210 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 11,

Also, petition of citizens of East Millstone, N. J., favoring SENATE. House bill No. 8752, for the suppressi.on of Army canteen-to the Committee on Military Affairs. TUESDAY, Decem1Je1· 11, 1900. Also, petition of citizens of East Millstone, N. J., against the sale of intoxicating liquors in our new possessions-to the Com- Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. mittee on Insular Affairs. - WILLIAM V. ALLEN, a Senator from the State of Nebraska, ap­ By l\Ir. HULL: Petition of the Retail Grocers' Associations of peared in his seat to-day. Des .Moines and Ames, Iowa, favoring the establishment of the The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro­ parcel-post system-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ ceedings, when, on request of .Mr. LODGE, and by unanimous con­ Roads. sent, the further reading was dispensed with. Also, petition of the Commercial Exchange of Des Moines, Iowa, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the J our­ favoring forestry reserve and national park in Minnesota-to the nal will stand approved. Committee on the Public Lands. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT ST .A.TIO. !N PORTO RICO. Also, resolutions of Kinsman Post, No. 7, Grand Army of the The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the fol­ Republic, Department of Iowa. favoring the passage of House bill lowing message from the President of the United States; which No. 5779 giving veterans preferment in public service-to the was read, and, on motion of Mr. GALLINGER, referred to the Com­ Committee on Reform in the Civil Service. mittee on Pacific Islands and Porto Rico, and ordered to be By Mr. JENKINS: Petition of W. L. Breckenridge, J. S. Atkin­ printed: son, and other citizens of Bayfield. Wis., in favor of the anti­ To the Senate and House of Representatives: polygamy amendment to the Constitution-to the Committee on I transmit herewith a report on investi~tionsof the agricultural resources the Judiciary. and capabilities of Porto Rico with special reference to the establishment of By Mr. KLEBERG: Petition of J. L. Ladd and other citizens of an agricult ural experiment station in that island, made in accordance with the act of Congress making appropriations for the Department of Agricul­ Bay City, Tex., asking for the construction of a coastwise canal ture for he fiscal year ending June 30, 1901. along the Texas coast-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. WILLIAM McKINLEY. ·By Mr. LACEY: Resolutions of the Commercial Exchange of E XECUTIVE MANSION December 10. 1900. Des Moines, Iowa, for forestry reserve and national park in Min­ STATUE OF LAFAYETTE AT PARIS. nesota-to the Committee on the Public Lands. Also, resolutions of Kinsman Post, No. 7, Grand Army of the The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the fol­ Republic, of Des Moines, Iowa, for the passage of the veterans' lowing message from the President of the United States; which preference bill-to the Committee on Reform in the Civil Service. was read, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com­ By Mr. LIVIl~GSTON: Par ers relating to the clai.m of Ham­ mittee on Foreign Relations, and ordered to be printed: den Hudgins, of Dekalb County, Ga.-to the Committee on War To the Senate and House of Representatives: Claims. I transmit herewith a r eport from the Secretary of State, with accompany­ ing papers. respecting the unveiling at Paris, France, on July 4, 1900, of the By Mr. MANN: Resolutions of the Chicago Jewelers' Associa­ statue of Lafayette provided by the contributions of school children of the tion, favoring forestry reserve and national park in Minnesota­ United States. to the Committee on t.he Public Lands. WILLIAM McKINLEY. ExECUTIVE MANSION, Also, papers to accompany House bill granting a pension to Washington, December 11, 1900. Phylinda Wright for services as Army nurse-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. BENJAMIN WEIL. Also, papers to accompany House bill granting a pension to The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the fol­ Gregor .MacGregor Breadalbane-to the Committee on Invalid lowing message from the President of the United States; which Pensions. was read, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com­ By .Mr. MIERS of Indiana: Paper to accompany House bill mittee on Foreign Relations, and ordered to be printed: No. 4263,granting an increase of pension to Cook Burk, of Bloom-· To the Senate and House of Represen tatives: field, Ind.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. I transmit herewith a report from the Secretary of State, with accom­ Also, paper to accompany House bill granting an increase of panying papers, showing the return to the Government of Mexico of the un­ expended balance of the award in favor of Benjamin Weil made by the pension to Stewart Barnes-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ United States and Mexican Claims Commission established under the con­ sions. vention of July 4, 1868. By Mr. NEVILLE: Petition of D. S. Beynon, of Burwell, WILLIAM McKINLEY. EXECUTIVE MANSION, Nebr. for the repeal of the special tax on proprietary medicines­ Washington, December 11, 1900. to the Committee on Ways and .Means. Also petition of members of Foote Post, No. 4.0, Department of SA..NTEE SIOUX INDIANS OF NEBRASKA.. Nebraska, in support of House bill No. 4742, amending section The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a commu­ 1225 of the Revised Statutes, relating to military instruction in nication from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting, in re­ public schools-to the Committee on Military Affairs. sponse to a resolution of May 8, 1900, certain information relative Also, papers to accompany House bill for the relief of Walter to the amount due the Santee Sioux Indians of Nebraska under L. Allison-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the fifth article of the treaty of 1876, known as the Black Hills By Mr. OTEY: Petition of the Virginia State Board of Agri­ treaty, etc.; which, with the accompanying papers, was referred culture, and resolution of the Daughters of the American Revolu­ to the Committee on Indian Affairs, and ordered to be printed. tion, of the State of Virginia, in favor of House bill No. 10, for CODE OF LAW FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.. the purchase of Temple Farm, near Yorktown, Va., by the Gov­ ernment, that it may be preserved for future generations-to the The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ Committee on Military Affairs. munication from the Secretary of War, transmitting a letter from By Mr. OTJEN: Resolution of Federated Trades Council of Col. Theodore A. Bingham, United States Army, major, Corps of Milwaukee, Wis., against the proposed increase of the Regular Engineers, calling attention to certain provisions in House bill Army-to the Committee on Military Affairs. No. 9835, to establish a code of law for the District of Columbia, By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Petition of Clark Fairbanks, and urging, for reasons stated, certain modifications in that bill of F'ort Wayne, Ind., praying for a reduction of the war-revenue in the interest of the General Government, etc.; which, with the tax-to the Committee on Ways and Means. accompanying papers, was referred to the Committee on the Dis­ By :Mr. TERRY (by request):· Paper to accompany House bill trict of Columbia, and ordered to be printed. for the relief of Mrs. Mary F. Pollan, of Little Rock, Ark.- to the J, E. TURTLE. Committee on War Claims. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ Ily .M r. WILSON of Idaho: Petition of Charles A. Clark, de­ munication from the Secretary of War, transmitting a letter from partment commander of Idaho, Grand Army of the Republic, the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, together with a letter favoring early consideration of House bill No. 5499-to the Com­ from Capt. C. A. F. Flagler, Corps of Engineers, relative to the mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. payment of a bill of cost in a suit brought in the courts of Florida By .Mr. YOUNG: Petition.of the Chamber of Commerce of New against Mr. J . E. Turtle, United States assistant engineer, em­ York, favoring a bill authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to ployed on river and harbor works in that State; which, with the exchange gold coin for any other money coined by the United States accompanying papers, was referred to the Committee on Com­ whenever it may be necessary to do so-to the Committee on Bank­ merce, and ordered to be printed. ing and Currency. Also, petition of the Valley Forge National Park Association in INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES EXHIBITION OF 1898. favor of the passage of a bill for the preservation of the field of The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the report Valley Forge-to the Committee on Military Affairs. of the United States commissioner to the International Fisheries Also, petition of John Boyle, of Philadelphia, Pa., for the repeal Exhibition of 1898 at Bergen, Norway; which was referred to the of the duty on tea- to the Committee on Ways and Means. Committee on Fisheries, and ordered to be printed.

• 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 211

ELECTOR.AL VOTES OF ALABAMA AND MISSISSIPPI. dist Episcopal and Congregational churches and of sundry citizens The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate two com­ of Edwards County, Junction City, White City, Waubaunsee, and munications from the Secretary of State, transmitting certified Alma, all in the State of Kansas, praying for the adoption of an copies of the final ascertainment of the electors for President and amendment to the Constitution to prohibit polygamy; which were Vice-President appointed in the States of Alabama and Mississippi referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. at the election held therein on the 6th day of November, 1900; Mr. KYLE presented a petition of the city council of Water­ which, with the accompanying papers, were ordered to lie on the town, S. Dak., praying for the construction of reservoirs to store table. the flood waters of the Upper Big Sioux River in Lake Kam1)eska MESSA.GE FROM THE HO"GSE, and other lakes near the head of that stream; which was referred to the Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. Mr. CULLOM presented a petition of the Woman's Christian BRow:r-.ING. its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed Temperance Union of Coral, Ill., praying for the enactment of a bill (H. R. 12291) making appropriations for the legislative, legislation to prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquors in any post executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the fiscal exchange, canteen, or upon any premises used for military pur­ year ending June 30, 1902, and for other purposes; in which it poses by the United States; which was referred to the Committee requested the concmrence of the Senate. on Military Affairs. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Bloomington, Mr. PENROSE presented a petition of the Commercial Ex­ Ill., praying for the adoption of an amendment to the Consti tuti on change of Philadelphia, Pa., praying for the enactment of legis­ to prorubit polygamy; which was referred to the Committee on lation to abolish the stamp tax upon sales of commodities in the the Judiciary. exchange of the country and upon bills of exchange drawn bv Mr. FAIRBANKS presented the petition of J. H. Whitmack 'American exporters on foreign buyers; which was referred to the and 8 other citizens of Crawfordsville, Ind., praying for the repeal Committee on Finance. of the war-revenue tax on proprietary medicines; which was re­ He also presented a petition of the Society of the Army of the ferred to the Committee on Financf:'. Potomac, praying that an appropriation be made to enable the He also presented the petition of W. A. Hamilton, of Terre Gettysburg National Park Commission to secure additional lands Haute, Ind., praying for the repeal of the war-revenue tax on in­ for the use of that park; which was referred to the Committee on surance policies; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. Military Affairs. He also presented the petition of George E. Terpen and 30 other He also presented petitions of the Christian Endeavor Society citizens of Red Key, Ind., praying for the adoption of an amend­ of the Third Reformed Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia, the ment to the Constitution defining legal marriage; which was re­ Christian Endeavor Union of Pittston, and of George H. Peace, of ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Philadelphia, all in the State of Pennsylvania., praying for the en­ Mi:. DEPEW presented 294 petitions of citizens of New York, actment of legislation to prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquors in praymg for the enactment of the so-called Grout bill, regulating any post exchange, canteen, or transport, or upon any premises the manufacture and sale of oleomargarine; which were referred used for military purposes by the United States; which were to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. PETTIGREW presented a petition of the faculty of the He also presented a petition of the Board of Trade of Wilkes­ University of South Dakota and a petition of the faculty of the barre, Pa., praying for the enactment of legislation to promote South Dakota School of l\1ines, praying for the establishment of the commerce and increase the foreign trade of the United States; a national standardizing bureau; which were referred to the Com­ · which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. mittee on Education and Labor. He also presented petitions of 45 citizens of Philadelphia, of 464 Mr. QUARLES presented a petition of the Chamber of Com­ citizens of Washington, of the congregations of the Presbyterian merce of Milwaukee, Wis., praying for the adoption of certain and Methodist Episcopal churches, the Woman's Home and amendmenta to the interstate-commerce law; which was referred Foreign Missionary Society, and the Woman's Christian Temper­ to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. ance Union of Honeybrook, and of 53 citizens of Bloomsburg, all He also presented a petition of the Wisconsin Conference of the in the State of Pennsylvania, praying for the adoption of an Me_thodist Ep~s~opal Church,, pray~ng .for t.he ena~tment of legis­ amendment to the Constitution to prohibit polygamy; which lation to prohibit the sale of mto:xicatmg liquors m any territory were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. under the control of the United States; which was referred to the Mr. WELLIN<;lTON presented a petition of 151 citizens of Committee on Pacific Islands and Porto Rico. Maryland, praying for the adoption of an amendment to the Con­ He also presented a petition of 14 business firms of Milwaukee stitution to prohibit polygamy; which was referred to the Com­ Wis., praying for a reduction of the war-revenue tax on beer~ mittee ·on the Judiciary. which was referred to the Committee on Finance. ' He also presented a petition of 37 citizens of Maryland, praying He also presented a petition of 8 citizens of Wisconsin, praying for the enactment of the so-called Grout bill, regulating the man­ for the enactment of the so-called Grout bill, regulating the manu­ ufacture and sale of oleomargarine; which was referred to the facture and sale of oleomargarine; which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Mr. ALLEN presented a petition of the congregation of the He also presented a petition of 82 citizens of Bay.field County Congregational Church of South Platte, Nebr., and a petition of Wis., praying for the adoption of an amendment to the Consti: the congregation of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of tution to prohibit polygamy; which was referred to the Commit­ Ulysses, Nebr., praying for the enactment of legislation to prohibit tee on the Judiciary. the sale of intoxicating liquors to native races in all the posses­ He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Milton Wis. sions of the United States; which were referred to the Committee praying for the enactment of legislation to prohibit the sal~ of in: on Pacific Islands and Porto Rico. toxicating liquors to native races in the island possessions of the He also presented a petition of the Omaha Clearing House Asso­ United States; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign ciation, of Omaha, Nebr., praying for a reduction of the war­ Relations. revenue tax on the capital of banks; which was referred to the Mr. MASON presented a petition of sundry druggists of Rock Committee on Finance. Islan~, Ill., pray_i~g for the repe~l of the reven~e-stamp tax upon He also presented 32 petitions of citizens of Nebraska, praying proprietarymed1cmes, perfumenes,and cosmetics; which was re­ for the enactment of the so-called Grout bill, regulating the manu­ ferred to the Committee on Finance. facture and sale of oleomargarine; which were referred to the He also presented a petition of Burden Post, No. 494, Depart­ Committee on AgricuJture and Forestry. ment of I~l~nois, G~and Army of the Republic, of Channahon, Ill., Mr. NELSON presented a petition of the Board of Trade of and a petition of Highland Post, No. 437, Department of Illinois Rochester, Minn., praying for the establishment of a national Grand Army of .the .Rep~b~ic, of Highland, Ill., praying for th~ park on the Leech Lake Indian Reservation in that State; which e~actm~nt of l~gislat10n g1vmg preference to veterans in the pub­ was referred to the Committee on Public Lands. hc service; which were referred to the Committee on Military Af­ He also presented memorials of 90 citizens of Minnesota, remon­ fairs. strating against the passage of the so-called parcels-post bill; He als~ presented 6 petitions of citizens of Illinois, praying for which were referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post­ the adoption_ of an amendment to the Constitution to prohibit po­ Roads. lygamy; wh10h were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. BAKER presented petitions of Rev. E. M. Paddleford and Mr. cx;>CKRELL presented a memorial of sundry merchants sundry ?ther ~itizens o! Highland, and of the congregations of the and busmess men of Savannah, Mo., remonstrating against the Methodist Episcopal churches of Cherokee and Marquette, all in passage of the so-called parcels-post bill; which was referred to the State of Kansas, praying for the enactment of legislation to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquors in countries inhabited by Mr. THURSTON presented a petition of sundry citizens of native races; which were referred to the Committee- on Pacific Nebraska, praying for the enactment of the so-called Grout bill Islands and Porto Rico. regulating the manufacture and sale of oleomargarine; which was He also presented petitions of the congregations of the Metho- referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. 212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. DECE:MBER 11,

Mr. FORAKER presented petitions of 91 citizens of Ohio, pray­ was referred the bill (H. R. 9555) granting an increase of pension ing for the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution to pro­ to .Nicholas Briggeman, reported it without amendment, and sub· hibit polygamy; which were referred to the Committee on the mitted a report thereon. Judiciary. Mr. KENNEY, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was He also presented a petition of the congregation of the Presby­ referred the bill (S. 4418) granting an increase of pension to terian Church of Williamsburg, Ohio, praying for the enactment Andrew J. Woodman, reported it with an amendment, and sub­ of legislation to prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquors in the mitted a report thereon. Army and all the island possessions of the United States; which He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the was referred to tbe Committee on Military Affairs. bill (S. 4277 ) granting a pension to Albert Wetzel, reported it Mr. THURSTON. I present a memorial of the Eastern or Emi­ with amendments, and submitted a report thereon. grant Cherokees, so called, praying for the payment to them per He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the capita of the fund pledged to them by the ninth article of the bill (H. R. 9010) granting an increase of pension to Charles A. treaty of 1846, being the balance of the purchase price due them Westfield, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report for the lands ceded by them to the United States under the treaty thereon. of 1835, etc. The memorial is not a lengthy paper and I move that Mr. BAKER, from the Committee on Pen ions, to whom was it be printed as a document and referred to the Committee on referred the bill (H. R. 1288) granting a pension t.o Cornelius W. Indian Affairs. Roberts, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report The motion was agreed to. thereon. He also, from the same committee, to whom were referred the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. following bills, reported them severally with amendments, and Mr. GALLINGER, from the Uommittee on Pensions, to whom submitted reports thereon: were referred the following bills, reported them each with an A bill (S. 4856) granting an increase of pension to William F. amendment, and submitted reports thereon: Cloud; and A bill (S. 5015) granting a pension to Betsey L. Woodman; A bill (S. 1986) granting a pension to Fanny Healy. A bill (S. 4841) gi·anting an increase of pension to George A. Mr. ALLEN, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was Pa1·ker; referred the bill (H. R. 5117) granting a pension to Roland Bur­ A bill (S. 5090) granting a pension toMinervaMcClernand; and nett, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report A bill (S. 5091) granting a pension to Hannah L. Palmer. thereon. l\!r. GALLINGER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom He also, from the same committee, to whom were referred the was referred the bill (S. 48.'36) granting an increase of pension to following bills, reported them severally without amendment, and Phebe Babcock, reported it with amendments, and suj)mitted a submitted reports thereon: report thereon. A bill (H. R. 7553) granting an increase of pension to Fannie He also from the same committee, to whom were referred the M. O'Linn: following bills, reported them severally without amendment, and A bill ( H. R. 7328) granting an increase of pension to John submitted reports thereon: Nicklin; A bill (S. 5016) granting an increase of pension to Francis H. A bill (H. R. 1803) granting a pension to Julia. E. G. Lewis; Buffum; A bill (H. R. 6096) granting an increase of pension to Samuel A bill (S. 5045) granting a pension to Eliza N. Lord; W. Kirkendall; and A bill (S. 5017) granting a pension to George H. Shapley; A bill (H. R. 8540) granting a pension to Lydia J . De Silva. A bill (H. R. 10381) granting an increase of pension to Gideon Mr. ALLEN (for Mr. LINDSAY), from the Committee on Pen­ W. T. Ridlon; and 'sions, to whom were referred the following bills, reported them A bill (H. R. 9719) granting a pension to Amos W. Felker. severally without amendment, and submitted reports thereon: Mr. PRITCHARD, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom A bill (H. R. 10750) granting a pension to James H. Rainey; was referred the bill (H. R.10834) granting an increase of pension A bill (H. R. 4679) granting a pension to .Micager Philpot; and to Michael Dempsey, reported it without amendment, and sub­ A bill (H. R. 10749) granting a pension to Henry L. White. mitted a report thereon. Mr. SHOUP, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom wa.s Mr. KYLE, from theCommitteeon Pensions, to whom were re­ referred the bill (H. R. 2752) granting an increase of pension to ferred the foUowing bills, reported them severally without amend­ Edmund P. Tierney, reported it with an amendment, and sub­ ment, and submitted reports thereon: mitted a report thereon. A bill (H. R. 6424) granting a pension to Charles S. Devine; and ETHELBERT WATTS. A bill (H. R. 10743) granting a pension to Augusta Ullman. Mr. LODGK I am directed by the Committee on Foreign Mr. DEBOE, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was re- Relations, to whom was referred the bill (S. 5042) to authorize fen·ed the bill (H. R. 5655) granting a pension to Lurinda Laugh­ Ethelbert Watts, consul of the United States at Kingston, Ja­ lin,reporteditwithanamendment,andsubmittedareportthereon. maica, to accept a decoration tendered to him by the Khedi ve of Mr. McCUMBER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom Egypt, to report it favorably without amendment, and I ask for was refeJ.Ted the bill (S. 1550) granting an increase of pension to its present consideration. This and another· bill I am abont to Mrs. Kate Ezekiel, reported it with amendments, and submitted report are merely formal matters. a report thereon. The Secretary reatl the bill and by unanimous consent the Sen­ Mr. McMILL.AN, from the Committee on the District of Colum­ ate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to its consideration. bia, to whom was referred the bill (S. 3219) for the protection of The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered subsurface pipes, cables, wires, and other metallic constructions to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed, in the District of Columbia from danger by electrolysis~ and for other purposes, reported it without amendment, and submitted a GEORGE W, HILL. report thereon. Mr. LODGE. lam directed bytheCommittee on Foreign Rela­ Mr. QUARLES, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom were tions, to whom was referred the bill (S. 5043 ) to authorize George referred the following bills, reported them severally with amend­ W. Hill, Chief of the Division of Publications of the Department ments, and submitted reports thereon: of Agriculture, to accept a decoration tendered to him by the Gov­ A bill (S. 5032) granting a pension to John Geibel; ernment of the French Republic, to report it favorably without A bill (8. 136) granting a pension to Harriet Clarissa Mercnr, amendment, and I ask for its pre ent consideration. widow of James Mercur, late professor of civil and military engi­ The Secretary read the bill, and by unanimous consent the Sen­ neering in the United States Military Academy at Westpoint, ate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to its consideration. N. Y.; and The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered A bill Oll vouchers to be Stephenson. approved by the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent E:q;enses of Mr. TALIAFERRO, from theCommitteeon Pensions, to whom the Senate. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 213

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION AT WASHINGTON9 Jefferson Dickerson; which was read twice by its title, and re· Mr. HALE. .Mr. President, I rise to a question as to the order ferred to the Committee on Claims. of business; that is, in reference to the proceedings to-morrow, He also introduced a bill (S. 5132) for the relief of William W. which I think ought to be settled by the Senate when it is full. Leake; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Congress passed an act, approved December 7, providing for Committee on Claims. the entire centennial celebration of the establishment of the per­ Mr. SEWELL introduced a bill (S. 5133) for the relief of Wil­ manent seat of government in this District, which is to take place liam D. Rutan; which was read twice by its title, and referred to to-morrow, the 12th of December. It has made in the act that the Committee on Claims. · day a legal holiday. It provided for "the holding by the Senate Mr. SCOTT introduced the following bills, which were sever­ and House of Representatives jointly, commemorative exercises ally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on in the Hall of the House of Representatives in the afternoon of Claims: the 12th of December, 1900, in honor of the centennial anniver­ A bill (S. 5134) for the relief of Goff A. Hall; sary," and provided further "that the two Houses of Congress A bill (S. 5135) for the relief of Annie C. Osborne, sole heir of shall assemble in the Hall of the House of Representatives on the William B. Beall, deceased; 12th day of December, 1900, at the hour of half past 3 o'clock" A bill (S. 5136) for the relief of Edward Tearney; and in the afternoon, and then goes on and details what the exercises A bill (S. 5137) for the relief of the estate of Walter Shirley, de­ shall be. ceased. Now, as representing the committee which has the celebration Mr. McMILLAN introduced a bill (S. 5138) to provide for the in charge, I bring the matter before the Senate that it may decide establishment of a port of delivery at Saginaw, Mich.; which was what shall be the order of business of the Senate to-morrow. It read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Commerce. has been made a legal holiday and the expectation is that neither Mr. BAKER introduced a bill (S. 5139) granting an increase of House will do business. Of course, I can move that when the pension to Jacob Hight; which was read twice by its title, and, Senateadjournto-dayitbetomeetonThursday,leavingto-morrow with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Pen­ a holiday, with an informal notice, which I now give, that the sions. Senate is expected to assemble with the House in the Hall of the He also introduced a bill (S. 5140) granting a pension to Mary House of Representatives, where places will be reserved for the C. Coombs; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the en tire Senate, or I can move, which I myself rather incline to think Committee on Pensions. is in the best taste, that the Senate shall meet to-morrow here ~t Mr. NELSON introduced a bill (S. 5141) extending the provi­ 3 o'clock and then proceed as a body to the Hall of the House of sions of section 2301 of the Revised Statutes of the United States Representatives. to homestead settlers on the ceded Indian reservation in Minne­ lt seems to me, in reading over the act, that it is contemplated sota; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com· there shall be a joint session, and that the fitting way would be mittee on Public Lands. for the Senate, or Senators who may be here, to go to the Cham­ Re also introduced a bill (S. 5142) granting an increase of pen­ ber of the Honse as a body. I should like to have the suggestion sion to Emma Foote Glenn; which was read twice by its title, of any Senator as to which is the better way. and, with the accompanying paper, referred to the Committee on M.r. COCKRELL. Doesnotthelawitself contemplate that both Pensions. bodies shall meet officially? Mr. PETTIGREW introduced a bill (S. 5143) to provide for the Mr. HALE. The language is as I have read: acquisition, purchase, colli!truction, and condemnation by the That the two Houses of Congress shall assemble in the Hall of the House United States of America of railroads lying in the Territories of of Representatives on the 12th day of December, 1900, at the hour of haif the United States, the respective States, and the District of Co­ past 3 o"clock p. m. lumbia engaged in interstate commerce in carrying the mails, and Mr. COCKRELL. That means as an organization? to provide for the operation of said roads by the United States, and Mr. LODGE. Oh, yes; as a body. amending the act of Congress of February 4, 1887, entitled "An Mr. HALE. It seems to me that way. act to regulate interstate commerce," and for other purposes; Mr. COCKRELL. I understand the House of Representatives which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying pa· has agreed that when it adjourns to-day it shall meet at 3.15 to­ per. which was ordered to be printed, referred to the Committee morrow, and it seems to me that it would be appropriate for us on Interstate Commerce. not to adjourn over until Thursday, but to adjourn to-day to Mr. GALLINGER introduced a bill (S. 5144) granting an in· meet at 3 o'clock to-morrow and then go as a body to the Hall of crease of pension to Charles Scott; which was read twice by its the House. . title, and, with the accompanying paper, referred to the Commit. Mr. HALE. That is what seemed to me to be the desirable tee on Pensions. course to pursue. If there is no objection, then, I will move that .Mr. CLA. Y (by request) introduced a bill (S. 5145) granting an when the Senate adjourns to-day it be to meet to-morrow at 3 increase of pension to John J . .Martin; which was read twice by o'clock, giving notice to all Senators present that no business will its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. be done, and that the Senate will be expected as a body to proceed Mr. MASON introduced a bill (S. 5146) for the relief of Robert to the Hall of the House of Representatives. I make that motion, H. Jones; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Mr. President. Committee on Pensions. The PRESIDENT pro tern pore. The Senator from Maine moves He also introduced a bill (S. 5147) for the relief of B. J. D. that when the Senate adjourns to-day it adjourn to meet to­ Irwin; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com­ morrow at 3 o'clock. mittee on Claims. The motion was a.greed to. Mr. PENROSE introduced a bill (S. 5148) to provide for raising and preserving the hull of the Niagm·a, the flagship of Commo­ BILLS INTRODUCED. dore Perry in the battle of Lake Erie; which was read twice by Mr. BERRY introduced a bill (S. 5123) to remove the charge of its title, and referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. desertion against Thomas Cordingly; which was read twice by its Mr. PETTUS (for Mr. 1.fORGAN) introduced the following bills; title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Commit­ which were severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the tee on Naval Affairs . Committee on Claims: .Mr. KYLE introduced a bill (S. 5124) for the survey and con­ A bill (S. 5149) for the relief of H. C. Armistead (with accom­ struction of reservoirs on the head waters of the Big Sioux River, panying papers); in the State of South Dakota; which was read twice by its title, A bill (S. 5150) for the relief of the estate of Jonathan Paulk, and referred to the Committee on Irrjgation and Reclamation of deceased; and Arid Lands. A bill (S. 5151) for the relief of the estate of William McD. Mr. KENNEY introduced the following bills; which w.eresever­ Taylor, deceased. ally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on Pensions: AMENDMENTS TO APPROPRIATION BILLS. A bill (S. 5125) granting an increase of pension to Sarah A. Mr. McMILLAN submitted an amendment proposing to appro· Hayes; priate $10,000 to enable the Librarian to keep open the Library of A bill (S. 5126) granting a pension to John T. Thompson; Congress from 2 until 10 o'clock p. m. on Sundays, intended to A bill (S. 5127) granting a pension to Annie M. McHugh; be proposed by him to the legislative, executive, and judicial ap· A bill (S. 5128) granting an increase of pension to Benjamin R. propriation bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Wiley; and Library, and ordered to be printed. A bill (S. 5129) granting a pension to Eliza P. Carter. Mr. PETTIGREW submitted an amendment proposing to l\Ir. TALIAFERRO introduced a bill (S. 5130) providing for build dams and construct reservoirs on the Sioux River in South the erection of a public building at the city of Fernandina, Fla., Dakota, intended to be proposed by him to the river and harbor and for other purposes; which was read twice by its title, and appropriation bill; which was referred to the Committee on Com­ referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. merce, and ordered to be printed. Mr. MONEY introduced a bill (S. 5131) for the relief of Capt. He also submitted an amendment proposing to appropriate 214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECE!IBER 11,

$150,000 for the construction of permanent buildings at Fort which they are'transported, and to change the tax on oleomarga­ Meade, S. Dak., intended to be proposed by him to the sundry rine, was read twice by its title. civil appropriation bill; which was referred to the Committee on The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senate having, on a former Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. occasion, by a majority vote, referred a similar bill to the Com­ NANNIE E. YA.STE, mittee on Agriculture and Forestry, the Chair would feel obliged, without instructions, to make the same reference. l\Ir. WELLINGTON _submitted thefollowingresolution; which Mr. ALDRICH. I was about to say that the Senate, having was referred to the Committee to Audit and Control the Contin­ invariably, as I remember, referred bills in regard to the produc­ gent Expenses of the Senate: tion and sale of oleomargarine to the Committee on Agriculture Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate be, and he hereby is, author­ ized and directed to pay to Nannie E. Yaste, widow of Daniel A. Yaste, de­ and Forestry, I do not object to the reference. ceased, late a member of the Capitol police force, a sum equal to six months' Mr. COCKRELL. We can not hear the Senator from Rhode salary, at the rate he was receiving by law at the time of his demise, said Island. sum to be considered as including funeral expenses and all other allowances. Mr. ALDRICH. I do not object to the reference suggested by HARVEY R. M'RA.VEN. the Chair. Mr. JONES of Arkansas submitted the following resolution; The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill, then, is referred to the which was referred to the Committee on Claims: Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Resolved, That the bill (S. 5121) entitled "A bill for the relief of Harvey R. Mr. VEST. What bill is that? JUcRaven, son of Tranquilla McRaven, deceased," now pending in the Senate, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The oleomargarine bill, as it together with all the accompanying papers, be, and the same is hereby, re­ is known. ferred to the Court of Claims in pursuance of the provisions of the act entitled "An act to provide for the bringing of suits against the Government of t he l\Ir. VEST. Is that a motion? United States," approved March 3, 1837, and the said court shall proceed witll The PRESIDENT pro tempore. No; the Chair stated that, in­ the same in accordance with the provisions of such act, and report to the structed by a former majority vote of the Senate, he felt himself Senate in accordance therewith. constrained to refor the bill to the Committee on Agriculture and COMMITTEE SERVICE, Forestry. Mr. COCKRELL. I move that the vacancies upon the Commit­ Mr. VEST. What majority vote was that? tee on the District of Columbia, the Committee on the Geological The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It was a vote taken at some Survey, the Committee on Indian Affairs, the Committee on Mines previous date, I do not remember when, after the matter bad been and Mining, the Committee on Pacific Islands and Porto Rico, thoroughly discussed on a similar bill, when the Senate by a ma­ the Committee on Territories, and the Committee on Railroads be jority of 1 referred the bill to the Committee on Agriculture and filled by the appointment of the junior Senator from Minnesota Forestry. [Mr. TOWNE]. Mr. GALLINGER. It was in the Forty-ninth Congress. The PRESIDENT pro tBmpore. The Senator from Missouri Mr. VEST. Mr. President. the statement that it was a similar moves that the vacancies on the several committees which he has bill may be correct to a certain extent, but it was a very different read in the presence of the Senate be filled by the appointment of bill. the junior Senator from Minnesota (Mr. TOWNE]. Is there objec­ We might as well right now meet the question in regard to the tion? The Chair hears none; and it is so ordered. reference of this measure. It is either a revenue bill or it is not THE PURE-FOOD BILL. a revenue bill. The Grout bill, as it is termed, imposes a tax of 10 cents a pound upon colored oleomargarine without reference l\Ir. MASON. Mr. President, I desire to give a notice, and I to whether it is an article of interstate commerce or not. ask the attention of the Senate. Now, if it is an honest bill its object is to increase revenue. If I wish to give notice that as soon as it may be convenient in it is a dishonest bill and an attempt to use the taxing power of the consideration of other bills and treaties, I shall ask the Sen­ the United States for the police exercise of the State, then in de­ ate, some time in the comini? week, to take up for consideration fault of any statement by the chairman of the Committee on Fi­ the bill known as the pure-food bill, what is known in the House nance, of which I am a member, I insist-- as the Brosius bill. I ask Senators to give the matter attention. Mr. BERRY. The chairman of the Committee on Finance, as I It is t'he general legislation recommended by the committee of understood him, said he did not object to its going to the Com­ the House and the committee of the Senate. I think that the Ag­ mittee on Agriculture and Forestry. Was that the statement? ricultural Committee have also reported a bill, but I have no pride Mr. ALDRICH. I stated that in view of the action taken here­ of opinion so far as committees are concerned. I am jnst as will­ tofore upon a bill of this nature I did not care to raise a question ing to take up their bill as the one reported by the committee of or make any objection to its reference to the Committee on Agri­ which I am chairman, the Committee on Manufactures. culture and Forestry. I will say to the Senate that we have taken several hundred Mr. VEST. I did not hear the Senator, forthere was great con­ nrinted pages of evidence; that the subject is one of very great fusion here. I did not hear even the Senator who made the mo­ importance; that the matter of pure food and food adulteration tion or suggested that it be referred to the Committee on Agricul­ bas attracted the attention of a large number of people in the ture and Forestry, or, if the Chair made tho suggestion, I did not United States, and that I most sincerely hope there will be no ob­ even hear that. jection to the consideration of the measure within the next week It seems to me, Mr. President, that all bills affecting the reve­ or ten days, when more important matters, if they are more im­ nues and finances of the United States ought to go to the Commit­ portant, shall have been disposed of. I do not fix any time now, tee on Finance, or else that committee ought to abdicate its func­ but I shall ask some time in the coming week for a vote upon the tions as marked out by the rules and leave the bills to float pro­ bill, the substance of which is the Brosius bill. miscuously around amongst other committees at the option of CO:M.lliTTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE INAUGURATION, different Senators. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the Here is a bill which is unquestionably a revenue bill, or it is a Senate a resolution coming over from a previous day, which will dishonest bill. If it is a police regulation, let us know it; but I be read. see no reason why the rules of the Senate should be set aside in The resolution submitted yesterday by Mr. HANNA was read, as order that this matter should be, to a certain el...i:ent, prejudged. follows: I will say right in this connection that for the first time in my I is Resolt-ed, That a committee of three Senators be appointed by the Presi­ public service have been inundated-that the word-with pe­ dent pro tempore of the Senate to make the necessary arrangements for the titions, not only from my own State, but other States, asking that inauguration of the President-elect of the United States on the 4th da y of this bill shall be referred to the Committee on Agriculture and March next. Forestry. It is no unusual thing for Senators and Representa­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to tives to be asked to vote for or against a measure, but this is the the resolution. first time in all my experience that petitions have been sent here The resolution was agreed to. in floods asking that the Senate shall set aside its rules and refer HOUSE BILL REFERRED. a :financial bill, a revenue bill, to the Committee on Agriculture The bill (H. R.12291) making appropriations for the legislative, and Forestry. It seems to be the impression of the friends of this executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the fiscal measure-I do not propose to discuss its details now-that it would be unsafe to send it to the proper committee, and therefore an ex­ year ending June 30, 1902, and for oth~r purposes, was !e~d twice ception is to be made. by its title, and refen·ed to the Committee on Appropriations. I shall enter my objection to the reference to that committee, THE OLEOMARGARrnE BILL. and ask that the Senate shall be called upon to dispose of the ques­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the tion. Senate a bill from the House of Representatives and calls the at­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair will regard it as an tention of the Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. ALDRICH] to the open question. bill. Mr. KYLE. Mr. President, it strikes me that the reference of The bill (H. R. 3717) making oleomargarine and other imitation any bill to a committee is determined by its main character. The dairy products subject to the laws of the State and Territory into primary feature of the Grout bill is to prevent the adulteration 1900. CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENATE. 215

of food and to prevent the sale of colored oleomargarine. The whether that bill should go to the Fi'l'lance Committee or to the taxing feature of the bill is a secondary consideration. That Committee on Agriculture, and the Senate decided, as the Presi­ being the case, it seems to me that it should go naturally to the dent pro tempore has stated, by a majority vote in favor of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. The petitions to which deference to the Committee on Agriculture. When that bill was the Senator from Missouri refers come from the farmers and the passed by Congress, I was not a member. The bill was before dairymen of the country, and they are very important factors to the Senate committee and contained a tax upon the same theory be considered. that the old oleomargarine bill, the present law, contains a tax. l\:Ir. PROCTOR. Mr. President, Imovethereferenceof thebill That was referred to the Committee on Agriculture, and I think to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. this bill should be referred to the Committee on Agriculture.• It I have no desire as a member of that committee to bring any is altogether within the control of the Senate. I hope the motion measure to it that does not properly belong there. A great num­ of the Senator from Vermont fMr. PROCTOR] will be adopted. ber of petitions and remonstrances upon both sides and a great Mr. DANIEL. Before the Senator sits down, I should like to many delegations have come befo:e that.com~ittee, papers upon ask him a question. Would he be willing to express in this bill the subject have been referred to it, and it appears that measmes that it is not for the purpose of revenue, but for the exercise of of this kind have always gone to that committee. the police power? I do not think it is in its essence and spirit a bill for the raising Mr. SPOONER. I shall not contend, so far as I am concerned, of revenue. It is for the protection of the agricultural industry that it is for the purpose of revenue. that this manufacture shall not sail under false colors, and the Mr. FORAKER. What is the bill? tax is only a method of insuring that that shall not be done. It Mr. DANIEL. The bill is not before the Senate. This is a is not a measure for revenue. question of its reference. It is the Grout bill. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question before the Sen­ Mr. FORAKER. I know that; but I fish to know what is ate is on the motion of the Senator from Vermont [Mr. PROCTOR] the exact title of the bill. to refer the bill to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The title of the bill will be Mr. STEWART. Mr. President, to whatever committee the stated. bill goes, it ought to be investigated pretty carefully. I have al­ The SECRET.ARY. A bill (H. R. 3717) making oleomargarine ways been in favor of stringent laws requiring oleomargarine to and other imitation dairy products subject to the laws of the be designated so that people may know what they are buying, but State and Territory into which they are transported, and to this bill, if passed, of course stops the manufacture of it alto­ change the tax on oleomargarine. gether. Whether it is so injurious to health, when, as we know, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is the Senate ready for the many poor people buy it, that we ought to stop absolutely its question? manufacture is a very serious question, and that will be the effect Mr. MONEY. Mr. President, with reference to the remark of of this bill. It goes beyond anything heretofore. the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. SPOONER] as to the tax of 10 per l\.lr. GALLINGER. If the Senator from Nevada will permit rent on State banks, that was construed by the courts, if I recol­ me, it does not stop its manufacture if it is not colored. It may lect aright, as a suppression of a competition with the General stop the manufacture of colored oleomargarine in imitation of Government in the supply of currency to the country; and it was butter. adjudged that they had a right to do it; that when they under­ Mr. STEWART. As far as that is concerned, I think nearly took to issue paper currency they had a right to make it good; all butter and dairy products are colored. The investigation of and that one means of accomplishing it was to tax the State banks. dairy products presents a great field. Undoubtedly there is much Mr. SPOONER. Will the Senator allow me there? of disease in all cities, so all the physicians say, resulting from Mr. MONEY. Certainly. unclean dairy products. This question might be investigated. Mr. SPOONER. The statement of the Senator does not at all Nearly all manufacturers use coloring matter. The butter you differ from mine that the tax was not a tax imposed for revenue. see is not of its natural color. That is the fact. Mr. MONEY. I agree with the Senator about that; but I am So I say, without discussing the question now, that beforea bill also talking about the motive. I do not agree with the Senator of this character is passed, which practically destroys an industry, from South Dakota [Mr. KYLE], who says the primary object of it ought to be thoroughly investigated to see if we can not have a this bill is to prevent the adulteration of food and that the reve­ law passed to protect everybody; that will let ns know what we nue to be derived from it _is entirely secondary. I think the are buying, and still not destroy an industry. primary object of this bill is to tax one interest at the expense of Mr. KYLE. Will the Senator allow me to ask him if the Com­ another interest. It is a tax on an industry which is lawful and mittee on Agriculture is not the proper committee for the consid­ legitimate in every way, as to the using of a wholesome food eration of such a subject? product, that another industry may profit by it. That is the real Mr. STEWART. 'fo whatever committee the bill may go, I question involved in this bill. As a member of the Committee on wish to protest against its being rushed through without being Agriculture, I follow the lead of the distinguished chairman, but fully investigated. I think it should be investigated. I have re­ it is no use for us to go into a discussion of this question upon the ceived a very large numberof petitions from personslivinginpor­ reference of the bill, not understanding exactly what is intended. tions of my State where they have this manufacture. They are I do not suppose there is a Senator here who has not gotten all pretty much in the same language, showing that there is an thousands of printed cards, issued from some general headquar­ extraordinary effort to push such a bill through without consid­ ters-I do not know where-and letters without number praying eration. Whatever committee gets it, I only request that there us to enable the dairyman to make money by suppressing an in­ shall be a thorough investigation had before legislation as radical dustry that competes in the market with their product as a food. as that which is proposed shall be adopted. I am myself willing to protect the dairyman from fraud or im­ l\Ir. SPOONER. Mr. President, I am a member of the Com­ position, and especially I am willing to protect the consumer. I mittee on Finance, but I think this bill ought to go to the Commit­ am willing also to protect the seller of oleomargarine and prevent tee on Agriculture in view of the precedents heretofore established his deceiving his consumer; but it is as well for the Senate to con­ by the Senate. sider that this is a proposition to tax one industry for the benefit This is no occasion, of course, to discuss the merits of the bill, of another. That is the whole thing. but whether the bill is rushed through or not as legislation de­ Mr. FORAKER. If that be true, I will ask the Senator, with­ pends not upon any committee of the Senate, but upon the Senate. out interrupting him, if the bill should not go to the Committee I do not suppose this bill, or any other bill to which there is oppo­ on Agriculture and Forestry? sition, will go through without discussion, analysis, and inves­ Mr. MONEY. I think it should. tigation. Mr. ALLISON. I only desire to say a word on this subject. I · The Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST] is not quite right, I understand this bill-although I have not examined it with care­ think, in assuming that a tax, in order to be an honest tax, must proposes to reduce the tax on oleomargarine in one condition and be of necessity a tax for revenue. So far as taxation ordinarily to increase it in another. It is an amendment really to the exist­ is exercised it is, of course, for revenue, but there have been cases, ing law, which was examined and considered originally by the and I presume there will be others, where there is no pretense Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. I believe it is a proper that the taxation is for revenue. When the 10 per cent tax was subject for that committee rather than for the Committee on levied upon the circul:ition of State banks, no one pretended that Finance. I think we all agree that the question of the tax is rather it was a revenue tax. incidental than otherwise. They exercised the taxing power, which is not limited by the Mr. VEST. Mr. President, a single word. I do not want to de­ Constitution. 1n the wisdom of Congress for entirely different tain the Senate unnecessarily. If my objection to the reference purposes. When the oleomargarine bill was beforn the Senate, I of the bill to the Committee on Agriculture has done nothing else, think it was in the Forty-ninth Congress, it levied a tax that no it has elicited the confession, to use that word, or the statement, if one pretended was a revenue tax. It was a tax to give Congress that word be preferred, that this is not a bill to raise revenue. jurisdiction to regulate-a tax which the authorities show was In reply to the Senator from Iowa [Mr. ALLISON] I will say that legitimately exercised by Congress if Congress thought it a proper the salient point, as everybody will admit who wants to be sincere case. We had a very elaborate discussion at that time as to and honest about this matter, is in regard to the second section of 216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .. DECEMB~R 11,

