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Phytoparasitische Kleinpilze Aus Dem Bayeri Schen Und Badenwürttembergischen Allgäu

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Phytoparasitische Kleinpilze Aus Dem Bayeri Schen Und Badenwürttembergischen Allgäu ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at JAGE et al.: Phytoparasitische Pilze aus dem Allgäu 149 Phytoparasitische Kleinpilze aus dem bayeri­ schen und baden­württembergischen Allgäu HORST JAGE , MARKUS SC H OLLER & FRIEDE M ANN KLENKE Kurzfassung and 29 are smut fungi (Ustilaginales, Exobasidiales, Publikationen zum Vorkommen phytoparasitischer Microbotryales); there are 396 different host­parasite Kleinpilze in den deutschen Alpen gibt es nur weni­ combinations on 262 host species. In addition to this, ge aus den letzten Jahrzehnten. In Vorbereitung einer four fungus species were newly recorded for Germany „Checkliste und Roten Liste der phytoparasitischen (Plasmopara praetermissa VOGL M AYR , FATE H I & CON - Kleinpilze Deutschlands“ wurden deshalb in den ver­ STANT ., Septoria alpicola SACC ., Uromyces croci PASS ., gangenen Jahren, vorwiegend 2008, im bayerischen Anthracoidea rupestris KUKKONEN ). One species, Ae- und baden­württembergischen Teil der Allgäuer Alpen cidium philippianum M. SC H OLLER on Leontodon spp., is und deren Vorland Untersuchungen zum aktuellen Vor­ newly described. Seven matrices novae and numerous kommen dieser Pilze durchgeführt. Insgesamt konn­ new hosts are recorded for Germany. An annotated list ten 274 Arten beobachtet und großteils belegt wer­ provides further information on the occurence, distribu­ den, darunter drei Flagellatenpilze (Chytridiomycota), tion (including records from the bordering Austrian Alps 16 Falsche Mehltaupilze (Peronosporales), 60 Arten and further important record data), biology, taxonomy anamorpher Pilze („Hyphomycetes“, „Coelomycetes“), and morphology. Photographs of 15 fungus species 37 Echte Mehltaupilze (Erysiphales), 10 sonstige from the habitat and microphotographs of Aecidium Schlauchpilze (Ascomycota), 119 Rostpilze (Puccini­ philippianum and Uromyces croci complete the study. ales) und 29 Brandpilze (Ustilaginales, Exobasidiales, Microbotryales); insgesamt 396 verschiedene Pilz­Wirt­ Autoren Kombinationen auf 262 Wirtsarten. Ferner wurden im Dr. HORST JAGE , Waldsiedlung 15, D­06901 Kemberg. Untersuchungsgebiet vier für Deutschland neue Pilz­ Dr. MARKUS SC H OLLER , Staatliches Museum für Natur­ arten gefunden (Plasmopara praetermissa VOGL M AYR , kunde, Erbprinzenstraße 13, D­76133 Karlsruhe, mar­ FATE H I & CONSTANT ., Septoria alpicola SACC ., Uromyces [email protected] (korrespondierender Autor). croci PASS ., Anthracoidea rupestris KUKKONEN ). Eine Art, FRIEDE M ANN KLENKE , Grillenburger Straße 8 c, D­09627 Aecidium philippianum M. SC H OLLER auf Leontodon spp., Bobritzsch. wird als neu beschrieben. Des weiteren erbrachten die Untersuchungen sieben matrices novae und zahlreiche für Deutschland neue Wirte. In einer kommentierten Artenliste werden Informationen zu Häufigkeit, Verbrei­ 1 Einleitung tung (einschließlich Fundangaben vom angrenzenden österreichischen Allgäu und weitere ergänzende Fund­ Die Autoren dieses Artikels sowie V. KU mm ER erar­ daten), zur