Suncus Lixus – Greater Dwarf Shrew
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Convergent Evolution of Olfactory and Thermoregulatory Capacities in Small Amphibious Mammals
Convergent evolution of olfactory and thermoregulatory capacities in small amphibious mammals Quentin Martineza,1, Julien Clavelb,c, Jacob A. Esselstynd,e, Anang S. Achmadif, Camille Grohég,h, Nelly Piroti,j, and Pierre-Henri Fabrea,k aInstitut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM), CNRS, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier (UM), UMR 5554, 34095 Montpellier, France; bDepartment of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, SW7 5DB London, United Kingdom; cUniv. Lyon Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR CNRS 5023, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’État (ENTPE), F‐69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France; dMuseum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; eDepartment of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; fMuseum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), 16911 Cibinong, Indonesia; gDivision of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; hLaboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM, UMR 7262, CNRS-Institut écologie et environnement [INEE]), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France; iInstitut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, U1194 UM, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France; jRéseau d’Histologie Expérimentale de Montpellier, UMS3426 CNRS-US009 INSERM-UM, 34298 Montpellier, France; and kMammal Section, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, SW7 5DB London, United Kingdom Edited by David B. Wake, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved February 28, 2020 (received for review October 11, 2019) Olfaction and thermoregulation are key functions for mammals. The partitioning has been documented in histological, airflow dynamic, former is critical to feeding, mating, and predator avoidance behaviors, and performance test studies (9–13). -
1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals
The lUCN Species Survival Commission 1994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre PADU - MGs COPY DO NOT REMOVE lUCN The World Conservation Union lo-^2^ 1994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals lUCN WORLD CONSERVATION Tile World Conservation Union species susvival commission monitoring centre WWF i Suftanate of Oman 1NYZ5 TTieWlLDUFE CONSERVATION SOCIET'' PEOPLE'S TRISr BirdLife 9h: KX ENIUNGMEDSPEaES INTERNATIONAL fdreningen Chicago Zoulog k.J SnuicTy lUCN - The World Conservation Union lUCN - The World Conservation Union brings together States, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organisations in a unique world partnership: some 770 members in all, spread across 123 countries. - As a union, I UCN exists to serve its members to represent their views on the world stage and to provide them with the concepts, strategies and technical support they need to achieve their goals. Through its six Commissions, lUCN draws together over 5000 expert volunteers in project teams and action groups. A central secretariat coordinates the lUCN Programme and leads initiatives on the conservation and sustainable use of the world's biological diversity and the management of habitats and natural resources, as well as providing a range of services. The Union has helped many countries to prepare National Conservation Strategies, and demonstrates the application of its knowledge through the field projects it supervises. Operations are increasingly decentralised and are carried forward by an expanding network of regional and country offices, located principally in developing countries. I UCN - The World Conservation Union seeks above all to work with its members to achieve development that is sustainable and that provides a lasting Improvement in the quality of life for people all over the world. -
Northern Cape Provincial Gazette Vol 15 No
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Northern Short−Tailed Shrew (Blarina Brevicauda)
FIELD GUIDE TO NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS Northern Short−tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda) ORDER: Insectivora FAMILY: Soricidae Blarina sp. − summer coat Credit: painting by Nancy Halliday from Kays and Wilson's Northern Short−tailed Shrews have poisonous saliva. This enables Mammals of North America, © Princeton University Press them to kill mice and larger prey and paralyze invertebrates such as (2002) snails and store them alive for later eating. The shrews have very limited vision, and rely on a kind of echolocation, a series of ultrasonic "clicks," to make their way around the tunnels and burrows they dig. They nest underground, lining their nests with vegetation and sometimes with fur. They do not hibernate. Their day is organized around highly active periods lasting about 4.5 minutes, followed by rest periods that last, on average, 24 minutes. Population densities