the bill. There is no especial conflict in regard to the first, but it Mr. CARTER. That is the extent of the motion and that is all is as to that provision which puts a tax of 10 cents a pound upon the resolution provides, as I understand. colored oleomargarine. .Mr. PETTUS. The resolution gives instructions to the com­ I repeat, Mr. President, and I do so at the risk of being sneered mittee as to what they shall do. at as a constitutional lawyer-which seems to be a most obnox­ Mr. CARTER. In that particular the resolution is appropriate ious phrase at the present time, the Constitution being very much in form and does not go beyond the limits of propriety. I move at a discount-I risk the statement that if this bill has for its the adoption of the resolution. primary object the exercise of the police power by the Federal The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to Gov.ernment inside the respective States without regard to the the resolution. interstate-commerce clause of the Constitution, it is a plain vio­ Mr. PETTUS. I hope the Senator will not force the committee lation of the fundamental law of the land; and I want to as.k any to do certain things by instruction. As I stated before, there is Senator here if this bill could have originated in the Senate·? no objection to the reference of the resolution to the Committee That is the test. Why did it come here from the House of Rep­ on Privilege.s and Elections. The committee will then do what resentatives? Because all bills raising revenue or affecting the it thinks right and proper. The chairman of the committee is revenue, under the Constitution, must originate in the popular bere present. I do not see thatanything is to be gained by order­ branch of Cong1·ess. . ing the committee to do certain things, and therefore I object to The Senator from Wisconsin rMr· SPOONER] frankly admits, as the resolution in that form. was stated-if I may be permitted to say so without violating the Mr. CARTER. The resolution as presented by the chairman rules of debate-in the other branch of Congress openly, boldly, of the Committee on Privileges and Elections is on the table. I and unhesitatingly that they care nothing for revenue. They think it is very impo1·tant that whatsoever of instruction may be could not very well have said anything else, considering we are found contained in the resolution should be executed. My duty now engaged in reducing the revenue, when there is a surplus of in the matter, as I see it, requires me to ascertain to the extent of $80,000,000, down to $40,000,000. But all argument is unnecessary my ability what prevents the State of Montana from having at in regard to that matter, because it is admitted by the friends of this time full representation on the floor of the Senate. the bill that it is not for the purpose of raising revenue, but it is The lieutenant-governor, in the absence of the governor of the a police regulation; and it is now proposed to turn the Congress State, sought to make an appointment to fill the vacancy caused of the United States into a State legislature and to ti·eat all the by the resignation of .Mr. Clark. Thereafter, some objection States of the Union as if they were one State. being urged to that appointment, the governor, upon his return to There are 32 States now in the United States, including my own the St.ate, attempted to revoke the appointment made by the State, that absolutely prohibit the sale of colored oleomargarine. lieutenant-governor, and having performed that act, as he sup­ Not satisfied with the legislation in 32 States, which is entirely in posed he bad a right to do, the governor appointed another per­ accordance with the Constitution, remitting all police and inspec­ son, a difierent person from the one named by the lieutenant­ tion laws to the plenary jurisdiction of the States, these dairymen governor in the previous certificate. now come to Congress and want to take away the jurisdiction of One or the other of these appointments must be effective, legal, the 32 States that have acted. and all the balance that might act, and regular. If the appointment mad.a by the lieutenant-governor and to make Congress the sole tribunal for exercising police power is for any reason void, then, as a matter of fact, the appointment _ within the States. Mr. President, if that is not a violation of the subsequently made by the governor would be valid. If, on the Consiitution of the United States I am utterly unable to ever dis­ other hand, the appointment made by the lieutenant-governor was cover one. a valid appointment, the subsequent action of the governor in I repeat, that the test in regard to this question is whether this attempting to revoke that appointment raises a serious question bill could have originated in the S~nate, and every Senator here requiring investigation. I assume that if the lieutenant-governor knows that it could not, for it is a revenue measure. had ample authority under the constitution of the State to make Whatever the chairman of my Committee on Finance may do, the appointment and did make the appointment in regular man­ I feel very much like saying that I would rather have service on ner and form, the power of the governor to make a sub equent some other committee if we are to stand here silent and see the appointment to fill the same vacancy could not be considered as jurisdiction which the rules of the Senate give to the great Finance well founded. . Committee of this body absolutely destroyed. ~Ir. SPOONER. Mr. President- Mr. ALDRICH. Mr. President, the Senator from :Missouri Mr. CARTER. If the Senator will allow me one moment fur­ [Mr. VEST] is quite as well aware as I am that when this bill jg ther, I will yield. reported back from the Committee on Agriculture, if it should go I am not prepared to say, nor can the Senate in the present sit­ there-and I believe it will, whether he or any other member of uation of the case, unadvised by any committee say, what the very the Committee on Finance desires it-we shall have full opportu­ right of the matte1· is and what the legal status of these respec­ nity to discuss the bill on its merits. Neither that bill nor any tive appointments may be, and I think it eminently proper in re­ other bill of that nature is likely to pass this Senate in secrecy and ferring the credentials to the Committee on Privileges and without discussion. We all understand what the bill is for-that Elections to advise that committee of the desire of the Senate to is, most of us do-and when it gets back here from the Coi:nmittee be informed as to what it is right and proper and legal to do in on Agriculture, there will be ample opportunity to discuss it and the premises. The State of Montana is entitled to full representa­ have a reference to another committee if the Senate itself shall tion on the floor of the Senate, and I feel it my duty to urge such think that that action is desirable. I do not, however: see any­ action as will result in securing at the earliest practicable date the thmg to be gained at this stage of the proceedings in antagonizing representation to which the State is entitled. the motion of the Senator from Vermont [Mr. PROCTOR]. Mr. SPOO:NER. Is the Senator from Montana satisfied that he The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the motion is accurate in his statement that one or the other of these ap­ to refer the bill to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. pointments must be, and is, valid? If the Senate should adopt The motion was agreed to. the report of the Committee on Privileges and Elections, which is SENATOR FROM MO:STA.NA. on the table and unacted upon, or on the Calendar, in which they declare unanimously that there was no election whatever by the Mr. CARTER. Mr. President, pursuant to notice heretofo1·e legislature of .Montana, would it not follow from the decision of given, I now call up for consideration Senate resolution No. 371, the Senate in the Quay case and in the Oregon case that the gov­ relating to the appointment of a Senator from Montana. ernor could not appoint at all? The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Mont.an.a Mr. CARTER. My statement was made upon the assumption calls up a resolution, which will be read. that Mr. Clark was at the time of his resi crnation a Senator. I The Secretary read the resolution submitted by Mr. CHANDLER did not have reference to the legal proposition raised by the Sen­ May 25, 1900, as follows: ator from Wisconsin, which is a very serious one indeed. Resolved, That the credentials showing the appointment as Senator from the State of Montana of William A. Clark, signed by Acting _Governor A. E. Mr. SPOONER. But the Senator is proposing to instruct the Spriggs, and the credentials showing a like appointment of Martin Maginnis, committee to report upon this legal proposition. signed by Governor Robert B. Smith, be t.aken from the table and referred .Mr. CARTER. The resolution speaks for itself; and I will read to the Committee on Privile~es and .Elections, and that said committee be directed to inquirewhethereitherofsaidappointees basbeendulya.ndlegally it, if the Senator will permit me. ~ppoin ted to a seat in the Senate as Senator from said State of Mon tan.a. and Resolved, That the credentials showing the appointment as Senator from if so, to report which of said appointees is entitled to be admitted totheseat. the State of Montana of William A. Clark, signed by Acting Governor A. E. Mr. PETTUS. Mr. President, I have no objection at all to the Spriggs. and the credentials showing a like appointment of Martinl\Irurinnis, signed by Governor Robert B. Smith, be taken from the table and referred reference of the resolution, but I do not see that it is necessary to to the Committee on Privileges and Elections, and that said committee be give the committee instructions as to what they shall do. direct;ed to inquire whether either of said appointees has bee11. duly and Ur. CARTER. My duty in the matter will be disposed of by a legally appointed to a seat in the Senate as Senator from said ~tate of Mon­ tana; and if so, to report which of said appointees is entitled to be admitted reference, as the resolution requires, of the credentials to the Com­ to the seat. mittee on Privileges and Elections. Mr. PETTUS. If the Senator will merely move that the cre­ It was not the purpose of the Senator from .Montana to give any dentials be referred, there will be no objection, as I understand.. instruction to the Committee on Privileges and Elections; indeed, 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 217

that could not be done, as the resolution if adopted would contain pointment. I should say again, speaking frankly on a question its own warrant to that committee. of which I have not a matured opinion, that the Senators who Mr. SPOONER. I have no objection to the resolution; but it were opposed to the seating of Senator Quay would be obliged to seems to me, as the foundation of the whole business, there must treat what may be the valid one of these appointments as invalid be a determination by the Senate of the question whether the if there never had been a legal election, and to treat it as valid Committee on Privileges and Elections was right in its report if the vacancy took place by resignation. that no one was elect-ed in Montana. That presents, then, the These, Mr. President, may be mere academic questions. They question which has been so often discussed and which, of course, may not have any direct bearing upon the proposed action of the will be discussed again, whether, after the legislature meets and Senate. for any reason fails to elect, any governor or lieutenant-governor It seems to me that this resolution ought to go back to the com­ under any circumstances has the power to appoint. mittee-a resolution reported when the Senator from Montana was The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing here; a resolution which may not be the appropriate resolution to the resolution. for the committee to report, the Senat-Or from Montana having The resolution was agreed to. gone away. . 1!Ir. CHANDLER. I now ask that the resolution No. 284 on the .Mr. BACON. Mr. President, the resolution which the Senator Calendar, the resolution reported by the Committee on Privileges from New Hampshire now asks to have recommitted to the com· and Elections on May 30, moo, may be recommitted to the com­ mittee is one which related, if I recollect its terms correctly, exclu­ mittee. sively to the question of the right of William A. Clark to a seat in The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is the1·e objection to the re­ this body. That was the scope of it; that was the beginning of it quest of the Senator from New Hampshire? and the ending of it; and when William A. Clark vacated his seat Mr. BACON. What resolution is that? in this body, that question was necessarily no longer a live ques­ Mr. CHANDLER. The resolution declaring that William A. tion-it was ended. Clark was not duly elected to a seat in the Senate of the United Mr. President, the Senator from New Hampshire says that the States by the legislature of the State of Montana. contention of some members of this body is that if the position Mr. BACON. What is the motion of the Senator? of the committee was correct a vacancy in the office of Senator Mr. CHANDLER. To recommit that resolution to the Com­ from l\Iontana in consequence existed from the beginning. I do mittee on Privileges and Elections. not think there is any lawyer in the Senate who wonld take such Mr. BACON. Would the Senator object to stating to the Sen­ a position. However true it might be that the opinion of the ate what is the purpose of the recommittal, as the matter has been committee and the conclusion which it reached were correct, no disposed of? one will deny that while Senator Clark sat in this Chamber he Mr. CHANDLER. I will state with pleasme, Mr. President, was a de facto member of this body. There is no court which the object of the motion. would not uphold any action of this body, even though that action When that resolution was reported unanimously by the com­ might have been determined by a majority of one and that ma­ mittee Senator Clark was here in his seat under the election which jority of one been had by the vote of the then Senator from Mon­ had taken place. Before an opportunity was given to the Senate tana. to act upon that resolution the Senator from Montana rose, made Mr. President, another necessary feature of the case is that sug­ explanations, and went through the form of a resignation of his gested by the inquiry of the Senator from Missouri, and that is seat in the Senate. That changed the whole aspect of the case. not only that William A. Clark was at one time a de facto officer, The Senator left the Senate. The seat was undoubtedly vacant a de facto Senator, one whose vote as such counted as much as from that time on. The Senator did not wait to have an inquiry the vote of any Senator here, but that when he resigned a vacancy by the Senate or a discussion by the Senate into the merits of the was created, and that no longer was he thereafter a Senator in resolution which had been reported, but forestalled and for the this body. The President pro tempore, so soon as Senator Clark time being prevented any discussion of the merits of that resolu­ announced to the Senate that he had resigned his seat, directed tion and the question of whether or not he had been legally the Secretary to omit to call his name, and in a roll call had on elected. the same day the name of William A. Clark was not called. Very In the opinion of some Senators if Mr. Clark had not been legally properly. I think, Mr. President, that direction was given, and it elected, the seat, in contemplation of law, had always been vacant, was a fnll recognition, a recognition acquiesced in by the Senate and the vacancy occUl'red by a failure to elect in the proper, law­ and continued to this day, of the fact that William A. Clark was ful, and constitutional method. Other Senators think that the no longer a member of the Senate, and that he had ceased to be a va-0ancy was created by the resignation of an office to which the Senator by virtue of his resignation. incumbent had at the time a legal right. Now, Mr. President, Mr. CHANDLER. It is the last statement of the Senator that that question becomes material in connection with the reference I challenge. I submit that the presiding officer recognized noth­ of the credentials of two persons claiming to have been appointed ing but the fact that the seat was then vacant. How the vacancy to fill this vacant place; and it is a proper subject for the Com­ had been created the President pro tempore of the Senate did not mittee on Privileges arid Elections to consider in connection with undertake to decide. those credentials. I wish to ask the Senator this question, whether, if in contem­ Then, further, Mr. President, to be perfectly frank with the platfon of law that election was void from the beginning by Senator from Georgia, it seems to me that the committee might bribery and corruption, the Senator from Montana who sat here desire to report a different resolution from the one which they under that election could change the quality of the vacancy by did report. The one which they reported was never acted upon tendering a resignation, or would the quality of th~ vacancy be by the Senate. The Senator from Montana went .away from the exactly the same as if the Senate had passed the resolution re­ Senate; he did not wait for the consideration of that resolution ported by the committee? .and the declaration that the seat was vacant. It may be that the Mr. BACON. The Senator from New Hampshire entirely begs committee will now desire to further consider whether a different the question.. kind of resolution should not be reported to the Senate for its Mr. CHANDLER. I beg the Senator to state his distinction. action. The whole case has not been disposed of by the departure Mr. BAOON. I will do so if the Senator from New Hampshire of Senator Clark. The committee has the right to propose and will give me the opportunity. The Senator from New Hamp· the Senate has the right to take action in view of the methods by shire begs the question when he avoids the proposition that Mr. which the committee unanimously declared the election of the Clark was .a de facto Senator. If he was a de facto Senator, his Senator from Montana had been obtained. acts as a Senator were valid, and his vote counted as the vote of Mr. VEST. May I ask the Senat.or a question? any other Senator; and any act which was passed by a majority • The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from New of only one was a valid law, and would be so held by any court, Hampshire yield? although his vote was necessary to make that majority. Mr. CHANDLER. Certainly. .Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. President-· Mr. VEST. I should like to ask the Sen3tor from New Hamp­ Mr. BACON. Will the Senator pardon me for a moment? I shire if, in any event, taking his own position in regard to that reso­ have not had time to answet· his question. I will take one ques­ lution, or considering the resignation of Senator Clark, whether tion at a time, with his permission. If he was adefacto8enator, there is not a vacancy and was not a vacancy when he filed that then necessarily he must cease to be such de facto Senator either resjgnation? by his own act in resigning or by his death or by the action of this Mr. CHANDLER. The Senator from Nebraska did me the body in expelling him or declaring his seat vacant, as the case honor to ask me that question last summer, and the only conces­ might be. sion I made was that the seat was undoubtedly vacant. How it Mr. CHANDLER. Now will the Senator allow me? was vacated I did not say. Mr. BACON. No, sir; if the Senator will pardon me. I do-not, Mr. VEST. Does it make any difference, really, how it was va­ of course, wish to be discourteous, and I will yield to him in one cated, if it was vacant? moment. Therefore it necessarily follows that that vacancy was Mr. CHANDLER. Theoretically, perhaps, it does. Undoubt­ created by the fact of his resignation. If he had never taken his edly it has a bearing upon the right otf he governor to make an ap- seat and it had been declared to be vacant, that '\y'Ould be one con· 218 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 11,

dition; ~out having taken his seat, having been admitted to a seat Mr. CHANDLER. And I do not know that any member of the iri this body, having taken the oath, having become a de facto Senate desires to have it passed. officer, he was clothed with all the rights of a Senator, and his Mr. BACON. I will say to the Senator that I never was in favor ceasing to be an officer of this body must in that ceasing and in of passing it. the cause of it have created the vacancy. Mr. CHANDLER. I understand the Senator. Now, the Senator says that the presiding officer did not indi­ Mr. BACON. The Senator emphasizes the word "now." cate upon what ground he based his direction to the Secretary Mr. CHANDLER. However, I never before heard a Senator not to call the name of Senator Clark, because of the fact that oppose the recommittal of a resolution to which he was opposed; there was a vacancy, but it is not to be presumed that the Presi­ but the Senator has a right to make that objection. dent pro tempore would have assumed that the report of the com­ The change of circumstances that has taken place in the Senate mittee would be the judgment of this body, and that he declared a has led me, as chairman of the committee, to suggest, as there vacancy upon that assumption. There is no possible conjecture probably was to be no action on this resolution, that it be recom­ of any design on the part of the President pro temporeother than mitted, and I did not think there could possibly be any objection to recognize the fact that the resignation had created a vacancy. to the request of the chairman of the committee for such a little Mr. CHANDLER. Will the Senator from Georgia yield now? thing as that, especially from a Senator who was opposed to the Mr. BACON. With pleasure. resolution itself. 1 hope the Senator from Georgia will let the Mr. CHANDLER. I wish to ask the Senator this question: resolution go back to the committee. If he will not, I will not Suppose the Senate had passed the resolution reported by the com­ press the request at this time. mittee and the Senator from Montana had retired from the Senate; Mr. BACON. Mr. President, when this resolution was a live how would the vacancy then have been created? It would not subject before the Senate, and when there was, in the opinion of have been by resignation, certainly; but how? some of us, an intention to proceed with unseemly haste in the Mr. BACON. It would have been created by the judgment of determination of the grave questions which were presented to the this body that he was not entitled to sit here. Senate, with the vast mass of testimony, covering some three vol­ Mr. CHANDLER. And upon the resolution that he never had umes, the Senator will remember that some of us were called been lawfully elected? upon to protest against what we considered to be unseemly haste, Mr. BACON. True. and to suggest that in so doing, in place of sitting as judges, we Mr. CHANDLER. Now I ask the Senator whether he thinks might appear in the attitude of prosecutors. If the Senator from that the Senator from Montana when he left the Senate changed New Hampshire will pardon me for saying it, if now, after the the quality of that vacancy and made it a vacancy by resignation, matter has been carried beyond the jurisdiction of the Senate, it is when it would not have been a vacancy by resignation if the res­ still designed and attempted that this investigation shall be pro­ olution reported by the committee had been adopted by the Senate? ceeded with, and that the committee shall be turned loose to do Mr. BACON. That does not in any manner alter the character what they please in the way of a report or in the way of an inves­ of the issue. The question is whether or not he was a de facto offi­ tigation relative to a man no longer a member of this body, it cer. If he was a de facto officer, thevacancywascreated when he may not be simply what we apprehended then, a prosecution. but ceased to be such de facto officer, and even though that vacancy it may appear to be in the eyes of the world a persecution. That may have been created by virtue of the judgment of this body may be, in the opinion of the Senator from New Hampshire, a that his original election was void, still, having sat here as a Sen­ very small matter, but in the opinion of others it may be consid­ r ator and exerciEed the functions of a Senator, the vacancy did not ered a large one. exist until the judgment of this body created it. l\Ir. TURLEY obtained the floor. Mr. President, that is all preliminary to the point I am coming Mr. CHANDLER. Will the Senator from Tennessee allow me to, because I do not desire in anything I am saying to trench upon to say one word? I will take only a moment. the question suggested by the Senator from Wisconsin, as to Mr. TURLEY. Certainly. whether or not th~re was such a vacancy as would justify the gov­ Mr. CHANDLER. There was no unseemly haste last summer ernor in appointii;ig a Senator to fill the vacancy. But the point in connection with this case. The Senator from Georgia made to which I desire to direct the attention of the Senate is the ques· that charge, and then he qualified it, and I thought he withdrew tion of the propriety of the motion nowmade by the Senator from it. I did not feel like sitting under the charge without objecting New Hampshire to have this matter recommitted to the commit­ to the injustice of it, and I only refer to it now-- tee. If I am correct in stating that the scope of the resolution Mr. BACON. If the Senator will permit me, I will call his originally refe1Ted to the committee was limited exclusively and attention to the fact that it was gravely contended and insisted by solely to the question of the right of William A. Clark to sit in this the Senator that there should be a consideration of this case within body, and if be is no longer a member of this body, what is there a time when it was a physical impossibility for Senators to read of that question surviving which can be properly submitted to the the evidence which had been laid upon their tables. That is what committee? I denominated as unseemly haste. Mr. President, under the resolution which has just been sent to Mr. CHANDLER. That is not quite a fair way for the Senator the Committee on Privileges and Elections relative to the subse­ from Georgia, and he is always fair, to state the question. There quent appointment of Mr. Clark the committee, I presume, will were then three large volumes of testimony. No Senator said, as have the utmost latitude in determining what they will consider the Senator now says, that we ought to delay proceeding with the in order to brinf' to the attention of the Senate the matter neces­ case until every Senator could read through those three largevol­ sary to show the propriety of the conclusion which may be reached nmes. It was a question of reasonable time. The committee by them; but it is not necessary that a defunct resolution should waited a considerable period, and finally asked Senators whom be sent to them for that purpose; and no purpose is a legitimate they supposed would object to the passage of the resolution to purpose with reference to that resolution which does not have in indicate what they thought would be a reasonable time when the view the practical determination of a question as to the right of resolution could be taken up; and while that question was pend­ William A. Clark to sit in this body. His right to sit in the body ing and being good-naturedly considered among Senators on both under the credentials which he then bad is no longer a question, sides, the Senator from Montana made what seemed to me un­ because he no longer sits here. His right to sit in the body under seemly haste to go away from the Chamber and avoid the discus­ the credentials now on t.he table can in no manner be determined sion which the Senator from Georgia had prevented from occurring­ by the conclusion which the Senators may reach as to the ques­ up to that time. I am sorry the Senator has brought up his old tion formerly submitted to them. I submit, Mr. President, that charge against the committee, which was unfounded then and is • it is no t competent for the Senate, if there has been a determina­ unfounded now. tion of the question by the vacation of a seat by a Senator, to pur­ Mr. BACON. Does the Senator fail to remember that when sue him into private life forthepurposeof determiningaquestion the attention of the Senator was called to the fact by Senators on which is no longer within their jurisdiction and which is no this floor that there were three large volumes of testimony, and longer a living question in this body. not only that there had not been any opportunity to read it, but · I do not know, Mr. President, what use Senators propose to make that within the time the Senator proposed that the question should of this resolution; I do not know what is in the minds of Senators; be acted upon it was a physical impossibility for Senators to read but I submit that it is not proper that a resolution relating exclu­ it, he still urged the early consideration and determination of the sively to the question of the right of Mr. Clark to sit in this body question? under the credentials as an elected Senator by the legislature of Mr. CHANDLER. I do fail to recall that the Senator's state­ Montana should now be sent to that committee for any action on ment is correct. It was simply a question as to what was area­ its part, he having ceased to be a member of tbis body and claim­ sonable time. The chairman of the committee and every mem­ ing no rights under those credentials. ber of the committee were willing to give reasonable delay, and Mr. CHANDLER. I think the Senator from Georgia has made, the only question was what would be a reasonable delay; and it or has undertaken to make, a large thing out of a small one. Evi­ seems that reasonable delay was only wanted until Senator Clark dently the Senator from Georgia is not in favor of passing this was ready to come in and read his speech and retire. resolution now. Mr. BACON. But the reasonable time that the Senator then Mr. BACON. Which resolution? indicated was not the time necessary to read the testimony. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 219

Mr. CHANDLER. No. If the Senator wants to make the and appointments of William A. Clark and Martin Ma~innis as Senator from Montana, shall have the authority to send for and examme persons and papers point that we were to make an agreement upon this floor that the and to employ a stenographer, the expenses of the inquiry to be paid from case should not be proceeded with until every Senator had read the contingent fund of the Senate. - every word of the testimony, I say nobody contended for that. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The resolution will be referred I did not understand the Senator to be so unreasonable as that. to the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses But that the committee were willing that there should be delay of t.he Senate. in the consideration of the resolution for a reasonable time, ac­ DORA RENFRO, cording to the judgment of the Senate, is a colTect statement. The Senator from Montana put an end to the question by retiring Mr. GALLINGER. I ask that the unanimous-consent agree­ from the Senate. ment reached yesterday in respect to pension bills may now be Now, the purpose of my r·equest for the recommittal of the executed. resolution, which, manifestly, Senators do not want to pass now, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will announce was only that the committee might take into consideration the the first pension bill on the Calendar. question of what kind of a vacancy was created, as bearing upon The bill (S. 4165) granting a pension to Dora Renfro was an­ the questions that may arise during the consideration of the cre­ nounced as the first bill in order; and the Senate, as in Committee dentials of the two persons who appear here claiming the seat. of the Who ~ e, proceeded to its consideration. The question as to the quality of the vacancy can be considered The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an when the committee is obeying the instructions of the Senate to amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: make inquiry as to which of the two persons claiming under the That the Secretary of the Interior be, and be is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pen ion roll, subject to the provisions and limita­ two appointments has a right to the appointment. It is not neces­ tions of the pension laws, the name of Dora Renfro, former widow of Ferdi­ sary that this resolution should be recommitted; but I think, in nand Yeager, late captain Company G, Seventh Regiment Illinois Volunteer view of the fact of the change of circumstances which makes its Infantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of $20 per month. passage unnecessary, the Senator from Georgia ought not to ob- The amendment was agreed to. ject to the recommittal of the resolution. · The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend· Mr. BACON. Will the Senator permit me to ask him one ques­ ment was concurred in. tion? In his opinion, as chairman of the committee, when the The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading; read credentials of these two gentlemen are before the committee will the third time, and passed. or will not the committee be restricted in its examination as to ROBERT A. EDWARDS, JR. the nature and origin of the vacancy by the absence of this par­ ticular resolution? The bill (S. 4073) granting an increase of pension to Robert A. Mr. CHANDLER. I do not think they will be. Edwards. jr., was considered as in Committee of the Whole. Mr. BACON. Of course not. Furthermore, there is nothing The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with in that resolution which can aid them in that investigation. They amendments, in line 6, after the word "late,'' to strike out "of" are authorized in their investigation of the credentials presented and insert ' ' second lieutenant;" and in line 8, before the word by the present claimants to travel over the same ground, if they "dollars," to ~trike out ''fifty" and insert "twenty-four;" so as wish to take the same testimony as that which they formerly took; to make the bill read: Be it enacted, etc. , That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, but that resolution is one which relates solely to the question of authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions theright of William A. Clark to a seat under the credentials which and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Robert A. Edwards, jr., late he claimed as the duly elected Senator from Montana by the leg­ second lieutenant Company L, Fourth Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Cav­ islature of Montana; and what the Senator from New Hampshire alry, and pay him a pension at the rate of~ per month in lieu of that he is asks to have recommitted is that particular resolution, devolving now re~iving. upon the committee the duty to make that inquiry and to make The amendments were agreed to. answer to it to the Senate. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- Mr. CHANDLER. Does the Senator want that resolution to pass? ments were concurred in. · Mr. BACON. The Senator trifles with the Senate when he asks The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read that question. the third time, and passed. Mr. CHANDLER. No. I will assume that the Senator does WILLIAM FOX. not. Will the Senator kindly tell me, if it is not to pass, what The bill (S. 4556) granting an increase or pension to William objection be has to having it recommitted to the committee? Fox was considered as in Committee of the Whole. Mr. BACON. Myobjectiontoitisthat I can conceive of no legit­ The bill was reported from the Committee on pensions with an imate purpose of the Senator from New Hampshire in desiring to amendment, in line 7, after the word "Volunteer," to strike out have the resolution recommitted, because the resolution relates to "Infantry" and insert "Cavalry;~' so as to make the bill read: a matter which has been disposed of and is no longer before the Be it enacted, etc., That t.he Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, Senate. Therefore, if there is no legitimate purpose, there must authorized and directed to place on the pension r oll, subject to the provisions be a purpose which I myself can not possibly divine . . and limitations of the pension laws, the name of William Fox, late of Com­ Mr. CHANDLER. I stated to the Senator what it was. p_any A, Sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, and payhimapen­ Mr. BACON. And the Senator in the same breath states­ s1on at the rate of $18 per month in lieu of tb..'.l.t he is now receiving. Mr. CHANDLER. If the Senator will allow me, I think I The amendment was agreed to. ought to have said, when he asked me before, that this is not an The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ unusual motion. It is a perfectly proper motion. The Senator ment was concurred in. asked me what my object was, and I told him frankly that as the The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third -reading, read resolution was not to be passed, the object was to recommit it in third time, and passed. order that the committee, the Senator from Montana having re­ WILLIAM B. CALDWELL. signed, might consider what was the quality and characteristics of the vacancy which exists in the Senate. Is that a legitimate The bill (S. 4022) granting a pension to William B. Caldwell purpose? was considered as in Committee of the Whole. Mr. BACON. And the Senator has himself stated in the last The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with five minutes that the reference of the resolution to the committee amendments, in line 7, after the word "Volunteer," to strike out is not necessary in order to enable them to make that particular " Infantry" and insert '• Cavalry; " and in line 8, before the word investigation. "dollars," to strike out "twenty" and insert "twenty-five·" so as Mr. CHANDLER. I do not think it is, I will say to the Sena­ to make the bill read: ' tor, but I do not see any harm in it. The Senator is very suspi­ Be i ~ enacted, e_tc., That the Secretary of ~he In~rior ):>e, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pens1on roll, subJect to the provisions cious, too suspicious altogether, certainly of myself. and limitatio~ of the J!ension laws, the name of William B. Caldwell, late of l\Ir. TURLEY. I suggest to the Senator from New Hampshire Company C, Nmth Regunen.t Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry, and pay him a. and the Senate that this matter go over until day after to-morrow. pens10n at the rate of $25 per month. I think probably someunderstandingcan be reached about it, and The amendments were agreed to. further discussion of it may be avoided. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ Mr. CHANDLER. That will be agreeable to me. ments were concurred in. The PRESIDENT protempore. By unanimous consent, the sub­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read ject goes over until Thursday. the third time, and passed. Mr. CHANDLER. I desire, in connection with the matter, to offer a resolution, to be referred to the Committee on Contingent GEORGE P, BEACH, Expenses. The bill (S. 4788) granting an increase of pension to George P. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from New Hamp- Beach was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes shire offers a resolution, which will be read. · to place on the pension roll the name of George P. Beach, late of The Secretary read as follows: Company A, Thirty-sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Resolved, That the Committee on Privileges and Elections, in making the and to pay him a pension of $24 per month in lieu of that he is inquiry directed by the Senate in resolution 371, concerning the credentials now receiving. . 220 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 11,

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The amendment will be st.ated. to be engrossed for a thlrd reading, read the third time, and passed. The SECRETARY. Strike out all atter the enacting clause and JAMES BROWN. insert: That the Secretary of the.Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and The bill (S. 2107) granting a pension to James Brown was con­ directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limita­ sidered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place on the tions of the pension laws, the name of Git-ard Welch, late first lieutenant and pension roll the name of James Brown, late first lieutenant Com­ adjutant, Fourth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension pany M, Sixth Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, at $30 per month. at the rate of 12 per month. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered The amendment was agreed to. to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ ment was concurred in. cream of pension to James Brown." The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. . CARROLL W. FULLER. GEORGE M. WILSON. The bill (S. 2109) granting an increase of pension to C. W. Fuller The bill (S. 2905) granting a pension to George M. Wilson was was considered as in Committee of the Whole. considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The bill was re-ported from the Committee on Pensions with amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: an amendment, iii line 7, after the word "Infantry," to insert That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereb¥» authorizAd and "and hospital steward, United States Army;" so as to make the directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the proVISions antl limita­ bill read: tions of the pension laws, the name of Carroll W. Fuller, late of Company F, Fourth Regiment New York Volunteer Heavy Artillery, and pay hima pen­ Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, sion at the rate of $20 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. authorized and directed to place on the pension roIL subject to the provLion.s and limitations of the pension laws, the name of George .1\1. Wilson late of The amendment was agreed to. ' Company K, Twenty-eighth Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and hospital The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ steward, United States Army, and pay him a pension at the rate of 12 per ment was concurred in. month. · The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The amendment was agreed to. the third time, and passed. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend· The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ ment was co::icurred in. crease of pension to Carroll W. Fuller." The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. MARY A, MORTO~. M.ARTHA C. M. FISH.ER. The bill (S. 3338) granting a pension to 1\Iary A. Morton was considered as in Committee of the Who!e. The bill (S. 1792) granting a pension to Martha C. M. Fisher The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to p ~ ace l\I. amendment, in line 8, after the word" Infantry,:' to insert" and on the pension roll the name of Martha C. Fisher, of pay her a pension at the rate of $8 per month;'' so as to make the Washington, D. C., widow of the late George S. Fisher, a veteran of the Mexican war and a member of Colonel Harding's regiment bill read: of Illinois Volunteers, and to pay her a pension of ~O per month Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions in lieu of the pension she is now rece-ving. and limitations of the pension faws, the name of Mary A. Morton. widow of .Mr. GALLINGER. I move, in line 6, to strike ont the words Alfred Morton, late major, One hundred and ninety-thiTd Regiment New "of Washington, District of Columbia." · York Volunteer Infantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of per month. The amendment was agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. GALLINGER. In line 9 I move to strike out "fifty" and The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ insert "twenty;" so as to read: ment was concurred in. A~d pay her a pension at the rate of~ per month. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The amendmen~ was agreed to. Mr. GALLINGER. In line 10 I move to strike out the words OLIVER W. MILLER, •'the pension" and insert the word "that," so as to read " in lieu of that she is now receiving." The bill (S. 2228) granting an increase of pension to Oliver W. The amendment was agreed to. Miller was considered as in Committee of the Whole. Mr. COCKRELL. Let the report be read in that case. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The report will be read. amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: The Secretary read the following report, submitted by Mr. ALLEN That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and 29, 1900: directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limita­ May tions of the pension laws the name of Oliver W. Miller, late of Company C. The Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (8.1793) grant· Twenty-sixth Ragiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension at ing a pension to Martha C. M. Fisher, have examined the same and re11ort: the rate of $14 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. 'fhis bill pr0poses to increase from $S to S50 per month the pen~ ion of Martha C. M. Fisher, widow of George S. Fisher, late of Company l, First The amendment was agrned to. Regiment Illinois Volunteers, Mexican war, who served from June 2:!, 1846, The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ to June 17, 184J. ment was concurred in. Claimant. now 'i5 years of age, was married to the soldier February 22, l 49, and is receiving a pension under the Mexican-war act of January 29, The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read 1887,at the rate of per month. the third time, and passed. similar bill was mtrodnced in the Fifty-fifth Congress, but no action was taken thereon. ANDREW REED. It is recommended that the bill do pass without amendment. The bill (S. 2102) granting an increase of pension to Andrew Mr. COCKRELL. I should like to ask the Senator if the rate Reed was considered as in Committee of the Whole. stated in the report is the usual rate allowed in such cases. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an Mr. GALLINGER. In all Mexican-war pensions of SB a amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: month, where the claimant is in adyanced years, we have in­ That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and creased the rate to $20, and I have never known an instance where directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limita­ it was placed beyond that figure. This bill seems to have slipped tions of the pension law , the name of Andrew Reed, late of Company G, through at $50. I think it would be a very bad precedent, and on Third Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, and pay him a pension at the rate of $30 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. my motion the bill has been amended so as to make the rate $20, which is in accordance with our custom. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend· The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ ments were concmTed in. ment was concurred in. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. the third time, and passed. A. C. RICKETTS. GffiARD WELCH. The bill (S. 2901) granting a pension to A. C. Ricketts was con­ The bill (S. 1761) granting a pension to Girard Welch was con­ sidered as in Committee of the Whole. It propo es to place on sidered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place on the pension roll the name of A. C. Ricketts, la.te of Company H, the pension roll the name of Girard Welch, late a member of Com­ Eightieth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and to pay him a pany-, Fourth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and to pay pension of $24 per month. him a pension of $12 per month. Mr. GALLINGER. I move to amend by inserting the word :M.r. GALLINGER. I move to amend the bill by striking out "Abner"in line 6, in place of the initial" A,"so as to read" Abner all after the enacting clause and inserting-the company does C. Ricketts." not appear in the amendment, but no matter. The amendment was agreed to. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 221

The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend· Mr. GALLINGER. I move to amend the amendment by strik­ ment was concurred in. ing out "thirty-six" and inserting "thirty," so as to read "and The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read pay him a pension at the rate of $30 per month." I think that is the third time, and passed. the rate which ought to be in the bill. The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting a pension The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. to Abner C. Ricketts." The amendment as amended was agreed to. l\IA.RY M. F. FLAGLER. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ ment was concurred in. The bill (S. 2703) granting a pension to Mary M. F. Flagler The bHl was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to the third time, and passed. place on the pension roll the name of Mary M. F. FlagleT, widow The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an increase of Daniel W. Flagler, late brigadier-general, Chief of Ordnance of pension to Ross Wheatley." United States Army, and to pay her a pension of $50 per month. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or­ CHARLES STEWART, dered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and The bill (S. 4440) granting an increase of pension to Charles passed. Stewart was considered as in Committte of the Whole. ADOLPH SCHREI. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with The bill (S.1628) granting a pension to Adolph Schrei was con­ amendments, in line 6, after the word "late,'~ to strike out "a sidered as in Committee of the Whole. private;" in line 7, after the word" Regiment," to strike out" of;" The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions, with in the same line, after the word '•Infantry," to insert "and pay amendments, in line 6, after the name" Adolph Schrei," to strike him a pension," and in line 9, before the word "he," to strike out out ''of Burlington, Iowa;" in the same line, after the word "which;" so as to make the bill read: "late," to strike out "member;" in line 7, before the word "In­ Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions fantry," to insert "Volunteer;" and in line 8, before the word and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Charles Stewart, la.ta of "and," to strike out" Volunteers;" so as to make the bill read: Company H, Fourth Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, pension at the rate of~ per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. authorized an d directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the J>ension laws, the name of Adolph 8chrei, late of Com­ The amendments were agreed to. pany E, Twenty-fifth Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ pension at the rate of $20 per month. ments were concurred in. The amendments were agreed to. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ the third time, and passed. ments were concurred in. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read HENRY MUHS. the third time, and passed. The bill (S. 2226) granting an increase of pension to Henry Muhs was considered as in Commjttee of the Whole. JAMES M'FRY. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The bill (S. 3376) granting an increase of pension to James M. amendment, to strike out all atler the enacting clause and insert: Fry was considered as in Committee of the Whole. That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions, with an directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Henry Muhs, late captain Company A, amendment, in line 6, before the word ''late," to strike out "M. Eighth Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension at the Fry" and insert" McFry "; so as to make the bill read: rate of $50 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to,Placeon the pension roll, subject to the provisions The amendment was agreed to. and limitations of the pension laws, the name of James McFry. late of Com­ The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend· pany H, Seventh Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension ment was concurred in. . at the rate of $2! per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The amendment was agreed to. the third time, and passed. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ ment was concurred in. WILLIAM GADDIS. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill (S. 1204) granting a pension to William GadO.is was the third time, and passed. considered as in Committee of the Whole. The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with crease of pension to James McFry." amendments, in line 7, after the word" Ohio," to insert" Volun­ BERTHA LEAVEY. teer," and in the same line, after the word" Infantry," to strike out" Volunteers;" so as to make the bill read: The bill (S. 1722) granting a pension to Bertha Leavey was con­ Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, sidered as in Committee of the Whole. authorized and directed to place on the pension roll. subject to the provi­ The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with sions 11.nd limitations of the pension laws .the name of William Gaddis, late of amendments, in line 6, after the words" widow of," to strike out Company C, Eight y-fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a "the late:,, in the same line, after the name "Mo1Tis Leavey," to pension at the rate of $24 per month. insert " alias Lewis;" in line 7, after the word " late," to strike out The amendment,s were agreed to. "member-" in line 8 before the word "Uavalrv "to insert ''Vol­ Mr. GALLINGER. I move to strike out" twenty-four," in line unteer;" ln the same' line, before the word "a~d," to strike out 8, and insert "twelve;" so as to read, "and pay him a pension at "Volunteers; " and in line 9, after the word "month," to insert the rate of $12 per month." ''in lien of that she is now receiving;" so as to make the bill read: The amendment was agreed to. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend· anthorized and directed to 'J>lace on the pension roll, SUbj ect to the provisions ments were concurred in. and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Bertha Leavey, widow of Morris Leavey, alias Lewis, late of Company D, Eighteenth Regiment New The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read York Volunteer Cavalry, and pay her a pension at the rate of S25 per month the third time, and passed. in lieu of that she is now receiving. JULIA. S. GOODFELLOW, The amendments were agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The bill (S. 4155) granting a pension to Julia S. Goodfellow was ments were concurred in. considered as in Committee of the Whole. · - The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an the third time, and passed. amendment, to strike ont all after the enacting clause and insert: The title was amended so as to read; "A bill granting an in­ That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and di­ crease of pension to Bertha Leavey." rected to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Julia S. Goodfellow, widow of Edward Good­ ROSS WHEATLEY. fellow, late captain Company E, Forty-fift h Regiment United States Colored Volunteer Infantry, and pay her a pension a t the rate of - dollars per month The bill (S. 1211) granting a pension to Ross Wheatley was Mr. GALLINGER. I move that the blank be filled by insert· considered as in Committee of the Whole. ing the word "eight." The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: The amendment as amended was agreed to. That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is her eby, authorized and di­ The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ rected to place on the pension roll1.-,.subject to the provisions and limitations ment was concurred in. of the pension laws, the name of .Koss Wheatley, late of Company .F, Four­ teenth Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension at the rate The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a thil'd reading, read of $36 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. the third time, and passed. 222 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEl\IBER 11,

