Stafford Amera Akl Marwan Othman El-Hindi Anthony M. Hayne Mohammad Zaki Amawi Ashraf Alzaim (Ashraf Zaim) Munir Abdulkadir Abdulkader Asif Ahmed Salim Rasel Raihan Bilal Mazloum (Abu Abdullah al-Amriki) Brandon L. Baxter Robert McCullum Christopher Lee Cornell (Raheel Mahrus (Amir Said Abdul Rahman Al-Ghazi) Ubaydah) Sultane Roome Salim Christopher Paul Terrence McNeil Clifford L. Cousins Zakia Nasrin Conner C. Stevens Dahir Gurey Sheikh Ali Guled Demetrius Pitts (Abdur Raheem Rafiq) Douglas Wright Ohio Terrorists

Where in Ohio Did They Live?

Ohio Terror Timeline OHIO CITIZENSHIP 7 6

5 Naturalized Citizen 4 36% 3

2 U.S. Born 1 Citizen 64% 0 2002 2003 2006 2009 2010 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2018 Ohio Terrorists

Mental Prison Age Married Children College Military Health Alwaki Length

Ohio 30 17% 10% 17% 0% 13% 10% 15 years

U.S. 32 17% 10% 60% 8% 11% 10% 13 years

Allegiance # Terrorists Lisbon, OH AN 2 Low Security AQ 9 Federal Correctional Hanad Mustafe Musse Institution AS 2 Lisbon, OH Hezbollah 2 Low Security ISIS 8 Federal Correctional RPP 6 Christopher Paul Institution Columbus, Ohio Iyman Faris

"On any given day, Iyman Faris appeared to be a hard-working, independent truck driver.”

“KSM told his interrogators the target was the 116-year-old Brooklyn Bridge” Ohio terrorism Naturalized Citizen 2002 Columbus, Ohio Christopher Paul (aka Paul Kenyatta Laws, Abdulmalek Kenyatta)

“…travel to Afghanistan in the early 1990s to train in terror camps, he returned to Columbus with the intent to build and train his own terror cell.”

Columbus State Community College Ohio terrorism Born in the USA 2002 Columbus, Ohio Clifford L. Cousins

• He was 37 years old. • He has a ninth grade education • He has a son and a daughter, born out of wedlock. • Admits to being abused by his father • A history of being under the care of mental health professionals • The defendant’s education was interrupted when he was expelled from the Cleveland Public Schools for assaulting a principal. (The defendant declares that he is able to read and write in English and is fluent in Arabic.) Ohio terrorism Born in the USA 2003 Cleveland, Ohio Fawaz Damrah

Fawaz Mohammed Damrah was the Imam in Cleveland and University lecturer.

Allegiance: Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Sami Al- Arian's organization

“The first principle is that terrorism, and Ohio terrorism alone, is the path to liberation” terrorism Naturalized Citizen 2003 Toledo, Ohio Mohammad Zaki Amawi, Marwan Othman El-Hindi, and Wassim Mazloum

“…provide material support to terrorists in Iraq and engage in violent jihad in their home town, as well as making verbal threats against the President of the United States.” Ohio terrorism 2006 Toledo, Ohio Ashraf Alzaim and Bilal Mazloum

Gregory A. White, United States Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio

Bilal Mazloum, the brother of defendant Wassim I. Mazloum, with making a false statement to federal agents during the investigation of the terrorism case.

El-Hindi (previous slide) and Ashraf Zaim (aka Ashraf Alzaim), the owner of AZ Travel & Services were charges with conspiracy to defraud the Internal Revenue Service and The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, theft of government funds, and wire fraud, all relative to a $40,000 federal grant they Ashraf Zaim received in 2002. Ohio terrorism 2006 Toledo, Ohio Asif Ahmed Salim & Sultane Roome Salim Asif Salim is an Ohio State University graduate charged with conspiracy to provide al- Awlaki with approximately $29,000 to commit terrorist acts.

Mr. Salim's brother, Sultane Roome Salim, 41, of Columbus, also is charged in the conspiracy.

Ohio, April 13, 2018 : Two Muslims used university to conceal terror financing

Ohio terrorism 2009 Columbus, Ohio Dahir Gurey Sheikh Ali Guled

"Somali American From Columbus Ohio Al-Shabaab commander Dahir Gurey Sheikh Ali Guled Killed In Somalia Shootout .”

Gurey, a truck driver, had previously been arrested in Ethiopia but was released because he was a U.S. citizen. He then returned to Ohio, but was allowed by Homeland Security officials to leave the country again Ohio to join Al-Shabaab sometime in the past year. terrorism Naturalized Citizen 2010 Westerville, Ohio Ahmed Hussein Mahamud

He was charged in an indictment, unsealed in June 2011, with providing material support to al-Shabaab

Parent’s country of birth: Somalia

Ohio terrorism Naturalized Citizen 2011 Cleveland, Ohio Amera and Hor Akl

Hor was indicted because he “did knowingly combine, conspire, and agree” to aid the terrorist group Hezbollah.

They sent money and supplies to Hezbollah.

