DOCSLIB.ORG

A Large Impact Crater Beneath Hiawatha

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Large Impact Crater Beneath Hiawatha A large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland Kurt Kjær, Nicolaj Larsen, Tobias Binder, Anders Björk, Olaf Eisen, Mark Fahnestock, Svend Funder, Adam Garde, Henning Haack, Veit Helm, et al. To cite this version: Kurt Kjær, Nicolaj Larsen, Tobias Binder, Anders Björk, Olaf Eisen, et al.. A large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland. Science Advances , American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2018, 4 (11), pp.eaar8173. 10.1126/sciadv.aar8173. hal-02392102 HAL Id: hal-02392102 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02392102 Submitted on 8 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial| 4.0 International License SCIENCE ADVANCES | RESEARCH ARTICLE GEOLOGY Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some A large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in rights reserved; exclusive licensee northwest Greenland American Association for the Advancement 1 1,2 3 1,4,5 3,6 of Science. No claim to Kurt H. Kjær *, Nicolaj K. Larsen , Tobias Binder , Anders A. Bjørk , Olaf Eisen , original U.S. Government 7 1 8 9,10 3 Mark A. Fahnestock , Svend Funder , Adam A. Garde , Henning Haack , Veit Helm , Works. Distributed 1 1,8,11 12 13,14 Michael Houmark-Nielsen , Kristian K. Kjeldsen , Shfaqat A. Khan , Horst Machguth , under a Creative Iain McDonald15, Mathieu Morlighem4, Jérémie Mouginot4,16, John D. Paden17, Tod E. Waight18, Commons Attribution Christian Weikusat3, Eske Willerslev1,19,20, Joseph A. MacGregor21 NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). We report the discovery of a large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland. From airborne radar surveys, we identify a 31-kilometer-wide, circular bedrock depression beneath up to a kilometer of ice. This depression has an elevated rim that cross-cuts tributary subglacial channels and a subdued central uplift that appears to be actively eroding. From ground investigations of the deglaciated foreland, we identify overprinted structures within Precambrian bedrock along the ice margin that strike tangent to the subglacial rim. Glaciofluvial sediment from the largest river draining the crater contains shocked quartz and other impact- Downloaded from related grains. Geochemical analysis of this sediment indicates that the impactor was a fractionated iron aster- oid, which must have been more than a kilometer wide to produce the identified crater. Radiostratigraphy of the ice in the crater shows that the Holocene ice is continuous and conformable, but all deeper and older ice appears to be debris rich or heavily disturbed. The age of this impact crater is presently unknown, but from our geological and geophysical evidence, we conclude that it is unlikely to predate the Pleistocene inception of the Greenland Ice Sheet. http://advances.sciencemag.org/ INTRODUCTION Greenland, initially identified through incidental airborne radar The scientific exploration of Greenland has extended for centuries be- sounding, and subsequently studied through additional airborne and cause of its remote location and ice cover. Exploration of features be- ground-based field studies of the ice sheet and deglaciated foreland. neath the ice is a relatively new development, owing to the mid-20th century advent of borehole drilling through ice and radar sounding (1).WhileairborneradarsoundingoftheGreenlandIceSheetbegan RESULTS in the 1970s (2), increasingly comprehensive surveying of the ice sheet Bed morphology beneath Hiawatha Glacier has only become possible over the past two decades. Beginning in the Using data collected between 1997 and 2014 by NASA’sProgramfor mid-1990s, extensive airborne radar sounding has revealed a hitherto Arctic Regional Climate Assessment and Operation IceBridge (3), in on January 8, 2021 hidden landscape beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet and elucidated the combination with 1600 km of new airborne radar data collected in processes and events that have led to its present bed topography (3). May 2016 (Supplementary Materials and Methods), we identified a Through internal stratigraphy detected by this radar sounding, these large circular depression in the bed topography of the Greenland Ice data also reveal the late Pleistocene and Holocene history of the ice sheet Sheet (Fig. 1). This structure is covered by up to 930 m of ice but has itself (4). Here, we describe a new landscape feature in remote northwest a clear circular surface expression. An elevated rim in the bed topogra- phy encloses the relatively flat depression with a diameter of 31.1 ± 1Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, 0.3 km and a rim-to-floor depth of 320 ± 70 m. In the center of the struc- Copenhagen, Denmark. 2Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, ture, the bed is raised up to 50 m above the surrounding topography, with Denmark. 3Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Re- search, Bremerhaven, Germany. 4Department of Earth System Science, Univer- five radar-identified peaks that form a central uplift up to 8 km wide. The sity of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. 