LEWIS S, HORSEY, JOHN W. CAN.A.DAY. The bill (S. 1203) granting a pension to Lewis S. Horsey was The bill (S. 1212) granting a pension to John W. Canaday was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place considered as in Committee of the Whole. on the pension roll the name of Lewis S. Horsey, of Warren, Iowa, The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an late private, Company K, Nineteenth Regiment Iowa Infantry amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: Volunteers, and to pay him a pension of $12 per month. That the Secr etary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and Mr. GA.LLINGER. I move to strike out the words "of War­ directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of John W. Canaday, late of Company I. Ninth ren, Iowa," in line 6. Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, and pay him a pension at the rate of - The amendment was agreed to. dollars per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. Mr. GALLINGER. I move that the words "in lieu of that he Mr. GALLINGER. I move to fill the blank by inserting the is now receiving " be added to the bill. word "twenty." The amendment was agreed to. The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The amendment as amended was agreed to. ments were concurred in. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third. reading, read ment was concurred in. the third time, and passed. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ the third time, and passed. crease of pension to Lewis S. Horsey.:' The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an increase MARY J, KRAMER, of pension to John W. Canaday." The bill (S. 1195) granting a pension to Mary J. Kramer was WILSON E. CARTER. considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place The bill (S. 2914) granting a pension to Wilson E. Carter was on the pension roll the name of Mary J. Kramer, of Fairfield, considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place on Iowa, widow of Andrew J. Kramer, late of Company E, First the pension roll the name of Wilson E. Carter, dependent and Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers, and to pay her a helpless son of the late Mark F. Carter, late of Company E, Sec­ pension of 812 per month. ond Regiment Iowa Infantry Volunteers, and to pay him a pen­ Mr. GALLINGER. Imovethatthewords "of Fairfield, Iowa," sion of 812 per month. be stricken out in line 6. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered The amendment was agreed to. to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ MRS. M. G, KR.A. YENBUHL. ment was concurred in. The bill (S. 3851) granting a pension to Mrs. M. G. Krayenbuhl The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read was announced as next in order on the Calendar. the third time, and passed. Mr. GA.LLINGER. Let that bill be passed over. HENRIETTA PARROTT. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be passed over. The bill (S. 2907) to pension Henrietta B. Parrott was con­ MARTH.A. M. BEDELL. sidered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place the The bill (S. 3375) granting relief to Susan Bedell was consid· name of Henrietta Parrott, widow of the late Bvt. Brig. Gen. ered as in Committee of the Whole. James C. Parrott, upon the pension roll, and to pay her a pension The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an of $30 per month. amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: Mr. GALLINGER. I move to amend by striking out all after That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and the enacting clause and inserting: directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limita­ tions of the pension laws, the name of Martha M. Bedell+ widow of David E. That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and Bedell, lat e of Company E. Twenty-second Regiment 10wa. Volunteer In· directed t o place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations fantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of S22 per month in lieu of that she of the l)ension laws, tile n ame of Henrietta Parrott, widow of the late is now receiving: Provided, That in the event of the death of Susan Bedell, Lieut. Col. James C. Parrott, and pay her a pension at the rate of $20 per the invalid and dependent daughter of said David E. Bedell, the additional month. pension herein granted shall cease and determine. The amendment was agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. • The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ ment was concurred in. ment was concurred in. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. the third time, and passed. The title was amended so as to read: ''A bill granting a pension The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ to Henrietta Parrott." crease of pension to Martha M. Bedell." PROMOTION OF COMMERCE .A.ND INCREASE OF TR.A.DE, JOSHUA B, HARRIS. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the Sen­ The bill (S. 57) granting a pension to Joshua B. Harris was con­ ate the unfinished business, which will be stated. sidered as in Committee of the Whole. The SECRETARY. A bill (S. 727) to promote the commerce and The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with increase the foreign trade of the United States, and to provide amendments, in line 6, before the word" Company," to strike out auxiliary cruisers, transports, and seamen for Government use " a corporal in " and insert "of; " in line 7, after the word " Six. when necessary. teenth," to insert "Regiment;" and in line 8, after the word Mr. GALLINGER. I ask that the unfinished business be laid "month,'' to insert "in lien of that he is now receiving;" so as to aside informally for ten minutes so that the special order may be make the bill read: Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, executed. authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from New Hamp­ and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Joshua B. Harris, late of shire asks that the unfinished business may be temporarily laid Company E, Sixteenth Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and pay him aside that ten minutes further be allowed to the Committee on a pension at the rate of S3U per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. Pensions. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and it is so The amendments were agreed to. ordered. The next pension bill will be stated. Mr. GALLINGER. By reference to the report on this bill I notice that it was agreed that the beneficiary should have $20 a HENRY D. JOHNSO:N", month. I move to insert "twenty" in the place of "thirty " in The bill (S. 3881) granting an increase of pension to Henry D. line 8. Johnson was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It pro­ The amendment was agreed to. poses to place on the pension roll the name of Henry D. Johnson, The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend· late of Company E! Forty-second Regiment Ohio Volunteer In­ ments were concurred in. fantry, and to pay him a pension of $40 per month in lieu of that The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read he is now receiving. the third time, and passed. Mr. GALLINGER. I move to amend the bill, in line 8, by The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in· striking out "forty," after the words "rate of," and inserting crease of pension to Joshua B. Harris." "thirty;" so as to read: KATE HARB.A.UGH. And pay him a pension at the rate of $30 per month. The bill (S. 3501) granting an increase of pension to Kate Har­ The amendment was agreed to. baugh was considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with ment was concurred in. amendments in line 8, before the word "dollars," to strike out The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read "twenty-five" and insert ''twenty-four," and at the end of the the third time, and passed, bill to insert the following proviso: "Provided, That in the event 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 223

of the death of Walter D. Harbaugh, invalid and dependent child amendment, in line 6, after the word ''late," to strike out "of" of said Daniel L. Harbaugh, the additional pension herein granted and insert'' captain;" so as to make the bill read: shall cease and determine;" so as to make the bill read: Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Int~ rior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisjons and limitations of the pensiou laws, the name of Bernard Wagner, late c~p­ and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Kate Harbaugh, widow of tain Company F, Eleventh Regiment ~lin~is Volunteer 9avalry, an~ ~ay him Daniel L. Harbaugh, late of Company H, Third Regiment Ohio Volunteer In­ a pension at the rate of S30 per month m lieu of that he IS now rece1vmg. fantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of S24 per month in lieu of that she The amendment was agreed to. is now r eceiving: Provided, That in the event of the death of Walter D. Har­ baugh, invalid and dependent child of said Daniel L. Harbaugh, the addi­ Mr. GALLINGER. Inline8, before the word ''dollars,"Imove tional pension herein granted shall cease and determine. to strike out "thirty" and insert "twenty-four." The amendments were agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ ments were concurred in. · ments were concuri·ed in. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third rflading, read the third time, and passed. the third time, and passed. HARVEY GR.A.HAM. PAULINA SMITH. The bill (S. 1604) tJZ'anting an increase of pension to Harvey The bill (S. 3750) granting a pension to Paulina Smith was Graham was considered as in Committee of the Whole. considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: amendment in line 8, before the word "dollars," to strike out That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and "twenty-five" and insert "twelve;" so as to make the bill read: directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Harvey Graham, late colonel Twenty-second Be it en acted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry. and pay him a pension at the rate of S30 authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions per month in lieu of that he is now receiving. and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Paulina Smith, dependent mother of Marcellus Smith, late of Company G, Thirty-first Regiment Maine The amendment was agreed to. Volunteer Infantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of $12 per month. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- The amendment was agreed to. ment was concurred in. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read ment was concurred in. the third time, and passed. 'fhe bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read ESTHER DYER HAMMOND. the third time, and passed. The bill (S. 2810) granting a pension to Esther Dyer Hammond MARY l\I. KE.A.....'l". . Iwas considered as in Committee of the Whole. . . . . The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The bJ.11 (S. 26~6) granting a pension to Mary Keen was consid- amendment to strike out all after the enactinO' clause and insert: ered as m Committee of the Whole. ' 0 ·n was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and The bi directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: of the pension laws, the name of Esther Dyer Hammond, widow of William A. Hammond, late Surgeon-General United States Army, and pay her a pen- That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and di- sion at the rate of $50 per month. rected to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Mary M. Heward. now Mary M. Kean, late The amendment was agreed to. nurse, Medical Department, United States Volunteers, and pay her a pension The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- at the rate of $12 per month. ment was concurred in. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- the third time, and passed. ment was concurred in. EMILY A. WENTWORTH. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill (S. 4859) granting an increase of pension to Emily A. the third time, and passed. Wentworth was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting a pension proposes to place on the pension roll the name of Emily A. Went- to Mary .M. Kean." • · worth, widow of George S. Wentworth, late of Company I, Fifth MARY A. O'BRIEN. Regiment United States Artillery, and to pay her a pension of$12 The bill (S. 4734) granting a pension to Mary A. O'Brien was per month in lieu of that she is now receiving. considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was reported totheSenatewithoutamendment, ordered The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. amendment, in line 8, after the word "States," to strike out" Vol­ OTTO HALTNORTH. unteer" and insert "Artillery;" so as to make the bill read: The bill (S. 4834) granting a pension to Otto Haltnorth was Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to :place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions considered as in Committee of the Whole. and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Mary A. O'Brien, widow of The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an Michael O'Brien, late acting assistant surgeon and first lieutenant, Fourth amendment, in line 7, before the word "dollars," to strike out Regiment United States Artillery, and pay her a pension at the rate of $2() per month. "fifty" and insert "sev-enteen;" so as to make the bill read: B~ it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, The amendment was agreed to. authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subj ect to t he provisions The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Otto Haltnorth, late of Sig­ ment was concurred in. nal Corps, United States Army, and pay him a pension at the rate of $17 per The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read month. the third time, and passed. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ MARGA.RET J. VERBISKEY, ment was concurred in. The bill (S. 3070) granting a pension to Margaret J. Verbiskey The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read was considered as in Committee of the Whole. the third time, and passed. . The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an MARY E. GRIFFITHS. amendment, in line 7, after the word ''Second," to insert "Regi­ The bill (S. 2879) granting a pension to Mary E. Griffiths was ment;" so as to make the bill read: considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place on Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, the pension roll the name of Mary E. Griffiths, widow of John H. authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Margaret J. Verbiskey, widow Griffiths, late of Company E, Fifteenth Regiment Illinois Volun­ of Joseph Ve:rbiskey, late of Company I, Second Regiment United States In­ teer Infantry, and to pay her a pension of 812 per month. fantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of $12 per month. The bill was reported to the Senatewithoutamendment, ordered The amendment was agreed to. to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ WILLIAM I, MILLER, ment was concurred in. The bill (S. 3758) granting an increase of pension to W. I. Mil­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read ler was considered as in Committee of the Whole. the third time, and passed. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with BERNARD WAGNER. amendments, in line 6, after the word "of," to strike out the initial '' W " and insert ''William;" in the same line, after the The bill n, SlS!.35; Edmund ~· Carpenter, $309.68; W_alter S. Stewar.t, Sl27. 2:; Wil­ try under the homestead law!'l of tbe United Stat.es; but such homestead set­ ham G. Weaver, $133.85. CharlesH.Min6r, SAf.35; Frank W. lnnis, $40; Samuel tler shall be allowed six months after locating his homestead and filing his C. Chase, 15.75; Claude R. Grosser, $18.25; Richard Generals, :£2L50; Harry declaratory statement within which to make his entry and commence his R. Willfams, $175.75; John McCallum, $130.70; Walter R. Phillips, SIHJ.40; settlement and improvement. . Dennison Stearns, $182.90; James C. Kenny, 198.20; John A. Kenny, ~7.15; "SEC. 2305. The time which the homestead settler has served in the Army, Louis Frank, $6.50; E ..G. Gage, $87.12; Fred C. Bennett, ~5; Charles S. Navy, or Marine Corps shall be deducted from the time heretofore required Colony, $171.37; John H. Mahan, $55: Perry H. Benscoter, s::rn; 0. Hillard Bell, t-0 perfect title, or if discharged on account of wounds received or disability Sll7.65; Edmund D. Camp, $106; William T. Hart, 53.70; E. L. Solomon, incurred in the line of duty, then the term of enlistment shall be deduct.ed $17.80; .Morris M. Keck, 19.35; Darius L. Miers, 137. 75; Evan R. Williams, from the time heretofore required to perfect title, without reference to the $82.«: Author Ev£1rette, g63.19; George S. McCleary, ·>JJ.25; Harry G. Roat, length of time he may have served; but no patent shall issue to any home­ $101.20; George R. McLean, $268.70; John T. Flannery, SH; Michael J. Buck­ stead settler who has not resided upon, improved, and cultivated his home­ ~ey, .1.95; MichaelJ.,Brenpan._ $83.20; "If-a!!r_W. Pierce, $'ill; W. F. Powell, stead for a. period of at least one year after he shall have commenced his $4iJ.90, Adnah McDamels, i6.50, total, $5,595.~: Therefor , improvements." Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treaury be, and he i5 hereby, 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. 225

authorized and directed to pay said officers and members of the Ninth Regi­ existence on January 1, 1900, and for a period of twenty years on ment of Pennsylvania Infantry as aforesaid, or their legal representatives, the said several sums specified in the preamble to- this act, lost by them, all their vessels completed after January 1, 1900. respectively, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. Now, mark you, Mr. President~ the owners of all vessels now in existence engaged in the foreign trade of the United States shall The amendment was agreed to. be entitled to draw the compensation fixed in the bill. The bill The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ not only allows those who may build ships hereafter to draw the ment was concurred in. bounty, but the owners of all ships built and in operation before The amendment was ordered to be engrossed, and the bill to be the passage of this act shall be entitled to draw this bounty; read a third time. hence it will be seen it is not the principal purpose of this meas­ The bill was read the third time, and passed." ure to increase the merchant marine, but, on the contrary, to The preamble was agreed to. make a large donation and to greatly enhance the business and fortunes of the shipowners of the United States engaged in our ADDITIOXA.L DISTRICT JUDGE IN OHIO. foreign trade. Later on I will discuss fully this feature of the bill, clearly showing that this legislation will not promote the Mr. HOAR. In drafting the bill (S. 5076) to provide for the commerce and increase the foreign trade of the United States. appointment of an additional district judge in and for the The compensation fixed in the bill is as follows: On each entry northern judicial district of the State of Ohio, by inadvertence of either a sail or steam vessel, not exceeding 16 entries in every the words "and consent" were left out, so that the bill reads, twelve consecutive months, 1t cents per gross ton for each 100 "the President, by and with the advice of the Senate," is to nautical miles, not exceeding 1,500 nautical miles, sailed out­ make the appointment. I ask unani;mous consent that the en­ ward bound, and lt cents per gross ton for each 100 nautical miles, grossing clerk be directed to engross the bill by including the not exceeding 1,500 miles, sailed homeward bound; and 1 cent per words "and consent," so as to read "advice and consent of the gross ton for each additional 100 miles sailed. This is the pro­ Senate." vision of the bill providing for general subsidy for all vessels, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the request both sail and steam. This feature gives to the owners of all ves­ of the Senator from Massachusetts? The Chair hears none, and sels duly registered and engaged in the foreign trade of the United it is so ordered. States compensation from the public Treasury as above set forth. The owners of these ships engaged in foreign trade now collect PROMOTION OF COMMERCE AND INCREASE OF TRADE, fares and freight from their customers and passengers, and, to :Mr. ALLISON. I ask for the regular order, Mr. President. make their business more profitable, they are given this vast dona­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair lays the unfinished tion from the public Treasury. business before the Senate. The compensation above set forth, which is the minimum The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the consid­ amount fixed in the bill, applies to the owners of a11 vessels, both eration of the bill (S. 727) to promote the commerce and increase steam and sail, duly registered by a citizen of the United States the foreign trade of the United States, and to provide auxiliary and engaged in the foreign trade of the United States. These cruisers, transports, and seamen for Government use when neces­ amounts are paid from the public Treasury to owners of ves£els, sary. regardless of speed or freight capacity. However, in addition to Mr. CLAY. Mr. President, Senate bill No. 727 and Calendar No. these amounts, an additional sum is taken from the public Treas­ 482, now pending in the Senate for discussion, purports to be a bill ury each year and paid to the owners of vessels with greater to promote the commerce and increase the foreign trade of the speed, regardless of freight capacity. This feature will be found United States and to provide auxiliary cruisers, transports, and sea­ at the bottom of the fourth page of the bill. This additional men for Government use when necessary; but a clear analysis of subsidy is as follows: this measure will demonstrate to the unprejudiced mind that the First, 12-knot ships and less than 14 knots shall receive five­ results claimed by the friends of this contemplated legislation can tenths of 1 per cent per gross ton additional to the general sub­ not possibly follow, viewed from any reasonable standpoint au­ sidy; second, 14-lniot ships and less than 15 knots, 1 cent per thorized by the different features and phases of the bill as it comes gross ton additional; third~ 15-knot ships and less than 16 knots, from the Committee on Commerce. 1.1 cents per gross ton additional; fourth, 16 knots or over, 1.2 There is one point, however, about this measure concerning cents per gross ton additional; fifth, 17-knot ships and less than which there can not be the least possible difference. When it 18 knots, 1.4 cents per gross ton additional; sixth, 18-lrnot ships shall become a law, it will take from the public Treasury, collected and less than 19knots,1.6 cents per gross ton additional; seventh, by taxation from the people of the United States, $9,000,000 per 19-knot ships or over, 1.8 cents per gross ton additional; eighth, year for a period of twenty years, making in all $180,000,000, and 20-k-not ships and less than 21 knots, 2 cents per gross ton addi­ will donate this vast sum to the owners of ships engaged in carry­ tional, and ninth, 21-knot ships or over, 2.3 cents per gross ton ing foreign trade to aid them in making their private business additional, thus increasing the subsidy as the speed increases, re­ more profitable, The shipowners, in addition to the amounts they gardless of freight capacity. Now, this can be better illustrated receive from their customers for carrying freights and passengers, by giving the speed of shins ranging from 6 to 21 knots: will receive from the Government, collected from merchants, farm­ ers, laborers, and those engaged in other callings, $9,000,000 each Speed of shiIJS, in knots. Travel Travel year to add to their profits and enhance their fortunes. One man ·s per day. per year. business is to be heavily taxed in order to advance and to make more profitable the private business of another citizen. While the bill Mt1es. Mt1es. 6 -··-· ------. -··-· •• -·-· ----.•. ··--· ----- • ---·. ·-·-· ·--•• ···-· H! 25,200 comes from the Committee on Commerce with a favorable report, 7 - - ---·------· ------·------··------·-· ------•• ----· 168 29,400 I deem it just to state that every single member of the committee 8 ------·-- --· ·---·--- - -·------· ------• ------.• ______:,_~_ - 192 &l,600 constituting the minority membership of the committee voted 9 ------· -·--·-·· ------· ----·-···· -·------·. ·-·------·· ··-- 21G • 37 800 10 - ·-·-·------· -·--·------·-·· ----···--· ·------···-­ 240 42'000 against a favorable report and will vote against the passage of ll ------·----·---. ·---· - ---·- -·---· ----. ·---· - --··-----·----- 264 4.6:200 this bill. 12. -• ·-·-· --·· -·-· ---· -·-· ---· ----·--·------·--·· --·· -·-- 288 50,400 In the discussion of the bill I propose to be perfectly fair and 13 --· ---· ------··------• -----. ----- • --·-· ------·----- 312 M,600 14 ---·--· ------. ·---· --- --·. ·-··· ------·- ---··· ----·--· ---- 336 58,800 to make no statement but what can be fully verified. In order 15 - ---.•• ------·-·--··-. ·----. ------·------360 63,000 to present the objections I entertain against this measure, I 16 - • ·-·-· - ·---- -·---· ------·· ------·--· ----·------·--- 384: 67,200 shall now proceed to analyze the bill in all its leading features, 17 ------. ·----. ----· ------·------· ------• ---··-· ---- 408 71,400 18 - ---·------. --·------· ------•___ _ 432 75,600 and then I will proceed to state at length what I conceive to be 19 -- --··· ·-·-·-·-. ·-----· ·------·--- - • ·--· ------• ---· 456 79,800 well-grounded reasons which lead me to oppose this legislation. 20 -•.•.•• ------·--·-· ------· ----·· •. ------·------· 480 81,000 The analysis which I shall give I believe will stand the test of :tl ------·------·------·------· ·------· ------· 50i 88,200 criticism and be found to be substantially correct. I say this for the reason that I have given the different features of the bill most It will thus be seen that the subsidy to be given vessels up to careful study. 12 knots, which are really our great freight carriers, is only 1-t The first section of the biirprovides that after July, 1900, there cents per gross ton, while the subsidy given to a fast steamer. shall be paid, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise which really carries mostly passengers and fine manufactured appropriated.i to the owner or owners of any vessel duly registered goods-for instance, a 21-knot ship-is 3.8 cents per ton. by a citizen or citizens of the Umted States, including corpora­ In other words, a vessel of 12 knots speed, which really carries tions created under the laws of the United States or any 8tate cotton, corn., oats, and farm products, would receive a little more thereof, and being at the time of entry engaged in the foreign than one-third of the amount paid to a swift passenger steamer ti·ade of the United States, comp'3nsation which I will state fur­ never known to convey any freight except fine manufactured ther on in my remarks. The Secretary of the Treasury is directed goods. This can be better illustrated by not only giving the to contract with the owners of such vessels as above described and speed of ships ranging from 6 to 21 knots, but by also giving to make payment for the subsidy provided for in the bill for a the amount of subsidy that each class of vessels would draw from period of ten years for all ve,asels that have been completed and in the public Treasury and the quality and quantity of freight

