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University of Northern Iowa University of Northern Iowa Esperanto Source: The North American Review, Vol. 184, No. 608 (Feb. 1, 1907), pp. xvii-xxxii Published by: University of Northern Iowa Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25105787 Accessed: 13-02-2015 22:42 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of Northern Iowa is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The North American Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 165.193.178.94 on Fri, 13 Feb 2015 22:42:34 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ESPERANTO.* GRAMMAR.?LESSON IV. Numerals.?The Cardinal numbers are:? Unu, 1: du, 2; tri, 3; levar, 4; levin, 5; ses, 6; sep, 7; oi;, 8; na?, 9 ; de??, 10 ; cent, 100 ; mil, 1,000 ; miliono, 1,000,000. From these all other numbers are formed, thus:? Dele unu, 11; dele sep, 17; dudele, 20; oledele, 80; tridele du, 32; sepdele levin, 75; na?dele nail, 99; ducent, 200; olecent, 800; tricent dudele ole, 328; rai7 olecent sepdele du, 1872. Ordinals are formed by adding -a to the above. Unu-a, first; M'-a^ third; ?Ze/?;-a^ tenth. These can be used as adverbs by substituting -e. Unu-e, firstly; du-e, secondly; dele-e, tenthly. Fractions are formed by means of the suffix -on. Du-ono, the half; sep-ono, the seventh; du trionoj, two-thirds (2/3) ; unu oleono. one-eighth. Multiples are formed by the suffix -oil. Du-obl-a, double; tri-obl-a, triple. " " "Once," twice," thrice," etc., are formed by adding foje to the Cardinals?unu-foje, once; du-foje, twice; tri-foje, thrice. Suffixes.?Eg denotes augmentation, increase. a a Domo, house. Dom-eg-o, mansion. Et denotes diminution, decrease. a a Domo, house. Dom,-et-o, cottage. II denotes a tool, an instrument. Razi, to shave. Raz-il-o, a razor. Povi, can, am able to; devi, must, have to, am to ; voli, to wish, to be willing, are followed (as in English) by the infinitive mood. Mi povas iri, I can (am able to) go. .Ni ne povos kanti, we shall not be able to sing. * The first instalment of these lessons appeared in the December 21st issue.?Ed. This content downloaded from 165.193.178.94 on Fri, 13 Feb 2015 22:42:34 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions xvjii THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. Li devas iri, he must go. Mi devis pagi, I had to pay. Si devus sJcribi, she ought to write (if that is so). Li volas danci, he wishes (is willing) to dance. Mi volus p?roli, I would like to speak (if I may). EXERCISE IV. Estas dek du monatoj1 en jaro,2 kvar semajnoj en monato kaj sep tagoj3 en semajno. Mi estas la unua en la kurso,4 vi estas la ?a?a, li estas dek-tria. Mi amas5 lin; car, unue, li estas honesta; due, li estas brava kaj fine,6 li estas bonega. La duono, triono kaj sesono de livro7 estas dudek silingoj.8 Si venis9 vidi min dufoje, sed li venis tre of te.10 Dekoble tri estas tridek. Li razas11 razilo. per12 Si trancas13 la panon14 per trancilo. La pordoj15 kaj la pordegoj de la kastelo estas fortaj.16 La libreto estas en la cambreto. .. Li povas sendi la monon17 morgau. Ou vi povos danci? J)iru al li, ke18 li devas pagi19 la kalkulon20 tuj. Ili devos iri21 al la urbo.22 Si volas vidi la regon. les23 libro estas tie.24 Kies25 capelo estas tie ci26? Nenies27 capelo estas tie ci. Oies28 afero29 estas kutime30 nenies afero. Ties31 domoj estas belaj. i month. 2 3 4 5 6 7 year. day. class. to love. finally. pound. 8 9 to come. 10 12 shilling. often, uto shave. with, by means of. 13 14 15 16 to cut. bread. door. strong. 17 money. 18 that. 19 to 20 21 22 pay. account. to go. city. 23 some one's. 24 there. 25 whose. 26 here. 27 no one's. 28 29 30 31 every one's. affair. usually. that one's, that person's. Pri la vizito1:?Bonan tagon2 (al vi) Mario. Cu vi venas por vidi viajn gekuzojn? Jes, onklino, eu ili estas dome3? Vi ilin trovos4 kredeble5 en la gardeno, ni iru tuj6 por vidi. Sed, kiam unue, estos la nasha datreveno7 de Hencjo? Kaj kioman agon8 li havas (a? kiom da jaroj li ha vas) ? Li estas dekvar jara, lia naskotago9 okazos10 la okan de junio. Mi tute11 kiam li forgesis12; iros sian lernejon13? Tuj kiam lia vestajo14 estos la pr?ta,15 patro tien alkondukos16 lin. Jen estas la infanoj, iii sajnas17 diveni18 vian ceeston kien ajn vi iras. 1 visit. 