5NASA Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA, overall structure has a depth-to-diameter ratio of 0.010 ± 0.002 and is USA. 6Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. slightly asymmetric, with a gentler slope toward the southwest and max- 7 8 Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA. Geo- imum depth in the southeast of the structure. Two winding subglacial logical Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark. 9Maine Min- eral and Gem Museum, Bethel, ME, USA. 10Geobiology and Minerals Section, channels, up to ~500 m deep and ~5 km wide, intersect the southeast Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. flank of the circular structure (Fig. 1). Before entering the structure, the 11Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 12 northern channel merges with the southern channel and then spills over a DTU Space, National Space Institute, Department of Geodesy, Technical University ’ of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. 13Department of Geosciences, University of large breach in the structure s rim upon entering the main depression. Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. 14Department of Geography, University of Zurich, These channels do not have a recognizable topographic expression within Zurich, Switzerland. 15School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park the structure. On the downstream side of the structure, there is a second Place, Cardiff, UK. 16Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INP, Grenoble, France. ’ 17Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, smaller breach in the northwestern portion of the structure srim.Ice USA. 18Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources Management flows through this second breach to form the tongue-shaped terminus (Geology Section), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 19Depart- of Hiawatha Glacier. The present ice-sheetmarginlies~1kmpastthis 20 ment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Wellcome Trust northwestern rim, and it is the circular depression itself that contains Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK. 21Cryospheric Sciences Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA. the semicircular ice lobe that extends conspicuously beyond the straighter *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ice-sheet margin farther southwest. Kjær et al., Sci. Adv. 2018; 4 : eaar8173 14 November 2018 1of11 SCIENCE ADVANCES | RESEARCH ARTICLE 85°W 80°N 80°W 75°W 70°W 65°W 60°W 70°W 68°W 66°W A B s Strait Kane Basin Active basal Nare drainage path 79°N Humboldt 77°30'N B-D Glacier Inglefield Smith Sound Land Hiawatha Glacier Ice-sheet margin Greenland Greenland Ice Sheet Ice Sheet >40 m/year Thule Surface air base velocity Downloaded from 0 m/year 78°30'N 0 500 0 10050 01530 75°N Baffin Bay Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers C D http://advances.sciencemag.org/ HW12-2016 HW21-2016 HW13-2016 78°30'N 79°N on January 8, 2021 Paleo- channels Catchments 750 m Supra- glacial Sub- Height glacial above ellipsoid 0m 78°30'N 78°N 01530 01530 Kilometers Kilometers 66°W 64°W 66°W 64°W Fig. 1. Geomorphological and glaciological setting of Hiawatha Glacier, northwest Greenland. (A) Regional view of northwest Greenland. Inset map shows location relative to whole of Greenland. Magenta box identifies location of (B) to (D). (B) A 5-m ArcticDEM mosaic over eastern Inglefield Land. Colors are ice surface velocity. Blue line illustrates an active basal drainage path inferred from radargrams. (C) Hillshade surface relief based on the ArcticDEM mosaic, which illustrates characteristics such as surface undulations. Dashed red lines are the outlines of the two subglacial paleochannels. Blue lines are catchment outlines, i.e., solid blue line is subglacial and hatched is supraglacial. (D) Bed topography based on airborne radar sounding from 1997 to 2014 NASA data
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pleistocene Organic Matter Modified by the Hiawatha Impact, Northwest Greenland Adam A
    https://doi.org/10.1130/G47432.1 Manuscript received 23 January 2020 Revised manuscript received 2 April 2020 Manuscript accepted 8 April 2020 © 2020 The Authors. Gold Open Access: This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY license. Published online 29 May 2020 Pleistocene organic matter modified by the Hiawatha impact, northwest Greenland Adam A. Garde1, Anne Sofie Søndergaard2, Carsten Guvad1, Jette Dahl-Møller3, Gernot Nehrke4, Hamed Sanei2, Christian Weikusat4, Svend Funder3, Kurt H. Kjær3 and Nicolaj Krog Larsen3 1 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark 2 Lithospheric Organic Carbon (LOC) Group, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Høegh Guldbergs Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark 3 Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark 4 Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany ABSTRACT an iron meteorite (Kjær et al., 2018). The bulk The 31-km-wide Hiawatha impact crater was recently discovered under the ice sheet mineral assemblage and chemical composi- in northwest Greenland, but its age remains uncertain. Here we investigate solid organic tion of the sand indicate sourcing from gran- matter found at the tip of the Hiawatha Glacier to determine its thermal degradation, ulite-grade rocks similar to Paleoproterozoic provenance, and age, and hence a maximum age of the impact. Impactite grains of micro- paragneiss exposed in the ice-free foreland brecchia and shock-melted glass in glaciofluvial sand contain abundant dispersed carbon, to the crater (locally including sulfidic parag- and gravel-sized charcoal particles are common on the outwash plain in front of the crater.