XXXIV-15 226 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 11, usually conveyed by such vessels. The position for which I am beef arid canned meats, which did not exceed five or six tons. contending, however, can be fully and clearly illustrated PY be­ How those who favor this measure, which donates annually to ginning with a 10-knot ship and ending with a 21-knot ship: the St. Paul more than '300,000, engaged in carrying passengers, can point out that the farmers and producers of this country are Annual the principal beneficiaries under the provisions of this bill passes Speed of ships, in knots. Travel subsidy my comprehension. I am not surprised that at the hearings before per day. under the committee, which consumed weeks of time, which I now have this bill. before me, that not a single farmer or producer appeared in favor of the passage of this measure. Miles. I am not surprised that the shipownerEi alone, either in person 10 - ---··- --···------••••• ------240 $48,300 11 - . ------. ------· ·---- -. --- ·-.. --. ·-· 264 53, 130 or by counsel, monopolized the time of the committee in pointing 12 ---· - ---- . ----·. ------··------. --· --··-- 288 83,300 out the great benefits to accrue to the country, especially to the 13 ------. ------·------· 312 90, 150 farmers and producers, from the passage of this measure. A care­ 14 . ------· ------336 126,426 15 - .... - -. ··------· --- ··--. --- . ------· 360 141, 750 ful analysis of the bill will demonstrate that they alone are the 16 -----. -----. ------··- ---- _: ____ ------··-- 384 157, !f.!O beneficiaries of this legislation, and the zeal and earnestness with 17 ------. ------·------·- ----·· --·------· 4~ 182,070 which they have pressed their claims is another forcible illustra­ 18 ----· - .. ------···. ------• ------43'l 207,900 tion of the benefits they expect to receive at the expense of the 19 ---··-- ---· ------·-·------. --· ------· ·--- 456 235,410 20 -• ---· ••• --··. ---·· •• -·-· ----• ----· ------·-·-··-- - • -• ------480 264,UOO public Treasury. I am not satisfied to let this part of the argu­ 21 ------·····---· --·------·-·------· ------· ------5().i 304:,290 ment rest with the two steamers above given. I wish to carry it farther. Take, for instance, the St. Louis, a swift passenge:;.o ~ Mr. MONEY. I wish to ask the Senator a question for infor­ steamer of the American Line, which is a 21-knot ship, and would mation. For how many days in tbe year does he make the calcu­ draw the highest subsidy given under the provisions of this bill. lation as to the running of a vessel? The Georgie is a freighter, and 13-knot speed, and belongs to the Mr. CLAY. Say 16 entries in one year. The average is about White Star Line. A comparison of the manifest of the Georgie one hundred and seventy-five days a year. of March 13, 1900, and of the St. Louis for February 20, 1900, as Mr. MONEY. Does the Senator base his statement upon that to the farm products conveyed by each gives the following re­ calculation? sults: Mr. CLAY. ltis based upon the calculation of a vessel running A.mount of far-r1l p1·oducts carried by the Georgie and the Bt. Louis. that many days in a year. · These figures demonstrate that a swift passenger steamer that Georgie, St.Louis, travels 504: miles per day, more than twice the distance that is Fl•eight conveyed. 13-knot 21-knot traveled by a freighter, a 10-knot ship, draws from the public ship. ship. TreasUTy, under the provisions of this bill, $304,290 annually­ more than six times the amount donated by the Government to a Corn ------·----- ·------~·---: __ ------.... bushels .. 85,416 None. Oats .. -· ---·------... ------.. ------· ______do. --- . 6,900 None. 10-knot ~hip, when in all probability the IO-knot ship will carry Hay ____ ---· ------· ------·---- ____ pounds __ 117,200 None. more than a dozen times the farm products and heavy freight Straw-·-·--_---·---·--·------··-- ______do ___ _ 12,005 None. conveyed in the fast steamer engaged largely in carrying passen­ Flour-·-·------·-··------·----····-·----barrels .. 355 None. Cattle _____ .. __ ··--_-· --- __ ·------· _-·· ---.head .. 919 None. gers. That the injustice and inequality of this measure might be Horses ·---·- --·------·------__ ···- ____ do .... 127 None. thoroughly understood and exposed and that the advantage which Wheat ______.------·------______bushels .. 39,917 None. the 21-knot ship will receive over the great freight carriers, I have Cotton------·-·--·· ___ _bales .. 10,965 None. Barley __ ----·-- ·-·------·---··-----· ..bushels .. 9,655 None. taken the trouble to make a comparison of two steamers, one a Cheese--··---·------·------··-··- ____ cases .. 571 3!1 21-knot ship and the other a 14-knot ship. Take, for instance, Bacon--···------·----· ______boxes . . 1,624 4 250 the St. Paul, a swift P.assenger steamer of the American Line, Beef ·------.... ------· ____ quarters .. 6,661 a:8n with a gross tonnage 11,629 tons. This ship travels 504 miles Pork --·--· -···-· ------_·------_·----boxes .. 4,306 None. ol 30 10 per day, and will draw an annual subsidy, under the provisions ~~~e:::: _-_-_-: _-_-_-::::.-:::: :::: ::::::::: ::::_-::~~!~~~~-. 250 None. of this bill, of $304,290. Mutton ______-··---·· ...... -···--··------boxes .. 131 None. Now, take the Manhattan, which is a great freighter of the Wood ______------·------·------____ cases .. 648 None. Atlantic Transportation Company, with a gross tonnage of 8,004 Hams ____ ------····------__ ·------·------. boxes ___ 123 12 tons and with a speed of 14 knots. This ship travels 336 miles per day and would draw, under the provisions of this bill, a subsidy l\fr. President, by a careful examination of the manifest of both of $126,426, a little more than a third of the amount received by ships it will be seen that the St. Louis carried no real farm prod­ the St. Paul. I have before me the manifest of the St. Paul of ucts and only about 4.00 tons of partly manufactured products. April 3, 1900, clearly showing what the freight of this passenger On the contrary, the Georgie, with a gross tonnage of considerable steamer was made up of on that occasion. I also have the mani­ less than that of the St. Louis, which would receive only 1i cents fest of the Manhattan of December' 16, 1899, and after going per gross ton subsidy, a little more than a third of the amount through the amount of farm products conveyed by each steamer received by the St. Paul or St. Louis, carried of raw farm prod­ I am at a loss to know how the friends of this measure can claim ucts-corn, oats, bay, cattle, wheat, cotton, and barley-about that this bill was framed in the interests of the farmers and pro­ 7,000 tons. Of these products the St. Louis did not carry a ton. ducers of this country. I give below the freight conveyed by each Yet, under the provisions of this bill, the amount of annual sub­ to illustrate the line of argument which I am now pursuing: sidy paid to the St. Louis would amount to $304,290, while the Georgie, which really conveyed the farm products, would draw a Amount of freight carried by the Manhattan and the Bt. Paul. subsidy of not exceeding 890,150. Of the farm products and semimanufactnred products the Manhat­ St. Paul, Freight. ta.n, 14- 21-knoJ.; Georgie appears to have carried at least twenty times as many knot ship. ship. tons as did the St. Louis, and, if you estimate the subsidy paid in proportion to the farm products carried, the St. Louis would Corn. _____ ------····--:.---·-- .... bushels .. 133,644 None. receive eighty times as much subsidy as would the Ge01·gic; and Do.----·------··-----··--·----·---bags .. 1,360 None. the St. Paul, on the same basis, would get thirty-seven times as Oats---··------···------·------··------· ____ bushels .. 50,324: None. much subsidy as would the Manhattan. These illustrations, fig­ Do .... ·------···------____ sacks .. 335 None. 4,518 None. ures, and facts demonstrate that the subsidy rates provided for in ~t~~ \v::::: :: :: : ::: :: : : : : : : : ·::: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::~~~~=: 262 2 this bill are especially planned, not to promote exports of Amer­ Flour. __ .. ·------·------sacks . . 11,532 None. ican products, but to provide luxurious steamers for those who Cattle ______·-·--·---·------·------____ head .. 800 None. Horses_----·----··-·.-·------···----··-----.do. __ _ 106 None. wish to travel abroad and who are amply able to pay first-class Hops .. _____ ------.... ------· ··------·--boxes .. 1,946 1 cabin accommodations. It can not be successfully disputed that White-oak staves------·----·------11,271 None. the greater part of our e4ports, especially grain, tobacco, and White·oak boards ______------·-·---·------1,519 None. Tobacco ______------______hogsheads .. 24 None. cotton, are borne in steamers of less than 11-knot speed, and the Do _------__ ·-·· ____ ------______cases .. 10 None. engine, fuel, and crew room required by these slow steamers is 200 None. comparatively small. ::;J: _-_-_-_. _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_._._._._-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_._._. _-_-.- _._._._.g:is~ ~ 212 None. 441 None. The highest subsidy proposed for snch a steamer is 1t cents per Tallow------·-··------____ casks .. gross ton for each 100 miles, not exceeding fifteen hundred miles, and 1 cent per gross ton for each additional 100 miles of the voy­ This is only a. partial list of the freight conveyed by each age. To illustrate, an ordinary freight steamer or tramp ship, steamer, bnt it fully illustrates the amonn~ and items ~f the say, of 6,000 tons gro;;s (measured) tonnage would carry7,500 tons products of the farm conveyed by these two classes of ships. I of cargo. Now, the gross tonnage of the St. Louis, one of the in­ have the entire manifest of the two steamers before me, and it is ternational four great steamers, is 11~629 tons, and her net tonnage evident that the St. Paul, which receives . the highest subsidy 5,839 tons, and her cargo capacity 3,500 tons. At the rate of sub­ under thlS bill, earned practically no farm products except dressed sidy prnposed by this bill the St. Louis, a swift passenger steamer 1900. . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 227 of 21 knots speed, would receive for the first fifteen hundred miles and 103,449 bushels of oats. Both of these ships are freighters and of each of her outward and return voyages 3-ftr cents per ton per below 12 knots and are engaged in carrying farm products, and 100 miles, and 3ft- cents per ton per 100 miles for the remaining would only d.raw the smallest subsidy mentioned in the bill. The distance, or over $26,000 for the round ti·ip. This sum would be steamship Clumbershall cleared from Baltimore April 12, 1900, to paid to her owners out of the Treasury of the United States. But Rotterdam with mixed corn amounting to 185,142 bushels; yellow the actual cargo capacity of the St. Louis is 3,500 actual tons corn, 171,142 bushels; wheat, 16,000 bushels; bags of grain, 12,242 cargo. · bushels. This steamship is a freighter and engaged in carrying The fact, therefore, is that for carrying half the American ex­ farm products, and would likewise draw the minimum subsidy in ports, for which the freight steamer was ·only subsidized for the bill before us. The steamship Sir W. T. Lewis cleared from $4,740, the luxurious, swift passenger steamer is subsidized for Baltimore March 4, 1900, for Havre with freights as follows: over $26,000, or, in proportion to American exports carried, not Wheat in bulk·---··--··--·-··-·-···--·-···-----·-·--···---·-· bushels._ 2i, 000 considering the question of passengers; the passenger steamer re­ Mixed corn in bulk.-·-·----·····------·-·····---·-·-.------..... do ... _ fil, 428 ceives more than eleven times the subsidy than does the freighter. 5.50 bags c:ed apples ---·-··-······----·---···---··-· -•.... pounds._ 572,000 The cargo of the freighter is made up of grain, flour, pork, cot­ ~\~!~~i logs-.-_·_·_·_-_-_-_-_·_·_·_-_-_-_-_·:.-.-.-_·_-_-_· :_-:_·_-_-_-_·:.-.:-_·:::.:·:_·_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_.J~~~~= ~;~ ton, and tobacco, while the cargo of the swift passenger steamer 20 hogsheads Virginia tobacco·--·····-····--····--···- ______pounds__ 40, 100 is made up of box and crated manufactured goods. The articles 775 bales cotton ...... ····---···-····-·.···----··-·--······-···-·-· do. --- 387, 800 carried by the swift passenger steamers are found not to be farm 760 pieces oak lumber-·--_······-···-····-·--··--.... ______cubic feet.. 17, 056 products, but the surplus products of American manufacturers shipped abroad, sold, in all probability, for less prices than charged to home-customers. Still, not being satisfied with the comparison ~~~~~tffi2~:~:~\~tl:\\:ff~~:~:j·~::\\\:ltt\:~:\m~=ll~:~ L~:i already made as to the amount of subsidy paid swift passenger 4,748 pieces oak lumber.--·---·--··· ·--·-· -·---··- ·-···----··· ____ feet._ 68,000 steamers, devoted almost entirely to carrying passengers and man­ 1,000 packages lard ____ ····--··-·--·· .• -·····-···--·-···· _..... pounds._ 187. 891 100 boxes evaporated apples·-··------···-·-·--······---. ______do____ 17B, 113 ufactured finished products, as compared with the amount paid LffiO barrels cotton-seed oil _____ ·-·-----·-·-·-··-·-··- ______gallons.. 52,500 freighters which carry the bulk of the farm products, I wish to Sacks oil cake.··---···--··-----··----··---···-·· -···------____ pounds __ 1, 772,204: cany the comparison still further. 1,792 bags gluten meal. ______·-··-··-·-·------··----·-- ______do____ 2:35, 792 I have before me the manifest of the Beatrice of April 1(}, 1900; These partial items of freight give some idea of the farm prod­ the outgoing manifest of the Knight Commander of March 24, 1900; ucts conveyed by ships engaged in our foreign trade. All of the the outgoing manifest of the steamship Nordhvalen of April 4, ships above mentioned are below 12 knots, and are engaged almost 1900; the manifest of the steamship Starlight, April 2, 1900; also the entirely in carrying farm products. Notwithstanding this fact, steamship Clumbcrrshall, April 12, 1900; steamship Sir W. T. Lewis, the framers of the bill now under discussion have studiously March 4, 1900. I have sent to Baltimore and procured this infor­ planned to give the smallest subsidy to this class of vessels, reserv­ mation that I might ascertain accurately what kind of freight ing the largest share of the bounty taken from the public Treasury these steamers conveyed. All of these ships above mentioned are for the swift passenger steamers engaged largely in conveying below 12 knots and are freighters, and under this bill will draw the tourists on pleasure trips to foreign countries. I am desirous, minimum subsidy fixed and can not possibly draw exceeding however, in carrying this illustration still further, that I may $45,000 annually each, while the Ne:w Yo1·k, a swift passenger point out the great inequality and injustice of the scheme which steamer, would draw an annual subsidy of over $300,000. While we are now considering. I will take another ship; for instance, all of the freight steamers above mentioned would draw the mini­ the steamship Knight Commander. This steamship is likewise a mum subsidy under the provisions of the pending bill, these steam­ freighter, with a speed below 12 knots, and cleared from Balti­ ers at the same time would cany the bulk of farm products con­ more for London March 24, 19()(\, with the following itemized veyed to foreign markets. list of freight: To further illustrate the freight capacity of the ships above set forth, below12 knots, I give the outgoing manifest of each ship on ~~~~so~~i~r5-_·_·::_-_-:: .-.-.:·::_·_-_-_-_-_·:::.-.-_·::.-_-_-_·:::_-_·_·::_·_-_·_·::~a~~~:: 22f;~ the date named, and I ask Senators to make the comparison with 25 cases oysters ____ ·····---···------·---·----···---·-··-····- ______do ·-·- 50 the New York, St. Paul, St. Louis, and Paris, four swift passenger 75 cases vegetables.·-·--··--·-·-···-·····---·-·-·-·-·--···· --····do____ 100 60 cases ox tongues ____ ·-···------·-·-..... --· ------····---·---do·--- 720 steamers, that a correct conclusion may be reached as to the farm Live cattle --··------··-- ·-·---···-. -··-· --··-· --·-·-·---··-· --···· -·-- 224 products conveyed by each class of ships, as well as the amount of 6.150 barrels glucose ···-·--·--·-···· -··. --··--·-·-·---·-·· ____ pounds_. 4,291, 944 Chimneys(glass) ···-·- ----·· -····- ---··------· .••...• ·--·-·boxes.. 00 subsidy received by the freighters in comparison with the passen .. 138hogsheads,139 tierces, li3cases,leaf tobacco ______pounds __ · 314, 156 ger steamers. The outgoing manifest of the steamship Beatrice, 1 April 10, 1900, was as follows: Gross tonnage, 3,334; speed, below ~;~ ~:r:~ ~~~~----_-_-_-_-_._._-_._._-_-_._._-_·_-_-_._._._._-_-.-_-_._._-_._-_-_-_-_._._._._-_._._._-_-i>1!~:!:: 2'J, ~ 12 knots. Drawn by Howard Steamship Company. Cleared from Tubs andpa.ils ·- -·-- ---··· ····--·-----····---··----···- ______packages_. 259 Leather_------···-.--·-· -..... --· --- ·-···· -· .... ---··· --·-·. ______do.___ 7 Baltimore for Havre. Itemized list of freight conveyed is. as Glass-----··-·---·-···--·-··-·-----·--··------·-··-·-----· ..... -do____ 8 follows: Moldings------···-·-.--·----···-_·-···-·-··---· ··-·---·--··-· boxes__ 2 b h Oilbalsamandadvertisingmatter ...... ---··--··-··-·-·---box__ 1 Corn, in bulk._ .. ·----·-· ---··· ------·-···-·-····. -. ... .•.... us es.1 - 34,285 6.500 bags glucose ______-··----- ·-·. ···-·-· _. --·····--·._ .... pounds._ l,456, 000 705 barrels chopped apples, equal to----· --··-·-····--·--·--·Pounds.. 180,~ 2124.6 sacks flour do 3 lQ.! 440

~~~ilir~~ii:jjj;;:;jj_:jj:::_:_:j_:_:_::j::~:::_:}.:~:j::.:_:;:~_:-~~Jri~~ 1, sd:i fef ~f =E+:E:~\~~:~;~~~=~:::~::~~:\E\;;\;;::Jt;; ,~ii 17,660 plates, copper------· .. --···----·--.. ··------· -···----do.-· - 347, 252 3 bales quills do 560 75 barrels sulphur copper ______-_···--·--·------···-· ______do.___ ~·~ 100 pounds pork:..=~o8s- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::do:::: 350,000 576 bundles oak strips ------•..... -··-·· --··----···----····· ------Jeet.-, • 9bl 1,600 cases pork, canned ____ --·-··--.-········--·-···-·-···· .... -.do.___ 77, 950 10 ~987'~wipahec .1' t~e-~o~a~kcsbboooaaakrrds~~r_i_p_s_·_:_-_.:_._-_:_:·_.:_:_:___ -_::_·_ .. _·-_· -_-:_:_:_:___ -:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_._· -.- -_··__ :_:_:_._· dd~o:___ -_: __- 10' 6li 150 packages barks and roots·-·--···--·---·--·---···--··--·--···--do.___ 7, 479 21: ~ k~ t:roir~~~iier:::: :::: :::::::::::::::: :::::::::: :::::-_:::: ::::~~:::: ::~ 70 logs, black walnut ______·-····----··---··----·-- ______cubic feet_ _ , · 10,621 plates copper __ ...• ·-···-··--·-···-···-·---·--···- _____ -.... do____ 212, 853 hll~~lt~~~~-=:::_·:::::_·_·:::::::::::::_-::::::::::.-:::::::: ::::_-_-feet:: 68, 751 ~&xlt s~1 ----h "ci-ii-·lli-···· ·-···---···- ______, ___ ; ______boxd;· - ~ ~ 71 lumber ------··. -·--- . ··------····- -- --·· --···---··------···-···--.-·- Prints~.--:-~~--~--~-~---~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::_·::~°h:es~: ' 2 410b375 barrelsarrels lnbricatingoiLlubricating oil.·-·-----·····--··--·-·····--·-- ______. ______· ____ gallons.. do ... _ 18,20,500 750 15 bagbales berries and 30 bags bark ·---·-···-.... ···------·----···-· ____ poundsdo : _ l,l 18040() tm~~~~~r~~-~~~~:-~-~:::-:-~-~::::-~-~:::-~~-~::::·~-~:::::-~:-~-~:-~::~~~~~:: 1~:e K~:~-~~~ :.-:·=-==:-===~·::::-:-~-=:-:::::·:::·=-=-===::_:=·~::::::·=:-::::~~i~e-a~:: 1~:~ 1,792 boxes gluten meal do 200,000 95 bales hog hair----·-··--·-·-·-·-··-·---···-----· .. ______pounds._ 74,549 r~:~~~g~~~~~f~=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i~~~~ ~ .~:: pr!d~~~f~~~~~~dt~; thfU:~!;!8~fw;~\;~vin 8~~~~~~~~! ~il~a~ 556 barrels carbon·-···-·---···--····--···-·---··- ____ ····-· ______do___ _ 41,620 farm products conveyed by 21-knot ships, fast passenger steamers, 132barrelsocher ______do .. -- 44,8!6 which in reality draw the bulk of the subsidy provided by the 63barrelstallow ______do.___ « 816 pending bill . .Having illustrated the clasEes of freight usually 158 barrelsapple5 ---·-·--·--···--··--·········------·--·····-··do ... _ 27:903 conveyed by steamers below 12 knots, which under this bill draw m~:r:sag~~~h~lr,-equai"to::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ :::: g:: the subsidy named, let us examine wi\h care and ascertain what Corn, in bulk·-··------·····---·-····----·-··-·---·-----·------bushels._ 34,285 benefit the farmers and producers of this country receive from 210boxesbarkextract, equal to-····-··------··-··-·-·····-Pounds.. 12,600 the use of these swift passenger steamers. The above gives the line and class of freight conveyed by a Let us examine this bill with reason. Let us analyze it and steamer below 12 knots and which would draw the smallest sub- see what is in it. Let us not take it for granted that this bill is sidy mentioned in the bill. The outgoing manifest of the steam- framed in the interest of building up the merchant marine of our ship Nordvalen, April 4, 1900, was as follows: Cleared from Bal ti- country simply because it says so. Let us examine its provisions. more for Denmark with mixed corn, 192,868 bushels, and 6,000 Let us analyze every section. Let us analyze every feature. Let pounds of cotton bags. The steamship Starlight cleared from us see whether or not the real purpose of the bill is to build up Baltimore April2, 1900',for Southampton with 97,714 bushels corn the merchant marine of the United States. 228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 11,

To m!lke clear this positio~ it becomes necessary for us to J ships to correspond with those receiving the benefit of the subsidy? understand.what classes of freight these fast passenger steamers I In such an event every owner of a vessel applying for the subsidy usually convey; how much corn, wheat, oats, bacon, lard, cotton, l would have been compelled to have built a similar vessel which timber, coal, iron, tobacco, and other farm products go to make would have resulted largely in building up the merchant'marine up their cargo. I have before me the manifest of the steamship and would have given a great stimulus to shipbuilding in the New York, March 27, 1900, owned by the Internati?nal ~avi~ation United States; but clearly, to my mind, this legislation in its pres· Company, and I have carefully gone through the itemized lists of ent form can produce no such results. If Senators will examine her freight of that date, and what do I find? This passenger the testimony taken before the committee, the conclusion will be steamer, that would draw an annual subsidy under the provisions reached that the shipowne.rs have a thorough organization to of this bill of more than 5300,000, carried neither com, wheat, carry through this legislation. · oats, rye, bacon, live stock, cotton, to~ac::co, flour, meal, ~umber, They were not seeki~g opportunities to build ships; but, on the logs, or any other farm products. This illustrates what mterest contrary, to secure legislation that will enable them to go into the the ~arme~ has in this class. of sh_ips. . public Treasury and d~aw nine million annually and divide it I msert m the RECORD thIS entire mamfest, that we may reach a among themselves. If it be the sole purpose of the friends of this proper con:clusion as.to w~at benefit will accrue to ~be farmer and measure to ell:courage ~h!-3 building of ships and to enlarge our producer m conveymg his farm products to foreign markets by merchant marine, why is it necessary to pay the bulk of this sub· these passenger steamers whose owners are to be enriched out of sidy to the owners of ships already in existence and engaged in the public Treasury at the expense of the people of the United our foreign trade without requiring the owners of such ships to States. The freights conveyed in this swift passenger steamer build and put in use other ships of a similar character? . that would receive an annual subsidy of more than $300,000 out I have reference to American shipowners in discussing this of the public Treasury consists of finished manufactured products feature of the bill; that is, American shipowners flying under our shipped abroad. The majority of the Committee on Commerce, flag. If the framers of this bill had no other purpose in view in their report favoring the passage of this bill, tell us that our except to stimulate shipbuilding in the United States, why did exports of agricultural products for 1898 amounted to nearly they deem it necessary to take from the public Treasury millions 17,000,000 tons; that our total exports amounted to 28,000,000 of dollars annually and pay to shipowners now engaged in the tons, and that the primary purpose of this bill now before us is foreign trade of the United States, whose ships have already been for the benefit of our exports, and that as agriculture in bulk and built and who are not required, as a condition precedent, to build value fumishes much the greater part of our exports the bill is other ships to correspond with those receiving the subsidy? If essentially a bill to promote the exports of agriculture. those who favor this legislation are acting in good faith and are The majority of the committee also tell us in their report that actuated by no other motive except to increase our merchant themostpromisingfieldforthefuturedevelopmentof our markets marine and to encourage shipbuilding in our country, why did for agricultural products is northern and temperate Asia, and that they not provide that the subsidy shall be paid to those who will our grain fields and cotton plantations will gain in greater pro- build ships hereafter? portion from the enactment of this bill into law than the seaboard The testimony taken before the committee does not develop the shipbuilding and ship-owning States, whose benefits, they say, fact that those who have so zealously and earnestly advocated this from its enactment are to the casual eye more clearly manifest. measure, both in person and by counsel, have anv great anxiety A more absurd proposition was never stated. How our grain about our merchant marine. It does not develop the fact that fields and cotton plantations are to be benefited in greater pro- they were solicitous about new shipyards, or the building of portion than the shipbuilding and ship-owning States by legis1a· other ships. Their great anxiety was about their present busi­ tion which takes from the public Treasury 89,000,000 annually for ness. The ship owners were not satisfied with the fares they a period of twenty years and contributes this vast sum, collected had collected from the customers and the dividends they had by taxation from the people, to shipowners to aid them in carry· divided among their stockholders, and they came to the Treas· ing on their private business, I must confess I am unable to see. ury of the United States not for aid to build new ships or to By what process of logic or reasoning these gentlemen reach the enlarge our merchant marine, but to swell the profits of their conclusion that the farmer and producer will be benefited more business at the expense of the public Treasury. The more care· than the shipowner by the provisions of this measure, thus far fully we study the provisions of the bill and endeavor to reach they have been unable to tell us. The proposition stated by the the results that will follow from its pas!:lage, the more we be· majority of the committee is simply this: If you will tax all the come convinced that its real purpose is to enhance the busi· people and raise S180,000,000, and take this sum and give it to ness, to add to the dividends, and to enlarge the profits of the the shipowners and aid them indevelopingtheirprivatebusiness, owner of ships, whether corporations or individuals, now in ex· you will benefit the people who pay the taxes more than the pri· istence and engaged in our foreign trade. vate individual who receives the donation. I presume the ma· In all probability the friends of the bill will contend that in the jority of the committee are going on the theory that it is more ninth section provision is made to remedy the evil which I have blessed to give than receive. While the friends of the measure been discussing. This section, which has been amended-and I proclaim loudly that its real purpose is to increase our merchant will discuss the amendment later on-provides that any foreign· marine, so as to promote the commerce and increase the foreign built steamship a majority interest in which was owned by Amer­ trade of the United States, a careful analysis of the bill-I desire ican capital on the 1st of January, 1900, may be admitted to to reflect upon no Senator who assisted in framing the bill, because American register. That is, as I understand it, a foreign· built the presumption is that all acted honestly-will show conclush-ely ship, the majority of whose capital is owned by American citizens, that it was not framed with the view of building up our merchant may apply and receive the benefit of the subsidy, provided they marine; at least, if enacted into law we can not hope to see such sail under our flag. That is, they get half of the subsidy which is results follow. The bill provides, as I have said heretofore, that allowed to the owner of a ship already sailing under our :flag. the owner or owners of any vessel of the United States now in Mr. HANNA. Will the Senator allow me to interrupt him for existence, and completed and in existence January 1, 1900, shall a moment? be entitled to make application and draw the subsidy out of the Mr. CLAY. With pleasure. public Treasury without being compelled to build other ships to Mr. HANNA. There are still further conditions connected correspond in tonnage with the ships drawing the subsidy. This directly with that provision. provision of the bill is not drawn with the view of encouraging Mr. CLAY. I understand that. They are required to build shipbuilding and enlarging our merchant marine. other ships. If those favoring this measure desired such results, why did Mr. HANNA. Yes. they simply require the owners of existing vessels claiming such Mr. OLAY. I will not misstate the bill. If I do so, it will not subsidv to build new vessels equal to 25 per cent of the tonnage of be intentional. It also provides-now see if I am correct about the vessel or vessels receiving the benefit of the subsidy? When it-that foreign·built ships the construction of which for Ameri· Congress undertakes to provide that the owners of all vessels now cans had begun on or before January 1, 1900, and that bas been in existence belonging to citizens of the United States and en· changed, as I understand it, from January 1, 1900, to February, gaged in the foreign trade of the United States shall draw from 1899, which, in my opinion, is a very serious objection to the bill, the Government a large subsidy to aid such owners in carrying on but which I will discuss later on, shall be entitled to American their private business without compelling such owners to build register. This feature of the bill gives to American citizens who other ships to correspond in tonnage capacity with those ships own ships sailing under a foreign flag, provided a majority inter· drawing the subsidy, such legislation can not possibly result in est in such is owned by American capital, the right to participate any great increase of the merchant marine. in the division of this subsidy under conditions which 1 shall now If the friends of this bill framed it with the view and for the pur· proceed to discuss for the purpose of demonstrating that this fea­ pose of encouraging shipbuilding, why did theynotprovidethatthe ture of the bill will not result in any great" increase in our mer­ owner or owners of any vessel engaged in the forf3ign trade of the chant marine. United States, before receiving the benefit of the subsidy provided It is true that before the foreign-built steamship can receive any in the act, should be required to obligate themselves to build new part of this subsidy a majority of the stock in such foreign-built - 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. ~29 steamship now sailing under a foreign flag must be owned by of a steamship and its commercial tonnage, or cargo capacity, American capital. It is also true, under the provisions of this Gross tonnage means the entire cargo capacity of a ship, not de­ bill, that the admission of all these foreign-built steamships is con­ ducting any space for coal, fuel, crew, etc. Take, for instance, - ditioned upon the construction within the United States inside of the St. Louis, a swift passenger steamer of 21 knots, and this ship ten years of vesseJs equal to the gross tonnage of those receiving has a gross tonnage of 11,629 tons and a cargo capacity of 3,500 the subsidy. In other words, American citizens who have in­ tons. vested their money in foreign-built ships and who are now sail­ The bill, as originally reported, required this ship when it ing them under foreign flags are permitted to admit these ships cleared from a port to carry cargo equal to 50 per cent of its gross to American register, and to sail them under our flag, and to tonnage. The amendment as adopted allows such a ship to draw participate in the subsidy fixed in this bill, provided the Ameri­ the entire subsidy when it clears from a port with 50 per cent of can owners of such foreign-built vessels will buUd other vessels its capacity for carrying commercial cargo. In other words, this to be used in our foreign trade equal to the gross tonnage of the amendment provides that the swift passenger steamers can first vessels receiving the benefit of this subsidy. The difference be­ deduct the space consumed by coal, fuel, crew, passengers, etc., tween American citizens owning American vessels and those own­ and draw the full subsidy, provided such a ship shall convey a ing foreign-built vessels is that the former are not required to build cargo equal to one-ha1f of the space left, deducting the space con­ other vessels of like capacity and the latter are required to build sumed as above set forth. This is another evidence, to my mind, such vessels in order to receive the subsidy. that the bill is not intended to increase our agricultural exports, Mr. MONEY. Will the Senator from Georgia permit me? but that its principal benefit is to go to the owners of the swift Mr. OLAY. With nleasure. passenger steamers, engaged almost entirely in conveying passen­ Mr. MONEY. The Senator is delivering a very instructive gers to foreign countries. speech, and I wish to ask him a question for information. Will not The other amendment to which I desire to call attention, radi­ the foreign-built ship owned by Americans in the ten yea1·s make cally changing the bill, is as follows: enough out of the subsidy to build the shlp required, without Only foreign-built steamships that were on the 1st day of February, 1899, requiring anything to be paid out of the pocket of the owner? engaged in an established freight or passenger business, or both and such l\Ir. CLAY. I believe they are required to build the ship be­ steamships as were under contract for construction on February 1, 189!), are fore the subsidy is paid. That is my recollection. The money is permitted to avail themselves of the benefit of this act. held in the Treasury until the ship is built, and it is then turned That is, foreign-built ships, of which a majority of the capital over to them. stock is owned by American citizens and which were completed on Mr. MONEY. It is the same thing. February 1, 1899, or were nnder contract for construction February Mr. CLAY. I presume iu the course of ten or twelve years~ in 1, 1899, are permitted to make application to participate in this all probability, they would receive enough subsidy to pay for subsidy. This amendment is intended to restrict and not to ex· building a ship, but, to be perfectly fair, the bill does not provide panel our commerce. The bill as drawn and reported by the com­ that the subsidy shall be paid until the ship is completed. mittee took one step in the direction of free ships by providing for This provision of the bill requiring American owners of for­ the admission of foreign ships under certain restrictions. eign-built ships before such owners can receive the benefit of the This amendment confines the subsidy to such ships as were com­ subsidy, to build other ships with equal tonnage capacity to those pleted or in process of construction on February 1, 1899. Row receiving the subsidy would indicate to the casual eye that the easily such an amendment could be utilized for the special benefit merchant marine would likely be greatly increased by virtue of of a certain class. This ship-subsidy bill has been before the such provision. But to my mind such result would not follow. country for some time. Those who have been expecting to avail It is necessary to understand the entire provision of this bill themselves of its benefits, and who were largely instrumental in to reach a con-ect conclusion. Under section No. 1 and Para­ securing its favorable consideration by Congress, and who knew graph D it is provided that a foreign-built vessel admitted to well what would be its provisions could easily have adjusted and American register, pursuant to the provisions of this act ahall prepared contracts for the construction of ships by February 1, be entitled to compensation at the rate of 50 per cent of the rates 189!:), and filed them with the Secretary of the Treasury, preparing fixed by this section, and no more. This means the owners of to be the beneficiaries of the provisions of this act. It is to be American vessels now in existence engaged in our foreign trade, assumed that the ship owners and builders, who control the lead­ flying them under an American flag, shall receive the highest ing lines and who, it is adILitted, were largely insti·umental in pre· subsidy provided in this bill without being required to build other paring the bill, knowing what the legislation would be, would so ships of like character, while the American citizen who has placed shape their business in the construction of ships as to make all the his money in foreign-built ships and who undertakes to avail contracts possible up to February-1, 1899. himself of the benefits of this act is required to build other ships, Those who were not on the inside of this legislation and not and then receives only 50 per cent of the subsidy given to tbe realizing the time that would be fixed for making contracts for owners of American ships engaged in our foreign trade. the construction of ships, not knowing that the time for such con­ To state it more plainly, every time the American owner of a tracts would expire February 1, 1899, two years before the passage ship sailing under our flag 1·eceives a hundred·dollar subsidy the of the bill, would be shut out from making contracts for the con­ American citizen who owns foreign-built ships, under the pro­ struction of ships entitled to enjoy the benefit of this subsidy. visions of this bill, will draw $50. Now, what will be the result Persons who may have completed ships since February 1, 1899, or so far as increasing the merchant marine? The owners of Ameri­ who may have entered into contracts for the construction of ships can vessels registered for foreign trade will draw twice the sub­ since that time are not entitled to enjoy the benefit of this sub­ sidy for operating their ships that those draw who may bring Ridy. This amendment, to say the least of it, is suspicious of their foreign-built ships under our flag and register them for favoritism, and would indicate that the persons who are to enjoy foreign trade. the benefit of the subsidy under this provision knew before the It necessarily follows that American capital invested in foreign­ passage of this legislation that the subsidy would be confined to a built ships will readily see the disadvantage under which it labors. certain class, to wit, those who had completed their ships or who American citizens who have invested their money in foreign-built had entered into contract for the construction of ships on or before ships, and who are sailing them under a foreign flag, will not avail February 1, 1899. Why were not the friends of this measure will­ themselves of the provisions of this bill, for the reason that they ing to extend this feature of the subsidy to the owners of ships in are not only required to build new ships, but after they have done existence at the time of the passage of the act or that might be so they can only draw half of the subsidy allowed ships of Ameri­ under contract for construction at the time of the passage of the cans flying our flag. They can not afford to come in competition act or for a certain time to be named in the future? Why not give with a class of ships drawing from the public Treasury a sum twice an equal and a fair chance to all ship owners and builders who as large as the amount given to American owners of foreign-built might be entitled to the subsidy under this feature of the bill? ships. As we proceed to analyze the bill, every step we take leads There is another objection to this bill, to my mind, that carries inevitably to the conclusion that, any view you take of the differ­ with it great weight. Under the provisions of the bill any citi­ ent features of the measure, no great stimulus will be given to ship­ zen of the United States who applies to the Secretary of the building in the United States, and consequently our merchant Treasury for the purpose of building a new ship and receiving marine will not be enlarged to any great extent by this legislation. the benefit of this subsidy must do so within five years after the Since I began the preparation of my argument two amend­ passage of this act, and American owners of foreign-built vessels ments have been adopted by the Committee on Commerce, which receiving the benefit of this act must, within ten years after the mate1ially change the bill and render it much more objectionable registry of any foreign-built vessel, build a new vessel of an ag­ than when the bill first came from the committee. The bill orig­ gregate gl'Oss tonnage equal to the gross tonnage of the foreign­ inally provided that no vessel shall be entitled. to the full com­ built vessel receiving the benefit of this subsidy. pensation unless she shall have cleared from a port of the United Now, American citizens, under this bill, who may desire to build States with cargo to the amount of 50 per cent of her gross ton­ ships to participate in this subsidy must do so within five years. nage. The bill, as amended, strikes out "gross tonnage" and in­ American citizens who do not own ships before the passage of serts "capacity for carrying commercial cargo." This is a radical this act, and who build them within the next five years, will enjoy difference. There is quite a difference between the gross tonnage the benefit of this subsidy for twenty years. But ships built after

/ 230 -OONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 11, this five years shall have elapsed can not participate in the subsidy. the iron ship was in every way superior to tlie wooden ship and What will be the result? Those who may build ships during the that the steam vessel was to be the vessel of the future. At that next five years, enjoying the benefit of this subsidy, will have the time the iron industry of the United States had not been devel­ advantage over those who may build ships after five years, one oped-as we were an infant nation-and American shipowners and receiving a large subsidy from the Government every year and merchants could not procure the necessary material to compete the latter class receiving nothing. The result will follow-every with England in the construction of steamships, and from the American ship built during the next five years will be under a day iron was substituted for wood England had a decided ad­ bounty contract for twenty years, longer than it would last, while vantage over the United States in the building and operating of new ship~ built after five years, will not be subsidized and can ships. not compete with the ships built during the next five years enjoy­ Wise statesmanship demanded that so soon as iron took the place ing the benefit of this bounty. of wood in the construction of ships, and the United States did not The stimulant gives out at the end of five years, but the ships have the means and appliances for the construction of iron vessels, built during this period enjoy the stimulant for twenty years. then we ought to have availed ourselves of the results of British skill Americans, realizing that the ships all·eady built during this five in tho construction of steam vessels until the iron industries of years wm continue to enjoy this bounty, will see that it is impos­ our countI·y had been properly developed. On the contrary, by sible to build new ships, after a lapse of five years, to ·compete reason of the statutes of our own country, citizens of the United with these subsidized ships built under the provisions of this act. States interested in ocean commerce were absolutely forbidden There certainly will then come in the history of our country a to take advantage of the superior conditions then ex1sting in Eng­ period when no American can afford to build a new ship to com­ land in the con truction of steam ·rnssels. We had no idea at that pete with those ships enjoying this large subsidy for twenty years time of the inexhaustible supply of iron in our own country. As to come. This is one of the serious difficulties which is always said before, our iron industries had not been developed and Eng­ inherited from the bounty scheme and can not be avoided. His­ land had decidedly the advantage of us when iron took the place tory teaches us that such has always been the result. A bounty of wood in the construction of vessels. once begun, there is no good place for giving it up. The more Our navigation laws prohibited our citizens from buying steam bounty you give the.more the recipient wants. vessels from England, and we had not discovered the superior ad­ In the language of the minority of the House committee against vantages which we enjoyed for the construction of iron ships in the passage of this measure, "A bounty works on an industry like lieu of wood. Consequently, we could neither buy from nor com­ alcohol on the human system-the more you take, the more you pete with England, and when steamships took the place of sail want; andafteryouhave taken toomuch, it will kill you to stop and vessels, then began and continued the decay of our merchant ma­ kill you if you do not stop." An American marine built up in this riM. If our citizens had been permitted to take advantage of the way will not remain long at a maximum point, but will decrease conditions existing in England, the condition of affairs which has and go to decay so soon as the supply of the bounty ceases. If confronted us since 1855 would never have existed. money must be taken from the Treasury to give life and growth The Revised Statutes of the United States provided that no to our shipping interest, it will be essential to continue the bounty American citizen shall be allowed to import a foreign-built vessel, system; otherwise, retrogression, failure, and ruin will follow. in the sense of purchasing, acquiring a registry or title to, or of This has been the experience of other nations and will apply to using her as his own property. I read, as a part of my remarks, both features of the bill, either the five or ten year limit. the provisions of our navigation laws which, in my opinion, are The argument relied upon by the advocates of this measure to responsible for the decay of our merchant marine, found on pages secure the pa-ssage of this bill is the small per cent of our exports 75 to 94, inclusive, of a book by David A. Wells on Our Merchant carried in American vessels in comparison with foreign vessels. Marine; How it Rose, Increased, Became Great, Declined, and They claim that in 1869 we carried 33 per cent of our exports in Decayed; with an Inquiry into the Conditions Essential to its American vessels and in 1879 only 23 per cent; and in 1 89 only Resuscitation and Future Prosperity: · 14 per cent and in 1899 still less-8.9 per cent. · The majority of the committee could have gone further and truthfully stated that THE PROVISIONS OF OUR N.A.VIG.A.TION J...A.WS. the percentage of our exports and imports carried in vessels of · Having traced the inception and growth of the navigation laws of the the United States from 1855 to 1899 have gradually decreased. United States, let us next inquire into their provisions. They may be, in the main, stated and illustrated as follows: From 1857 to 1867, a period of ten years, there was a decrease of L No American citizen is allowed to import a foreign-built vessel, in the from 70 per cent to 33 per cent, and from 1867 to 1881 a decrease sense of purchasing, acquiring a registry or title to. or of using her as his own from 33to16 per cent; or, to sum it up, in 1882, of the goods, wares, p_roperty; the only other absolute prohibitions of imports on the part of the and me.rchandise exported from and imported into the United United States bein[ in reRpect to counterfeit money and obscene imblications or objectR. (U. S . ..ttev. Stat., sec. 4132.) States American vessels transported only 16.2 per cent and foreign Furthermore, while we are the only people in the world who are ford.id den vessels 83.8 per cent. to purchase foreign-built vessels, we freely permit all the world to enter our ports with vesseLo:; purchased in any market. Precluded, therefore, by the The way to meet a proposition or an argument, especially an first provisions of our navigation laws from engaging on equal terms in the argument which the friends of the measure claimed to be the con­ carrying trade with foreigners, we wonder and complain that the carrying trolling one in the debate, is to state the truth, draw correct con­ trade of even our own products has passed from our control. clusions as to the causes which have produced the results, and then 2. An American vessel cea.qes to be such if owned in the &mallest degree by any person naturalized in the United States who may, after acquiring such apply a proper remedy. Let us make intelligent inquiry and see ownershio, reside "for more than one year in the conn try in which he orig­ why there has been a decadence of the merchant marine of the inated, oi more than two years in any foreign country, unless such person be United States during the last half of a century. There was a time a consul or other public agent of the United States." (U.S. Rev. Stat., sec. 41 that, without any Government protection whatever, the naviga­ ~.)If a native-born American citizen, for health, pleasure, or any other pur­ tion of the United States challenged the competition of the world pose, except as a consul of the .United States or as a partner or agent in an and sustained itself. Our shipowners and shipbuilders met and exclusively American mercantile house, decides to reside(" usually") in some foreign country, any American vessel of which he may be in all or any part successfully overcame universal competition. It was not sustained owner at once loses its registry and ceases to be entitled to the protection of by protection and bounties, but by extreme economy, by unshaken the flag of the United States. even though theves el may have been of Amer­ perseverance, and by that manly and resolute spirit which relies ican construction and have regularly paid taxes in the United States, and the owner himself has no thought of finally relinquishing his American on itself to protect itself. citizenship. (U. S. Rev. Stat., sec. 4133.) Now, in 1851 the foreign steam tonnage of the United States To illustrate this provision of our navigation laws, let us suppose Capt. and Great Britain were almost equal, and the prospects were that John Smith, not a naturalized citizen, but a native American, is an owner, in all or part, of an American vessel. He becomes afflicted with a disease of the the United States would overtake her great commercial compet­ lungs, and, for his health, goes to live in the south of France, on account of itor. Now, why our decadence? When did it begin? How long the balmy atm.o phere that prevails there. The moment that Capt. John has it continued? To what causes can we attribute this deca­ thus, under the law, begins to "usually reside" in a foreign country, his ves­ sel is liable to lose its register and the protection of the flag of his country. dence? How could we have been saved from this great humilia­ 4. Every citizen of the United States obtaining a register for an American tion? The retrograde movement has continued for nearly fifty vessel must make oath "that there is no subject or citizen of any foreign years. Our exports have increased enormously, but they have power or State, directly or indirectly, by way of trust or confidence, or oth­ been carried by foreign ships. Now, why this condition of affairs? erwise. interested in such vessel or in the profits thereof." (U.S. Rev. Stat.• sec. 4142.) Why is it that the commercial tonnage of nearly every other We invite foreign capital to come to us and help build our railroads, w0rk nation bas increased while ours has declined? . our mines, insure our proP.erty, and even buy and carry our Government They are questions addressed to the intelligence and patriotism bonds as investments\ but if a single dollar of such capital is used to build an American ship and tnereby represents an ownership to any extent of the of every American citizen. Undoubtedly history teaches us that value received, we declare the ship to be thereby so tainted as to be unwor­ our gradual decline began when steam was substituted in place thy of the benefit of American laws. of wind and iron in place of wood as a material for the construc­ 5. A foreigner may superintend an American factory, run an American tion of ships. No one can dispute that when wood was the prin­ railroad, be president of an American college, or hold a commission in the American Army, but he can not command or be an officer of a registered cipal article used in the construction of ships, the United States American vessel. (U. S. Rev. Stat., sec. 4. 131.) had decidedly the advantage in the cost of material. We all Notwithstanding this express provision of law it is an indisputable fa.ct know that when iron was substituted for wood and the steam that there is hardly an American vessel engaged in foreign trade that has not one or more foreigners employed as officers, and instances,Jt is said, are not vessel took the place of the sail vessel, the natural advantage rare of American vessels which have no citizens of the united States on which we enjoyed was swept away. It was soon discovered that board except the master. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE. · 231

