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Gender in the Portugal Research Arena: a Case Study in European Leadership

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Gender in the Portugal Research Arena: a Case Study in European Leadership Gender in the Portugal Research Arena: A Case Study in European Leadership Analytical Services Foreword With this report, Elsevier offers an insightful look into how Portugal is advancing regarding the situation of women and men in research. At the same time, this work points to persisting gender gaps in research that require stronger transformative efforts and reveals how these gaps tend to mimic and perpetuate structural inequalities between women and men. The report shows how Portugal has come a long way and leads in a range of indicators, including the aggregate number of women researchers, namely in STEM areas. However, the share of women participating in information and communications technology (ICT)-related areas of research remains very low. Also, although women comprise more than 50% of doctoral graduates, scientists, engineers and tertiary educated and employed professionals, they still make up less than 30% of heads of institutions in the higher education sector. Elsevier’s analysis becomes even more relevant in these difficult times, as the impact of the COVID-19 crisis continues to unfold. We know that women working in highly specialised sectors, such as research, have been particularly affected. The increase in unpaid care and domestic work during lockdowns and confinement has strongly affected their availability to submit publications, research applications and projects, as well as their research hours. Thus, it is critical that research on the impact of COVID-19 maintains a gender perspective. In this context, I promoted the launch of a special call for research projects on the gender impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which will provide critical information to support the development of public policies. It is with deep appreciation that I thank Elsevier for this very important contribution. I am certain it is, and will continue to be, a driver for change. Rosa Monteiro Secretary of State for Citizenship and Equality, Portugal Gender in the Portugal Research Arena: A Case Study in European Leadership 2 Preface At Elsevier, our mission is to help researchers and health professionals advance science and improve healthcare outcomes through quality information and analytics. We are committed to support the communities we serve in tackling the challenges outlined by the UN Sustainable Development Goals, including gender inequality. Last year, as we marked the 5th anniversary of the SDGs, we launched Elsevier’s Inclusion & Diversity Advisory Board1 together with my co-chair, The Lancet2 Editor-in-Chief Dr. Richard Horton. Together with our Advisory Board and our internal Gender Equity Taskforce, we have identified several areas where we can make meaningful contributions: Improving the representation and participation of women in the research ecosystem, embedding the sex and gender dimension in research and supporting the career progression of women researchers in academic and professional life. For all these goals, having an evidence-based foundation is essential to understanding the greatest obstacles to and opportunities for advancing gender equity in science. In 2020, we published The Researcher Journey through a Gender Lens: An Examination of Research Participation, Career Progression and Perceptions Across the Globe 3, our third such report, which examined gender representation and participation across 26 disciplines within the EU28 and 15 countries around the world. It revealed that while the overall representation of women in research is clearly improving, inequality remains across geographies and research disciplines, and in terms of awarded grants, patents, and collaborations. Throughout our analyses, one country stood out as leading among European countries in terms of the representation of women in research, particularly for early career researchers - Portugal. This led us to undertake the Gender in the Portugal Research Arena: A Case Study in European Leadership, for a data-led look at the dynamics underlying Portugal’s leading edge. Together with distinguished academic leaders in Portugal, we have worked to put into context quantitative analyses with policy perspectives, insights, and best practices. Our goal is to contribute insights from the experience of one country to inform policy and inspire targeted initiatives among policy makers, research leaders and funders around the world to achieve gender equity in research. I strongly believe that for organisations, institutions, systems or countries to move the needle on gender equity, and indeed all dimensions of diversity, requires advocacy and collaboration, supported by evidence-based policies, measurement and accountability. I hope that lessons learned from the Portugal experience can contribute to our collective efforts to create a fair system of opportunities and progression for all people working in research around the world. This becomes even more important, as Rosa Monteiro, Portugal’s Secretary of State of Citizenship and Equality has pointed out, given the compounding factor of the pandemic to inequalities in research ecosystem. Kumsal Bayazit CEO, Elsevier Gender in the Portugal Research Arena: A Case Study in European Leadership 3 Executive Summary Elsevier strives to make a lasting impact on the societal challenges of our times by harnessing the full contribution of all stakeholders in the global research and healthcare community. Promoting gender diversity and inclusion in research through an evidence-based, data-informed approach is a critical part of this ongoing effort. We apply this approach to our processes and initiatives and are increasingly focused on the many ways gender needs to be addressed and accounted for, from issues affecting equity in the research workforce to inclusion of sex- and gender-based analyses in scientific studies. As a global organisation, we can investigate these issues on both a worldwide scale and at various regional levels. Previous analytics reports examining gender in the research workforce – Elsevier’s 2020 global gender report, The Researcher Journey Through a Gender Lens: An Examination of Research Participation, Career Progression and Perceptions Across the Globe3, and the European Commission She Figures 20184 report (on which Elsevier served as a partner) – shined a spotlight on Portugal’s leadership in terms of women’s higher level of representation in research compared with the EU28 as a whole and individual European countries. The analyses derived from those earlier studies and presented within this new report, Gender in the Portugal Research Arena: A Case Study in European Leadership, showcase a series of findings relevant to understanding both gender diversity and inclusion in research for Portugal, relative to regional comparators. The data and analyses, contexualised by new expert insights, lay out a path whereby Portugal can continue to expand its leadership efforts towards all around greater gender equity in the research workforce as well as serve as a source of learning and inspiration for other European countries and elsewhere in the world. Gender in the Portugal Research Arena: A Case Study in European Leadership 4 Executive summary The quantitative analyses in this report offer key findings that highlight areas of advancement in gender diversity and inclusion and uncover additional opportunities Portugal can lead on moving forward. Key findings Advances Opportunities Women represent nearly 50% of active Accelerated change toward greater gender authors in Portugal, the closest to diversity across remaining physical gender parity for all EU28 countries. sciences & engineering fields where Women are highly represented across women remain the most underrepresented the life sciences and health sciences despite gains over time. fields, and in Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Psychology. In Portugal, women researchers are Closing the gap in earnings between likely to continue publishing over time. women and men, specifically in jobs This uniquely stable continuity matches related to scientific research and the that seen among men and is an development, and moving women to more important indicator of career retention. stable employment contracts. Portugal is the only European country in which women did not leave research at a higher rate than men over time. Women researchers in Portugal are Addressing systematic gender bias in the most highly represented among research ecosystem that negatively impacts authors with a short publication women when they are in leadership roles. history, indicating the greatest gender ~ equity among earlier career -- researchers. Even amongst senior - researcher cohorts, Portugal has a higher overall representation of women than other European countries. In Portugal, women comprise more Increasing the percentage of women in top than 50% of doctoral graduates, tier positions at higher education scientists, engineers and tertiary institutions to accelerate gains in gender educated and employed professionals, equality. demonstrating gender parity (equal representation) across scientific career pathways. Gender in the Portugal Research Arena: A Case Study in European Leadership 5 Executive summary Portugal’s leadership, evident in the advances highlighted above, is the result of many deliberate steps, the result of specific policy initiatives and a coordinated approach to targeted interventions. Such efforts are combined with a longstanding commitment to strong early education STEM interventions, research on gender equality, addressing topics such as violence
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