    [Show full text]
  • The Universe Contents 3 HD 149026 B
    History . 64 Antarctica . 136 Utopia Planitia . 209 Umbriel . 286 Comets . 338 In Popular Culture . 66 Great Barrier Reef . 138 Vastitas Borealis . 210 Oberon . 287 Borrelly . 340 The Amazon Rainforest . 140 Titania . 288 C/1861 G1 Thatcher . 341 Universe Mercury . 68 Ngorongoro Conservation Jupiter . 212 Shepherd Moons . 289 Churyamov- Orientation . 72 Area . 142 Orientation . 216 Gerasimenko . 342 Contents Magnetosphere . 73 Great Wall of China . 144 Atmosphere . .217 Neptune . 290 Hale-Bopp . 343 History . 74 History . 218 Orientation . 294 y Halle . 344 BepiColombo Mission . 76 The Moon . 146 Great Red Spot . 222 Magnetosphere . 295 Hartley 2 . 345 In Popular Culture . 77 Orientation . 150 Ring System . 224 History . 296 ONIS . 346 Caloris Planitia . 79 History . 152 Surface . 225 In Popular Culture . 299 ’Oumuamua . 347 In Popular Culture . 156 Shoemaker-Levy 9 . 348 Foreword . 6 Pantheon Fossae . 80 Clouds . 226 Surface/Atmosphere 301 Raditladi Basin . 81 Apollo 11 . 158 Oceans . 227 s Ring . 302 Swift-Tuttle . 349 Orbital Gateway . 160 Tempel 1 . 350 Introduction to the Rachmaninoff Crater . 82 Magnetosphere . 228 Proteus . 303 Universe . 8 Caloris Montes . 83 Lunar Eclipses . .161 Juno Mission . 230 Triton . 304 Tempel-Tuttle . 351 Scale of the Universe . 10 Sea of Tranquility . 163 Io . 232 Nereid . 306 Wild 2 . 352 Modern Observing Venus . 84 South Pole-Aitken Europa . 234 Other Moons . 308 Crater . 164 Methods . .12 Orientation . 88 Ganymede . 236 Oort Cloud . 353 Copernicus Crater . 165 Today’s Telescopes . 14. Atmosphere . 90 Callisto . 238 Non-Planetary Solar System Montes Apenninus . 166 How to Use This Book 16 History . 91 Objects . 310 Exoplanets . 354 Oceanus Procellarum .167 Naming Conventions . 18 In Popular Culture .