If Capt. John Smith, being a foreigner, took command of an American ves­ obtained if it was entered at the port of destination upon, and not in, the sel and falsely swore that he was an American citizen he would "forfeit and ship carrying it. The consequence was that when the ship discharged her pay the sum of $1,CXXl." If one of the owners should take such oath, Captain cargo at Boston, she sailed for Halifax, Nova Scotia, carrying her sheathing Smith not being in the district, the vessel would be subject to forfeiture, but copper with her, and after haVi.ng been there coppered by the shipwrights no such case of forfeiture has ever occurred. She would, however, not be of the British provinces returned in ballast to Boston for her return cargo, subject to forfeiture "if Captain Smith had been appointed the lowest officer all this costly proceeding being cheaper than the payment of 45 per cent on the vessel." To be sure, the law requires that ' officers of vessels of the duty for the privilege of employing A.merican workmen to take off the old United States shall in all cases be citizens of·the United States," but there is s-heathing and put on the new. no penalty whatever imposed on the vessel if they a.re not. 12. If a citizen of the United States buys a vessel of foreign build which Many American citizens, on the other hand, undoubtedly own vessels un­ has been wrecked on our coast, takes her into port, repairs, and renders der foreign flags. Some of them transferred their vessels to English colors her again serviceable and sea.worthy, he can not make her American property during the war to escape capture by Confederate war vessels; but there are unless it is proved to the satisfaction of the Treasury Department that the many who adopt this expedient to obtain cheap ships. They engage a trust­ rerairs put upon such vessel are equal to three-fourths of the cost of the ves­ worthy English clerk, for instance, and buy the vessel in bis name, holding a se when so repaired. (U.S. Rev. Stat., sec. 4136.) mortgage for her full value as security. · The following is an illustration of the working of this statute: In 1871 Some years ago the American consul-general to China, Mr. Seward, in a a citizen of Baltimore purchased a foreign-built; vessel wrecked on the report to the State Department, stated, as within his personal experience American coast and abandoned to the underwriters, and, by spending a from 1882 to 1875, "that the rigid enforcement of this law would often have large sum in reconstruction, rendered her a~ain seaworthy. He then, being forced the owners or agents of those vessels engaged In that part of the desirous of employing his capital embodied m this instrumentality of trade world to lay up their ships or transfer them to other flags." in the most profitable manner, and assuming that the reconstructed wreck 6. No foreign-built vessel, or vessel in any part owned by a subject of a was his lawful property, arranged for an outward cargo, under the flag of foreign power, can enter a port of the United States, and then go to another the United States. But when the vessel was ready to sail registry was re­ domestic port with any new cargo or with any part of her original cargo that fused by the customs officials on the ground that the vessel was of foreign has been once unladen, without having previously voyaged to and touched construction, the sum of the repairs put on the wreck being a little less than at some other port of some foreign country, under penalty of confiscation. three-fourths of the original cost of the vessel; or, in other words, the sub­ By a compartively recent construction of the law, all direct traffic by sea be­ stan~e of this decision, which was correct in law, was, that while the citizen, tween the A.tlant1c and Pacific ports of the United States via Cape Horn or under the laws of the United States, might lawfully buy and acquire title to the Cape of Good Hope or across the Isthmus of Panama is held to be of the a wreck, and use it for any purpose other than navigation, as, for example, a nature of a coasting trade or voyage in which foreign vessels can not partici­ dock, a. house, or a coal bin, he could not acquire title to it and make it A.mer­ pate. (U. S. Rev. Stat., sec. 4347.) ican property lawful to use as a vessel, even after he has paid duties on its In view of the fact that there has been no attempt in recent times on the old materials as imports, unless he could show that he had expended upon part of the English, French, or Dutch Governments to interfere with the the abandoned construction, for the purpose of restoring it to its original transport of merchandise-by American ships by the common highway of the quality for service, a sum nearly equivalent to the cost of building an entirely ocean between the home ports of these countries and their colonial posses­ new vessel. The owner, by law, most mercifully, in such cases is not, how­ sions, this construction of law, not contemplated at the period of its enact­ ever, deprived of the privilege of selling the property to a foreigner. ment, was regarded by Europe as a bit of very sharp and mean practice on 13. Every vessel belonging to the mercantile marine of the United States the part of the United States, as it undoubtedly was. engaged in foreign trade-vessels e.mployed in the fisheries except.ed-must 7. An American vessel once sold or transferred to a foreigner can never be pay annual1.Y into the Federal Treasury a tonnage tax at the rate of 30 cents bought back again and become American property, not even if the transfer per ton. (U.S. Rev. Stat., sec. 4219.) has been the result of capture and condemnation by a foreign power in time At the commencement of the war there were no tonnage taxes, but, by the of war. (U. S. Rev. Stat., sec. 4165.) . act of July, 1862, a tonnage tax of 10 cents per ton was imposed, which was 8. A vessel under 00 tons can not be used to import anything at any sear afterwards increased to 30 cents, the present rate. A.I though there was noth­ board port. (U.S. Rev. Stat., sec. 3095.) ing specific in the recent enactments to warrant it, and American shipping 9. Goods, wares, and merchandise, the produce of countries east of the engaged in foreign trade was in such a condition as to demand the kindliest Cape of Good Hope, when imported from countries west of the Cape of Good consideration from Government, the Treasury officials, interpreting the Hope, are subject to a duty of 10 per cent in addition to the duties rmposedou statute according to the invariable rule for the benefit of the Government such articles when imported directly. [This provision of law, after an experi­ and to the disadvantage of the citizen, were in the habit, up to 1867, of col­ ence of over ninety years, the present Congress (1882) has repealed after lecting this tax at every entry of a vessel from a foreign port; but by the act January 1, 1883.] This law is interpreted so stringentlythat old second-hand of March, 1867, tonnage taxes can now be levied but once a year. On a ship gunny bags, nearly worn out, do not lose their diRtinctiveness to an extent of l,CXX) tons the present tax, amounting to $300 per annum, represents the sufficient to exempt them from additional duties if they finally come to the profits or interest, reckoned at 6 per cent, on an invested capital of $.5,lXX>, United States, in the process of using, from a place west of the Cape of Good and on a ship of 2,000 tons of 10,00U. Mr. F. A. Pike, of Maine, in a speech in Hope. A few years ago a vessel from China, destined to MontrealhCanada, the United States House of Representatives, May, 1868, stated that this tax was sent, on arriving, to New York without breaking bulk. I twas eld that was equivalent, in many instances, to 3 per cent on the market valuation of the voyage ceased in Canada and that the new voyage to New York subjected an inferior class of American vessels employed only in the summer months, the cargo to an additional 10 per cent. By the original navigation laws (act and largely owned by his constituents. of 1790) it was provided that the tariff on all articles imported in American Vessels belonging to foreign States between who.m and the United States ves..:;els shall be less than if imported in foreign vessels. On "Hyson" tea the ordinary commercial relations are established pay the same tonnage taxes as duty in American vessels was 20 cents per pound; in foreign vessels 45 cents. American vessels. But if any person not a citizen of the United States be­ The present discriminating duties on products of countries east of the Cape comes an owner to the extent of the merest fraction in a ship of American of Good Hope, imported indirectly, are a remnant and legacy of these old re­ build, then such ship is not entitled to the privileges accorded to ships owned strictions. (U.S. Rev. Stat., sec. 2501.) wholly by foreigners, but must pay on entering a port of the United States a JO. If a vessel of the United States becomes damaged on a foreign voyage, tonnage tax of 60 cents, or douole rate, and such vessel at once ceases to be and is repaired in a foreign port, her owner or master must make entry of entitled to registry or enrollment as a vessel of the United States. Here, such repairs at a custom-house of the United States as an import, and pay a then, we have piled up, as it were, on the top of all other provisions another duty on the same equal to one-half the cost of the foreign work or material, direct, odius, and stupid discrimination against the employment of foreign or 50 per cent ad valorem; and this law extends so far as to include boats that capital, provided it should so incline for the developing of the American ship­ may be obtained at sea from a passing foreign vessel in order to assure the ping interest and the employment of labor even in our own dockyards and safety of the crew or passengers of the American vessel. (U.S. Rev. Stat., harbors. Supposing a similar law to be proposed discriminating in like man­ sec. 3114.) ner against the investment of foreign capital in American railroads, mines, To the credit of former days it should be said that this provision of law factories, and mercantile enterprises generally, does anyone doubt that the was not a part of the original navigation laws of the United States, but was proponent would be at once hooted into contempt? And yet the hypothetical incorporated into them by special statute passed July 18, 1866, entitled "An lawisnomoreabsurd than the law that actually exists upon the statute book. act to prevent smuggling, and for other purposes~" Under the Treasury reg­ Practically the law is a dead letter in the case of ordinary vessels; rigid ulations it is held that, although no part of the proper e~uipment of aves­ inquiry as to ownership is rarely or never instituted, and the oath required sel arrivingin the United States from a foreign countryishableto duty, such is regarded and taken as a mere form. In case of incorporated American equipment, if considered by the United States revenue officers as redundant, ocean navigation companies tif there are any such) the president of the com­ is liable to the payment of duty as a foreign import, althoagh there may be pany has only to swear to the ownership of any vessel by the company and no intent of landing, disposing of, or using such extra equipment, except in the Federal officials will not care if the ownership of one or a majority of the connection with thevessel. Thus,forexample, when twosetsofchainswere shares of the corporation vest in citizens of foreign nationalities, the provi­ found on board of a foreign vessel, and one set was held to be all that was sion of the statute as with a view of making the law of noneffect being that, necessary, the other set was made chargeable with duty. In another case, in this swearing to ownership by a company, it shall not be necessary to desig­ where anchors and chains were bonded on importation, and at the same time nate the names of the persons comprising such company. The result of this entered for exportation, and placed on board the vessel as a pa.rt of her equip­ is that any foreigner can purchase shares in any American navigation com­ ment, it was held by the Treasury that the fogal duties should be collected pany and not a vessel of their fleet will thereby lose American registration on the same. and A.merican protection; but if a foreigner became the owner of the small­ 11. Foreign vessels losing rudder, sternpost, or breaking shaft and arriv­ est fraction of a hundred-ton steamboat, plying between Key West and Ha­ ing in the United 8tates in distress can not import others to replace these bana, the registration of such vessel would be immediately vitiated. articles here without payment of the duty on the same. In one case of ac­ If a Sunday school or a picnic party, out on an excursion, happen to come tual occurrence a foreign line of steamers left-during a trip interval-their into an American port on a foreign (Cana.dian) vessel (as was recently the mooring chains of foreign manufacture on an American wharf. Some over­ case on one of our upper lakes), for mere temporary and pleasure purposes, vigilant revenue officer reported the occurrence to the Treasury Depart- the vessel is liable to a tonnage. tax; and a libel against the vessel instituted , ment; and it was decided that as the chains were landed, the legal duties by an overzealous official for its payment was decided by the Treasury De­ should be collected from them as an importation. A foreign vessel can not partment (August, 1876) to bea proceeding which the Government must en­ even land copper sheathing for the sole purpose of being recoppered by force. American workmen without paying duties on the old copper stripped off and 14:. By the act of June 6, 1872, all materials necessary for the construction the new copper put on as separate and distinct imports. During the year of vessels built in the United States for the purpose of foreign trade may be 1871 the owner of a Dutch vessel entered at Boston, ignorant of the peculiar imported and used free of duty. But no American vessel receiving the benefit features of the tariff of the United States in respect to the ocean carrying of this act can engage in the American coasting trade for more than two trade, put on board at the foreign port of clearance a quantity of sheet cop­ months io any one year without payment of the duties which have been per sufficient to sheath the bottom of bis 'Vessel, it being intended to have remitted. the work done in the United States upon her arrival in ord':lr to save time 15. The several ports of the United States are classified by districts, and in and put the vessel in good order for her return voyage. each district one port is designated by statute as a" port of entry" and others The agent, advised of this arrangement, referred the matter to the officials as "ports of delivery." All vessels on arriving from a foreign country in any of the Boston custom-house for instructions, only to learn that the new district must first report at the established port of entry and there conform sheathing metal could not be used in the United States as proposed without to the details of the custom-house service; after which the vessel, if Ameri­ paying a duty of 45 per cent, while the copper taken off the ship's bottom can, can proceed, if desired, to any port of delivery in the district for the pur­ must also pay a duty of4cents per pound as an importation of old copper. The pose of unloading. But if a vessel be foreign it can only discharge atthe port agent signified his willingness to pay the latter and sell the old metal for of entry, even though its cargo be imported exclusively for the use of Ameri­ what it would bring, but requested to be allowed to land the new copper in can citizens at a port of delivery. A ship, therefore, may pass almost within bond for reexportation, as it would be carried out by the same vessel that hail of the point of d'estination of its cargo and yet be compelled to unload brou~ht it in. He was informed, however, that the bond for exportation many miles away, thus necessitating reshipping and repeated handling at reqm.red for its cancellation a. certificate of the landing of the bonded goods much additional expense. Thus the customs district of Boston and Charles­ in the foreign port for which its export was declared, which could not be town comprises only one port of entry-Boston-while Cambridge, Medford, 232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 11,

Hingham, Cohasset, etc., are all ports of delivery only. If a foreign vessel ful whether, out of the 378 members of C-0ngress, as many as 50 can at once arrives from abroad with a cargo of hemp for Hingham, instead of proceed­ define the difference betweP.n a vessel "enrolled " and a vessel "registered," ing direct to the wharf in that port, she must first sail right by, enter herself or if any of the officials of the customs service or Treasury Department can and cargo in Boston.and then unload at a.Boston wharf, when the goods may at once and correctly tell in detail how to tl·ansfer the license of a merchant be reshipped by packet or railroad for Hingham. Again, if a foreign vessel ship or pleasure yacht from one collection district of the United States to is loaded with a cargo for Raybrook, a port of delivery at the month of the another. 1 And it is further curious to note that not a single writer or speaker Connecticut River, she must pass direcLly by her destination and proceed of note who within recent years has undertaken to advocate the navigation 40 miles up the river, often with difficulty navigable, to Middletown, the laws of the United States or oppose their repeal or essential modification-pos­ port of entry for the district, and there discharge and provide for the recon­ sil>ly from lack of knowledge or fear lest a full exposition would of itself veyance of her cargo by some other method of transportatian to the place defeat and neutralize his argument-has ever ventured to tell his readers or where it is wanted. hearers what the code really embraces or provides for in detail. 'l'he following will alRo illustrate in some degree the manner in which the navigation laws of the United States have been executed: Other nations saw the advantages which England enjoyed; All vessels of the United States engaged in the coasting trade are required and, with the exception of the United States, granted permission to be enrolled and licensed and vessels enga.,cring in trade and transportation without previously procurmg1 such em·ollment or license are liable to seizure to their own citizens to buy and use such ships constructed of and hea'vy penalties. On the east bank of the Hudson, in the city of Troy, iron as could be obtained in the cheapest markets of the world. State of New York, there are extensive ironworks, the coal and ore supplies Other nations said to their citizens, if England can build cheaper for which are largely transported over the Erie and Champlain canals. Boats coming down these canals, loaded with such supplies, are locked into and better iron ships for ocean commerce than you can your­ the Hudson at West Troy, a point on the west bank nearly opposite to the selves, and will furnish them to you on as favorable terms as furnaces; then, after crossing the river, delivering their freight, and re­ granted to her own citizens, your government will interpose no crossing, reenter the canal, and return on their route for another similar obstacles to your so doing. Other nations recognize that iron cargo. Some vears ago the officials of the United States Treasury Depart­ ment decided 0that under our navigation laws this temporary entry of boats vessels had superseded sail vessels and gave to their citizens the from the canals into the Hudson for the purpose of delivering cargo, and right to purchase steam vessels wherever they could be obtained their subsequent return into the canal, constitutes, as it were, involuntarily, that we live on a higher and different rior advantage which we enjoy in material, enable Americans to plane, and that among nations calling themselves civilized and enlightened such things are no longer possible. It would be difficult, however, to find in construct cheaper and better ships than any nation in the world, any record of p.

we have at our doors for· the construction of ships. No country they should continue to clamor for additional assistance at the in the world furnishes a larger quantity and a better quality of expense of the public Treasury? I hold in my hand the North both wood and iron for the construction of ships. I do not sup­ American Review of 1892, containing an article written in Janu­ pose any intelligent man will contend that God charged more for ary of that year by Mr. Charles H. Cramp, one of our largest growing our forests and for putting our iron in the earth on Amer­ shipbuilders, in which he discussed the cost of building and main­ ican soil than he did in the soil of Europe. It requires no argu­ taining ships in the Uniteq. States in comparison with foreign· ment to sustain the proposition that if we have the quantity and built ships. I quote his exact language, which is as follows: quality of raw material for the construction of ships and can The proper form in which to put the question is, Can you build a ship to do transform it into a manufactured article as che~ply as other na­ the work of the City of New York, or the Majestic, or the Columbia, in all re­ tions, then we ought to be able to compete with any other nation spects, for the same cost? To that question I would reply: Yesi or within as in the world in the construction of ships. small a margin as would be likely to prevail in a similar case oetween any two British shipyards. It is the fact that the first cost of ships is not only not a prime factor, but it is not even a serious factor in any competitfon that Total production of pig iron in the vnited States froni 1810 to 1898. may occur between this country and Great Britain for a share of the traffic of the ocean. American shipyards have built or are building about 40 naval Long Long Long vessels of numerous rates and types, all of the >eryhighest and most effective Year. tons. Year. tons. Year. tons. class in the world, and this development bas been crowded into a space of about seven years. The disparity of cost of naval ships between our yards and those of Great Britain, ton for ton, gun for gun, and performance for 1866 ______1,205,663 1810.-----·--··· 53,908 1883______4,595,510· performance, has dwindled in seven years until, in the case of the three 1820______20,000 1867.. ______1,305,cm 1884______4,097,868 latest battle ships, the margin between our classes and those of similar con­ 1830 ______·----· 165,000 1 63 ______1,431,250 1885______4,0!4,526 struction abroad may be expressed by a very small figure. If the current 184.-0______286,903 1869 ______L,711,287 1886______5,683,3;."l9 policy of construction be pursued for another decade (1902), coupled with a 185()______563, 755 1870. ·------1, 665, 179 1887..______6,417,HS vigorous and persistent execution of the measures recently enacted in be­ 1 71.______1, 706, 793 18&L.______6,489, 738 half of the merchant marine, the question which forms the subject of this l~L:::::::::: 1872 ••..••••••. 2,MS, 713 1889______7,603,642 paper will be asked no more, unless, indeed, its point should be reversed and 1856 m::788,515 1873 ______2,560,963 I 90. ,. _____ ---- 9,ro2, 703 Englishmen be asking one another, Can we build ships as economically as 1857 :::::: :::::: 712, 6!-0 1~74: ______2,401,362 1891.. •.. - -· ·-· 8, 279, 870 they can in the United States? 18.58______629, MS 1875 ______1,023,733 189!L...... 9,157,000 18.59______750 560 1876 ______1,868,961 18i7 ______1,066,594 1893 .• ----·---· 7, J.2.l,502 Mr. Cramp predicted that by the year 1902 England and English­ 1894------·---- 6,657,388 men would be asking and debating the question, How can we ~:::::::::::: 1878 ••••••••••• 2,301,215 1895. --··· ----- 9, «6, 308 1862,______::fit703,270 . 1879 ______2, 741,853 1896 _____ -----· 8, 623, 127 build ships as cheaply as the United States? In connection with 1863______848,075 1880 ______3,835,191 1897______9,652,680 the line of argument which I am now pursuing, pointing out the 18flt ...... l,014t282 1881- ••••••..•• 4,144,254 1898 ______11,773,93:! 1865.______831, 770 wonderful progress we are now making in the construction of 1882------· 4,623,323 ships, and pointing out the further fact that ships can be built as cheaply in this country as in England, I read part of an article As to the cost of the construction of ships in the United States, published in The Statist, London, October 7, 1899, which is as in comparison with England, I quote from the minority report of follows: the House committee a statement made by Mr. W. I. Babcock. But it is not realized in this country­ This statement is found in an article written by Mr. Charles E. Naylor in 1898, and is as follows: Meaning England- The ability not only to build good ships but to build them as cheaply as any how much iron shipbuilding has already developed in the United States competing nation can is one of the prime essentials, and it is therefore a great under the stimulus of the war. Of course\ we all know how America took the pleasure to be able to say that it is my_deliberate opinion, after a careful in­ lead in the good old days of wooden ships, out all do not realize how vigorous spection of the various shipyards thrown open to us, that, given work enough an infant now is the iron shipbuilding industry there. The Government's to keep our yards (meaning the United States) occupied all the time, our building yards have grown enormously since the United States began, in 1894, larger and more modern shipyards could build ships and make money at to build her own war ships. English prices, and this notwit,hstandin~ the fact that the wages paid on the At the present time there are between 40 and 50 steel vessels of various Clyde-taken from an official list I obtamed in Glasgow-average about 55l classes in the process of construction for the United States Navy in no fewer per cent of the wages we pay. He said: "This is due to the much greater use than 16 different yards, of which there are 3 on the Pacific coast. These vei;. of labor-saving machinery in our yards, to their better arrangement for hand­ sels range from first-class battle ships to small torpedo boats. and all the ma­ ling material, to, in many respects, better tools, and, la'st, by no means least, terial till now has been of American manufacture, though of late some to the fact that we manage our own business, that the union and walking purchases have had to be made of Great Britain. The American official re­ delegate are not all-powerful with us, that master and man work together in turns are difficult to compare with our own, because the American fiscal year America with mutual respect and esteem. that our mechanics are better and ends June 30; but in the last fiscal year the amount of steel tonnage alone, brighter workmen, more intelligent, and take more pride in their work." built in the United States, was 13!,000 tons. In the present fiscal year the tonnage will be at leastdoubled,andmayreach300,000tons. Now, this means both great and rapid development. Besides the naval work we have men­ Mr. HANNA. May I interrupt the Senator to ask from whom tioned, every shipyard in the United States is reported to be full of merchant he is quoting? work, and is extending its area. Camden, N.J., isputtingup an entirely new establishment, which when completed will rank as the largest building yard Mr. CLAY. I have been quoting from Mr. Babcock. on the Atlantic coast. This new yard will cover an area of 125 acres; i.t will Mr. HANNA. Who is he? The Senator knows him? be adapted to building first-class war ships of the largest size, and it will have Mr. CLAY. No, sir. I said he was an engineer. a graving dock 800 feet iong for the reception of ocean liners, of which a specialty is to be made. Mr. HANNA. Where is he from? All the Atlantic shipyards are now engaged on naval-construction work, Mr. CLAY. I should have said the article I just read was as well as the repair work at the three Government yards at Norfolk, Va., w1·itten by Mr. Naylor. Philadelphia, and Brooklyn. 'fhe Norfolk yard is an old establishment, Mr. HANNA. Is he a citizen of the United States? dating back to the days of wooden frigates, and during the civil war it was the object of severe contention between the rival forces. It has been recon­ Mr. CLAY. Yes- structed. It has been reconstructed on modern lines, and is now adapted to M.r. HANNA. I am more anxious about the other gentleman. the construction of war ships of the late:>t type, though it has not been able Mr. CLAY. I was quoting from Mr. Naylo~. to make much of some of the damaged vessels captured from the Spaniards. The Norfolk yard is, however, chiefly used for repair purposes; and, indeed, Mr. HANNA. Oh! there has been comparatively little building in any of the Government yards Mr. CLAY. As has been well said heretofore, we all know of late years, Congress seeming to prefer to encourage private enterprises that the pendulum of advantage which has swung so long in favor by letting out all new work on contract. There is little doubt that this has had material effect in attracting capital to and stimulating development in of England is swinging our way at last. The changed conditions the shipbuilding industry within the last year or two; and it is to be re­ in the production of iron and steel, now produced more cheaply membered that the private yards are not subject to the wage and labor con­ in the United States than anywhere else in the world, will enable ditions applied by Congress to the Government establishments, though an effort was made last Congress to make them applicable to all Government us to build ships more cheaply than they can be built in England. work, wherever done. lrJany years ago Mr. John Roach and Mr. Charles H. Cramp, two The Philadelphia (League Island) yard has also been used almost exclu­ of our greatest shipbuilders, testified before a committee from ~dvely for repairs. but it is declared to be an ideal place for building, and will be so utilized in the future. At the Brooklyn yard are the largest dry docks the House of Representatives investigating the cause of the de­ in the country, though at League Island a still larger one is in coru·se of con- cline of our shipping interest, that if Congress would take off the struction under a vote of last Congress. · duties from American iron, reducing it to the price of foreign Meanwhile. howeve1', all the additions to the United States Navy are being iron, then we are prepared to compete with foreign shipbuilders. made by private builders under Government inspection, and fifty vessels of all sorts is a large order. Pendmg the completion of the Camden yard, the larg­ The labor question is misstated. We are prepared to meet that est shipbuilding establishments now iu operation are those of the Newport difficulty and to ask no further legislation on the subject. Con· News Shipbuilding Company, Virginia, ot: the Cramp Company, at Philadel· gress began the policy of free material for shipbuilding for the phia, and of the Harlan-Hollingsworth Company, at Wilmington. But another large yard is being brought into operation on the Pacific coast. at foreign trade in 1872 and has steadily pursued and expanded that Seattle, in the State of Washington, for the building of steamers for the policy. We all know that by sections 7 and 8 of the tariff act of Pacific trade. The obstacle to the development on the Pacific coast is, of 1894, which were repeated in sections 12 and 13 of the tariff act of 9ours~, the long carriage on material, the nearest base of supply for which is 1897, the free list was extended so as to include all materials for m~~~~tanding this difficulty, shipbuilding is developing steadily there. the construction of ships. We all know that articles of domestic Two battle ships are now being built in the :5an Francisco.;yard which turned production, when used as supplies for vessels of the United States, out the famous Oregon, and which has also built war ships for .Japan. A large fleet of merchant vessels is wanted for the Pacific, and it is found cheaper to are exempted from internal-revenue taxes. In view of these build them of deported material on the Pacific coast than to build them on special favors enjoyed by the shipownerfl, is it just and right that the Atlantic and send the ships around Cape Horn. At San Francisco as 234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 11, well as a.t the new yard at Seattle, quite a number of high·class large ocean Steel steam, vessel$ built in United States. steamers for the Pacific trade are being built-the largest merchant steamers, we believe, as yet built in the States. Atlantic. Pacific. Great Lakes. Total. The United States Commissioner of Navigation recently e~timated, whilst gathering material for his annual report, that not fewer than LOOO vessels Nnm- Num- lNnm- were added to the American register during the last fiscal year, including, Tons. Tons. Tons. Num- Tons. of course, vessels purchased from foreigners and vessels intended for the in­ ber. ber. · ber. ber. land waters only. We can not yet tell how-much of that tonnage comes into ------the ocean carrying trade, but the Commissioner of Navigation has prepared 1891 •••••••••: ···- 3 9,342 .....i. 31 48, 939 34 58,281 tables to show the effect which the proposed shipping legislation will have 14 ····400· 23,(){5 upon shipping, on the assumption that the subsidies will merely "offset" the 189"Z ..•.•••.••••.. 16,040 16 31 39,485 higher cost of constrnction and operation in the United States. He also re­ 1893 ------·------11 12,119 1 3,528 26 49, 983 38 65,630 gards the subsidies as an ' offset" to payments under British mail contracts, 189{ ------19 26,065 1 - 103 11 19, 920 31 46,088 which is a fallacy, for under our mail contracts we merely pay for services 18!l5 . ----~ •••••••• 23 19,656 l 2,504 8 18, 0'20 32 4-0, 180 rendered-that is to say, the so-called maH subsidies are just freightage for 1896 ------21 ~.003 2 ':07 25 63,591 48 96,331 1897 ------24: 21,407 19 56,670 43 78,077 goods carried. Of more importance, to our mind, than the subsidies pro­ 26 17, 014: ·····5· --5~49i" 17 25,287 posed by Sena.tor HANNA is the fact that the c<>st of production of iron and 1898 ------·--- 48 47, 792 steel in the future promises to be considerably lower in the United States 1899. ------49 51,326 12 3,317 19 48,375 80 103,018 than in this country. We do not refer to present conditions, which are ab­ 1900 ----··------,_ 51 70,5-18 3 l,lil 26 96,259 80 167,948 normal, but to the conditions which will prevail when the present excitement ------has abated. Total .•.... 24:1 275, 550 26 17,191 198 450,089 46.5 742,830 .- The question .that concerns us, with an abundance of cheap steel and iron in the United States, is, How are we in the futuretocom­ We know that Congress has been most liberal in making appro­ petewith that nation in the building of ships? Well may England priations to enlarge our Navy. This we all approve. We in­ be alarmed about the situation, for an examination of our exports, creased the appropriations from $15,000,000 to 65,000,000 in a consisting of material in the construction of ships, points unerr­ period of three years; and it is estimated that the total expendi­ ingly to the conclusion that we are to-day producing iron and tures of the Navy Department, including the cost of construction steel cheaper than any country in the world. In an article writ­ of new ships, for the year 1902 will be $87,172,630.06. So it can ten by Mr. George Wenlersse, taken from the report of the House not be said that we are likely to need auxiliary cruisers, trans­ committee, found in Consular Reports, March 8, 1900: he truth­ ports, and seamen for Government use. This bill is not designed fully says: for any such purpo es. Priv ~te parties, anxious to advance thefr own interests, are the real beneficiaries under its provisions. Be­ Gradually the Americans are pushing their way into the British colonies. The last railroad built in India has American rails. American manufacturers fore I conclude my. remarks I desire again to call attention to export their iron and motors, their machinery and galvanic wires, to Cape another feature of the report of the Commissioner of Navigation, Colony. Egypt, too, has Philadelphia bridge builders on the scene. Three who seems to be the special champion of the measure we have hundred railroad coaches have found their way from Jersey City into the land of the Pharaohs, and electrical tramways are forged in the foundries of under consideration. On page 31 of that report be gives us the Pittsburg to connect Cairo with the Pyramids. Even Europe is not safe price of steel plate used for ships, both in the United States and against the invasion of American iron and steel Russia, France, Germany, Great Britain, for 1899, which I desire to insert as a part of my and Italy must pay tribute. England herself buys American locomotives, steel rails, railroad coaches, and even coal from the United States. Sheffield, remarks: · England, the home of the steel industry, has been dethroned by Pittsburg. Price of steel plate in the United States and Gl'eat Britain f1·om Apl"'il, 1899, to It would be frivolity to remain indifferent to the expansion of this leviathan September, 1900. people. United Great In the same article the writer makes this striking statement: Date. States. Britain. To-day ships may be built at Bath, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Wilming­ ton, Chester, and Newport News as cheaply as anywhere in the world. 1899. The argument presented by the majority of the committee that April ...... •....••.....•...... •..... $50.4-0 ~-63 the American shipowners pay better wages to labor can be easily May .... ---- ...... ----- . -- --- •..... ---· ... ----- ....• ----- 50.40 34:. 63 June .....• ------...... ------50. 4-0 3.5. 84: answered. We know previous to 1855, when American ships com­ July ...... • , ...... ---- •...... •....•...... 56.00 36.45 peted successfully with British ships in our foreign-carrying trade, August ...... ------...... ----•..... ------56.00 37.06 we then paid better wages to our sailors than the English paid. September ...... •.....•..... 67.20 37.06 Still we successfully met the keen competition of our rivals. An October .... __ ....•...... •.....•...... 67.20 37.06 November .....•...... ------...... •..... 67.20 38.88 examination into the scale of wages paid by us, in comparison December ...... •....••...... ••.....•.••••.••...... 67.20 38.88 with British wages, coupled with the food and comforts of the sailors of both nations, show a decided advantage to our sailors. 1900. January .•...... •.. -----.--·-· ...... ••.... ---- ...... 58. 24: 38.88 While this is true, the nutritious food and superior treatment re­ February .••...••.....•••.••...... •..... ____ ... . 50. 4-0 39.!9 ceived by our sailors enable them to do much more efficient work March ...... •....•....•••.•...... •...... •..... 48.18 4-0.10 than the British sailors perform. It is estimated that our sailors April .....•.. --- •..... ----...... --- .....•...... •. ---- 42.56 4-0. 70 May .... ------·· ....•...... • ----...•.....• ------4-0. 32 4-0. 70 do from 17 to 28 per cent more work than British sailors. June ...... •.....• ------· ...... ------•...... 33.60 4-0. 'iO Another illustration of the wonderful progress we have made July . ------• ------. ------··-· --- - 28.00 4-0. 86 in the iron industry may be found by a careful examination of 24.08 38.88 both our imports and exports of pig iron during the last twenty t~1!8i!1J0r·: ::::·.: :::::: :::: :::: :::::: :::::::::: :::::: ::: : 24. 64: 38.88 years. In 1880 21t per cent of the pig iron consumed in the United States came from foreign countries; in 1882 10.64 per He tells us in this report that in 1898 we exported to Great cent of the pig iron used by us as a nation came from foreign Britain some of the steel plates for the British steamship Oceanic, countries; in 1885 only 3.57 per cent of the pig iron used by us the largest vessel afloat, and that during the past summer Amer­ came from foreign countries; in 1891 less than 1 per cent of the ican steel ship plates have been quoted in British markets, though pig iron consm11ed by the United States came from foreign coun­ ocean freights have been $5 and, in some instances, more. While tries, and in 1899 we produced more than 11,000,000 tons of pig he says special causes have, of course, been at work in both coun­ iron, and of the amount consumed by us only one-fifthof,1 per cent tries to produce the marked fluctuations in the prices of steel ship came from foreign countries. We exported of domestic iron and plates, it is doubtle s within bounds to assert for the futnre, under steel railroad bars in 1880 only 1,008 tons; in 1882, 3,351 tons; in normal conditions, the price of steel ship plates in the United 1885, 7 ,956 tons; in 1890, 10,236 tons; in 1893, 15,698 tons, and in 1899. States will usually be lower than in Great Britain. 277, 85 tons. There was an increase from 1893 to 1899, a period But, Mr. President, thus far I have endeavored to point out the of six years, of over 1,500 per cent. (See Statistical Abstract, 1899, inequalities and favoritism running through the entire measure, page 362.) · but my objections to such legislation go still further; because, in The Commissioner of Navigation, in bis annual report for the my opinion, the bill is vicious in principle, and bounties have fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, says that the last fiscal year has always been repugnant to the spirit of our free institutions. The been not only the most prosperous known to American shipping $9,000,000 donated to a certain class of shipowners is necessarily interests during recent years, but measured by absolute, not rel­ taken from the entire people by taxation. If the shipowner is ative, statistical standards, it has been the most notable year in entitled to a bounty to aid him in his private business, can not the the history of American shipping. He tells us that the returns for farmer, with equal justice. demand a bounty from the public the first quarter of the current fiscal year and reports on vessels Treasury on his corn, his wheat, cotton, or other products? under construction or contract give promise that the fiscal year Can not we, with as much propriety, take from the public Treas­ ending June 30, 1901, will surpass even the remarkable record of ury 20 cents a bushel for all grain raised by the farmer and donate it the fiscal year just closed. He tells us that our total documentary as a bounty. and with equal consistency, as we can make this dona­ tonnage on June 30, 1900, comprised23,333 vessels of 5,164,839 gross tion to the shipowners? It is manifestly unequal and unjust to tax tons, and that this total has been exceeded but three times in our farmers, shoemakers, carpenters, blacksmiths, masons, dairymen, history, and that if the tonnage of our canal boats and barges was miners, and railroad men to pay a bounty to shipowners for every included the actual t.onnage of the United States for last year was mile they sail upon the sea, unless you go into the public Treasury unquestionably greater than ever before in our history. I also and give a bounty to all forms of industry, which i~ impos ible. insert, as a part of my remarks, on page 25 of his last report, the In the United States, with our free institutions, the people have steam vessels built in the United States from 1891 to 1900. a right to expect that all legislation will tend to equalize the con- 1900 . . CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-· SENATE.

ditions of human life. This bill, if enacted into law, will tend to ning of a carnival for extravagance and the profligate and shame­ build up a moneyed aristocracy and to reproduce in the United ful squandering of public money. Let us not make it the begin­ States the method·of government which has for centuries con­ ning of a policy founded on favoritism in legislation and with trolled Europe. Our Republic has always stood for equality of subsidies to favored classes. Let us not crush the farmer, the rights and against discriminating legislation. artisan, or the plowman by bounties granted to others by exac­ History teaches us that the governments of Europe seek through tions upon them. These classes are entitled to as much consid­ unjust legislation to build up great estates and have little regard eration at the bands of the Government as -the shipowners. If for the masses. Is it possible that we have arrived at a period in the shipowner, by the contribution of the taxpayers, is to enlarge our history when we are willing to forsake that spirit of justice bis business and increase his profits, why is not the cotton and and equality which bas characterized our Republic in the past grain grower entitled to equal consideration? - and follow in the footsteps of the monarchs of Europe? . We are Is the financial success of one class of our people of greater con- - constantly reminded, when we undertake to legislate for the peo­ cern than that of another? What special service has the ship- - ple of the United States, that we are justified in pursuing a cer­ owner conferred upon his country that he should have the right tain line of policy because England bas pursued such a policy. to tax the farmer, the merchant, or the laborer to build up his In the argnment thus advanced we have already been told that private business and to enhance his private fortune? The princi­ England subsidizes ships. She subsidizes lines of ships connected ples of this bill are unjust, undemocratic, and absolutely inde­ with her outlying possessions just as we pay star lines of our pos­ fensible. The Democratic party stands for a government that I tal system to deliver mail within our territorial limits. There is shall protect all, and grant favors to none. In the history of our a difference between our system of government and England and country we have seen political parties rise and fall, and we can a difference between our territorial possessions. England's terri­ not always point out the forces that control results. No political to1ial possessions extend around the globe, and she needs speedy party can afford to forsake principle in order to obtain victory. and prompt postal communication with her outlying possessions. The Democratic party will remain true to the principles of our The United States, notwithstanding the fact that we have made Government, and will rally around its standard the aspirations departure from the teachings of our fathers, are still a compact and hopes of all men who love liberty and justice. The Demo­ nation with few outlying possessions. cratic party syJllpathizes with all men iB the hard struggles of An examination of the expenditures of foreign nations for mer­ life, and will never oppress one class to enrich another. The party chant shipping will show that the amounts contributed by each stands for absolute justice, equality of rights, economical and hon­ are for the purposes of paying for carrying the mail. I insert as est government, and equal opportunities for all men under and a part of my remarks the marked tables of the report of the before the law. Commissioner of Navigation for 1899, showing the amounts con­ Mr. HANNA. Mr.·President, it had beenmyintention tomake tributed by foreign nations and for what purposes used. These a few remarks on the subsidy bill thjs afternoon, bnt the hour is tables will be found on pages 24 and 25 of the Report of the Com­ late. On Thursday I shall ask unanimous con5ent to take up the missioner of Navigation. matter inlmediately after the conclusion of the morning business, so that I may conclude before 3 o'clock. EXPENDITURES BY FOREIGN N.A.TIONS FOR MERCHANT SHIPPING. Mr. TELLER. I do not wish to object, but there is a special The following table shows the current annual expenditures of the mari­ order for Thursday. time nations of Europe and Japan, so far as they have been ascertained, in behalf of their respective merchant navies. The latest available official re­ Mr. HANN A. l thought I could conclude bafore 3 o'clock if I ports, reports of steamship companies and mail contracts, copies of which could be permitted by unanimous consent to commence at the time are on file in the llureaa, have been used. The statement is not complete, indicated. bat it is believed to be accurate as far as it professes to go. Complete figures for the current year would probably increase the total of $26,355,641. For the Mr. TELLER. I will not make any objection. fiscal year ended June 30, 1899, the United States paid for ocean mails to Mr. HANNA. I shall not commence if there will not be time American vessels $998,211, and to foreign vessels S!Si,008, of which the British to conclude. Cana.rd and White Star lines rec;eived $245,620 and the North German Lloyd $157,057. EXECUTIVE SESSION. Great Britain-----·-----·------__ ------·------·------$5, S.51, 525 Mr. LODGE. I move that the Senate proceed to the consider- Mail contracts and mail pay, 1899 1____ ------$J, 755,395 ation of executive blisiness. - Colonial mail contracts, 1899 11 ____ ------·-- 765,450 The motion was agreed to; and the ·senate proceeded to the con~ Mail contracts not ascertained (about), 1899 3 · - ______100, 000 Admiralty subventions, 1899 1.------·-- 316,323 siderationof executive business. After one hour and twenty-three Retainers to merchant seamen, 1899 1 ______---· ---- 606,853 minutes spent in executive session the doors were reopened, and Refunds to British ships with naval-reserve appren- (at 5 o'clock and 40 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to­ tices (about), 1899 3 ______------·--. ----· ---·---- 150,000 Canadian fishing bounties, 1897 1. ----- _----- _------__ 157, 504 morrow, Wednesday, December 12, 1900, at 3 o'clockp. m. Germany ____ ------·--·-· .------·------_ 1, 894, 620 11 Mail subsidies, 1899 ------1,5!4,620 Trans-Atlantic mails (about)' ____ ------3.50,000 NOMINATIONS. France ____ ------____ .... ------·------·------·------7,632,242 Mail subsidies, 1899 11 • ______------______------__ -1, 655, 791 Executive nominations 1·eceived by the Senate Decembm· 11, 1900. Navigation bounties (annual average for past five years) 1 _ ----- ______------· ______------____ ---- 1, 863,469 AMBASSADOR. Construction bounties, 1897 1-----·------993,142 Fishing bounties, 18971 -----·------119, 840 George V. L. Meyer, of Massachusetts, to beambassadorextraor­ Italy __ ---- ___ --- __ ------. ------·------· - • - ·--· ------2, 185, 266 dinary and plenipotentiary of the United States to Italy, vice 2 Mail subsidies, 1899 ______------· ------· 1,679, 985 Navigation bounties,18971 ______------394,5.57 William F. Draper, resigned. Construction bounties, 1897 1______----·· ------·- . --· 110, 72! Russia. ______----_-----_. ___ .---· . __ ------1, 371, 187 8ubsidies, 18991 _------. ______• ------1, 065, 187 CONFIRMATIONS. Refund Suez Canal dues, 1899 1 _------306,000 Austria-Hun ~ary. __. ------. ------1, 724, 249 Executive nominations confirmed by the Smiate Decernbe1· 11, 1900. Mail subsidies, 18991_ ------. _____ -----· ----·- -·---- 1, 724,249 ~avigationand construction bounties.--:------·--· (2) ASSISTANT ATTORNEY-GE.NERAL. Spam ______-----_ -----·---. --· ------· --· - ---- 1, 629, 9!!1 3 James l\I. Beck, of Pennsylvania, be Assistant Attorney-Gen­ Mail subsidiesl 1896 • ------· --·------1,629,927 to Construction uounties. ___ . ______---- ______---· ____ . ___ (2) eral. Portugal. ___ ------__ . ------·------·------63, 300 SECRETARIES OF LEGATION. Huntington Wilson, of Illinois, to be secretary of the legation =::§·~~~~ J~~;: :: :::~::~:~: ::~~::::~~~::: ~=~::: =~ ~:: :::;:; ::: of the United States tu Japan. Mails and subsidies, 1899 s ______------______----- ·--- 136, 9!8 Samuel Morrill, of Massachusetts, to be third secretary of the Sweden _____ ·----·----·-··---·----·------·------· 31,8!4 embassy of the United States at Berlin, Germany. Den~~~ _1~-~~ ~===: ::::=: :::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ___ --~~ ·-~ 82,455 H. Percival Dodge, of Massachusetts, to be second secretary of 1 Mails • ·------_ --- ·------·------__ • ------82, 455 the embassy of the United States at Berlin, Germany. Japan _____ ------____ ------____ ------·------· ·------3,492, lCYT Mail subsidies, 18991 ______3,316,482 REG IS TER OF THE LA.ND OFFCE. Navigation bounties.------·------·-·-·------Construction bounties, 1899 1. __ • ·---· -----· ·------· 138, 625 Harry H. Myers, of Brinkley, Ark., to be register of the land 1 Fishing bounties, 1898 ______·-· ---- ·----· ------· --·-·· 37, 000 office at Little Rock, Ark. . 26 COMMISSIONER TO REVISE THE LAWS, g~~e~ts~!les~ -iswi ::: ::::::::: ======: ::::::::::: :::::: :::: :::::: ' ~: rJ The last few years Providence has blessed us with plentiful William D. Bynum, of Indiana, to be commissioner to revise crops, bountiful harvests, and in consequence almost unparalleled and codify the criminal and penal laws of the United States. commercial activity. Congress meets surrounded with these UNITED STATES ATTORNEY. favorable conditions. Let us not make this occasion the begin- James B. Holland, of Pennsylvania, to be attorney of the United 1 Government report or statute. 2Steamship report or contract. 3 Estimate. States for the eastern district of Pennsylvania. _ 236" CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEl\IBER 11,

Ml!\ERA.Ir~D COMMISSIONERS. Sergt. Nels Anderson, Troop 0, First Cavalry, July 25, 1900. George A. Black, of Fairhaven, Wash., to -be a mineral-land Corpl. William McE. Walton, Battery H, Sixth Artillery, July commissioner in Idaho. 25, 1900. Thomas A. Davis, of Ma1ad, Idaho, to be a mineral-land com­ Sergt. Frank B. Edwards, Battery H, Fourth Artillery, July 25, missioner in Idaho. 1900. Homer B. King, of Idaho, to be a mineral-land commissioner Corpl. Arthur H. Freshwater, Troop K, Sixth Cavalry, Jnly25, in Idaho. 1900. ASSA.YER. Electrician Sergt. William Korst, United States Army, July 25, 1900. . Benjamin H. Tatem, of Montana, to be assayer in charge of Corpl. Joseph C. Kay, Company D, Battalion of Engineers, July the United States assay office at Helena, Mont. 25, 1900. APPOINTMENTS IN THE MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE. Hosp. Steward John Jackson, United States Army, July 25, George W. McCoy, of Tennessee, to be an assistant surgeon in 1900. the Marine-Hospital Service of the United States. Acting Hosp. Steward Walter C. Jones, United States Army, Claude C. Pierce, of Tennessee, to be an assi!'ltant surgeon in July 25, 1900. the Marine-Hospital Service of the United States. Com. Sergt. Charles Abel, United States Army, July 25, 1900. Com. Sergt. George R. Greene, Ninth Infantry, July 25, 1900. APPOINTMENTS IN THE Aru!Y. Private Elliot Caziarc, Company F, Fifteenth Infantry, July I TO BE SECOND LIEUTENANTS, 25, 1900. First Sergt. La Vergne L. Gregg, Company M, Twentv-second Cavafry arm. Infantry, July 25. 1900. ~ Sel'gt. James Huston.Troop F, Sixth Cavalry, July 25, 1900. Acting Hosp. Steward Oliver F. Snyder, United States Army, First Sergt. Edward Calvert, Troop M, First Cavalry, July 25, July 25, 1900. 1900. . Acting Hosp. Steward Edward Lee Rains, United States Army, Sergt. Bruce Palmer. Troop H, Sixth Cavalry, July 25, 1900. July 25, 19_00. 8ergt. James E. FecMt, Troop D, Sixth Cavalry, July 25, 1900. Electrician Sergt. Charles L. Woodhquse, United States Army, First Sergt. Philip W. Corbusier, Troop C, Fourth Cavalry, July 25, 1900. July 25, 1900. Private Bertram P. Johnson, Company H, Seventh Infantry, Infanfry aT'rn. July 25, 1900. . Harry W • .Graham, of Ohio (corporal,CompanyD, Twelfth In­ Sergt. Gustave A. Wieser, Battery G, Fourth Artillery, July fantry, United States Army), September 1, 1900. 25, 1900. James C. Williams, of the District of Columbia (second lieu­ First Sergt. Walter L. Reed, Battery N, Second Artillery, July tenant squadron Philippine Cavalry, United States Volunteers), 25, 1900. September 1, 1900. Sergt. Ira F. Fravel, Company L, Fifth Infantry, July 25, 1900. John Royden Kelly, of South Dakota, September 1, 1900. Sergt. William M. Kistler, Battery D, Seventh Artillery, July E. R. Warner McCabe, of Virginia September 1, 1900. 25. 1900. William Swift Martin, of New York, October 11, 1900. Electrician Sergt. Robert M. Ellicott, United States Army, July William G. Ball, of Ohio, October 15, 1900. 25, 1900. Joseph A. Marmon, of Ohio, October 15, 1900. Corpl. Ned M. Green, Company D, Seventh Infantry, Ju]y 30, Emery T. Smith, of California, October 15, 1900. 1900. Corpl. WardDabney,CompanyH. Tenthlnfantry,July25, 1900. Corpl. Theodore H. Koch, Battery I, Sixth Artillery, August 3, Corpl. John T. Berry, Battery A, Third Artillery, Jnly 25, 1900. 1900. First. Sergt. Paul M. Goodrich, Company M, Fourteenth Infan- Corpl. William C. Stone, Troop F, Second Cavalry, August 7, try, July 25 .• 1900. moo. Sergt. Frank H. Kalde, Company M. Second Infantry, July 25 Corpl. James A. Moss, Company B, Seventh Infanti·y, August 1900. ' 13, 1900. Battalion Sergt. .Maj. William W. Taylor, jr., Fourth Infantry, Corpl. Charles F. Leonard, Company K, Twenty-first Infantry, July 25, 1900. August 14. 1900. Q. M. Sergt. John B. Murphy, Battery D, Fourth Artillery, July Sergt. Henry C. Merriami Battery H, Sixth Artillery, August 25, 1900. 20, 1900. Corpl. RnsRell C. Hand, Troop G, Second Cavalry, July 25, 1900. Corp1. John Sherman Chambers, Company M, Second Infantry, First Sergt. Henry A. Bell, Company M, Twentieth Infantry, August 22, 1900. July 25, 1900. Battalion Sergt. Maj. James Regan, jr., Ninth Infantry, An· Corpl. Bruno T. Scher, .Company M, Eighth Infantry, July 25~ gust 24, 1900. 1900. Corpl. Gilbert M. Allen, Company B, Sixth Infantry, August Piivate George A. Herbst, Battery K, Sixth Artillery, July 25, 29, 1900. 1900. Private Raymond W. Briggs, unassigned, Fourth Infantry, Au· Corp1. Jairus A. Moore, Company G Twenty-first Infantry, gust 31, 190~. July 2~, 1900. Acting Hosp. Steward Cleaveland Hilson, United States Army, Corpl. PhilipJ. Lauber, Battery B, Sixth Artillery,July 25, 1900. August 31, 1900. · Com. Sergt. James V. Guthrie, Thirteenth Infantry, July 25, Corpl. John Randolph, Company G, Sixth Infantry, August 31, 1900. 1900. Corpl. Thomas M. Hunter, Battery 0, Second Artillery, July CORPS OF Ei.~GINEERS. 25, 1900. To be second lieutenants. Private Gad Morgan, Company K, Fifteenth Infantry, July 25, 1900. 1. Cadet George B. Pillsbury. Corpl. Elverton E. Fuller, Company E, Third Infantry, July 25, 2. Cadet Edward l\!. Adams. 1900. To be additional second lieutenants Sergt. William S. Neely, Battery A, Sixth Artillery, July 25, 3. Cadet Gustave R. Lukesh. moo. 4. Cadet Edmund M. Rhett. First Sergt. Frank H. Adams, Company I, Seventeenth Infan­ 5. Cadet John R. Slattery. try, July 25, 1900. Sergt. George C. Lewis, Troop M, Third Cavalry, July 25, 1900. TO BE SECOND LIEUTENANTS. First Sergt. Ernest G. Smith, Company L, Seventeenth Infan­ A1·tillery arm. • try, July 25, 1900. 6. Cadet Charles R. Lawson. Private William H. Patterson, Troop B, Thil'd Cavalry, July 7. Cadet Francis A. Pope. 25, 1900. 8. Cadet Gilbert A. Youngberg. Sergt. David A. Lindsay, Battery L, Second Artillery, Jnly 25, !:>. Cadet Stanley B. Hamilton. 1900. 15. Cadet William P. Stokey. Corpl. Leonard J. l\1ygatt, Company H, Twenty-third Infantry, 16. Cadet William I. Westerveldt. July 25. 1900. 19. Ce.det Frederick L. Buck. Corpl. Elliott M. Norton, Company L, Eighteenthlnfantry, July 20. Cadet Jay P. Hopkins. 25, 1900. 22. Cadet Leroy T. Hillman. Q. M. Sergt. Thomas M. Bains, jr., Battery E, Sixth Artillery, 23. Cadet Upton Birnie, jr. July 25, 1900. 24. Cadet Archibald H. Sunderland. Sergt. Roscoe H. Hearn, Troop M, Fourth Cavalry, July 25, 25. Cadet Clarence Deems, jr. 1900. 26. Cadet Raymond H. Fenner. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 237

28. Cadet Charles L. J. Frohwitter. INFANTRY ARM. 30. Cadet Edward P. Nones. 33. Cadet Olifford C. Carson. To be second lieutenant. 50. Cadet John McManus. Harry Graham, of Ohio (corporal, Company D, Twelfth Infan­ Cavalry arm. try, United States Army), September 1, 1900. 10. Cadet Joseph A. Baer. To be captain. 11. Cadet Frank 0. Whitlock. George W. Kirkman, of Il1inois, late captain, Twelfth Infantry, 12. Cadet Charles F. Martin. United States Army, to be captain of infantry, with rank from 13. Cadet Robert E. Wood. 14. Cadet Willis V. Morris. July 19, 1899. 18. Cadet Walter S. Grant. APPOINTMENTS IN THE ARMY BY TRANSFER. 21. Cadet Charles M. Wesson. 27. Cadet Morton C. Mmnma. Second Lieut. Augustine Mcintyre, from the cavalry arm to 29. Cadet Frank P. Amos. the artillery arm, July 11, 1900, with rank from June 13, 1900. 35. Cadet Julian A. Benjamin. Second Lieut. Arthur P. S. Hyde, from the infantry arm to the 37. Cadet John Watson. artillery arm, July 11, 1900, with rank from June 13, 1900. 38. Cadet Samuel R. Gleaves. Second Lieut. Albert N. McClure, from the infantry arm to the 41. Cadet Lewis S. Morey. cavalry arm, June 15, 1900. with rank from February 16, 1899. 43. Cadet James Goethe. Second Lieut. Fred W. Hershler, from the infantry arm to the 44. Cadet Robert F. Jackson. cavalry arm, June 30, 1900, with rank from June 14, 1900. 45. Cadet Varien D. Dixon. Second Lieut. Robert M. Ellicott, from the infantry arm to the 46. Cadet Verne La S. Rockwell artillery arm, August 25, 1900, with rank from July 25, 1900. 49. Cadet John W. Wilen. PRO:l!OTIONS IN THE ARMY. 51. Cadet George B. Comly. 52. Cadet Augustine Mcintyre. QU.d.RTER'l!ASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 53. Cadet Charles G. Harvey. Lieut. Col. John V. Furey, deputy quarterreaster-general, to be 54. Richard M. Thomas. assistant quartermaster-general, with the rank of colonel, August Infan try arm. 12, 1900. Lieut. Col. Edwin B. Atwood, deputy quartermaster-general, to 17. Cadet Edwin G. Davis. be assistant quartermaster-general, with the rank of colonel, No­ 31. Cadet Herman Glade. vember 1, 1900. 32. Cadet Arthur P. S. Hyde. Maj. Forrest H. Hathaway, quartermaster, to be deputy quar­ 34. Cadet Harry E. Mitchell. termaster-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, August 12, 36. Cadet Ernest E. Allen. 1900. 39. Cadet Frank S. Bowen. Maj. Joshua W. Jacobs, quartermaster, to be deputy quarter­ 40. Cadet Fred 0. Doy le. master-general, -with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, November 1, 42. Cadet James P. Robinson. 1900. - 47. Cadet Pressley K. Brice. Capt. William H. Miller, assistant quartermaster, to be quarter­ 48. Cadet George T. Perkins. master, with the rank of major, August 12, 1900. AD.JUT.A.NT-GENERAL'S DEPARTllE'N"T. Capt. Samuel R. Jones, assistant quartermaster, to be quarter­ Capt. Henry P. McCain, Fourteenth Infantry, to be assistant master, with the rank of major, November 1, 1900. adjutant-general. with the rank of major, November 9, 1900. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, Capt. James T. KelT, Seventeenth Infantry, to be assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of major, November 12, 1900. Lieut. Col. Alfred A. Woodhull, deputy surgeon-general, to be assistant surgeon-general, with therank of colonel, October 8, 1900. rnSPECTOR-GENERAL'S DEP.A.RTMENT. Maj. Alfred C. Girard, surgeon, to be deputy surgeon-general, Capt. J obn L. Chamberlain, First Artillery, to be inspector­ with the rank of lieutenant colonel, October 8, 1900. general, with the rank of major, November 10, 1900. Capt. John L. Phillips, assistant surgeon, to be surgeon, with the QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. rank of major, October 8, 1900. First Lieut. David S. Stanley, Twenty-second Infantry, to be CAVALRY ARM. assistant quartermaster, with the rank of captain, August 13, 1900. First Lieut. Herbert S. Whipple, Seventh Cavalry, to be captain, First Lieut. Richmond McA. Scholfield, Fifth Cavalry, to be July 10, 1900. assistant quartermaster, with the rank of captain, November 1, First Lieut. Charles W. Farber, Eighth Cavalry, to be captain, 1900. November 14, 1900. SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. Second Lieut. Stephen M. Kochersperger, Second Cavalry, to be First Lieut. William H. Bean, Second Cavalry, to be commis­ first lieutenant, July 10, 1900. - sary of subsistence, with the rank of captain, July 31, 1900. Second Lieut. Ola W. Bell, Third Cavalry, to be first lieutenant, First Lieut. William H. Hart, Seventh Cavalry, to be commis­ November 14, 1900. sary of subsistence, with the rank of captain, November 10, 1900. ARTILLERY ARY. MEDICAL DEPARTME.NT. Lieut. Col. Tully McCrea, Fifth Artillery, to be colonel, July 15 To be assistant surgeons u~ith the rank of jfrst lieutenant. 1900. ' Walter D. Webb, of New York, captain and assistant surgeon, Maj. John H. Calef, First Artillery (since retired), to be lieu­ Forty-third Infantry, United States Volunteers, October 3, 1900. tenant-colonel, June 6, 1900. George W. Mathews, of Massachusetts, captain and assistant Maj. John L. Tiernon, First Artillery, to be lieutenant-colonel, surgeon, Thirty-sixth Infantry, United States Volunteers, Octo­ July 15, 1900. ber 3, 1900. Maj. James M. Lancaster, Fourth Artillery (since deceased) to Maj. A. W. Shockley, of Kansas, late surgeon, Seventh United be lieutenant-colonel, August 10, 1900. ' States Volunteer Infantry, October 3, 1900. Maj. James M. Ingalls, Fifth Artillery, to be lieutenant-colonel, Robert N. Winn, of Kentucky, late captain and assistant sur­ October 5, 1900. geon, Second Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, October 3, 1900. Capt. James O'Hara, Third Artillery, to be major, June 6, 1900. ' Theodore C. Lyster, of Michigan, October 3, 1900. Capt. Asher C. Taylor, Second Artillery, to be major, June 18 Sanford H, Wadhams, of Connecticut, October 3, 1900. 1900. ' Chandler P. Robbins, of Kentucky, October 3, 1900. Capt. Richard P. Strong, Fourth Artillery, to be major, July 15 Thomas L. Rhoads, of Pennsylvania, October 3, 1900. 1900. ' Harry L. Gilchrist, of Ohio, October 3, 1900. Capt. Henry W. Hubbell, First Artillery, to be major, August William J. L. Lyster, of Michigan, October 3, 1900. 1~190~ . . Elbert E. Persons, of Illinois, October 3, 1900. Capt. William F. Stewa1·t, Fourth Artillery, to be major, Octo­ William N. Bispham, of Maryland, October 3, 1900. ber 1, 1900. Edward F. Geddings, of South Carolina, October 9, 1900. Capt. Anthony W. Vogdes, Fifth Artillery, to be major, Octo- Howard W. Beal, of Maine, November 1, 1900. ber 5, 1900. - First Lient. Elisha S. Benton, Seventh Artillery, to be captain, SIGNAL CORPS. June 6, 1900. - First Lieut. Edgar Russel, Sixth Artillery, to be first lieuten­ First Lieut. Harry L. Hawthorne, Sixth Artillery, to be cap­ ant, August 30, 1900. tain, J nne 18, 1900. 238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DEOEMBER 11,

