Illinois Natural History Survey Lost Mound

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound LOST MOUND FIELD STATION

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Research Policies Lost Mound Field Station was established in 1998 and is a cooperative venture between Conferences the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service Field Trips (FWS). Two groups from IDNR are involved. Staff from the Illinois Natural History Survey Programs conduct basic and applied research to guide habitat management and restoration while staff from Division of Natural Heritage participate in management and restoration. FWS is Volunteer our federal partner and is coordinating the transfer of land from the former Savanna Army Graduate Student Opportunities Depot to the Lost Mound Unit of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Staff Fish Refuge.

Lost Mound Field Station is intended to be a full-fledged biological research station where graduate students, university staff, and independent scientists can conduct research. Efforts are currently underway to expand and improve our facilities.

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > Background and History

LOST MOUND FIELD BACKGROUND & HISTORY STATION Historical and Proposed Uses of the Savanna Army Depot Activity

The Savanna Army Depot Activity was located in southwestern Jo Daviess and northwestern Carroll counties, Illinois. Founded in 1917, it was used for munitions manufacturing, testing and storage. The 13,062-acre area contains about 7,000 acres of uplands and 5,800 acres of bottomlands. The entire area is listed as a statewide significant natural area by the Illinois Natural Areas Inventory. At least 47 Illinois endangered and threatened plant and animal species have been observed at the Depot.

In 1995, the Depot was placed on the Army's base closure list and was officially closed on Background & History March 18, 2000. The land is being divided between Federal and State agencies and the Directions Local Redevelopment Authority (LRA). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) will Habitats receive 9,827 acres to become the Lost Mound Unit of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. The unit derives its name from a prominent geologic Photo Gallery feature ‘Lost Mound’ located in the adjacent bluffland. The Lost Mound Unit will be Species Lists managed by the FWS in cooperation with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources Current Research (IDNR). The IDNR will receive 271 acres (Primm’s Pond and Beaty Creek areas). The LRA plans to redevelop 2,830 acres. The Army Corps of Engineers will receive 34 acres. Research Policies Conferences Significance of Lost Mound for Conservation Field Trips Before Europeans settled the Midwest in the 1800's, Illinois was covered with 22 million Programs acres of prairie. Since then, the Prairie State has lost 99.9% of its presettlement prairie. Volunteer Most of these remnants are small and not large enough to provide adequate habitat for Graduate Student Opportunities grassland animals that have declined or disappeared along with the prairie. In 2004, Lost Mound was designated as one of 52 Important Bird Areas throughout Illinois by the Staff National Audubon Society. In 2005, Lost Mound was identified as part of one of 32 Conservation Opportunity Areas in the Illinois Wildlife Action Plan (IWAP) and provides habitats for at least 110 species in greatest need of conservation and habitats, potentially, for an additional 129 species, particularly prairie insects. The uplands at Lost Mound support the largest contiguous remnant of sand prairie/sand savanna in Illinois, making it a vital refuge for plants, animals, and people. Because of this large expanse of habitat, the prairie provides significant habitat for declining grassland birds, including upland sandpiper, western meadowlark, loggerhead shrike, and grasshopper, Henslow’s, and lark sparrows. In addition, Lost Mound and the adjacent bluffland is the only location in Illinois where a continuum of riverine, prairie, and upland forest communities occur as an ecosystem landscape. The diversity of habitats is important for both breeding and migrant birds. The 250 bird species recorded at Lost Mound include 110 spring or fall migrants, 38 year-round residents, 89 summer residents, and 13 winter residents. Lost Mound is home for both nesting and large concentrations of wintering bald eagles.

Species in greatest need of conservation at Lost Mound (From the IWAP) Species Observed Potential Invertebrates 25 116 Mussels (12) (0) Insects (13) (116) Fish 12 6 Amphibians 1 0 Reptiles 4 1 Birds 62 3 Mammals 6 3 TOTAL 110 129

Topography and Soils

The topography of the uplands is generally one of level to rolling plains of sand deposited by glacial melt waters and blown into widespread areas east of the river. In places, dunes 20 to 40 feet high have been formed and blowouts are common in unstabilized sand. The soils are generally droughty and subject to wind erosion. The bottomlands of the upper Mississippi River are characterized by broad floodplains and gravel terraces formed by glacial flood waters.