2 3 at home. 4 to find. 5 6 day. probably. immediately. 7 8 o 10 11 anniversary (birth). age. birthday. to happen. quite, ?2 to 13 14 15 16 forget. school. clothes. ready. to lead, conduct. 57 to seem, is to guess. This content downloaded from 165.193.178.94 on Fri, 13 Feb 2015 22:42:34 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ESPERANTO. XIX GRAMMAR.?LESSON V. Final -n.?When a noun or pronoun is the direct object of a transitive verb it takes, as we have already shown, final -n. This ending is sometimes used instead of a preposition to denote the following:? or a Io. Direction movement towards place. Li leuris en la gardenon, he ran into the garden. Kien li iras? Where is he going? Li iras Tjondonon, he is going to London. 2?. To mark the duration of an event. Li dormis ole horojn, he slept eight hours. Mi restos en Parizo tri tagojn. I shall stay in Paris three days. 3?. To denote dates, etc. Li alvenos lundon, he will arrive (on) Monday. Berlino, la duan (or, 2an) de Junio, 1905a. Berlin, the second (or, 2nd) of June, 1905. To etc. 4?. denote price, weight, measure, La libro leostis na? pencojn, the book cost 9 pence. La leastelo estas alta sesdele ole futojn. The castle is 68 feet high. Verb.?The form ending in -u, besides being used for the Im perative, is frequently employed to translate the Subjunctive. I wrote to him in order that he might come. Mi sleribis al li, por lee li ven-u. Suffixes.?Ig denotes "to make?," "to cause?." Pura, clean. Pur-ig-i, to cleanse, make clean. M orto, death. Mort-ig-i, to cause death, to kill. Bruli, to burn (intrans.). Brul-ig-i, to burn (trans.). " " " Ig denotes to become ?," to get ?," to grow ?." Rica, rich. Ric-ig-i, to become (get) rich. Malrica, poor. Malric-ig-i, to become poor. Matura, ripe. Matur-ig-i, to grow ripe, to ripen. " Id denotes the young of." Kato, cat. Kat-id-o, kitten. Safo, 2l sheep. Saf-id-o, a lamb. Bovo, an ox. Bov-id-o, a calf. This content downloaded from 165.193.178.94 on Fri, 13 Feb 2015 22:42:34 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions XX THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. EXERCISE V. La hundido1 saltis2 sur lin. 'La katido3 kuris sub4 la liton.5 La regido6 iros Berlinon hodia? vespere.1 Mi atendos8 du horojn. La ekspozicio9 da?ris10 ses monatojn. Kiun daton11 ni havas? Ni havas la trian de Aprilo. Kiu tago estas? Estas mardo.12 Ni havas mardon. Li skribis al mi sabaton,13 la dekan de Majo. Mia vesto14 kostis15 du funtojn kaj mia vesto16 dek silingojn. Tiu kesto17 pezas18 okdek funtojn.19 La turo20 estas alta cent futojn, larga21 tridek futojn, kaj longa22 dudek futojn. Li purigis sian veston. La homo mortigis la leonidon.23 Kiu bruligis la domon ? La pomoj maturigos. Li f andis24 la feron.25 La fero fandigis. Mi renkontos vin ie.26 Kien li kuras? En la garden on. Cu li estas en la domo? Li estas nenie27 en la d?mo. Metu28 la libron tien kaj la -jurnalon tien ci. Oni ren kontas lin ci?.29. Yenu tien ci, mia amiko.30 i 2 3 4 5 6 puppy. to jump. kitten. under. bed. (royal) prince. 7 8 9 io this (to-day) evening. to wait. exhibition. to continue, li 12 13 14 15 16 17 date. Tuesday. Saturday. coat. to cost. vest. chest. 18 19 20 21 22 23 to weigh. pound (lb.). tower. wide. long. cub lion. 24 25 2? 27 28 29 to melt. iron. somewhere. nowhere. to put. every where. 30 friend. Virinaj1 vestajoj :?Donu al mi mian jaketon. Cu vi deziras gantojn2? Jes, kaj miajn novajn suojn.3 Jen via robo.4 Mi portos la bru?an5 jupon6 kaj silkan7 brustveston.8 Jen via punta9 kolumo10 kaj naztuko. Mi anka? bezonas ombrelon.11 Enpaku miajn vestajojn en tiun ci keston. Jen viaj suoj, botoj, pantofloj12 kaj lanaj13 strumpetoj. Ne forgesu katunan14 sub jupon15 kaj du robojn. Cu vi surmetos nigran jupon kaj blankan brustveston? Jes, mi portos16 anka? capelon, jaketon, zonon17 kaj puntan cirka?kolon. l 2 3 4 feminine. glove. shoe. robe, gown. 5 brown. 6 skirt. 7 silk. 8 9 io n 12 bodice.
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