can fluctuate greatly from year to year and even crash, requiring several years to recover. Winter mortality can be as high as 90 percent in some areas. Fossils of this species are known from the Pliocene, and fossils representing other, extinct species of the genus Blarina are even older. Also known as: Short−tailed Shrew, Mole Shrew Sexual Dimorphism: Males may be slightly larger than females. Length: Range: 118−139 mm Weight: Range: 18−30 g http://www.mnh.si.edu/mna 1 FIELD GUIDE TO NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva) ORDER: Insectivora FAMILY: Soricidae Least Shrews have a repertoire of tiny calls, audible to human ears up to a distance of only 20 inches or so. Nests are of leaves or grasses in some hidden place, such as on the ground under a cabbage palm leaf or in brush. -
Dwarf Shrew Found in Rocky Mountain National Park
Dwarf Shrew found in Rocky Mountain National Park BY ERIN MUTHS was considerably decayed when weighed. Acknowledgments he dwarf shrew (Sorex nanus) is From these measurements, I determined the Thanks to Dave Armstrong, University one of the smallest mammals specimen to be Sorex nanus. The specimen was of Colorado, for help with identification; in the world and is the small- also examined by D. Armstrong (University Therese Johnson, Craig Axtell, and Jeff est mammal in the southern of Colorado) and compared to a confirmed Connor at Rocky Mountain National Park TRocky Mountains (Armstrong 1987; Sorex monticolus specimen; this shrew was and Steve Corn, USGS Biological Re- Fitzgerald et. al 1994). Rocky Mountain smaller in all dimensions. Based on measure- sources Division, for encouragement and National Park (Colorado) currently has no ments and direct comparison my identifica- support. P S information of the dwarf shrew occurring tion as Sorex nanus was confirmed. in the park although Estes Park is the type Dwarf shrews are primarily montane in locality (Armstrong 1987) for this species. distribution and have been collected from Literature cited The holotype was collected by E. A. Preble rock slides and spruce-fir bogs (Brown Armstrong, D. A. 1987. Rocky Mountain mammals, a in 1895 at “Estes Park” and could easily 1967), alpine tundra (Hoffman and Taber handbook of mammals of Rocky Mountain National Park and vicinity, Colorado. Revised have been taken at a location now within 1960; Hoffmann and Pattie 1967), and edition. Colorado Associated University Press, the park boundaries. Additionally, shrews marsh and forest clear-cut (Spencer and Boulder. -
Chapter 15 the Mammals of Angola
Chapter 15 The Mammals of Angola Pedro Beja, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Luís Veríssimo, Elena Bersacola, Ezequiel Fabiano, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Ara Monadjem, Pedro Monterroso, Magdalena S. Svensson, and Peter John Taylor Abstract Scientific investigations on the mammals of Angola started over 150 years ago, but information remains scarce and scattered, with only one recent published account. Here we provide a synthesis of the mammals of Angola based on a thorough survey of primary and grey literature, as well as recent unpublished records. We present a short history of mammal research, and provide brief information on each species known to occur in the country. Particular attention is given to endemic and near endemic species. We also provide a zoogeographic outline and information on the conservation of Angolan mammals. We found confirmed records for 291 native species, most of which from the orders Rodentia (85), Chiroptera (73), Carnivora (39), and Cetartiodactyla (33). There is a large number of endemic and near endemic species, most of which are rodents or bats. The large diversity of species is favoured by the wide P. Beja (*) CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CEABN-InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] P. Vaz Pinto Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] L. Veríssimo Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola e-mail: [email protected] E. -
Zimbabwe Zambia Malawi Species Checklist Africa Vegetation Map
ZIMBABWE ZAMBIA MALAWI SPECIES CHECKLIST AFRICA VEGETATION MAP BIOMES DeserT (Namib; Sahara; Danakil) Semi-deserT (Karoo; Sahel; Chalbi) Arid SAvannah (Kalahari; Masai Steppe; Ogaden) Grassland (Highveld; Abyssinian) SEYCHELLES Mediterranean SCruB / Fynbos East AFrican Coastal FOrest & SCruB DrY Woodland (including Mopane) Moist woodland (including Miombo) Tropical Rainforest (Congo Basin; upper Guinea) AFrO-Montane FOrest & Grassland (Drakensberg; Nyika; Albertine rift; Abyssinian Highlands) Granitic Indian Ocean IslandS (Seychelles) INTRODUCTION The idea of this booklet is to enable you, as a Wilderness guest, to keep a detailed record of the mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians that you observe during your travels. It also serves as a compact record of your African journey for future reference that hopefully sparks interest in other wildlife spheres when you return home or when travelling elsewhere on our fragile planet. Although