First Lieut. Cornelia De W. Willcox, Seventh Artillery, to be Second Lient. Jnan A. Boyle, Twenty-first Infantry, to be first captain, July 15, 1900. lieutenant, May 25, 1900. · First Lieut. Arthur F. Curtis, Sixth Artillery, to be captain, Second Lient. James S. Young, jr., Tenth Infantry, to be first August 10, 1900. lieutenant, May 31, 1900. First Lieut. John D. Barrette, Seventh Artillery, to be captain, Second Lieut. William M. Parker, First Infantry, to be first August 15, 1900. lientenant, June 3, 1900. First Lieut. Charles F. Parker, Second Artillery, to be captain, Second Lieut. Charles B. Clark, Twenty-third Infantry, to be October 1, 1900. first lieutenant, June 9, 1900. First. Lieut. Elmer W. Hubbard, Seventh Artillery, to be cap- Second Lieut. Irvin L. Hunt, Nineteenth Infantry, to be first tain, October 5, 1900. . lieutenant, June 18, 1900. . Second Lieut. Willard D. Newbill, Seventh Artillery, to be first Second Lieut. George S. Simonds, Twenty-second Infantry, to lieutenant, April 8, 1900. be first lieutenant, July 2, 1900. Second Lieut. Harold E. Cloke, Third Artillery, to be first lieu­ Second Lieut... Louis S. D. Rucker, jr., Sixteenth Infantry, to be tenant, May 31, 1900. firstlieutenant, July 9, 1900. Second Lieut. Samuel C. Vestal, Seventh Artillery, to be first Second Lieut. Robert E. Frith, Twenty-fourth Infantry, to be lieutenant, Jm11V 6, 1900. first lieutenant, July 13, 1900. Second Lieut. Thomas H. R. Mcintyre, Sixth Artillery, to be Second Lieut. Llewellyn N. Bushfield, Seventeenth Infantry, to first lieutenant, June 18, 1900. be first lieutenant, .T uly 29, 1900. I Second Lieut. Richard H. McMaster, Sixth Artillery, to be first Second Lieut. Samuel T. Ansell, Eleventh Infantry, to be first lieutenant, July 15, 1900. lieutenant, August 11, 1900. Second Lieut. Philip R. Ward, Seventh Artillery, to be first lieu­ Second Lieut. Robert H. Peck, Tenth Infantry, to be first lieu­ tenant, August 10, 1900. tenant, August 13, 1900. Second Lieut. Manus McCloskey, Fifth Artillery, to be first Second Lieut. Halsey E. Yates, Fifth Infantry, to be first lieu­ lieutenant, August 15, 1900. tenant, September 7, 1900. Second Lieut. John E. Stephens, Seventh Artillerv, to be first Second Lieut. Clement A. Trott, Seventh Infantry, to be first lieutenant. September 4, 1900. • lieutenant, September 15, 1900. Second Lieut. Thomas E. Merrill, First Artillery, to be first Second Lieut. Wilson B. Burtt, Eighth Infantry, to be first lieu­ lieutenant. October 1, 1900. tenant, September 17, 1900. Second Lieut. George A. Nugent, Fourth Artillery, to be first 8econd Lieut. Walter S. Brown, Third Infantry, to be first lieu­ lieutenant, October 5, 1900. tenant, September 20, 1900. INFANTRY .AR:lI. Second Lieut. Josiah C. .M.inus, Twentieth Infantry, to be first Lieut. Col. Charles F. Robe, Seventeenth Infantry, to be colonel, lieutenant, September 22, 1900. July 13, 1900. First Lieut. Hollis C. Clark, Twenty-fifth Infantry, to be cap­ Maj. Alfred C. Markley, Twenty-fourth Infantry, to be lieuten­ tain, September 23, 1900. ant-colonel, June 9, 1900. First Lieut. George C. Saffarrans, Tenth Infantry, to be cap­ Maj. Lyster M. O'Brien, Seventeenth Infantry, to be lieutenant­ tain, October 5, 1900. colonel, July 13, 1900. First Lieut. Palmer E. Pierce, Thirteenth Infantry, to be cap­ Maj. William Auman, Thirteenth Infantry, to be lieutenant­ tain, October 9, 1900. colonel, September 7, 1900. First. Lieut. Lutz Wahl, Twenty-first Infantry, to be captain, Maj. Jesse M. Lee, Fifteenth Infantry, to be lieutenant-colonel, October 31, 1900. October 9, 1900. First Lieut. William P. Jackson, Twenty-fourth Infantry, to Maj. James M. Miller, Twenty-second Infantry, to be lieutenant­ be captain, November 13, 1900. colonel, November 13, 1900. Second Lieut. Charles M. Bundel, Fourth Infantry, to be first Capt. Edwin B. Bolton, Sixteenth Infantry, to be major, June lieutenant, September 23, 1900. 9, 1900. Second Lieut. Henry L. Harris, jr., Twentieth Infantry, to be Capt. James S. Pettit, Firat Infantry, to be major, June 18, first lieutenant, October 5, 1900. · 1900. Second Lieut. Laurence Halstead, Eleventh Infantry, to be first Capt. Charles L. Hodges, Twenty-fifth Infantry, to be major, lieutenant, October 9, 1900. ,. July 13, 1900. Second Lieut. Frederick W. Van Dnyne, Twenty-fourth In­ Capt. Robert H. R. Loughborough, Twenty-fifth Infantry, to fantry, to be first lieutenant, October 15, 1900. be major, August 11, 1900. Second Lieut. Charles D. Herron, Eighteenth Infantry, to be Capt. John G. Ballance, Twenty-second Infantry, to be major, first lieutenant, October 31, 1900. September 7, 1900. Second Lieut. Robert B. Calvert, Eighteenth Infantry, to be Capt. William J. Turner, Second Infantry, to be major, October first lieutenant, November 13, 1900. 5, 1900. SIGN.AL CORPS. Capt. Frank Taylor, Eighth Infantry, to be major, October 9, First Lieut. Samuel Reber, to be captain, to date from July 1, 1900. 1900. Capt. Richard T. Yeatman, Third Infantry, to be major, No- vember 13, 1900. · APPOINTMENTS IN THE VOLUNTEER ARMY. First Lieut. Francis H. Schoeffel, Ninth Infantry, to be captain, Capt. Frank B. McKenna, Forty-sixth Infantry, United States April 18, 1900. Volunteers (first lieutenant, Fifteenth Infantry, United States First Lieut. William H. Bertsch, Fifteenth Infantry, to be cap­ Army), to be inspector-general of volunteers with the rank of tain, May 12, 1900. major, December 6, 1900. First Lieut. Ross L. Bush, Twenty-fifth Infantry, to be cap­ Capt. Daniel E. McCarthy, assistant quartermaster, United tain, May 31, 1900. States Army, to be quartermaster of volunteers with the rank of First Lieut. Joseph L. Donovan, Sixteenth Infantry, to be cap­ major, December 3, 1900. tain, June 3, 1900. GENERAL OFFICERS, First Lieut. John B. Bennet, Siith Infantry, to be captain, To be ma}or-generals. June 9, 1900. Brig. Gen. Loyd Wheaton, United States Volunteers (colonel First Lieut. Melville S. Jarvis, Fifth Infantry, to be captain, Seventh Infantry, United States Army), June 18, 1900. June 18, 1900. Brig. Gen. Adna R. Chaffee, United States Volunteers (colonel First Lieut. John W. Heavey, Eleventh Infantry, to be captain, Eighth Cavalry, United States Army), July 19, 1900. July 9, 1900. First Lieut. Harry J, Hirsch, Fourth Infantry, to be captain, To be brigadier-general. July 13, 1900. Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Barry, assistant adjntant-general, United First Lieut. Joseph Frazier, Ninth Infantry, to be captain, States Army, June 18, 1900. August 11, 1900. FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. First Lieut. Robert L. Hamilton, Fifth Infantry, to be captain, September 7, 1900. To be inspector-general u:ith the mnk of lieutenant-colonel. First Lieut. La Roy S. Upton, Fifth Infantry, to be captain, Maj. Parker W. West, inspector-general, United States Volun­ September 15, 1900. teers (captain, Fifth Cavalry, United States Army), December 1, First Lieut. Harry A. Smith, Fifth Infantry, to be captain, Sep­ 1900. tember 17, 1900. To be quarte1 ..masters with the mnk of ma;'or. Second Lieut. Clifton C. Kinney, Thirteenth Infantry, to be first Capt. William W. Robinson, jr., assistant quartermaster, United lieutenant; April 18, 1900. States Army, August 14, 1900. Second Lieut. Woodson Hocker, Eleventh Infantry, to be first Capt. Joseph C. Byron, assistant quartermaster, United States lieutenant, May 12, 1900. Army, September 27, 1900, 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 239 To be assistant quartermasters with the rank of captain. . I Second Lieut. Richard 0. Rickar'1, signal officer, United States First Lieut. George C. Barnhardt, Sixth Cavalry, United States Volunteers,.June 8, 1900. . . . Army, July 27, 1900. Second Lieut. Charles S. Wallace, signal officer, Umted States First Lieut Pegram Whitworth Eighteenth Infantry United Volunteers, June 8, 1900. States Army, ·October 12, 1900. ' ' Second Lieut. George S. Gibbs, jr., signal officer, United States First Lieut. William C. Davis, Sixth Artillery, United -States Volunteers, .June 8, 1900. . . . . Army, October 29, 1900. Second Lieut. Mack K. Cunmngham, signal officer, Umted To be commissary of subsistence with the 1·ank of maj01-. States Volun~~ers, June 8, l900: k . Capt. Albert D. Niskern, commissary of subsistence, United To be as:sistan~ s~rgeons unth the ran ?f first .lieutenant. States Army, October 19, 1900. · ~·Brookman Wilkinson, of Alabama, acting assistant surgeon, Ti b · t t · · f b · t 'th the , k ,.p Umted States Army, June 8, 1900. ~ e assis an commissaries 0 . su sis ence un 1 an O; Charles Fitzpatrick, of Pennsylvania, acting assistant surgeon, . . captain. . . United States Army, August 9, 1900. First Lieut. John E. Woodward, Sixteenth Infantry, Umted George S. Wallace, of Pennsylvania, acting assistant surgeon, Sta~es Ari;ny, June 15, 1900. . . United States Army, August 21, 1900. First Lieut. Frank B. Watson, Nmeteenth Infantry, United William J. Boyd, of New York, acting assistant surgeon, United States Army, August 31, 1900. States Army, September 6, 1900. To be surgeons u'ith the rank ofmaj01-. Loren B. T. Johnson, of the District of Columbia, acting assist.

Maj Merritte W Ireland 1 surgeon Forty-fifth Infantry United ant surgeon, United States Army, November 19, 1900. States.Volunteers, June 30, 1900. ' ' ~arold L~ Coffin, of Rhode Island, acting assistap.t surgeon, Capt.Johns. Kulp, assistant surgeon, UnitedStatesArmy, June Umted States Army, Nov:em.ber 19, 1.900. . . 11. 1900. Laurel B. Sandall, of Michigan, actmg assistant surgeon, Umted Capt. Frederick P. Reynolds, assistant surgeon, United States States Army, November 19, 1900: . . . Army, June 16, 1900. · ~eorge B. Lawrason, of Lomsiana, acting assistant· surgeon, Capt. William F. Lewis, assistant surgeon, United States Army, Umted States Army, November 19, 1900. October 1, 1900. ELEVENTH CAVALRY. Capt. Alexander N. Stark, assistant surgeon, United States Q. M. Sergt. Thomas H. Jennings, Troop B, Eleventh Cavalry, Army, November 7, 1900. United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, July 30, 1900. Capt. Paul Shillock, assistant surgeon, United States Army, First Sergt. Carl C. Jones, Troop L, Eleventh Cavalry, United November 2, 1900. States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, July 30, 1900. Capt. Powell C. Fauntleroy, assistant surgeon, United States First Sergt. Frank M. Gaskill, Troop A, E1eventh Cavalry, Army, November 30, 1900. United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September 8, First Lieut. George W. Mathews, assistant surgeon, United 1900. States Army, November 30, 1900. SQUADRON PHILIPPINE CAVALRY. Capt. William L. Kneedler, assistant surgeon, United States Army, December 1, 1900. Second Lieut. Frank T. McNarney, Thirty-sixth Infantry, United States Volunteers, to be first lieutenant, Squadron Philip­ To be signal officm· with the rank of captain. pine Cavalry, June 15, 1900. First Lieut. Carl F. Hartmann, signal officer, United States Second Lieut. Frank I. Otis, Thirty-fifth Infantry, United Volunteers, July 1, 1900. States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Squadron Philippine To be signal officers 'With the rank of first lieutenant. Cavalry, June 15, 1900. Sergt. Clarence M. Condon, Battery G, Third Artillery, United Second Lieut. Alfred T. Clifton, signal officer, United States States Army, to be second lieutenant, Squadron Philippine Cav­ Volunteers, July 1, 1900. alry, June 15, 1900. . Second Lieut. William W. Colt, signal officer, United States First Sergt. Boss Reese, Company D, Twenty-ninth Infantry, Volunteers, August 31, 1900. United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Squadron To be signal officers with the rank of second lieutenant. Philippine Cavalry, June 15, 1900. First-Class Sergt. John T. Sayles, Signal Corps, United States Sergt. Edward B. Howell, Company A, Twenty-ninth Infantry, Army, June 8, 1900. United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Squadron First·Class Sergt. Charles 0. Hastings, Signal Corps, United Philippine Cavalry, June 15, 1900. States Army, June 8, 1900. Corp!. Robert M. Barton, Company B, Twenty-first Infantry, First-Class Sergt. Burt E. Grabo, Signal Corps, United States United States Army, to be second lieutenant, Squadrnn Philip­ Army, June 8, 1900. pine Cavalry, October 1, 1900. First-Class Sergt. Magnus Nordquist, Signal Corps, United TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. States Army, June 8, 1900. Battalion. Sergt. Maj. Earl C. Pierce, Twenty-sixth Infantry, First-Class Sergt. Otto B. Grimm, Signal Corps, United States United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September Army, June 8, 1900. 11, 1900. First-Class Sergt. Charles E. Booth, Signal Corps, United States Sergt. Josiah H. Byerley, Company F, Twenty·sixth Infantry, Army, June 8, 1900. First-Class Sergt. Henry S. Hathaway, Signal Corps, United United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, October 5, 1900. States Army, June 8, 1900. TWENTY-SEVE..."'iTH rnFANTRY. First-C1ass Sergt. Peter Bartsch, Signal Corps, United States Battalion Sergt. Maj. Allen T. Crockett, Twenty-seventh Infan­ Army, June 8, 1900. try, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, June 25, First-Class Sergt. Rush P. Wheat, Signal Corps, United States 1900. Army, June 8, 1900. First Sergt. James G. Taylor, Company E, Twenty-seventh First-Class Sergt. Clifton R. Berry, Signal Corps, United States Infantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Army, June 8, 1900. August 20, 1900. First·Class Sergt. Ear1e W. Binkley, Signal Corps, United States Battalion Sergt. Maj. Charles Schneider, jr., Twenty-seventh Army, September 1, 1900. Infantry, United States Voiunteers, to be second lieutenant, First-Class Sergt.Harry W. Capron, Signal Corps, United States September 15, 1900. Army, September 8, 1900. First Sergt. B.arry F. Smith, Company B, Twenty-seventh In­ First-Class Sergt. Joseph Smith, Signal Corps, United States fantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Sep­ Army, November 28, 1900. tember 24, 1900. To be signal office1·s with the m nk of first lieutenant. First Sergt. Alfr.ed J. Booth, Company H, Twenty-seventh In­ fantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Sep- Second Lieut. Charles B. Rogan, jr., signal officer, United States tember 24, 1900. . Volunteers, June 8, moo. First Sergt. Charles B. Baker, Company I. Twenty-seventh Second Lieut. William Mitchell, signal officer, United States Infantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Octo­ Volunteers, June 8, 1900. Second Lieut. Henry W. Stamford, signal officer, United States ber 15, 1900. Volunteers, June 8, moo. TWENTY-EIGHTH INF.ANTRY. Second Lieut. Frederick M. Jones, signal officer, United States Battalion Sergt. Maj. John F. Bishop, Twenty-eighth Infantry, Volunteers, June 8, 1900. United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, August 4, 1900. Second Lieut, Victor Shepherd, signal officer, United States Battalion Sergt. Maj. JamesM. Grey, Twenty-Eighth Infantry, Volunteers, June 8, 1900. United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September 1, Second Lieut. William E. Davies, signal officer, United States 1900. Volunteers, June 8, 1900, Battalion Sergt. Maj. Anton H. Schroeter, Twenty-eighth In- . - 240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEl\IBER 1 l, fantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Octo­ FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. ber 12, 1900. Q. M. Sergt. Herbert G. Millar, Forty-first Infantry, United TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY, States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, June 25, 1900. Sergt. l\faj. Hugh S. Brown, Twenty-ninth Infantry, United FORTY-SECOND INFANTRY, States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September 14, 1900. Sergt. Maj. Frank T. Allbright, Forty-second Infantry, United Battalion Sergt. Maj. William E. Persons, Twenty-ninth In­ States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, July 13, 1900. fantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant; Octo­ ber 15, 1900. FORTY-TIDRD INFANTRY. THIRTIETH INFANTRY. Sergt. Maj. Walter M. Lindsay, Forty-third Infantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, July 12, 1900. Sergt. Maj. William R. Downey, Thirtieth Infantry, United First Sergt. Louis B. Chandler, Company E, Forty-third In­ States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, August 4, 1900. fantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, July Com. Sergt. William E. Twight, Thirtieth Infantry, United 12, 1900. States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, November 6, 1900. Ser gt. Maj. George E. Steele, Forty-third Infantry, United States THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY, Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, October 12, 1900. First Sergt. Curtis G. Rorebeck, Company A? Thirty-first Infan­ try, United States Volunteers, to be second heutenant, June 28, FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 1900. Com. Sergt. Elias J, Hincken, Forty-fourth Infantry, United Sergt. James Totten, Company A, Thirty-first Infantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, November 1, 1900. States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September 8, 1900. Sergt. Maj. Leonard H. Cook, Forty-fourth Infantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, November 19, 1900. THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. First Sergt. John Ryan, Company I, ~hirty-second Infantry, Sergt. Maj. Oscar Danielson, Forty-fifth Infantry, United States United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, July 12, 1900. Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, June 16, 1900. Battalion Sergt. Maj. Edward C. Wells, Thirty-second Infantry, Q. M. Sergt. George K. Armstrong, Forty-fifth Infantry, United United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September 4, States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, June 21, 1900. 1900. First Sergt. George A. F. Trumbo, Company D, Forty-fifth In­ Corp]. Junius I. Boyle, Company L, ~hirty-second Infantry, fantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Sep­ United States Volunteers, to be second heutenant, September 5, tember 5, 1900. 1900. Sergt. Fred D. Shiras, Company B. Forty-fifth Infantry, United THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September 24, 1900. Sergt. Maj. Albert E. Gebert, Thirty-third Infantry, United Corpl. Charles E. Dority, Company ~, Forty-fifth Infantry, States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, June 16, 1900. United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September 24, Sergt. Maj. Edward G. McDougall, Thirty-third Infantry, United 1900. States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, October 15, 1900. FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. First Sergt. Robert F. Tate, Company A, T"nirty-third Infantry, Sergt. Maj. Gustavus J. Hasson, Forty-sixth Infantry, United United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, November 6, States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September 5, 1900. 1900. Battalion Sergt. Maj. Sebring C. Megill, Thirty-third Infantry, FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, November 28, Sergt. Maj. Edwin Burke, Forty-seventh Infantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, July 23, 1900. 1900. First Sergt. William P. Barber, jr., Company I, Forty-seventh THIRTY-FOURTH INF.A.NTRY. Infantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, July First Sergt. William M. Milne, Company K, .Thirty-fom-th In­ 24, 1900. fantry United States Volunteers, to be secondheutenant, August First Sergt. Thomas T. Page, Company F, Forty-seventh Infan­ 10, 1900. try, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, August 11, Sergt. John N. Currie, Company C! Thirty-fourth Infantry, 1900. United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, October 3, 1900. First Sergt. Robert C. Q. Clark, Company L, Forty-seventh In­ THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. fantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Octo­ Sergt. Maj. Bernard Goss, Thirty-fifth Infantry, United States ber 6, 1900. Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, July 7, 1900. FORTY-:N"INTH INFANTRY. Hosp. Steward John F. Newport, Thirty-fifth Infantry, United Capt. Robert Gage, Forty-ninth Infantry, United States Volun· States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, August 28, 1900. teers, to be major, June 15, 1900. Capt. William J. Vaiden, Thirty-eighth Infantry, United States THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. Volunteers, to be captain in the Forty-ninth Infantry, United Com. Sergt. George K. Wilson, Thirty-sixth Infantry, United States Volunteers (by transfer), July 16, 1900, with rank from States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, June 25, 1900. August 17, 1899. Battalion Sergt. Maj. John A. Bro~, Thirty-sixth Infantry, Sergt. Maj. George R. Grau, Twelfth Infantry, United States United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, June 25, 1900. Army, to be first lieutenant, Forty-ninth Infantry, United States Hosp. Steward Frank L. Hemsted, Thirty-sixth Infantry, United Volunteers, July 16, 1900. States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, August 4, 1900. Sergt. Maj. John R. Blackbm-n, -Forty-ninth Infantry, United Sergt. Maj. Victor J. Bergstrom, Thirty-sixth Infantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, June 15, 1900. States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, August 20, 1900. Sergt. Maj. George A. Williams, Forty-ninth Infantry, United First Sergt. AllenP. No1-ton, Company E, Thilty-sixth Infantry, States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, October 17, 1900, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September 27, Sergt. Maj. William E. Tyler, Forty-ninth Infantry, United 1900. States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, November 6, 1900. TIDRTY-SEV EXTH INFANTRY. PORTO RICO REGIMENT, Ul\J:TED STATES VOL~TEER INFANTRY. First Sergt. Thomas Embry, Company C, Thi_rty-seventh In­ First Lieut. Charles H. Hamilton, Porto Rico Regiment, to be fantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, June captain, November 5, 1900. 2;; moo. Second Lieut. Blas Nadal, Porto Rico Regiment, to be first First Sergt. Harry E. Potter, Company A, r:i;hirty-seventh In­ lieutenant, November 5, 1900. fantry, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, August William Ridgely Hay, of Illinois (late trumpeter, Troop H, 20, 1900. . Eighth Cavalry, United States Army), to be second lieutenant, Battalion Sergt. Maj. James W. Mcintyre, ~h1rty-seventh In­ November 5, 1900. fantry, United States Volunteers, to be second heutenant, October PROMOTIONS IN THE VOLUNTEER ARMY, 2, 1900. THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY, ELEVENTH CAVALRY. First Lieut. George W. Winterburn, to be captain, June 7, 1900. Sergt. Fred Cooke, Company K, Thirty-ninth Infantry, United Second Lieut. George Curry, to be first lieutenant, June7, 1900. States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, August 27, 1909. First Sergt. Robert B. McConnell, Company D, T_hirty-mnth In­ SQUADRON PHILIPPINE CAVALRY. f an try, United States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, Sep­ First Lieut. David H. Biddle, to be captain, July 2, 1900. tember 20, 1900. Second Lieut. Frank I. Otis, to be first lieutenant, July 2, 1900. FORTIETH :lliFA.NTRY. TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. Sergt. Frank R. Weeks, Company F, Fortieth Infantry, United Second Lieut. Daniel Hyman, to be first lieutenant, September States Volunteers, to be second lieutenant, September 8, 1900. 10, 1900. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE.

Second Lieut. Thomas MacAllister Knox, to be first lieutenant, FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. September 15, 1900. Second Lieut. Moses R. Ross, to be first lieutenant, August 31, Se..:ond Lieut. Matthew T. E. Ward, to be first lieutenant, Sep­ 1900. tember 15, 1900. FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. Second Lieut. Arthur L. McCoy, to be first lieutenant, Septem- ber 30, First Lieut. Leonard S. Goddard, to be captain, July 6, 1900. moo. . First Lieut. Thomas R. J. Campbell, to be captain, August 28, TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 1900. First Lieut. John P. Teagarden, to be captain, August 28, 1900. Second Lieut. William R. Harrison, to Ile first lieutenant, July Second Lieut. William H. Lyons, to be first lieutenant, August 6, 1900. 28, 1900. Second Lieut. Charles L. Lanham, to be first lieutenant, August TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 10, 1900. First Lieut. Edward Hill, to be captain, July 31, 1900. Second Lieut. Walter T. Slack, to be first lieutenant, August 28, First Lieut. James Longstreet, jr., to be captain, September 3, 1900. moo. FORTY-:.NINTH INFANTRY. Second Lieut. Vincent l\I, Elmore ~ jr., to be first lieutenant, First Lieut. David J. Gilmer, to be captain, October 6, 1900. July 31, 1900. Second Lieut. Alfred M. Ray, to be first lieutenant, October 3, Second Lieut. Thomas S. Moorman, jr., to be first lieutenant, 1900, September 3, 1900. · Second Lieut. William McBryar, to be first lieutenant, October THIRTIETH INF ANT RY. 6, 1900. Second Lieut. Guilford S. Garber, to be first lieutenant, June TO BE SURGEO:N'S WITH THE RANK OF MAJOR. 30, 1900. Capt. Frank E. Artaud, assistant surgeon, Forty-fifth Infantry, THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY. United States Volunteers, July 9, 1900. First Lieut. Kent Browning, to be captain, August 10, 1900. Capt. Seaton Norman, assistant surgeon, Thirty-ninth Infantry, Second Lieut. Henry Gibbins, to be first lieutenant, August 10, United States Volunteers, October 30, 1900. 1900. TO BE ASSISTANT SURGEONS WITH THE RA.NK OF CAPTAIN. THffiTY-SECOND INFANTRY. First Lieut. William C. Berlin, assistant surgeon, Forty-fifth First Lieut. George S. Ralston, to be captain, September 1, 1900. Infantry, United States Volunteers, July 9, 1900. Second Lieut. Benjamin R. Wade, to be first lieutenant, June First Lieut. Edward G. Beeson, assistant surgeon, Thirty-ninth 6, 1900. Infantry. United States Volunteers, October 30, 1900. Second Lieut. Archie Miller, to be first lieutenant, September First Lieut. Isaac W. Brewer, assistant surgeon, Thirty-sixth 1, 1900. Infantry, United States Volunteers, October 12, 1900: THffiTY-THIRD INFANTRY. First Lieut. Dudley W. Welch, assistant surgeon, Forty-third Infantry, United State~ Volunteers, November 12, 1900. Lieut. Col. Marcus D. Cronin, to be colonel, June 9, 1900. Maj. Peyton C. March, to be lieutenant-colonel, June 9, 1900. Capt. Edmund G. Shields, to be major, June 9, 1900. First Lieut. Edgar N. Coffey, to be captain, June 9, 1900. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Second Lieut. Henry J. McKenney .. to be first lieutenant, June TUESDAY, December 11, 1900. 9, 190 . Second Lieut. Donald C. McClelland, to be first lieutenant, The House met at 12 o"clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. October 6. 1900. HENRY N. COUDEN, D. D. Se0ond Lieut. Hugh Williams, to be first lieutenant, October The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. 24, 19UO. OSCAR L. BOOZ. THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I am instructed by the Committee on First Lieut. Harry W. Newton, to be captain, July 25, 1900. Military Affairs to submit the following privileged report. First Lieut. Harry C. Barnes, to be captain, November 15, 1900. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa, chairman of the Second Lieut. Charles P. Hirst, to be first lieutenant, July 25, Committee on Military Affairs, submits a privileged report, which 1900. the Clerk will read. Second Lieut. Cleveland C. Lansing, to be first lieutenant, The Clerk read as follows: September 10, 1900. [House Report No. 2018, Fifty-sixth Congress, second session.] 8econd Lieut. John T. Dunn, to be first lieutenant, November The Committee on Military Affairs, to whom was referred House resolu­ 15, 1900. tion No. 307, report the same back to the House with the recommendation that it do pass with the following amendment: THIRTY-FIFTH L""lFANTRY. Amend the re-olution to read as follows: •·Whereas it is alleged in newspapers of the United States tha.t Oscar L. • Second Lieut. Samuel M. English, to be first lieutenant, August Booz, of Bristol, Pa., formerly a cadet at the United States Military Academy 20, 1900. at Westpoint, died at his home from injuries purporting to have been the re­ THIRTY-ND\TH IXFA...~TRY. sult of hazing inflicted upon him by certain unknown cadets of the sa.id Mili­ tary Academy: and Firs.t Lieut. Frank Maloney, to be captain, August 13, 1900. •·Whereas the Secretary of War is now making investigation of the facts: "Resoli:ed, That said Secretary be requested to report the result of such Second Lieut. Edward H. White, to be first lieutenant, August investigation to the House of Representatives, together with such recom­ 13, 1900. mendations as he may see fit to ma.ke." FORTIETH INFANTRY. The report of the Secretary 0f War, together with the report of the Su­ perintendent of the Military Academy, is hereto attached and made a pa.rt Second Lieut. John M. Ke1so,jr., to be first lieutenant, July 15, of this report. moo. RESOLUTIO~. FORTY-SECO~D INFANTRY. Whereas it is a matter of genera.I knowledge, published in many reputable Second Lieut. R. Howard Williams, to be first lieutenant, July daily newspapers of.the Uuited States. that Oscar L. Booz, of Bristol Pa. .l 7, formerly a. cadet at the United States Military Academy at Westpoint, diect moo. at his home from injuries purporting to have been the result of hazing in­ FORTY-THIRD INFANTRY. flicted upon him by certain unknown cadets of the said Military Academy: Therefore, be it Second Lieut. Morton L. Avery, to be first lieutenant, May 11 Resolved, That the Secretary of War be and he is hereby, directed. to cause l f:OO. to be made a searching in>estigation of the circumstances attending the sa.id Second Lieut. Robert Sterrett, to befirst lieutenant, June 13, hazing of Oscar L. Booz while a cadet a.t the Military Academy at Westpoint, and to report the result of such investigation to the House of Representa­ 1900. tives, together with such recommendations as he may care to make by which Second Lieut. William H. Burt, to be first lieutenant, Septem­ the practice of hazing may be stopped. • . ber 15, 1900. FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. RESOLUTION.' Second Lieut. Arthur J. Cadden, to be first lieutenant, October Whereas it is alleged in newspapers of the United States that Oscar L. 30, 1903. Booz, of Bristol, Pa., formerly a cadet at the United States Military Academy at Westpoint, died at his home from injuries purporting to have been the Second Lieut. Frederick L. Dengler, to be.first lieutenant, No­ result of hazing inflicted upon him by certain unknown cadets of the said vember 1, 1900. Military Academy; and FORTY-FIFTH INFA...~TRY. Whereas the Secretary of War iq now making investigation of the facts: Resolved, That said Secretary be requested to report the result of such First Lieut. Willard 1tf. Flynn, to be captain, August 17, 1900. investigation to the House of Representatives, together with such recom­ Second Lieut. Roy I. Taylor, to be first lieutenant, June 10, 1900. mendations as be may see fit to make. Second Lieut. William E.W. MacKinlay, to be first lieutenant, Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I ask for the reading of the rel>o1·t , August 17, moo . from the Secretary of War. .XXXIV-16 -~

242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. DECEMBER 11, .

The Clerk read as follows: rence of it would not be tolerated. It was this question of Cadet Booz's verac­ ity whic~ became known to the cadets, with the result as stated, as is always W .AR DEP.ARTMENT, OFFICE DF THE SECRET.A.RY, the case m the corps of cadets in such matters. In consequence of this posi­ Washington, December 10, 1900. tion with older cadets he was not hazed, interfered with, or molested during Srn: I return herewith House resolution No. 307, relating to certain al­ the remainder of his stay at the Academy. leged ha.zing of former Cadet Oscar L. Booz in the Military Academy at West­ In no statement have I been able to obtain the slightest foundation for the point, referred to me to-day for remark. many charges printed in the press to the effect that. Tabasco sauce or other The newspaper articles whlch, I suppose, are referred to in the resolution liquid was poured down Cadet Booz's throat or otherwise given to him in were immediately, upon coming to the notice of the Department, referred to quantity by any cadet. I believe the charge has its origin in instances that the Superintendent of the Military Academy, who has already made and have occm·red at meals in the cadet mess ball, when cadets have invited new completed a searching investigation and has reported the results to the De­ cadets, ignorant of the nature of a pepper sauce sometimes used on their mess partment to-day. The report is transmitted herewith. tables, to put a drop or two on their tongues. Such action ha.q at no time Pursuant to the request with which this report closes, I have made the been a regular practice or custom, and it is too much to believe that physical following order: harm to any cadet bas ever resulted from the prank. "A board of officers composed of Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke, Col George The various other charges made, to the effect that Cadet Booz was called L. Gillespie, and Lieut. Col. John W. Clous is hereby convened to meet at "Bibles" by other cadets, and was ma.de by them to suffer ridicule and per­ Westpoint on the 15th of the present month, or as soon thereafter as prac­ secution on account of his religious belief, are denied by all cadets, many of ticable, to inquire into and report upon the alleged treatment of former whom are men of strong religious convictions and members of the Cadet cadet Oscar L. Booz at the Military Academy, and upon the measures taken Youn~ Men's Christian Association, a flourishing organization of large mem­ to prevent such treatment of new cadets at the Academy, and the extent to bership and strong influence for good in the corps of cadets. which new cadets are now subject to such treatment. The board will have For the correct information of persons not familiar with the conditions at authority to visit such places as may be necessary for a complete ascertain­ the Academy, it ought to be here stated that the fnll and free information ment of the facts, including the home of the late Oscar L. Booz." given by all cadets now who have any knowledge of the fight in which ex­ Very respectfully, Cadet Booz engaged is given on account of the untrue statements so widely ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of Wai·. circulated in the press, and that the fight mentioned was of course not en­ Hon. JOHN A. T. HULL, gaged in with the knowledge or countenance of the authorities then in control Chairman Committee on Military Affairs, House of Representatit'es. of the Academy. Such enco~.ters. are engaged in at times secretly by cadets, and always have been; but it is fair to say that they are in no way common, and that they are believed to be much less frequent than similar affairs are Statement of the Superintendent of the United States Militm·y Academy in 1·e­ among any large body of boys and young men assembled together in close gard to Oscar L. Booz and charges made in the public press of his alleged ill association at any place. treatment while he was a cadet at the Military Academy. The War Department is familiar with the very stringent enforcement of the strict rules of the Academy against hazing new cadets in any manner I have no personal knowledge of Cadet Booz, he having left the Military and with the difficulties that have been encountered in getting cadets to tell Academy October 4, 1898, shortly after I assumed the duties of Superintend­ anything at the time of such affairs, even when the authorities have reason ent, September 20, 1898. Any 111 treatment he may have received at the to suspect that some unauthorized affair has taken place. hands of older cadets must have occurred after his admission and during the In conclusion, and in view of the wide publicity given in this case by the summer encampment, which endedAugust28, 1898. press to the scandalous charges against the Military Academy, I recommend The following is Cadet Booz's official record: Admitted to the Military that a rigid investigation of the charges be ordered by the 'Var Department, Academy from the Seventh Congressional district of Pennsylvania June 20, the investigation to cover the action taken by the authorities in suppressing 1898; subrrutted his resignation as a cadet September 28, 1898; left the Acad­ hazing, and that the result be given the widest possible publicity. emy October 4, 1898, having been granted leave of absence pending accept­ A. L. MIL.LS, ance of resignation by the War Department: cause of resignation recorded Colonel, U. S. A., Superintendent. as weak eyes; resignation accepted by War Department to date October 31, 1898. Cadet Booz was on sick report July 30, 1898, and was excused by surgeon DECDIBER 8, 1900. from drill for that day on account of acute diarrhea. He was at no other time on sick report. His recorded demerit from July 15 (when demerits of Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, as the Secretary of War has taken new cadets commence to count) to October 5, 1898, is 38. In his studies his the action required by the original resolution, in making an in­ total mark in English i proficient; in mathematics it is deficient. vestigation, the committee has simply reported the substitute, From the nature of the assertions in this case, I have been o bligecl to seek information by instituting a general inquiry, and I have accordingly made a requesting him to transmit to Congress the full findings of the careful and thorough inquiry among officers and cadets to ascertain all pos­ later investigation when completed, and as the House is anxious sible facts concerning Cadet Booz's career at the Academy. Officers who to go on with important business I-- were on duty here at the time have, with bnt one exception, no distinct rec­ ollection of him, and there appears to be nothing, beyond !Jhat his record Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, it is impossi­ shows, to have specially impressed his individuality upon ar of them. Ca­ ble to hear one word that the gentleman is saying. dets have freely come forward to give all the information in heir possession. Mr. HULL. I had said that the original resolution provided a Among them Cadet Booz was known by the members of the present first and second classes, the latter being his own class. I have carefully ques­ request simply for the Secretary of War to have this investigation tioned the cadets of both classes who have been able in any way to give light made, and as he had already commenced an investigation at the on the matter. The answers of all have been free, frank, full. and free from Academy, and when be got the report of Colonel Mills, who recom­ th~ slightest apparent desire to hold in res~rve anything pertaining to the mended a further and wider and strict investigation, he has ap­ inquiry. As the result of this inquiry, I am convinced that until Saturday, August 6, 1898, there occurred nothing to draw the special attention of older pointed a board to make this investigation, and as he has submitted cadets to Cadet Booz, and I can find nothing to show that he was in any way to Congress what has already been done, the committee adopted a treated differently from his classmates, or cruelly or violently hazed. substitute requesting him to submit to Congress the full findings On the day mentioned he engaged in a fist fight with a cadet of the then third class, now present here in the first class. This fight appears to have when the report is made by the board that has recently been ap­ had its origin as follows: On August 2 Cadet Booz was a member of the cadet pointed to make the investigation, to send for persons and papers; guard, and about 10 p. m. was on post as a sentinel on post No. 5, about the and as I can see no particular object for debate at this time I cadet encampment. Several other cadets in the vicinity noticed that he was not walking bis post as his orders required. They claim they cautioned him would like to move the previous question, unless it should be the a.bout the matter and advised him what he should do. Cadet Booz, however, temper of the House that this should not be done. they say, did not act on the advice they gave him, but replied in a way to in­ Mr. DRIGGS and Mr. SULZER addressed the Chair. cense them, and the fight followed at the first opportunity thereafter-the • next Saturday. The fight was witnessed by six cadets, all of whom are at the Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. I was going to suggest, if Academy now, four being in the first class, and two, classmates of Cadet the gentleman from Iowa will indulge me for a moment-- Booz, in the second class. These latter state that Cadet Booz invited them to The SPEA.KER. Does the gentleman from Iowa yield to the attend the fight, and that he went to it and engaged in it willingly, and in the gentleman from Tennessee? beginning was the aggressor. All these witnesses unite in stating theencounterwas of short duration, of Mr. RULL. Without yielding the floor, I yield to the gentle­ little severity, and that Cadet Booz was in no way injured in it, and bore man for a question. away no preceptible marks of having been in a fight. The cadet with whom Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. I do not want to discuss he fought was not an adept in fighting and had not before engaged in a fight. Another cadet, who bad occasion to speak to Cadet Booz on his return to the matter. The gentleman who introduced the resolution, the camp immediately after the affair, has stated to me that beyond a red mark gentleman from New York [Mr. DRIGGS], wanted a mom~nt or below one eye Cadet Booz showed no appearance of having been engaged in two. a fight, and that he laughed when the matter was referred to. 'rhe words of these cadets, which I believe are worthy of full credence, regarding the in­ l\Ir. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I was trying, without yielding the jury done Cadet Booz in the fight are corroborated ·by the absence of his floor, to find out how much debate or talk would be wanted. name from the sick report that day or any subsequent day, where it surely .l\1r. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. Five or ten minutes. would have appeared had be suffered injury or been disfigured to any extent to be noticed by the officer under whose almost constant observation new Mr. DRIGGS. I will say, Mr. Speaker, that I do not person­ cadets are held. In view of the above I believe that thechari;e so often reit­ ally care for more than about ten minutes on that resolution. erated that "Cadet Booz was dragged out and made to fight, and was bru­ The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Iowa yield? tally pounded by an older and stronger cadet" is false and unfounded. The additional specific charge that after the fight a fluid was poured down Mr. HULL. The gentleman told me this morning that five min- Cadet Booz's throat, from the effect of which he was afterwards a sufferer, utes would satisfy him. is ea1·nestly denied by all the witnesses of the fight. The charge, to one Mr. DRIGGS. I will be satisfied with five minutes. familiar with cadet customs, is an absurd one. I do not hesitate to assert that. It is untrue. Mr. SULZER. I would like to ask the gentleman one question. Immediately following the enc&'unter referred to, I find that Cadet Booz The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Iowa yield? fell into the contempt of his fellow-cadets, in conseq_uence of a report which Mr. HULL. I yield for a question. gained circulation among them that he bad been gmlty of an untruth and a Mr. SULZER. Is it understood that the reporb of Colonel Mills feeling that he had displayed but little spirit in his fight. The origin of the former report was as follows: When Cadet Booz was on guard on August 2 and the letter from thfl Secretary of War will be published? he was reported by the cadet corporal of his relief for failing to take his post .Mr. HULL. Certainly. properly when posted as a sentinel. Mr.WANGER. I wish to ask the gentleman a question. In a written explanation to the commandant of cadets, Cadet Booz denied the correctness of the report given him. The cadet corporal, becoming a ware Mr. DRIGGS. I will say that I yield two minutes-· of this denial and finding it to be false, consulted the president of .the first Mr. HULL. Before I yield five minutes to the gentleman from class as to the best action to take in the matter. It was decided between them New York, I will answer the gentleman from Pennsylvania a that instead of reporting to the commandant of cadets that Cadet Booz had told an untruth, whlch, if found to be the case, would have led to his dismis­ question. sal, he was to be admonished regarding his action and warned that a. recur- Mr. WANGER. I would like to ask for ten minutes after the 1900. CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-· HOUSE. 243 gentleman from New York has concluded. This young cadet was the nation itself-I urge the passage of the resolution of the gen­ my appointee. tleman from Pennsylvania. [Loud applause.] The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York is now enti­ Mr. HULL. I now yield ten minutes to the gentleman from tled to the floor for five minutes. Pennsylvania rMr. WANGER]. Mr. HULL. I yield five minutes to the gentleman from New Mr.WANGER. Mr. Speaker, having had the honor of making York. the appointment of Cadet Booz to the Military Academy, it is Mr. DRIGGS. Mr. Speaker, I desire first of all to say that I appropriate, it seems to me, that I should ask the indulgence of am opposed to the resolution or substitute for my resolution re­ the House for a few minutes to refer to this case as it occurs to ported this morning from the Committee on Military Affairs. In me. In the first place, I do not presume to know what the exact the first place, I would like to call the attention of the House to facts in this case are. I simply say the statements published in the fact that at the time I introduced my resolution it was for the the reputable newspapers of the country are such as to have most purpose not only of stopping absolutely· the practice of hazing at profoundly moved the people of the country; that there is scarcely Westpoint. but also to particularly investigate the alleged hazing a home where there is any child growing, or expecting to grow, the case of Cadet Oscar L. Booz. The resolution has been reported mother of which bas not felt that the greatest outrage has been back from the Committee on Military Affairs, simply calling for committed. There has also been a feeling aroused on the part of an investigation in the case of Oscar L. Booz. I desire to go fur­ many persons that the officers of the Academy and of our Army ther than that. I can not understand why it is the committee are so jealous of the fair fame of that institution that they will has left out of their resolution altogether the terminating clause of endeavor to guard it as zealously, perhaps, and as indiscreetly as mine, to wit: did the officers of the army of France in their conduct in respect Together with such recommendations as he (the Secretary of War) may to the Dreyfus case. care to make by which the practice of hazing may be stopped. I desire to offer at the proper time a resolution to provide not merely for the receipt of the information which the Secretary of It is a notorious fa.ct that during the last twenty-five or thirty War may furnish, but not in any sense to interfere with the gov­ years there have been many infamous cases of hazing in the Mili­ ernment by the board of inquiry which he has authorized, but at tary Academy; and I say now, as a representative of the people the same time to provide for the investigation by this House of of the United States, that when young men are appointed as cadets Representatives, the only action which in my judgment will sat­ to the Military Academy, they being the wards of the people of isfy the country that the real facts of the case will be fairly and the United States; should be as safe in the Military Academy as fully brought out, and that action may be taken which may be they are in their own homes; and the time has come, Mr. Speaker, relied upon and protect the Academy and its students from ever when we should enact severe and stringent legislation against this hereafter being made victims of hazing. infamous practice. I therefore send to the Clerk's desk, and ask to be read for infor­ I desire, before alluding to the case of Cadet Booz, to allude to mation, an amendment which I desire to offer at the proper time a case away back in 1880, the case of Cadet Johnson Whittaker, in lieu of the substitute reported by the Committee on Military who was hazed in his room, beaten, and cut in the ears. That Affairs. In other words, I want to amend the substitute by'strik­ Whittaker case became a subject of Congressional investigation. ing out what it contains and inserting what I send to the Clerk's There was a long report published, at that time by the Congres­ desk. sional Board of Vi5itors to the Military Academy, and I would The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read as a part of the gentle­ like to say that that report, signed by Mr. Garland, who was a man's remarks. visitor on the part of the Senate, and John F. Philips, a visitor The Clerk read as follows: on the part of the Honse, contains a lengthy statement in relation to hazing. Allow me to quote one phrase fro-qi that report. I RESOLUTION. !Vbereas it is a matter of g_eneral knowledge, pnhlished in many reputable • will place the entire report in the RECORD, but I want to quote daily newspapers of the Umted States. that Oscar L. Booz, of Bristol, Pa.J one phrase from it, concurred in by the gentleman who is now the formt>rly a cadet at the United States Military Academy at Westpoint, diea distinguished President of the United States, the Hem. William at his home from injuries purporting to have been the resnlt of hazing in­ flicted upon him by certain unknown cadets of the said Military Academy: McKinley, who at the time was one of the Board of Visitors to the Th~~~~" . Academy. In that report President McKinley went so far as to Resolved, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, directed to report agree to this statement: the information in his P,Ossession attending the said hazing of Oscar L. Booz while a cadet at the Military Academy at Westpoint, and the resnlt of any If this can not_be accomplished it should be a matter of serious consider­ investigation he has made, to the House of Re-presentatives. together with ation whether such a Government institution ought not to be absolutely such recommendations as he may care to make by which the practice of ha.z­ abolished. ing may be stopped. Resolved, That a special committee of five members of the House of Repre­ This is where President McKinley stood on hazing, for he was sentatives be appointed by the Speaker to have full power to send for per­ sons and papers and, if necessary. to proceed to Westpoint and elsewhere, alluding then to it and to the fact that Whittaker was a colored to thoroughly investigate the foregoing subject and report to the House cadet and was not given the same privileges that the other cadets within thirty days the resnlt of such investigation, with such recommenda­ received. Of course, the color question does not apply in the Booz tions as may be advisable to secure freedom from hazing in said Academy case. And I say now, repeating the language of the President of hereafter, the expense of this investigation to be paid out of the· contingent the United States, that if hazing can not cease at the Westpoint fund of the House. Military Academy I am in favor of going so far as to abolish the Mr. W Ai~GER. Mr. Speaker,ifrecognized,Ishallattheproper Academy. It is a brutal, cowardly, trouble-breeding practice. time offer that proposition; and if denied the opportunity of doing (Applause.] so, I appeal most earnestly to members of this House to vote down 1'he gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr.WANGER] will tell the the demand for the previous question. House in extenso of the Booz case, however. I would say still I now send to the Clerk~s desk to be read a letter which I have further that they claim that in consequence of cowardice this just received from the chief burgess of the borough of Bristol, young man Booz should have been hazed and was not fit to be a Pa., where Cadet Booz lived and died. cadet of the Academy or an officer of the United States Army. I The Clerk read as follows: say to you now that if the report.s are true that Booz was hazed BRISTOL, p .A.' Decembe1· 8, 1900. at the Military Academy the cadets who performed the hazing MY DE.AR Sm: No doubt ere this you have been informed regarding the case of the late Oscar L. Booz, of BrIStol, at one time a cadet at Westpoint are not fit to become officers of the United States Army, for Military Academy, where it is asserted by hiS friends he was so misused and they and not Booz are the cowards. [Applause.] abused by older students that his health was permanently injured, and that I say, further, that it is not a case of cowardice when some young the treatment received by him while there was the direct cause of his death. 'fhe most specific charge made by them is that he was compelled to swal­ fellow not strong and strapping, but comparatively weak physic­ low Tabasco sauce by the spoonful. whereby his throat was burned in such ally, declines to go into a prize fight with some great strapping way that the resnlt was most serious. . · young giant; and I repeat this 'is not cowardice. I desire to say, Now, as Mr. Boozwasappointed a cadet, as I understand, by your inftuence after pas&ing a. most creditable examination. I sincerely hope you will use too, that I am in favor of the roughest kind of fair sport, not only your utmost endeavors to have a thorough investigation made of the charges at the Military Academy, but at every other institution. I believe of bruUtlity a~ainst this young cadet. in football, I believe in sparring, I believe in wrestling, all under As Westpomt Military Academy is supported by the Government, it is the eye of competent directors, but I draw the line at brutality, the duty of the people's representatives to see that the sons of our citizens who are admitted there shall not be made the victims of rowdies, but that draw the line at the strong attacking the weak, draw the line at they will be treated as one gentleman treats another. the strong nerved shattering the nerves of his less fortunate fel­ No doubt those directly implicated in the alleged outrages, as well as those low-student. [Applause.] in authority at the Academy at the time the late Cadet Booz was an inmate there. will try to smooth the matter over and belittle the young man in In conclusion,1 desire to say most emphatically that I admire every possible way. the Military Academy at Westpoint, but through the practice of But those acquainted with him in this his birthplace know that he was hazing its fair name has frequently been smirched, and every cadet upright and conscientious-physically, mentally, and morally everything he shonld be. has suffered, more or less, through the misconduct of some one of L-et us hope, therefore. that a rigid inqniry will be made, and, if the charges their number, so, on behalf of the anti-hazing majority of the ca­ shall be proven, that swift punishment will follow for all guilty ones, and the dets of the Academy, on behalf of the American fathers and brutal hazing of students at this particnla.r school forever broken up. Most sincerely, yours, _ mothers whose sons are cadets or may in the future become cadets, E. L. LEIGH, Chief Burgess. ' and on behalf of the honor of the institution-aye, of the honor of Hon. I. P. w ANGER, Washington, D. a. 244 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. DECEMBER 11,

Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I now yield three minutes to the The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from New York gentleman from Texas [Mr. SLAYDEN]. has expired. Mr. SLAYDEN. ·Mr. Speaker, no man more severely condemns .Mr. HULL. I yield five minutes to the gentleman from Virginia the practice of hazing than I do. When I had the honor to serve (l\Ir. liAY). on the Board of Visitors at the Military Academy last summer I Mr. HAY. Mr. Speaker, it seemstomethatafterwhatwehave made some little personal investigation in regard to thls subject, heard on thjs floor and elsewhere it is due to the institution at and I became convinced that the reports as to hazing at that in­ W estpoin t that this Congressional investigation should take place. stitution were greatly exaggerated. Certainly the corps of cadets I voted in committee against the substitute reported here. I are as robust, handsome, and well-trained young men as I ever thought the original resolution offered by the gentleman from saw, and they gave no evidence that hazing had inflicted any per­ New York was one that I could support and one which would sonal injuries upon them, nor could I recognize in their spirit or in meet all the demands of the case. But in view of what has taken the feeling which pervaded the corps any evidence that they had place on the floor, I believe that this propm;ed Congressionalinvesti· been humiliated in any way. My understanding is that hazing gation ought to be had. I do not believe that there is any ground as practiced there has been of the harmJess sort-simply having a for the charges against tbe Academy. I believe that when this in· little fun with the new cadets. vestigation is had the authorities of the institution as well as the The illustration given by my friend from New York [Mr. cadets will be vindicated. But whether they would be vindicated DRIGGS] is particularly unfortunate, for the man who was alleged or not, I believe it would be unwise to vote down the investigation to have been hazed in the instance referred to by the gentleman which is asked for. I believe it will be unwise for the country had subsequent to that incident a career which in no way con­ and for the Academy, and, therefore, if I have the opportunity, I firmed his evidence given during the investigation. His sub­ shall vote for the resolution proposed by the gentleman from sequent career was such that he had to be dismissed from the Pennsylvania. Army on the most serious charges. No man familiar with the I now yield back to the gentleman from Iowa the remainder of facts of his career in the Army and of the circumstances of his the time. dismissal would place any confidence in the testimony which he Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, the original resolution submitted, off e1·ed at the time of the investigation of the alleged hazing in and which was referred to the committee, provided that.the Sec· the Whittaker case. i·etary of War should make an investigation and report his find· Mr. Speaker, how much time have I left? ings. The amendment offered by the committee is simply to The SPEAKER. One minute. the effect that, as he has already taken the action required by the Mr. SLAYDEN. I yield that to the gentleman from New York original resolution, he transmit to Congress bis findings in the [Mr. CLAYTONJ . case. Mr. HOPKINS. Before the gentleman yields, I should like to So far as I am concerned, I have but little faith, I confess, in a ask him this question: If his statement is correct, is it not a mat­ Congressional investigation! and certainly very much less if such ter of justice to the Academy that there should be a Congressional investigation be confined to a thirty days' term, as suggested by investigation, so as to relieve it from the impression in the mind the language of this resolution. Besides that it will cost the Gov· of the public, if that impression is unjust? ernment something. It will give the three or five members of Mr. SLAYDEN. I have no objection to the most searching Congress who may be selected an opportunity of making a trip investigation. to Westpoint or some other place, and will not be as searching, Mr. DRIGGS. Will the gentleman from Texas yield to me a complete, or as satisfactory as an investigation made by the Sec­ moment, as he has alluded to something I have said? I wish to retary of War. ask him this question: Is it not true that President McKinley said The Army itself and the officials of the Department are just as • that if ha.zing and similar practices to those of which this young much, if not more, interested in preventing hazing at W estpoint man was a victim could not be prevented, he would be in favor of as anybody on the floor of the House can be. And I can say from abolishing the Military Academy? my own personal knowledge that there is just as much objection Mr. SLAYDEN. I will admit that Mr. McKinley said that if in the Department as there is on this floor to that practice. In the gentleman says so. I haYe not looked up the record. fact, stringent orders are now in force on this subject, and cadets Mr. CLAYTON of New York. I ask to be recognized for two have been dismissed for mild hazing. I am satisfied that the War minutes. Department is just as anxious to stop the practice as anyone here Mr. HULL. I understood that the gentleman from Texas yielded or anybody in the country can possibly be. They have taken the to the gentleman from New York. most vigorous measures for five years past to eliminate the prac· A ME.lIBER. But that time was afterwards consumed by other tice, even in its milder forms, and in my judgment it has been gentlemen. almost entirely, if not entirely, eliminated. Mr. HULL. I will yield two minutes to the gentleman. The whole country, of course. naturally sympathizes with the Mr. CLAYTON of New York. Mr. Speaker, I would not ob­ family of this young man on account of the charges which have trude my views in thiJ3 matter on the House were it not for the gone the rounds of the newspapers; and if it should be found th.at fact that as a graduate of the Westpoint Academy I can in some the charges are true and the crime can be located upon the shou1· measure speak of matters there from personal knowledge and ders of any cadet in the Academy, he should ba refused gradu­ experience. During the time that I was at the Academy this ation and dismissed in disgrace from the service of the United question of hazing arose. In fact, there were several cadets dis­ States. The Department and Superintendent of the Academy are missed from the Academy on the charge of having been engaged doing everything possible to prevent hazing. They are making in hazing. vigorous efforts in that direction, and the present Superintendent Now, there is no need that officers of the Army and officers of is emphatic in his intention to break up the system altogether. the Military Academy should adopt any tactics of concealment in In my judgment a. very much better result would be obtained reference to this question. There is no need that there should be by letting this matter go, as suggested by the committee. It can repeated in this institution the tactics which one gentleman has accomplish more and reach more satisfactory results than you can suggested were adopted in the Dreyfus case. The Military Acad­ possibly accomplish by a Congressional investigation. Such an emy has a record upon which it can stand. There is no institu­ investigation was not suggested by any member, Republican or tion in this country where there is such a spirit of fair play as Democrat, of the Military Committee. It was not suggested, as I there is at the Military Academy at Westpoint. understand it, anywhere until the resolution proposed by the gen­ Mr. WANGER. Is it not well that the people of the country tleman from Pennsylvania was read; but if the House desires such should be convinced of that fact? an investigation, the Committee on Military Affairs has no fault :Mr. CLAYTON of New York. I have no objection to anyinves­ to find. So far 38 I am individually concerned, I shall vote against tigation that may be instituted. The Academy need not fear any the amendment to the resolution, and hope the House will do so. investigation. It is the most democratic institution in the world. There is one other point to which I desire to ask the attention of The son of a washerwoman and the son of a millionaire who enter the Hou e, and then I will call the previous question. I refer to the Academy leave behind all distinctions of social rank. They the unwisdom of sending men on an investigation of this kind and are placed upon the same footjng. Every cadet in the institution requiring a report within thirty days. has to depend for his standing upon his own merits. Mr. DRIGGS. Will the gentleman yield to me for a moment Mr. STEELE. More particularly as to the hazing! They are for an inquiry? brought to a level by the hazing! Mr. HULL. I will yield to the gentleman from Pennsylvania Mr. CLAYTON of New York. Now, so far as hazing is con­ fo make his motion, and then, Mr. Speaker, ask the previous cerned, let me say that this thing has been terribly exaggerated. question. At no time while I was at the Academy or for some years since­ Mr. DRIGGS. I wish to ask a question for information. beca.use I have kept myself familiar with matters there-at no time Mr. HULL. Certainly; I yield to the gentleman. would the sentiment of the cadets at large, even if left to them­ Mr. DRIGGS. I would like to know from the gentleman from selves, countenance anything that was insulting to a gentleman Iowa, in case these newspaper reports are found to be true, is or in any way unfair or brutal. there any United States law that could reach the cadet who is 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 245 guilty of this brutal act, or would it even go so far as to authorize the House for the purpose of raising revenue to pay the expenses indictment against him for manslaughter? of the Spanish war, the Ways and Means Committee, in reporting Mr. HULL. Well, the gentleman, of course, can answer that that bill, made use of the following language: as well as I. I can only say here that if the reports are found to While all of these additional taxes are war taxes, which would be naturally be true, the Congress of the United States is ready and the War repealed or modified when the necessities of war and the payment of war Department itself is ready to take action to dismiss all who are expenses have ceased, yet it is impossible now to place a limit on them, not only for the reason that no one can intelligently forecast the length of the connected with the matter or who are Culpable in relation to it. war, but also for the reason that war always brings a train of extraordinary Mr. DRIGGS. That is what I wanted to know. expenditures which do not terminate with the close of actual hostilities. Mr.WANGER. Now, Mr. Speaker, I move the amendment Mr. Chairman, although the war with Spain closed nearly two which was read by the Clerk a few moments ago, but ask to sub­ years ago yet the train of expenditures which immediately grew stitute sixty days for thirty days, so that the committee can have out of that war have not ceased, and will not cease for some time sixty days in which to report. to come. The SPEAKER. The substitute proposed by the gentleman The committee would have been glad if they could have gone from Pennsylvania as now modified 'V'iill be again reported to the through this law and eliminated every tax that is a war tax, leav­ House, after which the amendments of the committee will be sub­ ing upon the statute book only such taxes as in thell- opinion ought mitted, and then the vote will be taken upon the substitute for to be there in times of profound peace. But, as I say, the train the committee amendments and the resolution as reported by them. of expenses growing out of the war have not ceased, and we can The Clerk read as follows: not make that radical reduction in the present war revenue. RESOLUTIO~. The first thing that the committee considered was how larga a Whereas it is a matter of ~eneral knowledge, published in many reputable reduction might be made. We had before us the report and rec­ daily newspapers of the Umted States, that Oscar L. Booz, of Bristol, Pa., formerly a cadet at the United States .Military Academy at Westpoint. died ommendation of the Secretary of the Treasury, as well as the at his home from injuries purporting to have been the result of hazing in­ recommendation of the President of the United States, that we flicted upon bim by certain unknown cadets of the said Military Academy: take off ~30,000,000 from these taxes. . Therefore, be H Resolued. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, directed to re­ That recommendation was founded upon the report of the Sec­ port the information in bis possession attendingtbe said hazing of Oscar L. retary of the Treasury. It appears that the surplus in the Booz while a cadet at the Military Academy at Westpoint and the result of Treasury for the year ending June 30, 1900, was $i9,000,000, in any investigation he bas made to the House of Representatives, together with such recommendations as he may care to make by which the practice round numbers. It appears also from the expenditures already of ha.zing may be stopped. incurred and the revenue already received, as well as from the Resolved, 'l'bat a special committee of five members of the House of Repre· estimates of the various Departments, both of revenue and ex­ sentatives be appointed by the Speaker, to have full power to send for per­ sons and papers, and, if necessary, to proceed to Westpoint and elsewhere, penses, that we are likely to have a surplus during the current to thoroughly investigate the foregoing subject and report to the House year, ending June 30 next, of about $80,000,000. within sixty days the result of such investigation, with such recommendations When the Secretaxy comes to make his estimate for the year as may be advisable to secure freedom from hazing in said Academy here­ after, the expense of this investigation to be paid out of the contingent fund ending June 80, 1902, he estimates the surplus under the present of tha House. revenue and all other revenue acts remaining in full force at only • Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I want to make just one statement 826,000,000. Now, it is fair to the Secretary and the House to for the information of the House. This whole alleged matter say that this estimate is formed upon the estimates of the differ­ occurred more than two years ago. ent Departments of the Government supplied to the Secretary of I now move the previous question. the Treasurv, and he took these into consideration, and took the Mr.WANGER. In connection with that statement I suppose amounts estimated by the different Secretaries in order to arrive the gentleman will permit the further statement that the ex-cadet at this surplus of S26,000,000. If he had believed that that then went under medical treatment, which continued until the was absolutely correct, and that Congress would appropriate all time of his death. the money that the Departments called for, he never would have Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. When did he die? recommended a. reduction of even $30,000,000. l\1r. WANGER. He died very recently; during the present The committee have taken some pains to ascertain as near as month. possible how far these estimates might be out of the way. In the Mr. HULL. I now move the previous question. first place, he estimates an increase in the customs receipts and in The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa demands the pre­ the internal-revenue receipts of $10,000,000 in each case, making vious question upon the resolution and all amendments. an increase of $20,000,000. If the present business prosperity of The previous question was ordered. the country continues during the next year and a half, I do not The SPEAKER. The first que tion is on agreeing to the think that those estimates are far out of the way. He also esti­ amendments reported by the committee. mates an increase in the postal receipts of $9,000,000. But it must The question being taken, the Speaker announced that the noes be observed that the increase in the postal receipts this year over appeared to have it. the last fiscal year are only about $5,000,000; and I do not see any Mr. HULL demanded a division. warrant for an increase of $9,000,000, as estimated by the 8ecre­ The affirmative vote having been announced, tary of the Treasury, for 1902. Thus we would have an increase Mr. MADDOX said: Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. Is in the revenues of, say, $25,000,000. this the Wanger resolution. Now, it has been the experience of the country during a good Mr. WANGER. No. many years that while the revenues natmally increased from Mr. MADDOX. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. year to year under the same law and enforcement of the same The SPEAKER. It can not be made at this time. laws in the normal condition of the country, because the business The division having been completed, the Speaker announced- Qf the country grows from year to year, that the general normal ayes 82, noes 5. • expenses of the country increase in about the same proportion, Accordingly, the committee amendments were agreed to. so that the ordinary business expenditures of the country on a The SPEAKER. The question now is on agreeing to the sub­ peace footing and without having any extraordinary expenses stitute offered by the gentleman fromPennsylvania[Mr.WANGER]. that grow out of the condition of war that we have had would The substitute was agreed to. probably wipe out this surplus of $25,000,000. The SPEAKER. The question now is on agreeing to the reso- Now, Mr. Chairman1 whatfurtherexpensesareliable to come­ lution as amended. - expenses aboye the normal? We have had no river and harbor bill The resolution as amended was agreed to. since three years ago. We have not been expending as much for On motion of Mr. HULL, a motion to reconsider the last vote rivers and harbors during the past year, and will not during the was laid on the table. present year, as we normally expend. It goes without saying that we are to have a i·iver and harbor bill this year. I do not know WAR-REVF.NUE REDUCTION. what the size of it will be, but when it goes through the House On motion of Mr. PAYNE, the House resolved itself into Com­ and Senate it will be large enough, whether twenty millions or mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the con­ not I do not know; I have no information; but it will be a large sideration of the bill (H. R. 12394) to amend an act entitled "An amount of money, which must be taken into account in arriving act to provide ways and means to meet war expenditures, and for at what the surplus will be at the end of th~ fiscal year ending other purposes," approved June ta, 1898, and to reduce taxation June 30, 1902. thereunder, with Mr. HEPBURN in the chair. This is not the only increase of expenditures immediately in The Clerk reported the title of the bill. sight. For the past three years we have had no appropriation Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that and no expenditure for armor plate to put on our naval vessels, the first reading of the bill be dispensed with. simply because we have not been able to make any terms with The CHAIRMAN. ThegentlemanfromNewYorkasks unani­ the people who manufacture armor. But, as is well known to the mous consent that the first reading of the bill be dispensed with. House, the Secretary of the Navy has recently made a contract Is there objection? for armor plate amounting to 36,000 tons at somewhere less than There was no objection. $450 a ton, and the most of that will be delivered in a year and a Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, when the original bill was before half. 246 CONGRESSIONAL REO.ORD-HODSE. DECEl\I~ER 11 ~

This expenditure will increase our expenses for the next two reason of the sending of our ships across the ocean to take care of years by $18,000,000. But that is not all, so far as the building our distant possessions. So at present the committee could not of our naval establishment and the building of new vessels is see but that they were living up exactly to the agreement they concerned. We had a large naval bill passed at the last session made with the people when they imposed these taxes, by.continu­ of Congress. Contracts are about to be let, bids have just been ing $65,000,000 of taxation to take care of these expenses. opened, for a large number of vessels of all classes, which will add Under the tariff act of 1897 the reve~ues have proved to be tens of millions to the expenses and to the increase of expenses ample to take care of the current expenses of the Government. It for construction in the Navy for the year ending June 30, 1902. is true they were not sufficient for this during the first year fol· It is difficult to get at and predict the exact amount; it is difficult lowing the passage of that act, because while the old law was in to look into the future and say what Congress may do even with force, it being known that the tariff taxes were to pe increased, the appropriations in-this present session of Congress. there was an anticipatory importation of sugar to the extent of And this is not all even of the increased expenditure liable to one year's supply, and of wool to the extent of nearly two years' sup­ come in the year 1902. The Commis ioner of Pensions recom­ ply; so that the Government for nearly two years failed to get the mends an increased appropriation of $!,000,000 in his report for revenues that should have been received from these two great reve­ the year ending June 30, 1902. Most of these increased expendi­ nue producers. But from the moment we reached normal condi­ tures for pensions grow out of the Spanish war and the disabili­ tions of importation no one has had any apprehension that under ties incurred by our soldiers there. This is an increased expense the Dingley tariff law we would not receive sufficient revenue in which must be met and will help to pull down whatever surplus normal times of peace to take care of all the expenditures of the we may have in 1902. Then we have the Isthmian Canal and the Government. Pacific cable, all liable to drain the Treasury. The committee arrived at the jdea that the Secretary of the WemayhaveasurpJusof fiftymillions; we may not have a sur­ Treasury was pretty nearly right when he recommended a reduc­ plus of more than forty millions, and it may run up to sixty mil­ tion of $30,000,000; so we went to work to see at what point we lions in 1902, but the question to us is, standing here to-day, whether could relieve the people from these most vexatious and annoying we can afford to take any risk as to a deficiency for the fiscal year taxes under these schedules. Taking these matters up in order of 1902. We can deal with a surplus. It is the Republican habit and trying to find the taxes that seemed to be most vexatious, the to deal with a surplus when they control the revenues and expendi­ committee commenced at Schedule A in the existing law and tures of the Government. [Laughter and applause.] The Repub­ began to reduce the taxes along the line of that schedule. The licans are to have charge of the Government for the next two years first item that they reached was certificates of deposit, inland to come. But it goes against the grain on this side of the House drafts, foreign bills of exchange, and the tax on postal money to have to deal with a deficiency, and when the committee were orders-all of the same nature-there being a tax of 2 cents upon considering this bill the majority members of the committee, who each, and all these taxes be· ng of the same degree of annoyance commenced the consideration of it on the 20th dav of last month and vexation. and have had it under consideration ever since,-constantly had Now, is it tme that some of the city banks asked~ "Why not • before them the idea that whatever they did in the reduction of leavethisstamptaxon bank checks? Thestampisimprintedon the taxation they should not bring in a bill which when entirely enacted check; it does not cause much trouble; the tax is not very large. into law would produce a deficiency in the revenues of the country. Why not leave it in force?" But then we heard from the farm­ The increased revenues predicted by the Secretary of the Treas­ ers; we heard from the rural districts; we heard from the small ury depend upon continued prosperity. There is nothing at home, banks; we heard from the small traders, and we learned that this there is nothing in our own country, which does not give promise 2·cent tax upon checks is to them very vexatious. Of course 2 of prosperity for years to come. Every man is hopeful, every cents is not much to any man, but the getting of a 2-cent stamp business man is full of enterprise, the country is marching on in is often the difficulty. Farmers do not care for books with beauti­ industrial prosperity; but it does not depend altogether upon fully engraved or imprinted stamps on their checks. They do not what transpires in the United States whether this prosperity shall provide checks of this kind in advance. They do not buy $2 worth continue or not. We are marching forward into the markets of of stamps in advance. They depend upon the adhesive stamps; the world, making greater strides than we ever made before. and when they come to put the sticky thing into their pockets and During the past two years our advance in this direction has been try to carry it around they find that the stamp wants to pay the phenomenal. What we have so often predicted in the past as the tax by destroying itself before it gets upon the check, _result of our tariff laws, bringing our artisans up to that point of And often when they want to give their neighbor a check they perfection where they can compete in the markets of the world, have no stamp at hand, They can not use a postage stamp if has already transpired, and we are marching on in that respect. they happen to have one in the house. It may be necessary to go But we had a short time since what looked like trouble in five or ten miles before they can get a revenue stamp. They may China. The powers were over there, and friction was occurring offer to pay 2 cents to the man who receives the check-thereby from day to day. It looks now as if, through Am&rican diplo­ violating the law, although not intending to do so in spirit. And macy, the whole matter might be settled and there might be no dif­ the farmer may not have the 2 cents at hand. ficultv between the nations of the world and no war on account Often he does not happen to have 2 cents change in his pocket, of what each one is doing. But we can not tell what may hap­ so that the stamp does not go on, and the check goes to the bank pen. We can not tell at what moment a general war may break without the stamp. It may be a small country bank, and the out in Europe; and if that occurs, it will affect the prosperity of banker who receives the check must himself put the stamp on or the United States. We can not bank upon what may happen offend the customer by refusing to receive the check without the across the water, and hence we can not predict a uniform pros­ stamp upon it. So the country banks want this tax removed; but perity in this country during the next four years; and so we must the large city banks say, "No, do not take off this tax; take off look out in the future and must guard against going beyond the the tax upon bank capital-the tax of $2 upon every thousand dol· danger line in the reduction of the revenue of the country. lar'a of capital and surplus." This bill which we bring in here proposes a reduction of 40,- The committee thought the city banks were better able to pay 000,000. It is exactly in accordance with what we announced the tax upon their capital than these humbler individuals and when we brought in the bill two years ago raising the war taxes. institutions were able to pay this stamp tax upon checks. For We leave $65,000,000 still to be collected under the war-revenue the city banks do not feel the annoyance that the people through­ bill. You will notice that we are to provide for an army of 100,- out the country feel in consequence of this little 2-cent stamp tax 000 men. Both sides agree upon that number as necessary on ac­ upon every check that is issued. So in our bill we have stricken count of the conditions in the insular possessions of this country out this tax on checks, amounting to '7,000,000 annually; the tax that came to us through the Spanish war. on certificates of deposit, amounting to $200,000 annually; the tax No one thinks we ought to have over 50,000 men in time of on inland drafts, amounting to 500,000 annually· the tax on for­ peace. We have been adding to our fortifications, and we must eign drafts, amounting to 100,000 annually; and the tax on postal · keep an additional army of 18,000 men to man them, with twenty money orders, amounting to $602,000 annually. millions annually for expenses. We are not taking that into cal· The next thing that met the eye of the committee was the tax culation now, but we must have the 50,000 additional men to take on promissory notes and mortgages, which are in the same class. care of the foreign possessions for two or three years to come. It seemed to the committee as it had seemed to them when the In making this calculation we might as well make the calculation original bill was before them two years ago that it was pretty of an expense of sixty-five to seventy millions of dollars, an ex­ hard when a man had to borrow money and pay interest on· it pense following in the train of the Spanish war a!ld growing that he should be charged a tax in addition. That seemed to be legitimately out of it; and that would absorb the whole $65,000,000 a tax upon his borrowing capacity or a tax upon his indebtedness. that we continue to get under the war-revenue act. So the committee was unanimous in the conclusion that the stamp In addition to that we are paying five millions and a quarter of tax on promissory notes should go off. According to the best dollars of interest annually on borrowed money-on the bonds we est.imates that we could get from the Department, that tax amounts issued for the expenses of the Spanish war alone. We are to pay to three and a half million dollars. three or four million dollars additional in pensions every year. By the way, this estimate was based upon figures obtained in And our naval establishment must continue to cost us more by this manner: The Comptroller of the Currency knew the exact 1900. CONGRESSION~L RECORD-HOUSE. 247 amount that was loaned by the banks upon promissory notes for case and also in the case of mortgages, a mortgage being a form the year previous. It was estimated that those notes, on an of indebtedness where the debtor pays not only the interest on average, ran for ninety days; and on that basis the amount of tax his obligation, but also pays the stamp tax of the Government as imposed upon such notes was estimated at something over a well. The annual tax on insurance policies was $3,000,000 and million and a half-nearly $2,000,000. Then it was estimated on bonds of indemnity $250,000. there were as many notes held by the private bankers and the Then there was a tax of $200,000 upon steamship tickets abroad. State banks, and used in private transactions, as those that went When this was put on it was thought by the committee who put to the national banks. it on in the Senate that this 5200,000 would come out of the pas­ And so they figured that the entire cost of the stamps to the sengers who went abroad, that they had plenty of money to spend, public in this case amounted to three and a half millions of dol­ and that they might just as well drop a little into the Treasury of lars, and probably they have arrived at a correct conclusion in the United States every time they went abroad as not. But how regard to the amount of this tax. The difficulty in the business, did that work? It was added to the price of the ticket here, to be it must be understood, is one which arises from the very nature sure, and the pa.ssengers had to pay it, but right across the bor­ of the tax itself, for the reason that any one stamp of a given de­ der was a Canadian line running direct to Europe, and their nomination which is required by law to be affixed to a document tickets were $5 less, and it simply resulted in driving a large of this character will do on any oneoftheseinstruments, whether amount of passage from Montreal and Quebec to Europe, instead notes, indorsements, or checks, and we do not provide a different of letting it go by way of the lines that run out of this country character of stamp for each one of these different forms of busi­ from New York, Philadelphia, and Boston; and not bringing the ness papers. The office, therefore, only knows the number sold Government any large receipts, the committee thought it was of each particular denomination of stamps, and whether they are better to take it off, and we did so. used on checks, notes, or bonds they have no means of knowing. Mr. COX. How about the inheritance tax? Again, take the question of mortgages. It was reckoned that Mr. PAYNE. I will come to that in a moment. Then there the mortgages outstanding in 1890, according to the census of that were some taxes upon powers of attorney, upon protests of notes, year, would average $1,4.00 each, and, therefore, that the stamp and upon warehouse receipts, amounting only to 8375,000, and the tax on them was 25 cents on each mortgage, and the total amount committee took those off, making a total reduction in Schedule A was something over $300, 000 raised fron:i that source. The internal­ of $22,242,000. They left on taxes in Schedule A which applied reven ue people were inclined to figure also the tax on chattel to transactions on stock exchanges in the large cities of the coun­ mortgages amounted to about as much. But in that respect the try, both in speculating in farm produce and also in buying and committee did not agree with the Bureau. They estimated that selling stocks and bonds on the market. These amount to ahout the amount of the tax on all mortgages would reach about a mil­ 13,000,000 a year, according to the best estimate that can be fur­ lion dollars per annum, while the committee concluded on its in­ nished by the Internal-Revenue Office. We thought that these vestigation that it would not exceed one-half million dollars per taxes ought to stay on as long as we had this train of expenses annum. growing out of the war. The next vexatious tax on the list is the tax of 1 cent which the Now we come down to Schedule B, which is largely a tax upon law required to be paid on each express receipt or telegraphic dis­ patent medicines and chewing gum-patent medicines, chewing patch.- Of course this tax affects everybody who has any trans­ gum, and wine. Well, I think the patent-medicine people have actions with the_telegraph or express offices. They have to go made more complaints than any other class of people that have down into their pockets and pay the 1-cent revenue tax, and it is been taxed under the war-revenue act. I do not mean to say that not so much the amount of the tax as the vexatious time required anybody has been taxed who has not made complaints, for every in hunting around for change to-meet the requirements of the law. class of people who have been taxed under this act have been The objection to it, therefore, is not so much because of the char­ making loud complaints before the committee ever since the tax acter of the tax itself, so far as the expense is concerned, but be­ has been imposed. There was not a man of them who was not cause it is so very annoying to everybody" who has dealings with entirely willing to have his tax repealed, although an the 'other telegraph or express companies; and the committee took off both taxes should remain upon the schedule. · of these taxes, the tax on express receipts, which amounted to But these veople who sell patent medicine seemed to have a twelve hundred thousand dollars, and on telegraph messages, real cause of grievance. When we fixed the tax, we fixed it at $800,000 per annum. five-eighths of 1 cent on every 25-cent article at retail, a small per­ Of course, Mr. Chairman, some may say, Why not put this tax centage compared to the retail price. We did not so much take directly upon the express companies and telegraph companies? into consideration the wholesale price of the·article, and we found Well, we did consider that; but the express company had a right that the wholesale price of the article was so small that this tax to say to their customers how much they would charge for carry­ coming upon the manufacturer made a very large percentage upon ing a package from place to place and could easily add the amount his output, amounting to from 20 to 50 per cent, and in some in­ of the Government tax to their charges. I know sometimes gen­ stances even more, upon the wholesale price at which he put the _ tlemen will close their eyes and proceed blindly, as was the case article out. This applies both to chewing gum and to the various in dealing with the tax on the Standard Oil Company and putting articles of proprietary medicines under Schedule B. a tax on the -sugar refiner, as was done. Mr. WHEELER. Will the gentleman permit me right there? They forgot to consider the fact that these taxes might possibly I do not claim to have any personal knowledge on the subject of not affect the companies at all, but the consumers; and a review the taxation of patent medicines and proprietary medicines, but of the history of the last two years shows what some gentlemen there are a good many jobbers in my district, and they have told then anticipated, when the tax went on in the Senate, that the me some things about this subject which conflict with the state­ companies not only got the amount of the tax back, but that the ments of the gentleman from New York, in this, that they say companies also got a little additional sum from their customel'sto the wholesale people make the jobbers and the retailers pay the enable them to swell their dividends. That was the legislation in tax. They are in favor of retaining this tax. They say it does that regard. In other words, the tax in all instances seeks the not make any difference; that the wholesale men will never put consumer, and usually, if not arrested in its progress, it finds him down the price of the medicine, even if you take the tax off. and forces him to pay the amount due to the Government, and a Mr. PAYNE. Well, I want to say that the general rnle in little additional, also, to help to swell the dividends of the com­ every one of these cases is that the manufacturer claims he is pay­ panies upon whom it was supposed the tax was levied. ing the tax. the wholesaler claims he pays it, the retailer claims he Again, Mr. Chairman, having taken the tax off telegraph mes­ pays it, and the consumer claims he pays it, and they all seem to sages, it seemed no more than right to the committee, and proper, be honorable, truthful men. It is pretty hard work to get at the that the same privilege should be accorded to the telephone com­ truth, and my own opinion is that in almost every case it is divided panies. The telephone companies are not large corporations, as a all along the line to a large extent. The consumer can hardly pay rule, and are scattered throughout the country, and, as has been it on these patent medicines, because the price is fixed at 25 cents, said in many cases, their bonded indebtedness is heavy and bur­ unless he gets a little less alcohol than he did before. I do not densome, and so it was believed by the committee that while re­ see very well how the consumer can be obliged to pay this tax pealing the tax on telegraphic messages yon should relieve their otherwise. only competitors and take the tax from the telephone companies Mr. WHEELER. If the gentleman will permit me just there, .just as well. This tax, as I have said already, amounts to about I recall a conversation that I had with a jobbing druggist in my $800,000 a year on the telegraph.companies and $315,000 a year on district, in which he took the instances cited by the gentleman, telephone companies. of 25-cent packages of patent medicine. He tells me that under Then we go a step further and take the stamp tax off bonds, this law they are compelled to sell the medicine at 40 cents. I do conveyances, and insurance policies. This latter tax is paid not know whether that is true or not. It is a very reputable firm, almost entirely by the man who receives the insurance. The man and he is one of the men that asked me to retain this tax, saying who provides for the future of his family in the event-of his that it would do people no good; that they would have to pay the death by securing a life insurance, or in providing an indemnity increased price anyway. for the family-for his wife and children-in case the home should Mr. PAYNE. I should say a man who got 40 cents instead of bw'll down, was forced to pay this tax. We took it off in that 25 cents would be in favor of continuing the tax. 248 OONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. DECEMBER 1 l,

But if anybody goes around the streets of our large cities with difference between the Commjssioner and the committee as to the his eyes open he will see on the fronts of a great many drug stores amount. He estimated the amount at a million dollars and the the sign "Cut prices in patent medicines;" and they have got committee at ha.If a million. The fact is that under the last clause down pretty near to rock bottom in selling this stuff around the the tax on legacies to strangers and to those of remote degree of country. I suppose it is all good medicine. I do not know; I have kinship and to others, including legacies to educational, chari­ never tried any of it. table, and religious associations, amounted to $700,000 gathered Now the basis of thee medicines very frequently, and perhaps during the past year. The committee think that $500,000 would generahy, is alcohol. Of course, alcohol pays eleven or twelve amply cover all the revenue received to-day upon educational, hundred per cent taxation before it ~ets into patent medicine, and charitable, and religious bequests. they claim they are subject to a double internal-revenue tax, both Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I see in connection with Sched­ taxes of a very high character, and that would seem to be the ule A the committee has taken off the tax from express receipts, case. So the committee thought it was best to take that off. but has left the tax on receipts for freight. In regard to chewing gum, in the tariff act of 1897 we put 10 Mr. PAYNE. I will say in regard to that that the tax of 1 cent cents per pound duty on chicle, which is the basis of all the chew­ on a receipt upon freight carried by a. railroad and other carriers ing gum made in this country, and which is all imported. This than express cover a. large quantity of goods generally, and often 10 cents a pound is equivalent, they tell me to about 65 per cent shipped to long distances. Usually there is a large freight bill, ad valorem; so that there is a very high tariff duty on the chicle the receipts covering a carload, and sometimes a trainload, and which goes into chewing gum before it reaches the gum. This of course the compensation averages very much higher than it has been a great source of complaint, and they have put in evi­ does for express packages. dence enough to convince the committee that they are really los­ The railroad corporations have paid these taxes up to this time ing money, and have been ever since this tax has been in existence, without imposing it upon their customere. It comes from the and that the United States Government has been taking the entire railroad company, while express companies claim that if they had profit. to pay 1 cent for every package they carry, the compensation So the committee thought it best to take the tax off these arti­ being comparatively small, it would drive some of them into cles. There is a. tax of 2 cents a quart bottle on native wine, and bankruptcy and prevent others from paying the usual small divi­ 1 cent upon pint bottles or less. This tax has been complained dend which they pay on the stock of the company. In other of a good deal. It is a high tax, much higher in proportion than words, it would be very detrimental to business, and so they were the tax on beer, not as much as the tax on whisky and alcohol. forced to charge it to their customers. So the committee took it They generally get 5 quart bottles from a gallon of wine, and that off the express receipts and left it on the railroad receipts. amounts to 2 cents a gallon tax, while the wine is sold at 17 cents Mr. COX. Will the gentleman from New York allow me a a gallon, and the makers of the wines say that that is a very large question? tax, and amounts to more than 60 per cent of the value of the Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. wine. Mr. COX. I want to get this proposition distinct and plain in Mr. BARTHOLDT. Will the gentleman permit me just one this proposed bill. Now, a good citizen makes a bequest in his statement? will and gives his property to an educational institution. Is that Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. tax taken off? Mr. BARTHOLDT. The percentage of alcohol in beer is said Mr. PAYNE. Under this bill we have removed all taxes on to be 3 per cent. If that is true, beer is taxed about 100 per cent legacies of that kind. higher than whisky and wine. Mr. COX. That is satisfactory to me. Mr. PAYNE. I am reliably informed that under the new and Mr. POWERS. Would it interrupt the gentleman if I asked improved methods of making beer that the average amount of him a question at this point? alcohol is 15 and more per cent. I am not a judge of beer, and Mr. PAYNE. No, sir. have not analyzed it to find what alcohol it contains. Mr. POWERS. I desjre to inquire of the chairman of the com­ Mr. BARTHOLDT. The experts state, and we have to take mittee whether he has any objection to add to the proviso to which their statements, in a matter of this kind-- he has alluded, relating to the legacies to educational institutions, Mr. PAYNE. I am credibly a~sured that under the new and that the act shall not apply to estates, testate or intestate, where improved methods of making it, where they have dispensed with the te tator died before June 13, 1 9 , the date of the pa sage of many of the old ingredients that went into the making of beer, the original act? I will say to the gentleman from New York the percentage is as I have stated. that some question has arisen in the case of estates where the Mr. BART HOLDT. We have got to rely on the statements of settlement was pending at the time of the passage of this act. experts on that, and they say that the percentage of alcohol in Some collectors have insisted that the act applied to those estates beer is 3 per cent. and claimed that the legacies and distributive shares should be Mr. HOPKINS. What kind of beer, let me ask the gentleman taxed, while others claim that it did not apply. The next section right there? Is it not a fact that the percentage differs with differ­ of the law-section 30-would rather indicate that it did not ap­ ent manufactures. and is not the percentage of alcohol larger in ply; but, to prevent any confusion or dispute about it, I ask the American beer than in German beer? chairman if he ha1:1 any objection to the proposed amendment? Mr. BARTHOLDT. No, sir. Mr. PAYNE. I would like first to get the information from l\Ir. HOPKINS. I am so informed. the Internal-Revenue Bureau, and then I will confer with the Mr. BARTHOLDT. The percentage varies anywhere from 2t gentleman later. to 3~, but the average given by the experts is 3 per cent. Now, Mr. Chall-man, under the war-revenue act the tax upon Mr. HOPKINS. I am credibly informed that there is more cigars weighing more than 3 pounds to the thousand is $3. 60. It alcohol in Ame1·ican beer than there is in German beer. was put at this odd sum, $3.60. And in trying to apportion the 60 Mr. PAYNE. These gentlemrn will have to settle the question cents the cigar makers found they were unable to do it and charge as to the percentage of alcohol in beer when they go out to get it to their customers. They claimed the price of cigars being 5 and their lunch. I was speaking of the percentage of taxation upon 10 cents they were not able to divide the cents in retailing cigars, the value of this article. There is no doubt but what it is a and they are unable to get any portion of the tax from the con­ large tax upon the wine. I was in favor of making a reduction sumer. They claim that prior to the imposition of this tax the upon this, but was embarrassed by the fact that much of this wine margin was so small on cheap cigarei that there was very little is made in my own and adjoining districts, and I gave up to the profit, and that the 60 cents a thousand has taken all, if not more general good-to the greatest number-in regard to this, and we than a.11, of the profits on this article. It bears heaviest on the bold to this 600,000 that is estimated by the Commissioner of In­ cheap cigars made of our own domestic tobacco. Even cigars made ternal Revenue. That is all that is left of Schedule B-this tax of Connecticut tobacco are subject to some difficulty on account upon wine. of this tax, although that tobacco is not cheap and is good. Now, in framing the bill in1898 the Senateput a provision upon Mr. HENRY of Connecticut. I will say to the gentleman from the bill putting a pretty high tax upon legacies and bequests of New York that we do not make cigars of Connecticut tobacco; we personal property, and no exception was made as to any class of only make the wrappers. bequest for charitable, religious, or educational uses. The mat­ Mr. PAYNE. But they get a good American filler to put into it. ter was not called to the attention of the conference committee Mr. DALZELL. Yes, they get that from Pennsylvania. when we agreed npon that. If it had been, I have no doubt the [Laughter.] conference committe9 would have suggested an amendment in Mr. PAYNE. The result has been that the committee have that part of the law because there is no excuse for taxing bequests taken out the 60 cents and left it at $3 a thousand, which is a to charitable, religious, and educational institutions; and I do pretty good tax on cigars now, considering the tax upon the not suppose that there is a member of this House who would insist wholesale dealer, and this item makes a reduction of $3,189,000 in at any time under any stress of circumstances on imposing a tax the revenue. upon legacies of that character. The only other subject upon which I have not touched is the Our e

!;t per cent discount, making 92t cents net. This 7t cents dis­ his beer, but found that this would not work, because the saloon count was allowed at an early day, soon after the war, on the man knew that the tax was only 85 cents. So he reduced the price theory that after the stamp wa~ put on the barrel of beer there of the beer 15 cents a barrel, andfinally a little more in particular was a certain loss by the way of the bursting of the barrel and case8, the beer tax being one of the arguments, and perhaps the souring of the beer which amount.ed to 7t cents on a barrel, and dullness of trade and something else, until a reduction had been the brewers claimed that they were entitled to a discount because made which averaged somewhere from 5 to 40 per cent, differing the stamps which were put on the barrel were worthless. It was in different localities. But when we came to get the reportof the estimated that the loss amounted to about 7t cents a barrel. sales for the year ending June 30, 1900, we found that they had They convinced Congress that this was the fact, and so this 7t exceeded those of the year before by' 2,748,000. Then the ques 4 per cent was allowed as a rebate on the $1 down to the enactment tion came up, What made that difference? If the reduction was of the Dingley tariff law in 1897. on account of the tax, was the increased sale also on account of We made considerable investigation at one time; and the com­ the tax? If the tax produced a reduction in 1899, why not in 1900? mittee was satisfied that whatever was the loss in 1865 and gen­ Why this large increase in the sales, amounting to about 7per cent? erally in the sixties, in 1897 it did not amount to 1 per cent upon I saw a statement in the Post the other day as coming from a the total amount of beer. In the early days there were no refrig­ responsible authority, the president of the association; and I erator cars and no refrigerators in the saloons. There was no figured back fifteen or twenty years to find that the average in­ method of keeping the beer cool except by putting it in the cellar, crease in all of the years when there was an increase-because it where of course the heat was likely to burst the barrels, so that must be remembered that during some years there was no in­ there was considerable loss on that account. But in these days crease-that the average increase amounted to something like 4t when we have refrigerator cars and when we have large refrig­ per cent, while in the past year it reached 7-i per cent, and I con­ erators in tbesaloons-Ihave beentoldaboutthesesaloons [laugh­ clude from that statement that these gentlemen were not so ter­ ter]-the beer is kept cool, so that there is not this loss by the ribly straitened as they are represented in the committee and by bursting of the barrels aa there formerly was. I have been told their friends to be in regard to this business. It is also a pretty by one brewer that the loss does not exceed a tenth of 1 per cent. good indication that the business prospers. Our committee was convinced of the fact in 1897, and we took A shtement has been made that the number of brew~ries has off this rebate of 7t per cent and left the tax on beer at a full dol­ been decreased. We are told that the reduction in the number of lar a barrel; and we did not hear very much complaint from the breweries in the United States during the last year amounts to brewers in reference to that matter. 200. And in their evidence they sustain the statements. They When we came to frame the war-revenue bill the committee show that a system is going on all over the country which tend.a thought that beer ought tostandataxof another dollar, and they in that direction. The smaller breweries are being gi·adually at first fixed the tax at $2 a banel. Finally a compromise was absorbed by the larger establishments; they are being bought up made with those representing the beer interests. They agreed if by a syndicate in different towns and cities throughout the we would allow them 7t per cent rebate they would cease to fight country and being consolidated. Perhaps gentlemen on the the increased taxation; so we put the rebate at 7t per cent, which stump would call them trusts-small trusts-buying up the made the tax on one barrel of beer $1.85, which it is to-day. So breweries for the purpose of controlling the beer business, giving that when any gentleman comes to you and says that in the war­ them a new capitalization and sometimes building a large new rnvenue act the tax was increased $1, he is stating that which establishment to take the nlace of the smaller ones which have is not true. The tax was originally $1, and we made it $1.85 net. been absorbed. - The increase was simply 85 cents a barrel, not a dollar a barrel. Mr. COOPER of Texas. Can the gentleman from New York The brewers have complained that this additional tax has made state the price of beer prior to the adoption of the stamp tax? a great deal of diffe1·ence jn their business, and has been a great l\Ir. PAYNE. I will state to tbe gentleman that that is one of burden to them. They came before us last spring-of course be­ the very hardest things to find out in the world. It differs in fore we had the statement for the fiscal year ending June 30, of different cities or places throughout the country. We have last year-and showed us by the internal-revenue reports that been told that in the smaller cities it was about $5 a barrel there had been a falling off in the sale of beer in the year ending before the tax; but we come around to investigate and ask the June 30, 1899, as compared with the year ending June 30, 1898; price from individual brewers, and we are told that the aver­ that during the latter year when the tax was $1.85 as compared age price is $6.25 in some places. Going later on to the retailers, with the former year when the tax was $1, there had been a fall­ they tell us that they are paying $1 a barrel more now than they ing off in the sale of beer to the extent of more than 900,000 bar­ paid prior to the adoption of the tax. But when we come around rels, the total sale being about 37,000,000 barrels. to the small brewers we find them complaining of the large brew­ They said this was on accOlmt of the tax, and they proceeded to ers, who are selling in the cities where they are located at six, say that the brewers were paying the whole of the additional tax; eight, or ten dollars a barrel, but when they come into the little that the tax did not come out of the consumer or out of the re­ cities and come into competition with the smaller brewers, then tailer, but out of the brewer. The same gentleman made the state­ they put their prices down to $5 a barrel. So you see there is a ment about this loss on the sales of beer; and I could not get it wide range of difference in prices. And, I repeat, it is almost im­ through my head how there could be a loss in the sale of beer on possible to get at the exact price. account of the tax if the brewers were paying the whole tax and l\Ir. Chairman, I hold in my hand a prospectus of the La Crosse the customer did not pay any. Then this gentleman said that 60 Brewing Company, at La Crosse, Wis., which is a consolidated per cent of the beer consumed was sold in the large cities by meas­ concern composed of four smaller breweries which they bought ure; that the retailer did not give so large a measure as he had in for the sum of $900,000. The figures in connection with the given before, so that the retailer was not paying the tax, but was matter are interesting, and I will state them to the House. collecting it out of the consumer, and that so large a measure not being given as before accounted for the falling off in the sale of ~aJi!tt~;~b°okricis: :::::::::::: ::::: :::~:: :::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: ~: ~: ~ beer. Still, I do not understand the matter, and I do not think the committee did. Another gentleman came before the commit­ Total capital. ... ---···------·--·-·-···----··---·--·._ ....• 1, 200, 000. 00 tee and explained the matter a little more in detail. I will read Cost of the four plants, and assets included .. ------··------·--·- 900,000.00 very briefly what he said on that subject: Cost of proposed new brewery ____ ·--··-········------·--···-- 300,000.00 In your qaestion put to our president, who preceded me, you asked him Total expenditures .. _.-··-·-·· __ ....•. ·--···--··-----·-·---·-· 1,200,000.00 how it was tlla.t the consumption has decreased. I should answer that per­ haps a little more thoroughly than he did by telling you that the brewers of Appraised value of property to be transferred--·-···--··---·--·--- 916,690.63 the country, in trying to distribute this tax in the first place, issued little Profits from March 31, 1900, to be incladed (figured to July 1, 1900, circulars showing the retailer how he coald thrO\v a portion of this tax upon only) .... ·--··---.-·-_ -·-·- _--· __ ---· _. ·- __ .... _. __ ·--- _-· ·----·--··. 20, 713. 86 the consumer; that is, by giving a certain size of glass, and showing him what Capital to be placed in treasury for new pla.ut _____ -···--·--. ···-· _ 300, 000. 00 size of glass to use in retailing, and also by the measure when selling beer by the pitcher or by the pail, and while the retailer said to us openly almost everywhere that he would not do that, yet, as a. matter of fact, he did do it, Total asset~ July 1, 1900 _·-·- --·- -·-· ···------··- ·--··- --··-· l, 237,404.49 and that has resulted very largely in the decreased consumption of the beer. Assured annual profit·--·_··-··_-···-.--····-·-··-----·-·--··--··--_ W, 113. 79 Well they finally admitted that the brewers did not pay over 40 .Mr. COX. What is the ratio of percentage? per cent of the tax; that the balance was divided between the re­ Mr. PAYNE. Ten per cent. Their present rate of production tailer and the consumer.· I have always had soll).e suspicion that is 80,000 barrels per annum, and the profit of $122,000 on 80,000 40 per cent is a pretty large figure, and that these gentlemen were ac­ barrels would be a pretty good business. This occurred during customed to use language in a sortof Pickwickia.nsensewhen de­ the last year, and during the depreciation in the brewery trade of scribing their woes, just as I have had a snspicio11 that the sellers which we have heard so much. - of chewing gum and the manufacturers of patent medicines and Mr. SHATTUC. I would like to ask the gentleman from the like, in detailing their woes before the committee, have always New York a question. stated them for all that they were worth-probably a little more. Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. We expect exaggeration when men are making complaints. Mr. SHATTUC. Do you think, in view of the statements of But I think the truth of the matter is that the wholesaler started that prospectus, that that would be a good investment or a safe out to collect the additional 85 cents by adding 1 to the price of investment? Would yon advise your friends to l.my in? . .