    [Show full text]
  • Ice & Stone 2020
    Ice & Stone 2020 WEEK 22: MAY 24-30 Presented by The Earthrise Institute # 22 Authored by Alan Hale This week in history MAY 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 MAY 24, 1981: American astronomer Harold Reitsema and his colleagues, observing from Arizona, detect a possible moon of Neptune during an apparent occultation of a background star. This object was confirmed by Voyager 2 during its flyby of Neptune in August 1989 and is now known as Larissa and designated as Neptune VII. Two views of Larissa, a dark, irregularly shaped moon of Neptune discovered in 1989 by Voyager 2. Courtesy of NASA/JPL. MAY 24, 2001: Comet LINEAR C/2001 A2, the first relatively bright naked-eye comet of the 21st Century, passes through perihelion at a heliocentric distance of 0.779 AU. It is a future “Comet of the Week.” MAY 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 MAY 25, 44 B.C.: According to approximate orbital calculations, the comet known as “Caesar’s Comet” (formally designated C/-43 K1) passes through perihelion at a heliocentric distance of 0.22 AU. It is this week’s “Comet of the Week.” COVER IMAGE CREDIT: Front and back cover: This artist’s conception shows ESA’s proposed Hera Mission to the Didymos binary asteroid system. Hera will carry two CubeSat Opportunity Payloads (COPINS) to support the science goals of the main spacecraft, as well demonstrate deep space inter-satellite link techniques. Courtesy of ESA/ScienceOffice.org. MAY 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 MAY 27, 1894: Arctic explorer Robert Peary, together with Hugh Lee and an Inuit guide named Tallakoteah, locate what is now known as the Cape York meteorite on an island off the northwestern coast of Greenland.
    [Show full text]
  • 10Th 1St 2Nd 3Rd 4Th 5Th 6Th 7Th 8Th 9Th A&M A&P AAA
    10th Agatha Amadeus Apr Auerbach Barr Berglund Boca Brigham Byzantine 1st Agee Amarillo April Aug Barrett Bergman Bodleian Brighton Byzantium 2nd Agnes Amazon Aquarius Augean Barrington Bergson Boeing Brillouin CA 3rd Agnew Amelia Aquila Augusta Barry Bergstrom Boeotia Brindisi CACM 4th Agricola Amerada Aquinas Augustan Barrymore Berkeley Boeotian Brisbane CATV 5th Agway America Arab Augustine Barstow Berkowitz Bogota Bristol CB 6th Ahmadabad American Arabia Augustus Bart Berkshire Bohemia Britain CBS 7th Ahmedabad Americana Arabic Aurelius Barth Berlin Bohr Britannic CCNY 8th Aida Americanism Araby Auriga Bartholomew Berlioz Bois Britannica CDC 9th Aides Ames Arachne Auschwitz Bartlett Berlitz Boise British CEQ A&M Aiken Ameslan Arcadia Austin Bartok Berman Bolivia Briton CERN A&P Aileen Amherst Archer Australia Barton Bermuda Bologna Brittany CIA AAA Ainu Amman Archibald Australis Basel Bern Bolshevik Britten CO AAAS Aires Ammerman Archimedes Austria Bassett Bernadine Bolshevism Broadway CPA AAU Aitken Amoco Arcturus Ave Batavia Bernard Bolshevist Brock CRT ABA Ajax Amos Arden Aventine Batchelder Bernardino Bolshoi Broglie CT AC Akers Ampex Arequipa Avery Bateman Bernardo Bolton Bromfield CUNY ACM Akron Amsterdam Ares Avesta Bates Bernet Boltzmann Bromley CZ ACS Alabama Amtrak Argentina Avis Bathurst Bernhard Bombay Brontosaurus Cabot AK Alabamian Amy Argive Aviv Bator Bernice Bonaparte Bronx Cadillac AL Alameda Anabaptist Argonaut Avogadro Battelle Bernie Bonaventure Brooke Cady AMA Alamo Anabel Argonne Avon Baudelaire Berniece Boniface
    [Show full text]
  • A A&M A&P Aaa Aaas Aardvark Aarhus Aaron Aau Aba Ababa Aback
    a a&m a&p aaa aaas aardvark aarhus aaron aau aba ababa aback abacus abaft abalone abandon abandoned abandoning abandonment abase abased abasement abash abashed abashing abasing abate abated abatement abater abating abba abbas abbe abbey abbot abbott abbreviate abbreviated abbreviating abbreviation abby abc abdicate abdomen abdominal abduct abducted abduction abductor abe abed abel abelian abelson aberdeen abernathy aberrant aberrate aberration abet abetted abetter abetting abeyance abeyant abhor abhorred abhorrent abhorrer abhorring abide abided abiding abidjan abigail abilene ability abject abjection abjectly abjure abjured abjuring ablate ablated ablating ablation ablative ablaze able abler ablest ablution ably abnegation abner abnormal abnormality abnormally abo aboard abode abolish abolished abolisher abolishing abolishment abolition abolitionist abominable abominate aboriginal aborigine aborning abort aborted aborting abortion abortive abortively abos abound abounded abounding about above aboveboard aboveground abovementioned abrade abraded abrading abraham abram abramson abrasion abrasive abreact abreaction abreast abridge abridged abridging abridgment abroad abrogate abrogated abrogating abrupt abruptly abscessed abscissa abscissae abscissas abscond absconded absconding absence absent absented absentee absenteeism absentia absenting absently absentminded absinthe absolute absolutely absolution absolve absolved absolving absorb absorbed absorbency absorbent absorber absorbing absorption absorptive abstain abstained abstainer abstaining
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Journal of Geography and Earth Sciences June 2019, Vol. 7, No. 1, Pp. 78-109 ISSN 2334-2447 (Print) 2334-2455 (Online) Copyr