always exciting to see, especially for the first-time Africa visitor, once you move beyond the cliché of the ‘Big Five’ you will soon realise that our wilderness areas offer much more than certain flagship animal species. Africa’s large mammals are certainly a big attraction that one never tires of, but it’s often the smaller mammals, diverse birdlife and incredible reptiles that draw one back again and again for another unparalleled visit. Seeing a breeding herd of elephant for instance will always be special but there is a certain thrill in seeing a Lichtenstein’s hartebeest, cheetah or a Lilian’s lovebird – to name but a few. As a globally discerning traveller, look beyond the obvious, and challenge yourself to learn as much about all wildlife aspects and the ecosystems through which you will travel on your safari. -
Molecular Phylogenetics of Shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) Reveal Timing of Transcontinental Colonizations
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2007) 126–137 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogenetics of shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) reveal timing of transcontinental colonizations Sylvain Dubey a,*, Nicolas Salamin a, Satoshi D. Ohdachi b, Patrick Barrie`re c, Peter Vogel a a Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland b Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan c Laboratoire Ecobio UMR 6553, CNRS, Universite´ de Rennes 1, Station Biologique, F-35380, Paimpont, France Received 4 July 2006; revised 8 November 2006; accepted 7 December 2006 Available online 19 December 2006 Abstract We sequenced 2167 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b and 16S, and 1390 bp of nuclear genes BRCA1 and ApoB in shrews taxa (Eulipotyphla, family Soricidae). The aim was to study the relationships at higher taxonomic levels within this family, and in particular the position of difficult clades such as Anourosorex and Myosorex. The data confirmed two monophyletic subfamilies, Soric- inae and Crocidurinae. In the former, the tribes Anourosoricini, Blarinini, Nectogalini, Notiosoricini, and Soricini were supported. The latter was formed by the tribes Myosoricini and Crocidurini. The genus Suncus appeared to be paraphyletic and included Sylvisorex.We further suggest a biogeographical hypothesis, which shows that North America was colonized by three independent lineages of Soricinae during middle Miocene. Our hypothesis is congruent with the first fossil records for these taxa. Using molecular dating, the first exchang- es between Africa and Eurasia occurred during the middle Miocene. The last one took place in the Late Miocene, with the dispersion of the genus Crocidura through the old world. -
Mammals of Colorado, Second Edition
1 Environments of Colorado Mammals are a familiar and important component of understand the distribution and abundance of mammals Earth’s biodiversity. Biodiversity is the kinds of organisms and the details of their daily lives we must fi rst understand and their genetic and ecological relationships—an evolu- the resource base, the mosaic of Colorado’s environments tionary and ecological phenomenon in space and time (E. in space and time. Wilson 1992). The mammalian fauna of Colorado is a fas- cinating piece of that whole. To understand the diversity of mammals we need to have a perspective of the ecosphere more generally. Such a perspective is the purpose of this Geography chapter, with a focus on environments of Colorado. Colorado is known for its scenic beauty—from majes- From the standpoint of political geography, Colorado is tic mountain peaks and rushing white rivers tumbling simple: it is roughly rectangular (if we neglect some minor down dark canyons, to red-rock deserts and ceaselessly old surveyors’ errors and the fact that Earth is spherical), shifting sand dunes, to the expansive sweep of the short- measuring approximately 607 km by 444 km (377 by 276 grass prairie. Grandeur is wherever we stop to appreciate mi.) and encompassing some 270,000 km2 (104,000 sq. mi.). it, at every scale, from canyons carved in crystalline rocks Colorado lies between approximately 102° and 109° west 2 billion years old, to bold peaks sculpted by the glaciers longitude and 37° and 41° north latitude, and is subdi- of the last Ice Age, to last night’s furtive trail of a mouse vided into 64 counties (Map 1-1). -
Talpa Europaea), Captured in Central Poland in August 2013