He received a 75-month sentence, and ten years supervision.

Amera was given a 40-month sentence. Ohio terrorism Naturalized Citizens 2011 Cleveland, Ohio Brandon Baxter, Anthony Hayne, Joshua Stafford, Connor Stevens, and Douglas Wright

Ohio terrorism Born in the USA 2012 Columbus, Ohio Abdifatah Aden

Aden lived in Columbus, Ohio, from 2005 to 2013 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 2006.

Aden posted videos and quotes by Islamic extremist lecturer Anwar al-Awlaki.

His little brother was Abdirahman Sheik Mohamud.

Ohio terrorism Naturalized Citizen 2014 Columbus, Ohio Jaffrey Khan, Rasel Raihan & Zakia Nasrin

24-year-old Jaffrey, a troubled young man who had struggled in school and in life joined ISIS with his wife and 18-year-old brother- in-law

Zakia graduated with a 4.0 average and was named one of 26 valedictorians in the Class of From left to right, Jaffrey Khan, Rasel Raihan and Zakia Nasrin 2010. After a cancer-research internship that summer, she was When Rasel wasn't hitting the supposed to start at Ohio State. books and getting straight A's, Ohio Rasel was playing computer games. terrorism Naturalized Citizens 2014 Columbus, Ohio Abdirahman Sheik Mohamud

Abdirahman Sheik Mohamud, 23, U.S citizen born in Somalia, and traveled last year to Syria where he met up with the Nusra Front. The goal was to follow in his big brother's footsteps.

Ohio "I'm chilling in Istanbul" terrorism Naturalized Citizen 2015 Cincinnati, Ohio Christopher Cornell (Raheel Mahrus Ubaydah)

If he ever gets out of jail, the 20-year-old Green Township man accused of plotting to plant pipe bombs in the U.S. Capitol.

“would put bullets in President Obama's head”

Allegiance: ISIS/ISIL Acted Alone

Ohio Christopher Cornell, 20 terrorism Born in the USA 2015 Cincinnati, Ohio Christopher Cornell

Aspirational terrorists

Do not fit into society Akron, Ohio Terrence McNeil

McNeil posted online

McNeil professed his support on social media on numerous occasions for ISIS.

McNeil allegedly posted the address of the Navy Seal he believed killed Osama Bin Laden in 2011.

Allegiance: ISIS/ISIL, Acted Alone FEBRUARY 25, 2017 - He rejected a plea deal and Ohio is heading to trial terrorism Born in the USA 2015 Columbus, Ohio Aaron Travis Daniels (Harun Muhammad, Abu Yusef)

Daniels met with an ISIS recruiter in December 2015 and sent funds to ISIS in order to “show his worth” to an ISIS recruiter.

Ohio terrorism Born in the USA 2016 West Chester, Ohio Munir Abdulkader

Munir Abdulkader, 21, of West Chester, Ohio Pleads Guilty to Plot to Attack U.S. Government Officers. Acted Alone

Allegiance: ISIS

Ohio terrorism Naturalized Citizen 2016 Columbus, Ohio Robert McCullum (Amir Said Abdul Rahman Al-Ghazi)

Abdul Rahman Al-Ghazi. Al-Ghazi legally changed his name from Robert McCollum in 2015. He swore allegiance to the leader of ISIS and tried to recruit others.

He was arrested after allegedly buying an AK-47 from an undercover agent to use in propaganda videos, according to a criminal complaint.

A.45-caliber handgun, an ISIS flag and a sword was found at his home

Ohio terrorism Born in the USA 2016 .” Qaida. -

Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Pitts bragged about planned mass casualties for the most 2018

Raheem Rafiq, Raheem Rafiq, American of holidays. Abdur Pitts bragged about planned bragged Pitts the most for casualties mass of holidays. American allegedly plotting an attack in an attack plotting allegedly 48, of Maple Heights, Ohio, for for 48, of Maple Ohio, Heights, The FBI arrested Demetrius Pitts, Pitts, Demetrius The arrested FBI Cleveland al on Cleveland July 4 for " also known asalso known Born in the USA Born

Ohio Ohio Demetrius Pitts (Abdur Demetrius Raheem Rafiq)Pitts (Abdur terrorism terrorism Cleveland, Ohio Alaa Mohd Abusaad

Alaa Mohd Abusaad was charged with attempting to provide material support and resources to al Qaeda and aiding and abetting others,

Beginning in February 2018, while living in Birmingham, Abusaad made contact with an FBI undercover agent through a mobile- messaging app and instructed the agent on how to send money to al-Qaeda fighters in Syria.

Ohio terrorism 2018 Dayton, Ohio Naser Almadaoji

• 19 Year old from Beavercreek. • He is an Iraqi-born, naturalized U.S. citizen. • Sister is a WSU student. • Interested in studying mechanical engineering. • He used an Internet messaging application to communicate with an FBI source posing as an ISIS supporter, the complaint states. • He is accused of sending a video of himself pledging his allegiance to ISIS leader Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi. Ohio terrorism 2018 Questions?

All work in this presentation was completed by Terry Oroszi