    Journal of Geography and Earth Sciences June 2019, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 78-109 ISSN 2334-2447 (Print) 2334-2455 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/jges.v7n1a9 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/jges.v7n1a9 12,800 years ago, Hellas and the World on Fire and Flood Volker Joerg Dietrich1, Evangelos Lagios2 & Gregor Zographos3 Abstract The controversial large cosmic impact hypothesis (~12,800 years BP) over the Northern Hemisphere explains not only wildfires everywhere but also the rapid cooling of the Younger Dryas by destabilizing and melting parts of the Laurentide and probably Fennoscandian Ice Shield; flooding large parts of North America and draining into the North Atlantic, which caused a slowdown or shutdown of warm water northward. The assumption of an impact origin of the approx. 20 km in diameter and only 100 m deep bowl-shaped size of the Holocene Pagasitic Gulf (Thessaly, central Greece), is based on a large negative gravimetric residual anomaly and Quaternary morphotectonic criteria along its shores, the shape of embankments and mountainous surroundings; such as collapse structures, slumping and landslides. Quaternary surficial cataclastic and brittle deformation from macroscopic to microscopic scale is present in many locations; e.g. micron size close-spaced planar fractures (PF‟s) in quartz and calcite. A modeled 1km comet with a density of 1500kg/m3and an impact velocity of 50km/s fitted best all observed ground parameters that generated airburst overpressures of 242 MPa causing cataclysmic wild fires and subsequent flooding. Keywords: Comet airburst, Younger Dryas, Pagasitic Gulf (Greece), 12,800 years, asteroid impact 1 Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich, Switzerland) CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • AN ABSTRACT of the THESIS of Nicholas C. Mehmel for the Degree
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Nicholas C. Mehmel for the degree of Master of Science in Geology presented on September 15, 2020 Title: Assessment of Extraterrestrial Tracers Ir, Pt and 3He in Polar Ice Cores Abstract Approved: ____________________________________________ Edward J. Brook This thesis focuses on the investigation of extraterrestrial tracers Ir, Pt and 3He in polar ice cores. These tracers may Be used to identify characteristics of interplanetary dust particles, and to quantify the flux of extraterrestrial material during impact events, certain volcanic eruptions, and staBle Background periods. In the first chapter I present novel Ir and Pt concentration records in ice cores from Summit Greenland, spanning the Tambora eruption of 1815 and the Tunguska impact event of 1908. A significant Pt signal is observed within a year of the TamBora eruption, But no oBserved signal is associated with the Tunguska event. Also presented here is a direct comparison between two estaBlished chemical digestion procedures, to assess what portions of the Ir and Pt signal are captured By each. An average Ir concentration of ~0.4 fg/g and average Pt concentration of ~15.7 fg/g are recorded, suggesting a total flux of interplanetary dust particles Between 43.5 – 217 metric tons/day on Earth. In the second chapter, I present 3He concentrations in very large ice samples (3+ kg) from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, and report an average concentration among 7 samples of 5.32 x 10-17 ccSTP/g, with 3 4 3 4 an average He/ He ratio of 98.77 RA (SD: 34.4 RA), where RA is the atmospheric He/ He ratio comparaBle to stratospheric IDPs.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Thesis
    Master Thesis Degree Project in Geology 60 hp Impactites from the Hiawatha crater, North-West Greenland Jacob Gustafsson Stockholm 2020 Department of Geological Sciences Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Abstract The recent discovery of the 31-km-wide Hiawatha impact crater has raised unanswered questions about its age, impactor and highly unusual organic carbon component. Previous research suggests a fractionated iron meteorite impactor, a probable maximum 3–2.4 Ma impact age and a possible Younger Dryas impact age. The first objective in this study has been to investigate a possible link between the Cape York meteorites and the Hiawatha impact crater by comparing the chromium isotopic signature in chromite from a Cape York meteorite with the chromium isotopic signature in potential chromite from the Hiawatha impactor. The second objective has been to investigate a possible Hiawatha signature in the Younger Dryas deposits from Baffin Bay. The third objective has been to study the organic carbon component in impactites derived from the Hiawatha impact crater. Heavy mineral grains were separated from glaciofluvial sediment which contains Hiawatha impactite grains. Not a single chromite grain was found and the possible link to the Cape York meteorites could not be tested. The petrographic examination of Younger Dryas marine deposits resulted in absence of impact-related Hiawatha grains. A petrological investigation revealed that organic carbon was likely found in five of six variably shocked impactites derived from the Hiawatha impact crater. The character of the organic carbon varies between the samples and also within individual samples. Vitrinite reflectance measurements of the organic carbon in two impactites yielded low reflectance values compared to charcoalification experiments of wood.