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Isolation and partial characterization of a highly divergent lineage of hantavirus Received: 25 October 2015 Accepted: 18 January 2016 from the European mole (Talpa Published: 19 February 2016 europaea) Se Hun Gu1, Mukesh Kumar1, Beata Sikorska2, Janusz Hejduk3, Janusz Markowski3, Marcin Markowski4, Paweł P. Liberski2 & Richard Yanagihara1 Genetically distinct hantaviruses have been identified in five species of fossorial moles (order Eulipotyphla, family Talpidae) from Eurasia and North America. Here, we report the isolation and partial characterization of a highly divergent hantavirus, named Nova virus (NVAV), from lung tissue of a European mole (Talpa europaea), captured in central Poland in August 2013. Typical hantavirus-like particles, measuring 80–120 nm in diameter, were found in NVAV-infected Vero E6 cells by transmission electron microscopy. Whole-genome sequences of the isolate, designated NVAV strain Te34, were identical to that amplified from the original lung tissue, and phylogenetic analysis of the full-length L, M and S segments, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that NVAV was most closely related to hantaviruses harbored by insectivorous bats, consistent with an ancient evolutionary origin. Infant Swiss Webster mice, inoculated with NVAV by the intraperitoneal route, developed weight loss and hyperactivity, beginning at 16 days, followed by hind-limb paralysis and death. High NVAV RNA copies were detected in lung, liver, kidney, spleen and brain by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Neuropathological examination showed astrocytic and microglial activation and neuronal loss. The first mole-borne hantavirus isolate will facilitate long-overdue studies on its infectivity and pathogenic potential in humans. -
Dwarf Shrew (Sorex Nanus) Predicted Suitable Habitat Modeling
Dwarf Shrew (Sorex nanus) Predicted Suitable Habitat Modeling Distribution Status: Resident Year Round State Rank: S2S3 (Species of Concern) Global Rank: G4 Modeling Overview Created by: Braden Burkholder Creation Date: January 05, 2017 Evaluator: Braden Burkholder Evaluation Date: January 06, 2017 Inductive Model Goal: To predict the distribution and relative suitability of general year-round habitat at large spatial scales across the species’ known range in Montana. Inductive Model Performance: The model appears to adequately reflect the distribution of Dwarf Shrew general year-round habitat suitability at larger spatial scales across the species’ known range in Montana. Evaluation metrics suggest an acceptable model fit. The delineation of habitat suitability classes is accurate after minor adjustments due to low data volume. Deductive Model Goal: To represent the ecological systems commonly and occasionally associated with this species year-round, across the species’ known range in Montana. Deductive Model Performance: Ecological systems that this species is commonly and occasionally associated with appear to adequately represent the amount of suitable habitat for Dwarf Shrew across the species’ known range in Montana. Suggested Citation: Montana Natural Heritage Program. 2017. Dwarf Shrew (Sorex nanus) predicted suitable habitat models created on January 05, 2017. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. 15 pp. Montana Field Guide Species Account: http://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AMABA01130 page 1 of 15 Dwarf Shrew (Sorex nanus) Predicted Suitable Habitat Modeling January 05, 2017 Inductive Modeling Model Limitations and Suggested Uses This model is based on statewide biotic and abiotic layers originally mapped at a variety of spatial scales and standardized to 90×90 meter raster pixels. -
Suncus Infinitesimus – Least Dwarf Shrew
Suncus infinitesimus – Least Dwarf Shrew habitats. It is common and can be overlooked due to its small size. It is present in several protected areas and there is no evidence for net population decline. Thus we evaluate the species as Least Concern. However, we caution that, pending molecular research, the species may be split into several species and most likely represents one or more endemic taxa. This requires reassessment once the taxonomy has been resolved. Key interventions include protected area expansion of moist grassland and riverine woodland habitats, as well as providing incentives for landowners to sustain natural vegetation around wetlands and keep livestock or wildlife at ecological carrying capacity. Cliff & Suretha Dorse Regional population effects: There is a disjunct distribution between populations in the assessment region Regional Red List status (2016) Least Concern* and the rest of its range. This species is also a poor disperser. Thus there is not suspected to be a significant National Red List status (2004) Data Deficient rescue effect. Reasons for change Non-genuine change: Change in risk tolerance Distribution The Least Dwarf Shrew has a seemingly wide African Global Red List status (2008) Least Concern distribution: It is found in South Africa and Kenya (Rumruti TOPS listing (NEMBA) None and Rongai), with additional isolated records from Central African Republic and Cameroon. It possibly occurs in CITES listing None Uganda, however, this needs to be confirmed. Thus, it has Endemic Near a disjunct distribution between the South African population and populations in east and central Africa. *Watch-list Data Additionally, it is thought to be a species complex and As the colloquial name indicates, this is the molecular research may reveal the South African smallest of the dwarf shrews (Suncus) within the population to be an endemic species.