Plants and Animals of the Uplands

The uplands at Lost Mound support an extensive sand prairie, as well as smaller areas of sand savanna and forest. Various stages of natural vegetation succession are present, including dunes, blowouts, and flat sand prairie which are characteristic of this natural division. Little bluestem and June grass are common grass species in the uplands and black oak is the dominant sand savanna tree. At least 13 endangered or threatened plant species occur in the uplands, including species whose only known location in Illinois is at the Depot. In 1996, blue grama was found. This grass was considered extirpated from Illinois and the Lost Mound population was last observed in 1907; this is the only known location of this grass in Illinois.

At least 175 bird species have been observed in the uplands at Lost Mound. The large expanse of sand prairie/sand savanna contains perhaps the largest populations in Illinois of sensitive species such as the grasshopper sparrow and western meadowlark. In addition to those already mentioned are the blue grosbeak, field sparrow, dickcissel, vesper sparrow, eastern meadowlark, bobolink, orchard oriole, and red-headed woodpecker. A number of characteristic sand prairie reptiles are found at Lost Mound, including the ornate box turtle and western hognose snake. Among the numerous resident mammals are deer, rabbit, badger, and western harvest mouse.

Plants and Animals of the Bottomlands

The bottomlands of Lost Mound are a mosaic of floodplain forest and Mississippi River backwater sloughs, lakes, and islands. The Floodplain forest is composed of hardwood trees, predominately silver maple and cottonwood. Emergent marshes and wet meadows are dominated by herbaceous vegetation. These areas are important feeding and nesting grounds for many animals, including wading birds and waterfowl, particularly wood ducks. At least 167 species of birds have been observed in the bottomlands at Lost Mound. Several rare or listed species utilize the bottomlands, including the bald eagle and Blanding’s turtle. The Mississippi River channel and backwater sloughs and lakes at Lost Mound support excellent fisheries and provide habitat for at least 75 species of fish. Common fish species include walleye, sauger, channel catfish, crappie, and largemouth bass. Also found here are the endangered lake sturgeon, western sand darter, and pallid shiner. Several rare species of mussels such as the Higgens eye pearly mussel have been found at Lost Mound. A mussel sanctuary is located north of Lock and Dam 12 to help protect this unique part of our natural heritage.

Mississippi River Sand Areas and Bottomlands

The upland portion of Lost Mound lies within the Mississippi River Section of the Illinois River and Mississippi River Sand Areas Natural Division. This natural division encompasses the sand areas and dunes in the bottomlands of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers and includes the "perched dunes" atop the bluffs near Hanover. Scrub oak forest and dry sand prairie are the natural vegetation of this division. Several plant species found here are more typical of the short-grass prairies to the west of Illinois. Several "relict" western amphibians and reptiles are known only from these sand areas. The adjacent blufflands lie within the Wisconsin Driftless Natural Division.

The bottomlands of Lost Mound are within the Mississippi River Portion of the Upper Mississippi River and Illinois River Bottomlands Division. Much of this area was originally forested, but prairie and marsh also occurred.

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > Directions

LOST MOUND FIELD DIRECTIONS TO LOST MOUND FIELD STATION STATION Lost Mound can be reached from Highway 84 and is 7 miles north of Savanna and 5 miles south of Hanover. On Highway 84 look for the brown USFWS Lost Mound Unit signs and turn west on Army Depot Road. Follow this road for 2 miles, cross the railroad tracks (3) and turn right at the top of a small hill. Note the large Lost Mound Unit sign and turn left into the parking area. The building shared by INHS, IDNR, and USFWS is #56 and has yellow siding.

The map below shows the general location. The red star indicates the beginning of the entrance road from Highway 84.

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From Galena and Dubuque:

Take US-20 east to IL-84 south (for a more scenic route use Blackjack road from Galena to Hanover).

From North Chicago:

Take I-90 (toll road) to Rockford, then US-20 to Elizabeth, then IL-84 south.

From South Chicago: Option 1: Take IL-64 to Savanna, then IL-84 north

Option 2: Take I-88 (toll road) to Dixon, then US-52 to Savanna, then IL-84 north.

From Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie:

Take US-52 to Savanna, then IL-84 north.