    [Show full text]
  • Manfred Gottwald, Thomas Kenkmann, Wolf Uwe Reimold Verlag Dr
    TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES: The TanDEM-X Atlas. Vol.1 and 2. Manfred Gottwald, Thomas Kenkmann, Wolf Uwe Reimold Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2020, 608 p. ISBN 978-3-89937-261-8 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES The TanDEM-X Atlas 1 Africa, North/Central America, South America M. Gottwald, T. Kenkmann and W. U. Reimold Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil Manfred Gottwald Thomas Kenkmann Wolf Uwe Reimold TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES The TanDEM-X Atlas 1 Africa, North/Central America, South America Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil · München 2020 ISBN 978-3-89937-261-8 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. front cover Vredefort Dome, Meteor Crater, Serra da Cangalha (from left to right). Top row: TanDEM-X topographic maps; bottom row Sentinel-2 RGB images, fused with the TanDEM-X digital elevation model. back cover Top: Meteor Crater (photo: T. Kenkmann); bottom: B.P. structure (photo: W. U. Reimold). print support by and Wolf Uwe Reimold and Manfred Gottwald Copyright © 2020 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München Alle Rechte vorbehalten – All rights reserved. Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Art der Vervielfältigung und Weitergabe, auch auszugsweise und in elektronischer Form, insbesondere im Internet, bedarf der ausdrücklichen Genehmigung durch den Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. Druckvorstufe: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München Druck: PBtisk a.s., Prˇíbram I – Balonka ISBN 978-3-89937-261-8 Printed in the European Union Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Straße 27, 81379 München, Germany Tel.: + 49 (0)89 5528600-0 • Fax: + 49 (0)89 5528600-4 • E-Mail: [email protected] www.pfeil-verlag.de Contents Contents Preface .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Geophysical Signature of the Tunnunik Impact Structure, Northwest Territories, Canada Y
    Geophysical signature of the Tunnunik impact structure, Northwest Territories, Canada Y. Quesnel, W. Zylberman, P. Rochette, Minoru Uehara, Jerome Gattacceca, G. Osinski, P. Dussouillez, C. Lepaulard, C. Champollion To cite this version: Y. Quesnel, W. Zylberman, P. Rochette, Minoru Uehara, Jerome Gattacceca, et al.. Geophysical signature of the Tunnunik impact structure, Northwest Territories, Canada. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, Wiley, 2020, 55 (3), pp.480-495. 10.1111/maps.13447. insu-02484453 HAL Id: insu-02484453 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02484453 Submitted on 25 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License This manuscript has been accepted for publication in Meteoritics and Planetary Science 1 Quesnel, Y. et al. (2020), Geophysical Signature of the Tunnunik Impact Structure, Northwest 2 Territories, Canada. Meteoritics and Planetary Science , 1-16, doi:10.1111/maps.13447 3 4 Geophysical Signature of the Tunnunik Impact Structure, 5 Northwest Territories, Canada 6 7 Y. Quesnel1, W. Zylberman1,2, P. Rochette1, M. Uehara1, J. Gattacceca1, G. R. Osinski2,3, 8 Dussouillez, P.1, Lepaulard, C.1 and C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hiawatha Impact Crater Objectives and Conclusions Glaciofluvial Impactite Grains
