Strety Záujmov Pri Vyuţívaní Prírodných Zdrojov V Okrese Trnava

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Strety Záujmov Pri Vyuţívaní Prírodných Zdrojov V Okrese Trnava SLOVENSKÁ POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKA UNIVERZITA V NITRE FAKULTA EURÓPSKYCH ŠTÚDIÍ A REGIONÁLNEHO ROZVOJA 2124161 STRETY ZÁUJMOV PRI VYUŢÍVANÍ PRÍRODNÝCH ZDROJOV V OKRESE TRNAVA 2011 Bc. Eva Hrušovská SLOVENSKÁ POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKA UNIVERZITA V NITRE FAKULTA EURÓPSKYCH ŠTÚDIÍ A REGIONÁLNEHO ROZVOJA 2124161 STRETY ZÁUJMOV PRI VYUŢÍVANÍ PRÍRODNÝCH ZDROJOV V OKRESE TRNAVA Diplomová práca Študijný program: Environmentálne manaţérstvo Študijný odbor: 1615800 Environmentálny manaţment Školiace pracovisko: Katedra ekológie Školiteľ: prof. RNDr. Pavol Eliáš, CSc. Nitra 2011 Bc. Eva Hrušovská Čestné vyhlásenie Podpísaná Eva Hrušovská vyhlasujem, ţe som záverečnú prácu na tému „Strety záujmov pri vyuţívaní prírodných zdrojov v okrese Trnava― vypracovala samostatne s pouţitím uvedenej literatúry. Som si vedomá zákonných dôsledkov v prípade, ak uvedené údaje nie sú pravdivé. V Nitre 25. apríla 2011 Eva Hrušovská Poďakovanie Touto cestou vyslovujem poďakovanie pánovi prof. RNDr. Pavlovi Eliášovi, CSc. za pomoc, odborné vedenie, cenné rady a pripomienky pri vypracovaní mojej diplomovej práce. Abstrakt Diplomová práca prináša systematický pohľad na strety záujmov pri vyuţívaní prírodných zdrojov. V práci sú identifikované, charakterizované a zdokumentované najvýznamnejšie strety záujmov vo vybranom území v okrese Trnava a ich dokumentácia. Práca je zameraná predovšetkým na konflikty vznikajúce zo stretov záujmov v oblasti priemyslu, energetiky, vodného hospodárstva a poľnohospodárstva. Zamerali sme sa na najzávaţnejšie konflikty, ktoré najviac ohrozujú územie. Negatívne pôsobenie priemyselných prevádzok, ťaţobných lokalít a ţivočíšnych fariem ako zdrojov priemyselných exhalácií, pachu, hluku, prašnosti, ktoré spôsobujú ohrozenie, resp. narušenie prirodzeného vývoja ekosystémov. V skúmanom území je dôleţité obmedziť rozvoj tých hospodárskych aktivít, ktoré by mohli negatívne ovplyvniť prírodné hodnoty územia a vyvolávať konflikty medzi rôznymi záujmovými skupinami. Veľká pozornosť je venovaná otázke riešenia konfliktov a posudzovaniu vplyvov na ţivotné prostredie. Osobitne sú uvedené návrhy riešenia konfliktov. Kľúčové slová: konflikty, strety záujmov, okres Trnava, prírodné zdroje, riešenie konfliktov Abstract The thesis provides a systematic look at the conflicts of interests in natural resources. In this work are identified, characterized and documented the most important conflicts of interest in a particular territory in the district of Trnava and their documentation. The work is mainly focused on conflicts arising from conflicts of interest in industry, energy, water management and agriculture. We focused on the most serious conflicts that threaten the most territory. The negative effect of industrial plants, mining sites and animal farms as sources of industrial emission, smell, noise, dust, which cause a threat, respectively disturbance to the natural development of ecosystems. The studied area is important to limit the development of those economic activities which could adversely affect the natural values of the area and cause conflicts between different interest groups. Great attention is dedicated to the issue of conflict resolution and assessment of environmental impacts. Specifically are suggested solutions of conflicts. Keywords: conflicts, conflicts of interest, Trnava district, natural resources, solutions of conflicts Obsah Úvod ...................................................................................................................................... 11 1 Prehľad o súčasnom stave riešenej problematiky ......................................................... 12 1.1 Definícia konfliktov ..................................................................................................... 12 1.2.1 Typy konfliktov ..................................................................................................... 13 1.2.2 Príčiny vzniku konfliktov ...................................................................................... 15 1.2.3 Environmentálne konflikty .................................................................................... 16 1.2.4 Konflikty s biodiverzitou ....................................................................................... 17 1.3 Charakteristika stretov záujmov podľa prírodných zdrojov ........................................ 18 1.3.1 Konflikty vznikajúce pri vyuţívaní lesných ekosystémov .................................... 18 1.3.2 Konflikty vznikajúce pri vyuţívaní pôdy .............................................................. 20 1.3.3 Konflikty vznikajúce pri vyuţívaní vody .............................................................. 