From Quad Cities:

Take IL-84 north to Savanna or US-67 north to Sabula, then north on IL-84.

From Madison, Wisconsin:

Option 1: Take US-151 to Platteville, then WI-80 south until in magically changes into IL- 84, continue south on IL-84 through Galena and beyond.

Option 2: Take US-151 to 78 to Stockton, IL, then US 20 west to IL-84 south.

From Champaign-Urbana:

Option 1: Take I-74 west to Bloomington/Normal, then I-39 north to US-52 or US30 to Dixon, then continue on US-52 to Savanna.

Option 2: Take I-74 west past Peoria to IL-78 north to Morrison, then US-30 west to IL-84 north. (or continue on 78 to Mt Carroll then west on US52 to Savanna).

Option 3: Take I-74 west to Quad Cities, then I-80 west to IL-84 north.

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LOST MOUND FIELD LOST MOUND HABITATS STATION

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Volunteer Lost Mound habitats include about 5000 acres of dry-mesic and dry sand prairie. These areas range from open sand formats, called blowouts, to sparsely vegetated areas with Graduate Student Opportunities bunch grasses and cacti, to taller denser prairies. The highest quality prairies tend to be Staff located between the rows of bunkers in the southern portion of the refuge known as E area. Other habitats include oak savanna, dominated by black oak and open woodlands along the river dunes. Some of the black oaks in these areas are over 250 years old. Over 1000 acres of upland hardwood forest and small hill prairies are found at nearby Hanover Bluffconservation area.

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LOST MOUND FIELD PHOTOGRAPHS FROM LOST MOUND FIELD STATION STATION Birds

Background & History

Directions Immature Bald Eagle Habitats (Haliaeetus leucocephalus ) Photo Gallery click to enlarge image (new window) Species Lists

Current Research Amphibians & Reptiles Research Policies

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Staff Adult Bald Eagle Turtle hatchling (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) click to enlarge image (new window) click to enlarge image (new window)

Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) click to enlarge image (new window)

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > Species List

LOST MOUND FIELD ENDANGERED, THREATENED, & RARE SPECIES OF LOST MOUND UNIT STATION

PLANTS (PDF of complete list) Bearded Wheat Grass SE Blue Grama SE MAMMALS (Complete list) Blue Sage ST Bobcat River Otter Clustered Broomrape SE SE False Heather BIRDS (PDF of complete list) SE Fragile Prickly Pear American Bittern SE ST Gray's Umbrella Sedge Bald Eagle ST SE Background & History Hairy Umbrella-Wort Black-Crowned Night Heron SE SE Directions James' Clammyweed Black Tern SE Kitten-tails ST Brown Creeper Habitats ST Meadow Horsetail ST Cerulean Warbler SE Photo Gallery Plains Sedge SE Common Tern SE Species Lists Purple Rock Cress SR Forster’s Tern SE Henslow’s Sparrow ST Current Research Redroot SE Whitlow Grass SR King Rail Research Policies Least Bittern ST Conferences INSECTS Little Blue Heron SE ST Regal Fritillary ST Field Trips Loggerhead Shrike Northern Harrier SE MUSSELS Programs SE Black Sandshell ST Osprey Volunteer ST Butterfly Mussel ST Peregrine Falcon Pied-Billed Grebe Graduate Student Opportunities ST Ebonyshell Red-Shouldered Hawk FE, SE Staff Higgens Eye Pearly Mussel Sandhill Crane ST ST Purple Wartyback Short-Eared Owl SE ST Spike Snowy Egret SE Upland Sandpiper SE FISH SE Lake Sturgeon SE Wilson’s Phalarope SE Pallid Shiner SE Yellow-headed Blackbird Western Sand Darter SE FE = Federally Endangered SE REPTILES (Complete list-- Word doc) = State Endangered ST Blanding’s Turtle ST = State Threatened Ornate Box Turtle SR = State Record Lined Snake ST Western Hognose Snake ST

Illinois Natural History Survey Terms of use. Email the Web Administrator with questions or comments. © 2020 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. All rights reserved. 1816 South Oak Street, MC 652 Champaign, IL 61820 For permissions information, contact the Illinois Natural History Survey. 217-333-6880 Staff Intranet [email protected] Login Plants of Lost Mound Page 1 of 18

Approximate timing of plant flowering in upland habitats at Lost Mound and surrounding areas. List organized by alphabetically by Family and species. Based on information compiled by Amy Symstad and modified by Dan Wenny.