    Organic carbon from the Hiawatha impact crater, North-West Greenland Adam A. Garde1, Svend Funder2, Carsten Guvad1, Kurt H. Kjær2, Nicolaj Krog Larsen3, Jette Dahl-Møller4, Gernot Nehrke5, Hamed Sanei3, Anne Sofie Søndergaard3 and Christian Weikusat5. 1Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Denmark, [email protected], 2Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 3Department of Geosience, Aarhus University, Denmark, 4Geobiology and Minerals Section, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 5Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany. 20 cm Subfossil, un-charred, ~2.5 Ma old tree trunks up to 2 m long, Gymnosperm subfossil wood Heated carbonaceous particle Microbreccia with carbon in matrix Impact glass showing expulsion Sampling glaciofluvial sand recently washed out from under the ice sheet in adjacent Washington Land from impacted subglacial source of carbon around micro-orbicules washed out from the Hiawatha crater Glaciofluvial The Hiawatha impact crater Objectives and conclusions impactite grains A 77°30’N 80°W 70°W 60°W B • The newly discovered Hiawatha crater has a highly unusual organic carbon content in shock melt glasses, microbreccias, and around shocked quartz grains. Only few Shocked quartz fragment with other impact structures contain appreciable organic carbon (e.g. Gardnos, Haughton, planar deformation Darwin, Popigai, see references). features (PDFs) Washington Land HW21-2016 • Dispersed organic carbon was incorporated in microbreccias and shock melts. Kane Basin Active drainage path 79°N Nares Strait 77°30’N B Humboldt • Solid organic carbon was heated, depleated and homogenised to form particles Inglefield Land glacier with high reflectance (R = 1.0–3.5). Smith Sound Ice margin 0 Hiawatha Kap glacier København Qtz PDFs WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF THIS CARBON AND WHAT CAN IT TELL US? Shocked quartz with Greenland 750 m Ice Sheet Height PDFs and partially Thule • The obvious carbon source is subfossil wood, known from adjacent above Air Ba se melted feldspar.
    [Show full text]
  • Sedimentary Record from Patagonia, Southern Chile Supports Cosmic
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Sedimentary record from Patagonia, southern Chile supports cosmic-impact triggering of Received: 27 March 2018 Accepted: 19 December 2018 biomass burning, climate change, Published: xx xx xxxx and megafaunal extinctions at 12.8 ka Mario Pino1,2, Ana M. Abarzúa1,2, Giselle Astorga1,2, Alejandra Martel-Cea1,2, Nathalie Cossio- Montecinos1, R. Ximena Navarro3, Maria Paz Lira4, Rafael Labarca1,2, Malcolm A. LeCompte5, Victor Adedeji6, Christopher R. Moore7, Ted E. Bunch8, Charles Mooney9, Wendy S. Wolbach 10, Allen West11 & James P. Kennett12 The Younger Dryas (YD) impact hypothesis posits that fragments of a large, disintegrating asteroid/ comet struck North America, South America, Europe, and western Asia ~12,800 years ago. Multiple airbursts/impacts produced the YD boundary layer (YDB), depositing peak concentrations of platinum, high-temperature spherules, meltglass, and nanodiamonds, forming an isochronous datum at >50 sites across ~50 million km² of Earth’s surface. This proposed event triggered extensive biomass burning, brief impact winter, YD climate change, and contributed to extinctions of late Pleistocene megafauna. In the most extensive investigation south of the equator, we report on a ~12,800-year-old sequence at Pilauco, Chile (~40°S), that exhibits peak YD boundary concentrations of platinum, gold, high-temperature iron- and chromium-rich spherules, and native iron particles rarely found in nature. A major peak in charcoal abundance marks an intense biomass-burning episode, synchronous with dramatic changes in vegetation, including a high-disturbance regime, seasonality in precipitation, and warmer conditions. This is anti-phased with northern-hemispheric cooling at the YD onset, whose rapidity suggests atmospheric linkage.
    [Show full text]