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NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-168 an Overview of The NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-168 An overview of the management of established nonindigenous species in the Great Lakes Rochelle Sturtevant1 Lauren Berent2 Thomas Makled2 Whitney Conard2 Abigail Fusaro3 Edward Rutherford4 1NOAA Sea Grant, 4840 S. State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48108 2Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, 4840 S. State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48108 3Wayne State University, 42 W. Warren Ave., Detroit, MI 48202 4NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 S. State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48108 February 2016 ATMOSPH ND ER A I C C I A N D UNITED STATES NATIONAL OCEANIC AND A M E I C N O I S L T DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION A R N A T O I I O T N A N U E .S Penny Pritzker C Kathy Sullivan .D R E E PA M RT OM MENT OF C Secretary Acting, Under Secretary for Oceans & Atmosphere NOAA Administrator NOTICE Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by the NOAA. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products or the tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1795. This publication is available as a PDF file and can be downloaded from GLERL’s web site: www.glerl.noaa.gov. Hard copies can be requested from GLERL Information Services, 4840 S. State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48108. [email protected]. NOAA’s Mission – To understand and predict changes in Earth’s environment and conserve and manage coastal and marine resources to meet our nation’s economic, social, and environmental needs NOAA’s Mission Goals: • Protect, restore and manage the use of coastal and ocean resources through an ecosystem approach to management • Understand climate variability and change to enhance society’s ability to plan and respond • Serve society’s needs for weather and water information • Support the Nation’s commerce with information for safe, efficient, and environmentally sound transportation • Provide critical support for NOAA’s Mission ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 11 2. Methods ............................................................................................................................. 12 3. Nonindigenous Species Management ................................................................................ 16 3.1 Regulations Targeting Pathways ..................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Federal Regulations Targeting Specific Species ............................................................................... 17 3.3 State Regulations Targeting Specific Species .................................................................................. 18 3.3.1 Fish pathogens .................................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2 Fish ...................................................................................................................................... 21 3.3.3 Mollusks .............................................................................................................................. 26 3.3.4 Waterfleas and Mysids ....................................................................................................... 27 3.3.5 Plants .................................................................................................................................. 29 3.3.6 Miscellaneous taxa covered only under the whitelist approach – Algae and Aquatic Invertebrates ................................................................................................................................. 33 3.4 Unregulated Species ........................................................................................................................ 34 4. Nonindigenous Species Control ......................................................................................... 35 4.1 Algae ................................................................................................................................................ 35 4.2 Plants ............................................................................................................................................... 36 4.3 Fish ................................................................................................................................................... 56 4.4 Mollusks ........................................................................................................................................... 62 4.5 Insects .............................................................................................................................................. 65 4.6 Free-Living Crustaceans, including Waterfleas, Copepods, Mysids and Gammarids ...................... 65 4.7 Free-Living Worms including Annelids and Playthelminthes .......................................................... 69 4.8 Bryozoans, Hydrozoans and Testate Amoebae ............................................................................... 70 4.9 Parasites and Diseases ..................................................................................................................... 71 1 4.9.1 Parasitic Platyhelminthes ................................................................................................... 71 4.9.2 Parasitic copepods .............................................................................................................. 72 4.9.3 Protozoan Parasites ............................................................................................................ 73 4.9.4 Bacteria ............................................................................................................................... 75 4.9.5 Viruses ................................................................................................................................ 77 5. Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 78 6. Literature Cited ................................................................................................................... 80 7. Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 129 Appendix A. Species Management Profiles ................................................................................ 131 A.1 Algae ................................................................................................................................................... 131 Actinocyclus normanii f. subsalsa (Juhlin-Dannfelt) Hustedt, 1957 .......................................... 131 Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) Agardh, 1824 ................................................................................ 131 Chaetoceros muelleri subsalsum J. R. Johansen and Rushforth, 1985 ...................................... 132 Chroodactylon ornatum (C. Agardh) Basson, 1979 .................................................................... 132 Contricribra guillardii (Hasle) K. Stachura-Suchoples & D.M. Williams ..................................... 132 Cyclotella atomus Hustedt, 1937 ............................................................................................... 132 Cyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin, and Guillard, 1963 ............................................................ 133 Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wolosz.) Seenayya and Subbaraju, 1972 ............................... 133 Diatoma ehrenbergii Kützing, 1844 ........................................................................................... 134 Discostella pseudostelligera (Hustedt) Houk and Klee, 1939 .................................................... 134 Discostella woltereckii Hustedt, 1942 ........................................................................................ 135 Hymenomonas roseola Stein, 1878 ........................................................................................... 135 Nitellopsis obtusa (Desvaux in Loiseleur) J. Groves, (1919) ....................................................... 135 Pleurosira laevis (Ehrenberg) Compère, (1843) 1982 ................................................................ 135 2 Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle in Hasle & Evensen, (1970) ........................................... 136 Skeletonema subsalsum (Cleve-Euler) Bethge, (1912) 1928 ..................................................... 136 Sphacelaria fluviatilis Jao, 1943 ................................................................................................. 136 Sphacelaria lacustris Schloesser and Blum, 1980 ...................................................................... 136 Stephanodiscus binderanus Krieger, 1927 ................................................................................. 136 Stephanodiscus subtilis (Van Goor) A. Cleve, 1951.................................................................... 137 Thalassiosira baltica Ostenfeld, 1901 ........................................................................................ 137 Thalassiosira lacustris (Grunow) Hasle in Hasle and Fryxell, 1977 ............................................ 137 Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hustedt) Hasle and Heimdal, (1957) 1970 ..................................... 138 Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) G. Fryxell & Hasle, (1896)
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