Explanation of last five columns as follows: Native: N = native species I = introduced species

Freq (frequency): A = abundant (easily found throughout suitable habitat) C = common (found in most areas of appropriate habitat) U = uncommon (patchy distribution or low density in suitable habitat) R = rare (found in less than 10% of suitable habitat) X = listed by Gleason (1910) but not found recently (1995 – 2007).

Habitat: (most typical habitat of given species; many species occur in one or more habitats). D = disturbed and developed areas F = forest P = prairie; S = savanna

Growth Form: F = forb (typical herbaceous flowering plant) G = graminoid (grass, sedge, rush); HV = herbaceous vine WV = woody vine S = shrub T = tree Blank = non flowering plant.

Lifespan: A = annual (grows from seed and flowers in one calendar year) B = biennial (two-year plant) P = perennial (longer than two years).

Plants of Lost Mound Page 2 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life Acanthaceae + + + + + + Ruellia humilis Wild Petunia N U S F P Aceraceae + + Acer negundo Boxelder N U F T P + + Acer saccharum Sugar Maple N U F T P Adiantaceae Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair Fern N U F fern P Amaranthaceae + + + + + Froelichia floridana var. campestris Cottonweed N U P F A + + + + + Froelichia gracilis Small Cottonweed I U SF F A Anacardiaceae + + Rhus aromatica var. arenaria Sand Fragrant Sumac N A P S P + + + Rhus aromatica var. aromatica Fragrant Sumac N R S S P + + Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac N U F S P + + + Toxicodendron radicans Poison Ivy N U F WV P Apiaceae + + + + Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort N U F F P + + + + + + Daucus carota Queen Anne's Lace/Wild Carrot I U SF F B + + + Osmorhiza claytonii Hairy Sweet Cicely N U F F P + + + Osmorhiza longistylis Smooth Sweet Cicely N U F F P + + + + + + Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip I U SF F B + + + + Sanicula canadensis Canadian Black Snakeroot N U F F B + + Spermolepis inermis Scaleseed N? U P F A Araceae + + Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit N U F F P Araliaceae + + Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sasparilla N U F F P Asclepiadaceae + + + Asclepias amplexicaulis Sand Milkweed N U P F P + + + + Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed N U SF F P + + + + + Asclepias tuberosa Butterflyweed N R S F P + + + + + Asclepias verticillata Horsetail/Whorled Milkweed N C P F P + + + + Asclepias viridiflora Green Milkweed N U P F P Aspleniaceae Asplenium platyneuron Ebony Spleenwort N U F fern P Plants of Lost Mound Page 3 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life Asteraceae + + + + Achillea millefolium Yarrow I C P F P + + + Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common Ragweed N U D F A + + + + Ambrosia psilostachya Western Ragweed N C P F P + + Antennaria neglecta Cat's Foot N U P F P + + Antennaria plantaginifolia Pussy Toes N U S F P + + + + Arctium lappa Great Burdock I U S F B + + + Arctium minus Common Burdock I U D F B + + + Artemisia campestris Wormwood N U P F B + + + Artemisia ludoviciana White Sage N U P F P + + + Aster cordifolius Heart-leaved/Blue Wood Aster N U F F P + + + + Aster ericoides White Prairie/Heath Aster N U P F P + + Aster linariifolius Flax-leaved Aster N U P F P + + + Aster oblongifolius Aromatic Aster N U P F P + + Aster oolentangiensis Sky Blue Aster N R S F P + + + Aster pilosus Hairy Aster N C P F P + + Aster sericeus Western Silvery Aster N U P F P + + + Brickellia eupatorioides False Boneset N U P F P + + + + + Carduus nutans Musk Thistle I U SF F B + + + Centaurea maculosa Spotted Knapweed I U D F B + + + + + Cirsium arvense Canada Thistle I U D F P + + Cirsium discolor Field Thistle N U P F B + Cirsium hillii Hill's Thistle N R P F P + + Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle I U S F B + + + + + + Conyza canadensis Horseweed N C SF F A + + Coreopsis lanceolata Sand Coreopsis N X P F P + + Coreopsis palmata Prairie Coreopsis N U P F P + + + Crepis tectorum Hawksbeard I U P F A + + Echinacea pallida Pale Purple Coneflower N R P F P + + + Erechtites hieracifolia Fireweed N U F F A + + + + + Erigeron annuus Daisy Fleabane N U F F B + + Erigeron philadelphicus Marsh Fleabane N U F F P + + + Erigeron strigosus Daisy Fleabane N U P F P + + Eupatorium purpureum Spotted Joe-Pye-weed N U F F P + + + Eupatorium rugosum White Snakeroot N U F F P Plants of Lost Mound Page 4 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + + Eupatorium serotinum Late Boneset N U F F P + + + Euthamia gymnospermoides Grass-leaved Goldenrod N X P F P Fragrant Cudweed/Sweet + + + Gnaphalium obtusifolium Everlasting N U P F B + + + Grindelia squarrosa var. squarrosa Curlycup-gumweed N? U P F B + + Helianthus annuus Common Sunflower I U SF F A + + Helianthus hirsutus Hairy Sunflower N U F F P + + Helianthus mollis Ashy Sunflower N U P F P + + + Helianthus occidentalis Western Sunflower N U P F P + + + Helianthus rigidus Stiff Sunflower N X? P F P + + Heliopsis helianthoides False Sunflower N U S F P + + + + Heterotheca camporum Golden Aster N C P F P + + + Hieracium longipilum Hairy Hawkweed N U P F P + + + + + Krigia virginica Dwarf Dandelion N C P F A + + + Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce I U D F B + + Liatris aspera Rough Blazing-star N C P F P + + + + Matricaria matricarioides Pineapple-weed I U SF F A + + Ratibida pinnata Yellow Coneflower N R SF F P + + + + Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan N U P F P + + Senecio plattensis Prairie Groundsel N U P F P + + + Solidago canadensis Common Goldenrod N U SF F P + + + Solidago nemoralis Old-field Goldenrod N U F F P + + Solidago ptarmicoides White Upland Aster N X P F P + + Solidago rigida Stiff Goldenrod N U P F P + + + Solidago speciosa Showy Goldenrod N U P F P + + + Solidago ulmifolia Elm-leaved Goldenrod N U F F P + + + + + + + + + Taraxacum officinale Dandelion I U F F P + + Tragopogon dubius Sand Goat's-beard I U P F B Berberidaceae + + Berberis thunbergii Japanese Barberry I U S S P + + + Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple N U F F P Betulaceae + + Corylus americana Hazelnut N U F S P Boraginaceae + + + Cynoglossum officinale Common Hound's-tongue I U D F B Plants of Lost Mound Page 5 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + + + + Echium vulgare Blueweed/Viper's Bluegloss I U D F B + + + + Hackelia virginiana Stickseed N U F F P + + + + + Lappula echinata Beggar's Lice I U P F A + + + Lithospermum caroliniense Hairy Puccoon N U P F P + + + Lithospermum incisum Fringed Puccoon N U P F P Brassicaceae + + Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard I A F F P + + Alyssum alyssoides Pale Alyssum I U D F A + + + Arabis canadensis Sicklepod N U F F B + + + Arabis glabra Tower Mustard N R P F B/P + + + Arabis lyrata Sand Cress N C P F B/P + + Arabis X divaricarpa Purple Rock Cress N U P F B + + + Barbarea vulgaris Yellow Rocket I U D F B + + + + + Berteroa incana Hoary Alyssum I U D F A + + + + + + + Brassica nigra Black Mustard I U D F A + + + + + + + + + + Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepard's Purse I U D F A + + + + + Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola Small-flowered Bitter Cress N U S F A Descurainia pinnata subsp. + + + brachycarpa Tansy Mustard N? U P F A + + Draba nemorosa var. leiocarpa Whitlow Grass N? R P F A + + + + Draba reptans Common Whitlow Grass N C P F A + + + Draba verna Vernal Whitlow Grass I U D F A + + + + + Erysimum cheiranthoides Wormseed Mustard I U P F A + + Erysimum inconspicuum Treacle Mustard I U D F P + + + Lepidium campestre Field Peppergrass I U D F B + + + + + + + Lepidium densiflorum Small Peppergrass I C P F A + + + + + + + + + + Lepidium virginicum Common Peppergrass N A P F A + + + + Sisymbrium altissimum Tumble Mustard I U D F A + + + Thlaspi arvense Penny Cress I U D F A Cactaceae + + Opuntia fragilis Fragile Prickly-pear N LC P cactus P + + Opuntia humifusa Eastern Prickly-pear N C P cactus P + + Opuntia macrorhiza Prickly-pear N R P cactus P Campanulaceae + + + + + Lobelia inflata Indian Tobacco N U F F A Plants of Lost Mound Page 6 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + + + + Triodanis perfoliata var. perfoliata Venus' Looking-Glass N U F F A + + + + + Cannabis sativa Marijuana/Hemp I U S F A Capparidaceae + + + + Polanisia dodecandra Clammyweed N U F F A + + + Polanisia jamesii James' Clammyweed N C F F A Caprifoliaceae + + Lonicera morrowii Bush Honeysuckle I U F S P + + Lonicera tatarica Tartarian Honeysuckle I U S S P + + Viburnum lentago Nannyberry N U F S P + + Viburnum opulus European Highbush Cranberry I R F S P Caryophyllaceae + + + + Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Sandwort I C D F A + + Cerastium brachypodum Mouse-eared Chickweed N U P F A + + + + + Cerastium vulgatum Common Mouse-eared Chickweed I U D F P + + + + Dianthus armeria Deptford Pink I U P F A + + Holosteum umbellatum Jagged Chickweed I C D F A + + + + + Paronychia canadensis Tall Forked Chickweed N U S F A + + + + + Paronychia fastigiata Forked Chickweed N U F F A + + + + Phlox bifida Cleft Pholx N X P F P + + + + Saponaria officinalis Bouncing Bet I U F F P + + + Silene antirrhina Sleepy Catchfly N U P F A + + + + + + Silene cserei Glaucous Campion I U D F A + + + + + + Silene latifolia White Campion I U D F A + + + + + + + + + + Stellaria media Common Chickweed I U P F A/P Celastraceae + + Celastrus scandens Bittersweet N U F S P + + Euonymus atropurpurea Wahoo N U F S P Chenopodiaceae + + + + + + Chenopodium album Lamb's Quarters I ? P F A + + + + Chenopodium ambrosioides Mexican Tea I U D F A + + + + + Chenopodium gigantospermum Maple-leaved Goose Foot N U S F A + + + + + Chenopodium pratericola Goosefoot N U P F A + + + + + Chenopodium simplex Maple-leaved Goose Foot N U S F A + + + + Cycloloma atriplicifolium Winged Pigweed N U D F A + + + Salsola collina Katune/Saltwort N? U P F A Plants of Lost Mound Page 7 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life Cistaceae + + Helianthemum bicknellii Frostweed/Rockrose N U P F P + + Helianthemum canadense Common Rockrose N U P F P + + + Hudsonia tomentosa False/Beach Heather N U P S P + + + Lechea pulchella Pretty Pinweed N U P F P + + + Lechea tenuifolia Slender-leaved Pinweed N U P F P Clusiaceae + + + + Hypericum perforatum Common St. John's-wort I U P F P + + Hypericum pyramidatum Giant St. John's-wort N R F F P + + + + Hypericum sphaerocarpum Round-fruited St. John's-wort N U F F P Commelinaceae + + + + Commelina erecta Erect Day-flower N U F F P + + + + + Tradescantia ohiensis Spiderwort N U F F P Convolvulaceae + + + + + Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed I U P F P Cornaceae + + Cornus drummondii Rough-leaved Dogwood N U S S P + + + Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood N C F S P Cyperaceae + + + + Bulbostylis capillaris Autumn/Hair Sedge N U P G A + + + Carex annectens Large Yellow Fox Sedge N U P G P + + + Carex bicknellii Copper-shouldered Oval Sedge N C P G P + + + Carex blanda Common Wood Sedge N U F G P + + + Carex brevior Plains Oval Sedge N C P G P + + + Carex gravida Long-awned Bracted Sedge N U D G P + + Carex hirtifolia Hairy Wood Sedge N U F G P + + Carex meadii Mead's Stiff Sedge N U P G P + + + Carex molesta Field Oval Sedge N U P G P + + + Carex muhlenbergii Sand Bracted Sedge N C P G P + + + Carex pensylvanica Common Oak sedge N U F G P + + + Carex rosea Curly-styled Wood Sedge N U F G P + + + + Carex scoparia var. scoparia Lance-fruited Oval Sedge N U S G P + + + + Carex stipata Common Fox Sedge N U F G