Biologie, Taxonomie und Morphologie ge­ beiten derzeit eine Checkliste und Rote Liste der liefert. Fotos von 15 Pilzarten vom Standort und mikro­ Rost­, Brand­ sowie der Echten und Falschen skopische Aufnahmen von Aecidium philippianum und Mehltaupilze Deutschlands. Dies erfordert neben Uromyces croci ergänzen die Übersicht. der Berücksichtigung historischer Aspekte auch die Kenntnis über das aktuelle Vorkommen der Abstract Pilze. Von einer Reihe montan­alpin verbreiteter Plant parasitic microfungi from the Allgäu region (Bayern and Baden-Württemberg) Sippen gibt es aus den letzten 25 Jahren keine In recent decades, only few studies were published on Nachweise. Besonders gravierend ist der Mangel the distribution of plant parasitic microfungi in the Ger­ an aktuellen Daten aus den Allgäuer Alpen – es man Alps. In order to obtain data on their present distri­ liegen aus jüngerer Zeit nur wenige Angaben bution and occurrence and in preparation for a check­ zu Rostpilzen (BERNDT 1999) und Brandpilzen list and red data list of plant parasitic microfungi of (SC H OLZ & SC H OLZ 1988, 2000, 2004) vor. Die 9. Germany, field studies were carried out in the German „Brandpilzexkursion“1 wurde deshalb 2008 in den Allgäu of Bayern (Bavaria) and Baden­Württemberg Allgäuer Alpen durchgeführt. Im Folgenden wer­ and its foreland, mainly in 2008. A total of 274 species were found and specimens are deposited in private and public herbaria. Three species are chytrids (Chytridio­ 1 Es handelt sich hierbei um ein jährliches Treffen von mycota), 16 downy mildews (Peronosporales), 60 an­ Mykologen und Botanikern, die sich mit phytoparasiti­ amorphic fungi (“Hyphomycetes” and “Coelomycetes”), schen Kleinpilzen beschäftigen. Initiiert und organisiert 37 powdery mildews (Erysiphales), 10 Ascomycota wurde die „Brandpilzexkursion“ von H. JAGE erstmalig other than Erysiphales, 119 rust fungi (Pucciniales) 2000. ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at 150 andrias, 18 (2010) den die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung präsen­ er oder 100facher Vergrößerung, Verwendung tiert. Zusätzliches unpubliziertes und in früherer von Herbarmaterial) bestimmt. Die lichtmikro­ Zeit im Allgäu und dessen Vorland von diversen skopischen Aufnahmen erfolgten mit Hilfe eines Sammlern zusammengetragenes Material wur­ Axioskop 2 Plus Mikroskops der Fa. Zeiss bei de ebenfalls ausgewertet und in die Ergebnisse 40facher Vergrößerung (DIC) mit aufgesetzter mit einbezogen. Digitalkamera (Canon Powershot A80). Sori der Rostpilze von Aecidium philippianum und Uro- myces croci wurden mit Hilfe einer hoch auflö­ 2 Methoden senden Kamera (JVC KY­F70B) an einem Leica Z6 APO Stereomikroskop (Feige 1) und der Soft­ 2.1 Mitwirkende und Untersuchungsgebiete ware AutoMontage® erstellt (vgl. RIEDEL 2006, Folgende Personen beteiligten sich an den SC H OLLER 2007). Die Freilandaufnahmen wur­ Untersuchungen: Hauptexkursion vom 23. bis den mit einer Digitalkamera (Canon Powershot 30.6.2008 (siehe auch Abb. 2): HER B ERT BOYLE A 630) vorgenommen. Als taxonomische und (Görlitz), STE ff EN HOE F LIC H (Görlitz), HORST JAGE , nomenklatorische Grundlage diente bei den Pe­ HANS ­ULRIC H und ILONA KISON (Quedlinburg), FRIE - ronosporales, Erysiphales, Pucciniales (Uredi­ DE M ANN und CH RISTIANE KLENKE , FRANZ OB ERWINKLER nales), Ustilaginales und Microbotryales eine im (Tübingen, nur 26.6.), UDO und HEIDRUN RIC H TER Zusammenhang mit der Erstellung der Check­ (Freyburg), PETER und SA B INE RÖNSC H (Albersro­ liste und Roten Liste phytoparasitischer Pilze da), DIET M AR SC H ULZ (Freiberg), MARKUS SC H OLLER , Deutschlands von den Autoren und V. K U mm ER HJ AL M AR TH IEL (Rosdorf), KLAUS WÖLDECKE (Han­ erstellte, bisher unpublizierte Liste, bei den Hy­ nover). Nachexkursion 4. bis 9.8.2008: H. JAGE , phomycetes BRAUN (1995b, 1998), BRAUN & MEL - F. und C. KLENKE . NIK (1997) sowie CROUS & BRAUN (2003) und bei Exkursionsziele lagen im nördlichen und im mitt­ den Coelomyceten (vorwiegend Septoria­Arten) leren Teil des Landkreises Oberallgäukreis sowie RăDULESCU et al. (1973), BRANDEN B URGER (1985) im angrenzenden württembergischen Teil des und PRIEST (2006). Bei den Wirtspflanzen folgen Allgäu (s. Fundpunkte 1 bis 14 sowie 22 bis 24 wir JÄGER & WERNER (2005) sowie JÄGER et al. in Abb. 1 und Tab. 1). Vom Südzipfel des Ober­ (2008). Die Abkürzungen von Autorennamen allgäus steuerte JULIA KRUSE (Barkelsby) Funde entsprechen denen in BRU mm ITT & POWELL (1992) von 2007 und 2008 bei (Fundpunkte 15 bis 18, bzw. der aktualisierten Fassung im Index Fun­ 20 und 21, siehe Tab. 1). Die hiervon angefertig­ gorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/ ten Belege wurden von H. JAGE durchgesehen. Names.asp). Außerdem wurden ältere Beobachtungen von H. JAGE in diesem Gebiet (24.8.1992, Fundpunkt 19) und neuere Funde von M. SC H OLLER im Raum 3 Ergebnisse Isny (BW, 21.6.2005, Fundpunkt 25) berück­ sichtigt. Einbezogen wurden ferner ausgewählte 3.1 Taxonomie Funde von J. KRUSE und H. JAGE aus dem Land­ kreis Ostallgäukreis (Fundpunkte 26 bis 33, nicht Aecidium philippianum M. SC H OLLER spec. nov. in Abb. 1 dargestellt). Beobachtungen aus dem (Tafel 1, a­d) benachbarten österreichischen Allgäu durch H. JAGE werden partiell ebenfalls angeführt. MycoBank no. 519099. 2.2 Dokumentation, Bestimmung, Etym.: Benannt zu Ehren des deutschen Bo­ Nomenklatur tanikers Prof. Dr. GEORG PH ILI pp I (* 12.08.1936, Von der Mehrzahl der Funde wurde Belegmate­ † ­06.07.2010). rial angefertigt und in öffentlichen (GLM, HAL, KR) und diversen privaten Herbarien deponiert Spermogonia absentia. Aecia hypophylla, in in­ (siehe Abkürzungen unter 3.3). Zunächst im Pri­ tumescentiis rubidis, maculis flavidis in superfi­ vatherbarium des Erstautors (H.JA) deponierte cie visibilia; sori rotundi vel ovales, 150­350 µm Belege werden später in das Herbarium GLM diam., dense aggregati; pseudoperidium lacinia­ überführt und dort mit neuer Eingangsnummer tum, paulo protrudens, album; cellulae forma et versehen. Pflanzen wurden makroskopisch, magnitudine variabiles; paries 2.5­8 µm crassus, Pilze zusätzlich lichtmikroskopisch (bei 40fach­ omnino verrucis densis, nonnumquam confluenti­ ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at JAGE et al.: Phytoparasitische Kleinpilze aus dem Allgäu 151 Abbildung 1. Gebiete im bayerischen und baden­württembergischen Allgäu, die vorwiegend 2008 begangen wur­ den (Fundpunkte 26 bis 33 nicht berücksichtigt, siehe Text).
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