250 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. DECEMBER 11, .

Mr. PAYNE. Why, if this comes from honorable men, yes. eyes of the smaller and weaker competitors at 100 per cent more than the actual value of the J>l"Operties, boa.sting of their rich concerns and the mil­ But I proceed. The actual capacity of the new brewery is to be lions behind them. Now they see how unwisely they have acted. Not one­ 100,000 barrels per annum. half of their properties bring them a. percentage, and this extra war tax and Barrels. other expenses make them howl. Take off the war tax and you will drive the smaller brewers to the wall and help the lar~er ones to their monopoly. Present rate of production ...... ------... ------····...... 80,000 Inclosed herewith find a copy of a communication addressed to the "Ding­ Actual capacity of the new brewery per annum ...... -----····•·· ...... 100,000 ley committee and Senators" several yea.rs ago. I have not changed my mind Mr. DALZELL. I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman's one iota.. time may be extended until he concludes his remarks. If a brewer does business on a fair basis and does not uphold a set of people who have helped to disgrace our business, they are being well enough paid The CHAIRMAN (Mr.HOPKINS). Unanimousconsentisasked with a continuance of the war tax. that the gentleman be permitted to conclude his remarks. Is Should yon find a reduction desirable, I would consider it advisable to there objection? allow a rebate of 15 cents on a dollar, or 30 cents on a barrel, instead of 71- cents on a dollar, or 15 cents on a barrel (as now), which I think should be There was no objection. agreeable to all. Mr. PAYNE (reading): Yours, truly, ADAM SCHANTZ. Agencies and saloons controlled by the consolidation (60 per cent of the present sales go through these channels) ...... ------...... 1-99 ANOTHER SIDE TO THE BEER ISSUE. Proposed division of assured annual profit on prese:it pusiness: (Copy mailed to Hon. Nelson Dingley and Hon. M.ARcus A. HANNA.) Six per cent interest on bonds------...... ------...... $30, 000. 00 Sinking fund ____ ···--·------______. ______------·------·...... 9,(51). 00 ADAM SCHANTZ RIVERSIDE BREWERY, Cash dividend, 8 per cent on stock ...... ------~-...... 56,000.00 Dayton, Ohio, Deoe1nber 10, 1898. Surplus for extending business ...... ____ ...... • 26,663. 'm It is not the war tax that hurts the big brewJlrs. It is caused by the busi· ness methods of those great" I am's" (rule or ruin). They think there are Total ...... ------.... :.------·------122, 113. 79 no others. For yea.rs they have had their own way, and now that they are forced to do a legitimate business or lose money they kick. For example, Mr. SULZER. What is the capitalization of that company? they sell their beer in the cities where they are located at $7 to $8 per barrel, Mr. PAYNE. One million two hundred thousand dollars. but they ship it hundreds of miles from home for $5.50 to $6 per barrel, paying Mr. Otto C. Wolfe, of Philadelphia, the leading brewery architect in Amer­ frei~ht, furnishing ice, also loss of cooperage and other expenses, amount· ica, has estimated, in papers on file, that a modern brewery of the most ap­ ing mall to a.bout Sl per barrel, all to the detriment of the small brewers. proved plan, with an actual annual capacity of 100,000 barrels, can be built Now, competitors, this is a world of progress. You must shape your busi­ and equipped at a cost not exceeding $300,000, and that 80,000 barrels of beer ness accordingly. Give the minnows a chance to live. If you don't, you can annually be produced in such a br('\wery at $L38 per barrel. must bear the consequences. After the storm will be calm. Don't worry about it. Pay it without c0mplaining. Mr. SULZER. Will the gentleman permit a question right We are living in the greatest country in the world, if we aren't all mil· there? lionaires and sell 1,000,000 barrels a year. Have faith in our Administration and all will be well at the proper time. Mr. PAYNE. Yes. I would rather read this statement and ADAM SCHANTZ. then hear the gentleman's question. Mr. SULZER. Very well. Mr. SHATTUC. Will you kindly say who wrote that letter? Mr. PAYNE (reading): Mr. PAYNE. I have no objection whatever. It was sent to Thisestima.te on cost of production is confirmed, as Mr. Wolfe states, by me as chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. The name one of the leading brewers in Philadelphia. We take this estimate as a of the writer is Adam Schantz, Riverside Brewery, Dayton, Ohio. basis, although, as a matter of fact, it is figured on a higher cost for material Now, that is a specimen of some of the letters we have received than exists at La Cro se. It is known that the actual cost of production, as attested by several modern breweries located in this section of the North­ and some of the evidence we have taken into consideration. west, runs below SI .00 per barrel. The chief purpose of the new company is Mr. SULZER. I presume he is a Republican brewer. to secure the benefits of this economy. The i;ales of the four breweries for Mr. STEELE. I hope he is. the first half of the pre ent year show an output of at least 80,000 barrels. The reduction in the co t of brewing 80,000 barrels from $2.04 per barrel, un­ Mr. PAYNE. I do not know whether he is a Republican or a der existing circumsbnces, down to SL.38 per barrel or below, will afford an Democrat; if a Republican, all the better for that; if a modern annual saving of not le s than ·552,800. The average annual net profit at Democrat, God help him. [Laughter.] present in the four breweries is certified by the accountants t-0 be $69,313.79. Mr. DALZELL. There are not any Democrats; they have gone That is, the annual net profit to-day under existing circum­ in with the Populists. stances is $69,000 for the four breweries which were put into this Mr. PAYNE. I mean the real old-fashioned Democrats. capitalization at SU00,000, and I suppose there is often water put Mr. SULZER. If they go on as they are, the modern Demo· even into beer stock. crats will soon be in the majority. By adding the saving in cost of production alone, as set forth above, on Mr. PAYNE. They are growing beautifully less by degrees. 80,000 barrels per year in the new plant, the profits will be $122,113.79 annu­ Now, to return to the beer question. The committee heard all ally. of the allegations of the brewers; whenever they were in the city Then follows a recapitulation. Now, I will hear the question and desired a hearing they were heard. When there were only of the gentleman from New York. two members of the committee we heard them in conversation, Mr. SULZER. Mr. Chairman, I should like to ask the gentle­ as we heard the representatives of other industries in that way. man if it is not a fact that the consumers of the beer are com­ Although we had no general hearings at that time, we went over pelled to pay this additional tax? all they had to say, and I have read faithfully all the correspond­ Mr. PAYNE. I think they pay a portion of it; how much I ence that has come to the committee on this subject, and I say have not been able to find out. that when we make that reduction of 25 cents a ba.nel, we Mr. SULZER. Is not the brewer a mere collector for Uncle have made all the concession in this tax that we ought to make, Sam? Does he not charge the retailer the additional tax per bar­ and all that this interest, under the present circumstances, has rel, and does not the retailer charge the consumer so much more any right to ask of this Congress. That makes a reduction of per glass or so much more per bottle? nearly $10,090,000-nine million eight hundred and odd thousand Mr. PAYNE. I think very often the manufacturer pays the dollars-in the war-revenue bill. It gives the largest reduction whole of the tax and I think that very often he does not. to them of any interest. Mr. SULZER. I would state for the information of the gentle­ We have taken nothing off tobacco except half a dollar on cigars, man-- and yet the tax on tobacco was doubled by the war-revenue bill. Mr. PAYNE. I did not ask the gentleman to make any state­ We have taken nothing off of cigarettes, and yet the tax was ment. I only yielded for a questiQn, not a statement. trebled on cigarettes under the war-revenue act. We have made The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman declines to yield. this concession because these gentlemen have claimed so strenu­ Mr. PAYNE. Now, I have a letter written by a brewer from ously that this tax was destroying their business. We do not one of the small breweries, situated in the State of Ohio. This is mean to destroy anybody's business under a war-revenue act or addressed to me and dated December 3 of this year. He says: any other act. We were after the revenue which the Government ADAM SCHANTZ RIVERSIDE BREWERY, was entitled to. At the same time we are not engaged in any Dayton, Ohio, D ecember 3, 1900. Hon.S.E.PAYNE, • moral reform or crusade. In apportioning these taxes on the dif­ Chairman Comm i ttee on Ways and Means, Washington, D. C.: ferent industries and the different people of the country we have DEAR Srn: The following, quoting Mr.Joe Miller, of Cincinnati, Ohio (sec­ looked at it as a business proposition. In making these changes retary Ohio Brewers' Association), taken from the Cincinnati Commercial­ in the war-revenue act the committee has sought to do even· Gazette, explains itself: handed justice to all interests. "WHAT THE WAR TAX WILL DO IF THAT TAX IS NOT REPEALED. We think that before another dollar iB taken off beer there are "Said Mr. Miller this eve~g: · other taxes on this schedule that should be reduced more than the "•It will mean that the small brewers will be forced out of the business, and the industry will be in the hands of a monopoly; there are some 300 30 per cent that was reduced upon this tax upon beer. The total breweries in the hands of receivers, and there is no line of industry in the additional tax is 85 cents. Thirty per cent of that is 25t cents. country which shows such a percentage.'" We have a reduction of 25 cents a barrel by this bill. Now, Mr. In my judgment, there was never a. more deceiving statement made than appears in those few lines. I claim the contrary. The smaller brewers, of Speaker, I submit to the House and to the committee with confi­ whom I am one, never feared t.he war tax half as much as the unfair com­ dence that we have done the right thing and gone to the last dollar petitors. It is more the fault of the big brewers, who for years have forced that we should go in this bill in the reduction of war revenue. their beer into the neighborhood of their smaller competitors at such ruin­ ous prices and methods, that the smaller brewer wa.s unable to compete. The minority of the committee say that we should make a reduc­ These big brewers have for years bought real estate in the cities before the tion of $70,000,000. They do not give any reason for it. They do 1900.· CONG-RESSIONA·L RECORD-:ijOUSE. 251 not present any bill to the House in their report as a substitute for Mr. PAYNE. Yes. the one we have presented here. Mr. BOUTELL of Tilinois. In other words, estimating our It is only a short time agQ that the minority of the co~mittee expenditures for 1902 on the basis of 1901, the surplus under this contended that all this war-revenue tax should go, and m place law would be $109,000,000, and six months of 1901 are still on the thereof there should be an income tax to be levied upon the in­ basis of the estimation. Taking the actual expenses of the year comes of the country, overlooking the fact that there is now upon just closed, the estimated expenses for 1902 are over $100,000,000 the statute books the Wilson income-tax law, which has never in excess of the actual expenses oft.he year 1900, which, with the been repealed because the decision of the Supreme Court bas de­ difference of the $26,000,000 estimated surplus, makes for 1902, stroyed it, and forgetting that if the new income-tax law went under this law, provided we kept our expenses within that of last before the Supreme Court to-day, they would have the same court year, 1900, a surplus of $126,000,000. Would it not? and the same decision that they had on the Wilson bill. Why, Mr. PAYNE. I am not a lightning calculator, but I presume they have even dared to pose before the country-a portion of the gentleman's figures are correct. them-in favor of going into a lawsuit to raise revenues to supply Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. So that the $126,000,000 for the year the deficiencies in the Treasury which the $105,000,000 reduction 1902 added to the $80,000,000 for 1901 and to the $80,000,000 for would leave, in order to get enough revenue to run the Govern­ 1900 would leave a surplus in the Treasury, if this law was in force, ment. of $286,000,000 on the 30th of June, 1902? Well, now, this side does not believe in any such financial legis­ Mr. PAYNE. With all your ifs, yes. lation as that. They propose in their report to take more of the Mr. BOUT ELL of lliinois. If we cut this war-revenue taxation tax off beer. They gave no reason for it; and they would take $40,000,000 and the reduction goes into effect the 1st of next Jan­ the tax off tobacco until they reduce the revenue by $70,000,000. uary, in the eighteen months between that time and July 1, 1902, I do not know but what that is the Democratic doctrine. I re­ we take out $60,000,000 and we would have a surplus of $236,000,- member under the Wilson bill that we met a deficiency every 30th 000, if this law were to remain in force, on the 30th of June, 1902? day of June. I do not know but what that is the fi.Ilancing of the Mr. PAYNE. Is that all? Democratic party when they come in here to-day and ask us to Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. No; that was just prelimin~ry-­ face a deficiency in June, 1902, by taking off $70,000,000 of revenue. Mr. PAYNE. I want to answer your question when you get Oh, they say, the revenues are increasing. Yes, but the in­ through. creased revenue is because of the increased prosperity of the coun­ Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. I am endeavoring to elicit informa­ try. You have been predicting that the time would soon come tion which I think would be very axeptable to the House. On when that prosperity would cease. Still you propose to reduce page 12 of the Secretary's report, in making this estimate for 1902, th~ war taxation on the theory that that prosperityis to continue he places the military establishment-- during the next four years. Well, I believe it will, so far as our Mr. PAYNE. I do not think the gentleman ought to inject a domestic matters are concerned, and any internal arrangement speech here, because the House has granted me the courtesy of an confined to the people of this country. I believe it will continue extension, which I ought not to abuse. four years as it has in the past; but there may be some complica­ Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. I do not wish to trespass upon the tions abroad that will stop it, and you do not take that into con­ courtesy of the gentleman. sideration. Mr. PAYNE. If the question is not too long, I am perfectly I do noli want to see any deficit in the revenues of the country. willing to answer it. Gentlemen say you have a large surplus in the Treasury. So we Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. I do think we would all Jike to have, one hundred and forty millions; not all available-probably have a little fuller explanation in detail of these figurEB for the esti­ one hundred and twenty millions of it available. They say that mated expenditures for H?02. The estimate for the military es tab­ will be increased by the 30th of June. So it will. But is it a part lishment proper is one hundred and thirteen and a half _millions. of your statesmanship to foster and keep that in the Treasury Under public works there is an estimate for the military establish­ againat a future deficiency and then go to work deliberately and ment of fifty-one millions. What is that for? create that deficiency? Gentlemen must remember that this de­ Mr. PAYNE. That means rivers and harbors and fortifications. crease in the revenue laws does not begin until the first of the Mr. BOUTELL of lliinois. Then under" Miscellaneous " there next year, and it will operate only for a reduction upon the re­ is a further estimate of the War Department for five millions. mainder of the fiscal year and have small effect upon the amount What is that for? - of money in the Treasury up to the 30th of June next.. It is for Mr. P .l!.. YNE. I simply answer the gentleman that that is" mis­ the future that we are looking out. It is for the years 1902 and cellaneous." I can not answer the gentleman more definitely than 1903, and when we look to them I believe we have gone to the that. limit of safety in reducing the war taxes. We are unwilling for Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. The estimate for the naval estab­ the committee to go any further in that reduction and run any lishment is S70,800,000-S11 ,000,000 more than for 1901. risk on that account. Mr. PAYNE. I think that is very low. What are we going to do with the money in the Treasury? We Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. And under "Public works" there are going to adopt the good old-fashioned Republican way of pay­ is a further estimate of $16,000,000 for the Navy. Can the gentle­ ing debts with the money in the Treasury. man inform us what is covered by that $16,000,000 estimate? A MEMBER. Bonds are high. Mr. PAYNE. I do not know whether I can or not. I only Mr. PAYNE. Yes; but not as high as the interest we shall know that the two items represent the maintenance of the Navy­ have to pay if we keep the bonds out and keep paying the interest the expense of keeping ships in commission-the pay, and matters every year, and not receive any interest on the money._ If we of that kind, aIJ.d the increased construction in the Navy which I have too much in the Treasury, it is an easy way to pay off the explained at the beginning of my remarks, which will be very bonds and add it to the sinking fund. I hope to live to see the enor:mous during the coming fiscal year and the year follow­ day when all the indebtedness of the United States is wiped out in ing, on account of the passage of the bill last year, which the full, and we commence with a clean balance sheet. I never be­ gentleman will remember, and on account of the contract for lieved that a national debt was a national blessing any more than armor plate. a private debt is a private blessing. Mr. STEELE. And for manning the vessels that_go into com­ A MEMBER. Would you go in to the market and buy the bonds? mission. Mr. PAYNE. Yes; as we have always done, by fixing the Mr. PAYNE. Yes; of course. There is, I will say, a large in­ price that we would pay for the bonds. We have done that be­ crease in the es ti mate for sailors, etc., for manning the vessels­ fore and the country has approved of it, [Applause.] a very large increase. It has been estimated that the cost on this Mr. Bou TELL of Illinois rose. account will be doubled. I do not say that that is the official The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman from New York yield estimate of the Department, but officers of the Navy say that there to the gentleman from I~linois? ought to be double the number of men now in service to take Mr. PAYNE. I will. care of the ships we now have. The Secretary does not estimate Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. I did not wish to interrupt the for doubling the number of men, but for a large increase in that gentleman during the discussion, but I would like to ask one or force; and it would seem to be imperative that the force be in­ two questions in reference to these estimates. As I understand creased, if we are to take care of the vessels. from the figc.res of the Secretary of the Treasury, which the com­ Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. .There is another quite substantial mittee have adopted, the expenditures estimated for 1902 are item that does not appear in the report of 1900 or 1901, and that $83 ,000,000 in excess of the estimated expenditures for 1901, leaving is the miscellaneous item of $27, 000, 000 after the full es ti mates for an estimated surplus of_ only $26,000,000 for the year 1902. all the departments of the Government. Is there any informa­ Mr. PAYNE. I think the gentleman is right in round numbers. tion as to that large item? Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. So, if we should base our expend­ Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I want to say that the fiscal year itures for the year 1902 upon the estimate for 1901, this law re­ 1900 has passed into history; we know what we have paid and maining in force, it would show a surplus of $109,000,000 for the what we have received in that year. The fiscal year 1901 does not year 1902. _ end until the 30th of next June. The appropriations have already 252 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-· HOUSE. DECE:MBER 11,

been made except the deficiency appropriations, and the time has A MEMBER. Why? arrived when those deficiency estimates can be made with a great Mr. PAYNE. Because there would not be enough of it left to deal of accuracy. pay the cost of the operation. Because the expenditures which I do not think the Secretary of the Treasury will be found much will necessarily continue for some time, and which the report of out of the way in his estimates for the expenses of 1901. The year Governor Dingley so ably dea s with, will necessarily go on for has so far programed; the appropriations have been made; he a long time. For instance, we must have 50,00 men on account knows what the Congress has done in the way of general appro­ of the war. It will take almost the entire $65,000,000 surplus to priations; and the deficiencies have been so nearly estimated for, pay for that expenditure alone. In addition to this it would not that he can not be very far out of the way in his estimates of pay the interest on the public debt outstanding. I answer my 1901. In reading the Postmaster-General's report the other day I friend, therefore, that we can not pursue the policy of using the saw a discrepancy between that and the report of the Secre.tary of war revenue to retire the bonds, because war expenditures will the Treasury. I thought that the Postmaster-General would use it all, and more. I do believe, though. that when the last act really need more funds than he estimated for during the current of Congress remits the ta-x proposed, constituting the most of this year. But that is a matter of but small moment. war revenue, there may be found wme tax there that Congress I think there is liable to be au increase rather than a decrease of will see fit to continue definitely, permanently, as a means of these deficiencies for this year. As to the next year, as I said in raising revenue for the Government. the opening of my remarks, what will be the expenses and what The necessity of that system, and the value of it, was establi hed will be the revenues is somewhat problematical. Should the fig­ during the civil war. It was found that there were many taxes ures increase in the customs and internal revenues, and should then imposed as war taxes which were good taxes to continue in the figures show an increase upon the item of postal receipts, which time of peace. But what they will be, where they will strike, how I believe will be the case, 1 think there may be an increase of they will be levied-I have not studied the question and am unable 825,000,000; but I believe the natural growth of the country will to ay. But many of the revenues raised by the Government in absorb that increase in increased expenditure. times of peace originated in the time of the civil war. It should In addition to the expenses of this year we have the expenses for be remembered that at that time we also bad a higher tariff. We the construction of the Navy, which will be as heavy in 1902,and had the Morrill tariff in operation, the highest tariff that we had heavier than they have ever been in our history, owing to the ever had in the history of the country. We had the beer tax, and contracts recently made for armor plate and the bids recently that was continued in time of peace; we had the whisky tax, and opened for this large increase in the Navy authorized by the last that was kept up-a tax which originated during the civil war­ naval bill, the larger portion of which expenditure will come in and I mjgbt refer to many other taxes of the same character. the years 1902 and 1903. Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. Will the gentleman from Mr. LACEY. How much of this increase is due to the fact that New York yield to me for a question? we have suspended work on the Navy for the last two years? Mr. PAYNE. Of course. Mr. PAYNE. I have not figured that out. Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. TheSecretary of the Treas'­ Mr. LACEY. That would make a considerable item, would it ury shows that the receipts for the year 1900 were, in round num· not? bers $669,000,000, and that we had a surplus of 579,000,000. Now, Mr. PAYNE. It would amount to a very large sum; tens of for the present year the receipts will be 6 7,000,000 and the sur­ millions. p '. us eighty million. For 1902 the same Secretary estimates the In addition to these other expenses we shall have to remove receipts to be seven hundred and sixteen million-a very large in­ 65,000 troops from the Philippine Islands to this country and give crease, as the gentleman will see. them two months' extra pay. On the lstof Jnlynextwebavegot Mr. PAYNE. Yes; larger than we will probably receive. to bring them home, and I believe the law has already provided Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. Now, what I wanted to ask for giving them two months' extra pay. That would involve a the gentleman was, Why~ with a revenue of six hundred and large expenditure. In addition to that we must recruit 75,000 sixty-nine millions at one time, we bad a SUIJ>lus of seventy-nine men to take the place of those whose terms of enlistment will expire. millb ns: with receipts of six hundred and eighty-seven millions It will require much money to equip these new troops and carry at another time, we had a surplus of eighty millions; and yet, them to the Philippine Islands. A part of this increase is calcu­ with an estimated revenue of seven hundred and sixteen millions, lated upon that vast expenditure. I notice that the estimate for we are only to have twenty-six millions surplus in 1902? Will the the military establishment-that is, for taking care of the 100,000 gentleman explain that? men-is practically the same for 1901 and 1\:J02. The increased Mr. PAYNE. It is evident the gentleman from Tennessee items of expenditure estimated by the Secretary of War and the wants to anticipate his speech-- Secretary of the Navy are based largely upon these items. Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. Oh, no. Mr. GAINES. Will the gentleman yield to me for a question? Mr. PAYNE (continuing). And I wish to say to him that I Mr. PAYNE. Certainlv. . have gone over this ground twice, fully and thoroughly, and if :M:r. GAINES. I would. like to ask the gentleman if he can in­ the gent!eman did me the honor to listen be would have had an form the committee how much it costs to bring a soldier home answer to his question already. from the Philippines or to take one there? Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. But the gentleman from Mr. PAYNE. I can not. New York is so able and so co·urteous that I wanted to see if I Mr. GAINES. Now, Mr. Chairman, a few minutes ago the gen­ understood him thoroughly. tleman said that a national debt was not a national blessing, and Mr. PAYNE. I do not think I ought to take up any more of he hoped sooner or later to see the entire national debt wiped out. the t ime .of the committee, and will not endeavor to repeat the I agree with him in that. But would not that "be an operation speech or that part of it to which the gentleman refers. It will be that would require the payment of all of the outstanding bonds? published in the RECORD, alJ.d the gentleman can read it in the Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. quiet of the afternoon at his leisure, and I am satisfied he will Mr. GAINES. Then what becomes of you.r national banking find his questions answered fully. system? Mr. LEVY. I would like to ask the gentleman from New l\1r. PAYNE. Oh, well, we will construct a banking bill when York a question before he resumes his-seat. the time comes. W...B will cross the bridge when we reach it. Mr. PAYNE. Very well. The gentleman need have no apprehension that we will not make Mr. LEVY. Do you th1nk it wise policy to pay the bonded in· one which will be satisfactory to the business interests of the debtedness of the United States-I mean buying the bonds of the - country, if we are in power. United States-at high prices, and for that purpose use the sur· . Mr. GAINES. So, then, the gentleman admits that he must plus fund that may be iri the Treasury? construct another banking system to take the place of this one if Mr. PAYNE. I think when we have a surplus not collected we were fortunate enough to get rid of the national debt? from the war-revenue act-because there never was a moment Mr. PAYNE. Oh, yes; the gentleman can leave it safely to when that act was sufficient to meet all of the ordinary expenses the Republican party to do the work. of the war, except possibly during the last three or four months­ Mr. GAINES. But the national banks can not live, according to and when we havQ a large surplus in the Treasury coming from the gentleman's own showing, without a public debt. the original Dingley bill, it is wise for the Government of the Mr. BOUTELL of Illinois. I wi h, Mr. Chairman, to thank the U n.ited St.ates to buy the bonds at any price, less than the principal gentleman in charge of the bill for his cou1·tesyinexplainingthese and interest which we will be required to pay, and turn them into items, but it seems to me that the estimated surplus for 1902 is the sinking fund. I trnst that answers the question of the gentle­ very low. man. Now, I wish to ask one more question-whether I understood Mr. LEVY. Do you claim that the entire surplus has resulted him correctly to say that he approved of the use of the surplus from the Dingley bill? resulting from the war-revenue tax for the purpose of retiring the Mr. PAYNE. I claim there has not been a time when the war4 outstanding bonds of the Government. Would the gentleman ad­ revenue bill has ever paid the expenses of running the war, except, vocate that policy? perhaps, in the last six months. Mr. PAYNE. There is no danger of it. We can not do it. Mr. STEELE. Not then; not by a good deal. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE. 253

Mr. PAYNE. I do not think there has ever been a time when Wilmington Harbor, North Carolina-to the C.ommittee on Rivers · it has paid the expenses of the war, and Harbors, and ordered to be printed. [Mr. PAYNE here resumed his seat, amid applause on the Repu b­ A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting a letter from lican side.] the Chief of Ordnance, with copy of a report relating to reappro­ MESSAGE FROl\I THE PRESIDENT. p1iation for repairs at Springfield Armory-to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. The committee informally rose; and Mr. LACEY having taken A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy the chair as Speaker pro tempore, sundry messages, in writing, of a communication from the Supervising Architect submitting from the President of the United States were communicated to the an estimate of appropriation for rental at Indianapolis, Ind.-to House by Mr. PRUDEN, one of his secretaries. the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. WAR REVENUE. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy The committee resumed its session. of a communication from the Secretary of State submitting an estimate of appropriation for increase of salary of United States [Mr. SWANSON addressed the committee. See Appendix.] consul at Port Stanley, Falkland Islands-to the Committee on Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Chairman. I desired to offer some re- Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. marks upon the pending measure, but by reason of the fact that .A. letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting a copy of a we have been informed by the representative of the Doorkeeper letter from the Quartermaster-General of the Army concerning that it is important they should now have the use of the Hall for the proposed transfer of certain temporary buildings on lands the purpose of decoration, I move, therefore. that the committee owned by the Convent of Mary Immaculate, at Key West-to the rise. Committee on Military Affairs, and ordered to be printed. The motion was agreed to. . A letter from the Secretary of War. transmitting, with a letter The committee accordingly i·ose; and the Speaker having re­ from the Chief of Engineers, report of examination and survey of sumed the chair, Mr. HEPBURN reported that the Committee of Brunswick outer bar, Georgia-to the Committee on Rivers and the Whole House on the st.ate of the Union having had under con­ Harbors, and ordered to be printed. sideration the bill H. R. 12i394, had come to no resolution thereon. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmittin~, with a letter from the Chief of Engineers, report of examination and survey of CO?tf:!IITTEE ON WESTPOINT INVESTIGATION. Warrior and Tombigbee rivers, Alabama-to the Committee on The SPEAKER. The Chair snbmits the following appoint­ Rivers and Harbors, and ordered to be printed. ments, which the Clerk will read. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy The Clerk read as follows: of a communication from the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics Special Committee of Investigation under the resolution adopted by the submitting a modification of an estimate of appropriation for pur­ House Decl\mber U, 1900: chase of books- to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered Mr. MARSH, Mr. W .ANGER, Mr. SMITH of Iowa., Mr. DRIGGS, and Mr. CLAY­ to be printed. TON of New York. CLAIM OF BENJAMIN WEIL. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy of acommunication from the Secretary of the Interior submitting The SPEAKER laid before the House a message from the Presi­ an estimate of appropriation for engraving and printing geological dent of the United States; which, with the accompanying papers, maps-to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be was ordered to be printed, and referred to the Committee on For­ printed. eign Affairs, as follows: To the Senate and House of Representatives: REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND I tl'ansmit herewith a report from the Secretary of State, with accompany­ ing papers, showing the return to the Government of Mexico of the unex­ RESOLUTIONS. pended balance of the award in favor of Benjamin Weil, made by the United Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr. LITTLEFIELD, from the States and Mexican Claims Commission, established under the convention of July 4, 1868. Committee on the Judiciary, to which was referred the bill of WILLIAM McKINLEY. the House (H. R. 12447) to amend an act approved June 1, A. D. EXECUTIVE MANSION, 1900, entitled "An act t-0 create the southern division of the south­ TVashington, December 11, 1900. ern district of Iowa for judicial purposes, and to fix the time and STATUE OF LAFAYETTE. place for holding court therein,'' reported the same with amend­ ment, accompanied by a report (No. 2017); which said bill and re­ The SPEAKER also laid before the House the follow1ng mes­ port were referred to the House Calendar. sage from the President of the United States: To the Senate and House of Representatives: . I transmit herewith a report from the Secretary of State, with accom­ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND panying papers, respecting the unveiling at Paris, France, on Jnly 4, 1900, of RESOLUTIONS. the statue of Lafayette provided by the contributions of school children of the United States. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr. MAHON, from the Committee WILLIAM McKINLEY. on War Claims, tow hich was referred the bill of the House (H. R. EXECUTIVE MANSION, 12257) for the relief of the heirs of A. T. Hensley! reported the Washington, December 11.1900. -same without amendment, accompanied by a. report (No. 2019); Tbe .message and accompanying papers were ordered to be which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. printed, and referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now ad­ CHANGE OF REFERENCE. journ, as I understand it is necessary in order to clear ont the Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged from Hall and get ready for to-morrow. I believe the understanding is the consideration of bills of the following titles; which were there­ that the adjournment is until 3.15 to-morrow. upon referred as follows: The motion was agreed to. A bill (H. R. 12294) granting a pension to Lottie M. V. Ran­ Accordingly (at 3· o'clock and 4 minutes p.m.) the House ad· kins-Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred to journed·until to-morrow at 3.15 p. m. the Committee on Pensions.

EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS. PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND :MEMORIALS Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, the following executive com­ INTRODUCED. munications were taken from the Speaker's table and refen-ed as Under clause 3 of Rule XXlI, bills, resolutions, and memorials follows: of the following titles were introduced and severally referred, as A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a letter follows: from the Chief of Engineers, blue-print copies of two charts to By Mr. FLETCHER: A bill (H. R. 12603) to remodel and ex­ accompany Colonel Smith's estimates for improvement of Cleve­ tend the United States post-office at Minneapolis, .Minn.-to the land Barbor-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, and or­ Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. dered to be printed. By Mr. DAVIS: A bill (H. R. 12609) providing for the erection A letter from the Secretary of ·War, transmitting, with a letter of a public building at the city of Fernandina, Fla., and for other from the Chief of Engineers, report relative to a suit against J.E. purposes-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. · Turtle, United States assistant engineer-to the Committee on By Mr. WILSON of New York: A bill (H. R.12610) for a sur­ Claims, and ordered to be printed. vey of the present channel leading from the wharves at Canarsie, A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting reports of tests N. Y., to the Atlantic Ocean-to the Committee on Rivers and of iron, et.c., at Watertown Arsenal during the fiscal year ended Harbors. June 30, 1900-to the Committee on Military Affairs, and ordered By Mr. MONDELL: A bill (H. R.12611) to amend chapter 559 to be printed. of the Revised Statutes of the United States, approved March 3, A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a letter 1891-to the Committee on the Public Lands. from the Chief of Engineers, report.. of examination and survey of Also, a bill (H. R. 12612) allowing settlers in Wyoming and 254 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. DEOEMBER 11,

South Dakota the free use of timber on certain lands for domestic By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: A bill (H. R.12643) granting purposes-to the Committee on the Public Lands. an increase of pension to Mary Morely-to the Committee on In­ By Mr. CORLISS: A bill (H. R. 12613) to provide for the estab­ valid Pensions. lishment of the most advantageous level for navigable purposes By Mr. RUCKER: A bill (H. R. 12644) granting an increase of the waters of Lake Erie and tributary streams by international of pension to John T. Mayhugh-to the Committee on Invalid agreement, and to promote commerce-to the Committee on Rivers Pensions. · and Harbors. Also, a bill (H. R.12645) granting an increase of pension to John By Mr. BELLAMY: A bill (H. R. 12614) to amend the national A. Smith-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. banking law so as to permit national banks to consider and treat Also, a bill (H. R. 12646) to reimburse Louis Benecke for arms their surplus as capital in the restrictions on loans-to the Commit- furnished the United States-to the Committee on War Claims. tee on Banking and Currency. · Also, a bill (H. R.12647) to correct the military record of John By Mr. MILLER: A bill (H. R. 12615) for the relief of the P. Griffith-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Kickapoo tribe of Indians in Oklahoma Territory-to the Commit­ By Mr. SLAYDEN: A bill (H. R. 12648) for the relief" of H. D. tee on Indian Affairs. Bonnet-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. OTEY: A resolution (H. Res. 314) relating to electrical By Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH: A bill (H. R. 12649) granting signals in the Honse-to the Committee on Rules. an increase of pension to J. W. Forbes-to the Committee on In- By Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts: A memorial of the valid Pensions. · legislature of the State of Massachusetts, relative to the purchase By Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 12650) granting of Temple Farm and Moore House, at Yorktown, Va., by the an increase of pension to Emma Foote Glenn-to the Committee United States Government-to t?e Committee on Military Affairs. on Pensions. · By Mr. SULLOWAY: A bill (H. R.12651) granting an increase of pension to Nathan H. Metcalf-to the Committee on Invalid PRIVAT~ BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. p~~OOfu ' Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of Also, a bill (H. R. 12652) granting a pension to Erma G. Har­ the following titles were introduced and severally refeITed as vey-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. follows: By l\ir. THAYER: A bill (H. R. 12653) granting a pension to By Mr. ADAMSON: A bill (H. R. 12616) granting an increase Simeon C. Chandler-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of pension to Nancy T. Hardy-to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 12654) to remove the charge of desertion from By Mr. BAILEY of Kansas: A bill (H. R. 12617) granting an the military record of Peter Tatro, alias John Goodro-to the increase of pension to A. C. Noland-to the Committee on Invalid Committee on Military Affairs. Pensions. By Mr. YOUNG: A bill (H. R. 12655) granting an increase of By Mr. CALDWELL: A bill (H. R. 12618) granting a pension pension to Henry Wagner, late of Company D, Seventh New Jer­ to John Dorrow-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sey Volunteers-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. COONEY: A bill (H: R. 12619) granting a pension to By Mr. NAPHEN: A bill (H. R. 12656) granting a pension to Christian Schwarz-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. James F. Merrill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. CROMER: A bill (H. R.12620) granting an increase of Also, a bill (H. R. 12657) granting a pension to Rebecca Moore­ pension to John P. C. Shanks-to the Committee on Invalid Pen- to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sions. . Also, a bill (H. R. 12658) to remove charge of desertion from By Mr. CURTIS: A bill (H. R. 12621) granting an increase of record of Thomas E. Kittridge-to the Committee on Military pension to Leander Smith-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 12622) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill ( H. R. 12659) to remove charge of desertion from John B. Kurth-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. James O'Neill-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 12623) granting an increase of pension to John Prescott-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 12624) granting an increase of pension to PETITIONS, ETC. Tunis J. Roosa-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers Also, a bill (H. R. 12625) for the relief of Joseph Ritter-to the were laid on the Clerk's desk and refen-ed as follows: Committee on Milit.ary Affairs. By the SPEAKER: Petition of L. M. Drye, commander Grand Also, a bill (H. R.12626) granting a pension to Jesse Johnson­ Army of the Republic, Department of Kentucky, indorsing House to the Committee on Pensions. bill No. 5779, relating to appointments in the Government serv­ By l\ir. DAVIS: A bill (H. R.12627) for the relief of Edward S. ice-to the Committee on Reform in the Civil Service. Crill-to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. BINGHAM: Resolutions of Quaker City Chapter, By Mr. EMERSON: A bill (H. R. 12628) for the relief of Eli8ha Daughters of the American Revolution, Philadelphia, Pa., in favor W. Cook-to the Committee on Military Affairs. of legislation transferring the present mint building to the city of By Mr. HAUGEN: A bill (H. R. 12629) granting a pension to Philadelphia-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. John Lossing-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. UALDWELL: PapertoaccompanyHouse bill granting By Mr. HITT: A bill (H. R. 12630) to authorize Herbert W. an increase of pension to John Dorrow-to the Committee on Bowen, minister resident and consul-general of the United States Invalid Pensions. to Persia, to accept a decoration from the Shah of Persia-to the By Mr. EMERSON: Papers to accompany House bill for the Committee on Foreign Affairs. relief of Elisha W. Cook-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. JOHNSTON: Abill (H. R.12631) forthereliefofG. W. By Mr. GRAHAM: Petition of R. F. Reidand other citizens of Ratleff-to the Committee on War Claims. Glenshaw and Sholer Township, Allegheny County, Pa., in favor By Mr. JOY: A bill (H. R. 12632) granting an increase of pen­ of the anti-polygamy amendment to the Constitution-to the Com­ sion to James Conley-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. KERR of" Maryland: A bill (H. R. 12633) for the relief Also, resolutions of the Chamber of Commerce of New. York, of James G. James and William J. Thomas, surviving executor of urging the passage of a bill authorizing the Secretary of the Treas­ Edward Thomas-to the Committee on War Claims. ury to exchange gold coin for any other money coined by the By Mr. LAWRENCE: A bill (H. R. 12634) granting a pension United States whenever it may be necessary to do so-to the Com.. to Helen M. Evans-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Banking and Currency. Also, a bill (H. R. 12635) granting a. pension to Alfred Bird-to By Mr. HITT: Petition of citizens of Cedarville, ID., favoring the Committee on Invalid Pensions. uniform marriage and divorce laws-to the Committee on the By Mr. McDOWELL: A bill (H. R. 12636) granting a pension Judiciary. to Nicholas Montag-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. LEVY: Resolutions of the Produce Exchange of New By Mr. NEEDHAM: A bill (H. R. 12637) granting a pension to York, advocating an appropriation for the improvement of But­ Emily Drake-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. termilk Channel-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. By Mr. NORTON of Ohio:· A bill (H. R. 12638) granting an in­ By Mr. McALEER: Protest of the Universal Peace Society crease of pension to Timothy B. Lehane-to the Committee on against an increase of the United States Army-to the Committee Invalid Pensions. on Military Affairs. By Mr. PEARRE: A bill (H. R. 12689) granting an increase of By Mr. McDOWELL: Petition of Nicholas Montag to accom­ pension to John Brown-to the Committee on Invalid Pen8ions. pany House bill granting him a pension-to the Committee on . Also, a bill (H. R. 12640) granting an increase of pension to Invalid Pensions. William H. Johnston-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. McRAE: Petition of Ex-Slave Association, No. 1083, of By Mr. RAY of New York: A bill (H. R. 12641) for the relief Harwood, Ark., asking for bounty and pension-to the Commit­ of Frederick R. Smith-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. tee on Pensions. . By Mr. RIXEY: A bill (H. R.12642) for the relief of the sur­ Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 12589, granting a viving executors of Anna Maria Fitzhugh, deceased-to the Com· pensi_on to Lucinda. E. Howard-to the Committee on Invalid mittee on War Claims. Pensions. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 255

By Mr. MILLER: Resolutions of the Methodist Episcopal The Senate returned to its Chamber at 6 o'clock and 19 minutes Church of Cherokee, Kans., favoring the exclusion of slavery, p.m. rifles, and the liquor traffic in Africa-to the Committee on For­ Mr. HALE. I move that the Senate adjourn. eign Affairs. The motion was agreed to; and (at 6 o'clock and 2-0 minutes Also, petition of Rev. Pallett, J, B. Odair, C. E. Terry, and p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-mon-ow, Thursday, December other citizens of Lyon County, Kans., favoring the passage of 13, 1900, at 11 o clock a. m. the Crumpacker bill-to the Committee on the Census. By Mr. NORTON of Ohio: Papers to accompany House bill granting an increase of pension to Timothy B. Lehane-to the Com­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. mittee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. RICHARDSON of Alabama: Petition of the heirs of WEDNESDAY, December.12, 1900. Bolling Byrd, deceased, late of Lawrence County, Ala., for refer­ The House met, pursuant to adjournment, at 3 o'clock and 15 ence of war claim to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on minutes p. m., and was called to order by the Speaker, the Hon. WarClaims . . DAVID B. HE..'IDERSON. Also, petition of Susan King, administratrix of Meredith King, On taking the chair the Speaker was greeted with the applause deceased, of Jackson County, Ala. , for reference of war claim to of members. the Court of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. The Chaplain, Rev. HENRY N. COUDEN, D. D., offered the fol­ By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Petition of Woman'sMissionary lowing prayer: Society of the Presbyterian Church of Lima, Ind., by Mary W. We bless Thee, our Father in heaven, for our country, its incom­ Cooper, Mary H. Orton, and Ella W. Nash, in favor of an amend­ parable past, its vast resources, its magnificent proportions, and the ment to the Constitution against polygamy-to the Committee on promise of its perpetuity and future glory; for this beautiful city, the Judiciary. the seat of our Government, which through all the vicissitudes of By Mr. SHERMAN: Petition of wholesale grocers of Albany, the past has added to its proportions until it promises.to be not Troy, Utica, and other cities in the State of New York for the re­ only the most beautiful, but the most interesting and influential peal of the war revenue on tea-to the Committee on ·vvays and city in all the world. Means. · We invoke Thy blessing upon the exercises of the day which By Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota: Petition of citizens of Taylors commemorates its hundredth anniversary. We are not unmind­ Falls, Minn., against the establishment of the parcel-post system­ ful of the struggles, the sacrifices, the heroic deeds of our fathers, to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. who laid the foundation of our Government deep and strong and Also, petition of M. S. Scott, of St. Paul, Minn., favoring anti­ broad, and that eternal vigilance is the price of liberty. polygamy amendment to the Constitution-to the Committee on Help us to emulate the virtues of our fathers; to be watchful, the Judiciary. zealous, patriotic, that we may grow to yet vaster proportions. By Mr. SULZER: Resolutions of the Chamber of Commerce of g-reater usefulness and influence, and Thine shall be the praise New York, urging the improvement of Buttermilk Channel-to Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap­ By Mr. THAYER: Petition of Simon C. Chandler, to accom­ proved. pany House bill granting him a pension-to the Committee on CAPITAL CENTENNIAL EXERCISES. Invalid Pensions. By Mr. ZENOR: Petition of J. W. Daugherty, D. W. Steven­ This being the time appointed by law for a joint convention of son, Levi Wiser, and other citizens of Indiana, to accompany the Senate and House of Representatives to celebrate the one House· bill granting a pension to John W. Daugherty-to the hundredth anniversary of the establishment of the permanent Committee on Invalid Pensions. seat of government in the District of Columbia and of the first session of Congress held in the permanent capital, At 3 o'clock and 30 minutes p. m. appeared- The President pro tempore and the Senate of the United States. SENATE. The Chief Justice and associate justices of the Supreme Court. The ambassadors and ministers to the United States. WEDNESDAY, December 12, 1900. The governors of the several States and Territories and-their The Senate met at 3 o'clock p. m. staffs. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. The President of the United States and the members of his Cabinet. · HOUR OF MEETING TO-MORROW. The SPEAKER. In pursuance of a message from the Presi:­ l\Ir. LODGE. Mr. President, I move that when the Senate ad­ dent, and legislation that followed, provision was made for the journ to-day it adjourn to meet at 11 o'clock to-morrow. I make centennial celebration of tile first session of Congress in the city the motion because the Senator from Ohio rMr. HANNA] desires of Washington, and of the locating of the seat of government in to address the Senate to-morrow on the subsidy bill, and as we this city and District. Committees duly appointed in pursuance have a special order for 3 o'clock, it is necessary to get the extra of this legislation have made out a programme for the exercises hour in order to dispose of that and other business. on this day. Under that programme we are assembled here, and The motion was agreed to. it is made the duty of the Speaker of the House to call this assem­ CENTEXN IAL CELEBRATION AT WASHINGTO~. b]y to order, and to ask the Rev. Dr. MILBURN, Chaplain of the Mr. HALE. While waiting for notice from the House of Rep­ United States Senate, to offer prayer. resentatives that it is ready to receive the Senate, I will ask the The Chaplain of the Senate, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D., offered Senate to remain for a short time without taking a recess. The the following prayer: · message will be here in a few moments, undoubtedly. We prai&_e Thee, we worship Thee, we give thanks to Thee, 0 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Petitions and memorials are Lord God, Heavenly King, God the Father Almighty. in order. If there be non£\ reports of committees are in order. Thus have Thy people in all ages of our era chanted or said the Mr. Al ONEY. I thought when we adjourned yesterday to meet angels' song; and we, in this latest birth of time, come to join our to-day it was the understanding that no business would be trans­ hearts and voices in this latest ascription of honors to Thee. Espe­ acted. Am I mistaken about that order? cially are we moved to this devotion when we behold the marvels The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair is informed that which Thou hast wrought in this our country within the last hun­ the Journal does not show it. dred years; a nation of 3,000,000 people, huddled in lowly places Mr. CULLOM. That was the understanding. of residence, grown to well-nigh fourscore millions and one of the Mr. HALE. It was undoubtedly the understanding of the powers of the earth; and this city, from an insignificant and al­ Senate that no business should be transacted to-day, as the other most squalid village, grown to be one of the fairest and stateliest body does no business to-day, because it was made a legal holiday. capitals of the world, challenging the admiration and the homage Therefore I hope that no formal business will ce received. of all well-informed and traveled people. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, that will For these Thy gifts and the promises which they contain, we be the order. join in the angels' song- After a delay of ten minutes,· Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men. The PRESIDENT pro tempore (at 3 o'clock and 22 minutes And now we humbly ask Thy blessing upon this notable assem­ p. m.). The Chair is informed that the messenger from the other bly; upon the first and most eminent citizen of the land, our hon­ House is now here. ored President, and the members of his official family; upon the Mr. HALE. I move that the Senate proceed to the Hall of the Chief Justice and associate justices of the Supreme Court; upon House of Representatives, there to take part in the ceremonials the President and all members of the Senate; upon the. Speaker of the day. and all members of the House of Representatives; upon the chief The motion was agreed to; and the Senate' proceeded to the men of the Army and the Navy of the country; upon the gather­ Ha.11 of the House of Representatives. ing of governors, the heads of the sovereign States of this great