22 1.3.4 Konflikty vznikajúce pri vyuţívaní nerastných surovín ........................................ 23 1.3.5 Konflikty vyplývajúce z priemyselnej činnosti ..................................................... 25 1.3.6 Konflikty s jadrovou energetikou .......................................................................... 25 1.4 Riešenie stretov záujmov pri vyuţívaní prírodných zdrojov ....................................... 26 1.5 Environmentálne záťaţe ............................................................................................... 33 2 Cieľ práce .......................................................................................................................... 34 3 Materiál a metodika .......................................................................................................... 35 3.1 Charakteristika vybraného územia ............................................................................... 35 3.1.1 Charakteristika prírodných pomerov územia ........................................................ 35 3.1.2 Geologické a geomorfologické pomery ................................................................ 35 3.1.3 Pôdne pomery ........................................................................................................ 36 3.1.4 Hydrologické pomery ............................................................................................ 37 3.1.5 Klimatické pomery ................................................................................................ 37 3.1.6 Flóra ....................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.7 Fauna ..................................................................................................................... 39 3.2 Metodika práce ............................................................................................................. 40 4 Výsledky práce .................................................................................................................. 42 4.1 Identifikácia stretov záujmov pri vyuţívaní prírodných zdrojov ................................. 42 4.2. Charakteristika stretov záujmov .................................................................................. 44 4.2.1 Strety záujmov vyplývajúce z ťaţby nerastných surovín ...................................... 44 4.2.2 Strety záujmov s ochranou kvality povrchových a podzemných vôd ................... 51 4.2.3 Strety záujmov vznikajúce pri záberoch pôdy na priemyselné účely .................... 61 4.2.4 Strety záujmov vyplývajúce z priemyselnej činnosti ............................................ 65 4.2.5 Strety záujmov vznikajúce v oblasti energetiky .................................................... 69 5 Diskusia ........................................................................................................................................... 83 6 Návrh na vyuţitie výsledkov v praxi ............................................................................................ 86 6.1 Návrhy riešenia stretov záujmov vznikajúcich pri znečisťovaní ovzdušia .................. 86 6.2 Návrhy riešenia stretov záujmov s ochranu vodných zdrojov ..................................... 86 6.3 Návrhy riešenia stretov záujmov pri zábere pôdy ........................................................ 87 6.4 Návrhy riešenia stretov záujmov pri ťaţbe nerastných surovín .................................. 87 6.5 Návrhy riešenia stretov záujmov v oblasti energetiky ................................................ 88 7 Záver ............................................................................................................................................... 90 8 Zoznam pouţitej literatúry............................................................................................................ 92 9 Prílohy ........................................................................................................................................... 102 Zoznam skratiek a značiek BIDSF Medzinárodný fond na podporu odstavenia JE V1 Bohunice BPEJ bonitované pôdno-ekologické jednotky Bq becquerel (jednotka rádioaktivity) CO oxid uhoľnatý CO2 oxid uhličitý ČOV čistiareň odpadových vôd EIA Environmental Impact Assessment FVE fotovoltaická elektráreň HD hovädzí dobytok CHA chránený areál CHKO chránená krajinná oblasť CHVÚ chránené vtáčie územie DP dobývací priestor ENCOP Environment and Conflicts Project IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ISPA Nástroj štrukturálnej politiky v predvstupovom období JE jadrová elektráreň kB ionizačná konštanta k.ú. katastrálne územie KÚŢP krajský úrad ţivotného prostredia MŢP SR Ministerstvo ţivotného prostredia Slovenskej republiky MW megawatt MWp jednotka solárneho maximálneho výkonu za štandardných podmienok (megawatt peak) NOx oxidy dusíka NPR národná prírodná
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