P + + + Carex tonsa Shaved Sedge N C P G P + + + + Carex typhina Common Cattail Sedge N U F G P Plants of Lost Mound Page 8 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + + + Carex vulpinoidea Brown Fox Sedge N U D G P + + + + + + Cyperus filiculmis var. filiculmis Slender Sand Sedge N C P G P + + + + + + Cyperus filiculmis var. macilentus Slender Sand Sedge N C P G P + Cyperus grayioides Gray's Umbrella Sedge N U P G P + + + + Cyperus schweinitzii Rough Sand Sedge N C P G P Dennstadedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern N U F fern P Dryopteridaceae Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum Lady Fern N U F fern P Cystopteris protrusa Fragile Fern N C F fern P Dryopteris carthusiana Spinulose Woodfern N C F fern P Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern N C F fern P Woodsia obtusa Blunt-lobed Cliff Fern N U F fern P Elaeagnaceae + + Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive I U F S P + + Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn-Olive I ? F S P Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale var. affine Scouring Rush N C D P Equisetum laevigatum Smooth Scouring Rush N C P P Equisetum pratense Meadow Horsetail N R F P Equisetum X ferrissii Scouring Rush N C P P Euphorbiaceae + + + + Acalypha gracilens Slender Three-seeded Mercury N R P F A + + + + Acalypha rhomboidea Three-seeded Mercury N U F F A + + + + Chamaesyce geyeri Geyer's Spurge N C P F A + + + + Chamaesyce maculata Milk Spurge N U D F A + + + + + Chamaesyce nutans Eyebane N U D F A + + + Croton capitatus Capitate Croton I R D F A Croton glandulosus var. + + + + septentrionalis Sand Croton N U P F A + + + Crotonopsis linearis Rushfoil N X P F A + + + + + + Euphorbia corollata Flowering Spurge N C P F P + + + + Euphorbia dentata Toothed Spurge N U D F A + + + + Euphorbia esula Leafy Spurge I R P F P Fabaceae Plants of Lost Mound Page 9 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + + + Amorpha canescens Leadplant N U P S P + + Amphicarpa bracteata Hog-peanut N U F F P + + + Astragalus canadensis Canada Milk Vetch N R P F P + + + Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge Pea N U P F A + + + Coronilla varia Crown Vetch I U D F P + + + + Crotalaria sagittalis Rattlebox N U P F A + + + Desmodium glutinosum Pointed Tick-trefoil N U F F P + + Desmodium illinoense Illinois Tick-trefoil N U P F P + + Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust N U F T P + + Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky Coffeetree N U F T P + + + Kummerowia stipulacea Korean Clover I U D F A + + Lespedeza capitata Round-headed Bushclover N U P F P + + Lespedeza intermedia Wand-lespedeza N U F F P + + Lupinus perennis Wild Lupine N X S F P + + + Medicago lupulina Black Medic I U D F A + + + + + + Melilotus alba White Sweet Clover I U D F B + + + + Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweet Clover I C SF F B + + Petalostemum candidum White Prairie Clover N R P F P + + + Petalostemum purpureum Purple Prairie Clover N U P F P + + Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust I C F T P + + + + + Strophostyles helvola var. helvola Trailing Wild Bean N U F F A Strophostyles helvola var. + + + + + missouriensis Trailing Wild Bean N U F F A + + + Strophostyles leiosperma Small Wild Bean N U F F A + + + + Tephrosia virginiana Goat's-rue N C P F P + + + + + + Trifolium arvense Rabbit-foot Clover I U P F A + + + + + Trifolium campestre Low Hop Clover I U D F A + + + + + Trifolium pratense Red Clover I U D F P + + + + + + Trifolium repens White Clover I U D F P + + + Vicia villosa Hairy Vetch I U P F A/B Fagaceae + + Quercus alba White Oak N U F T P + + Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak N C F T P + + Quercus muhlenbergii Chinquapin Oak N R S T P + + Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak N U F T P Plants of Lost Mound Page 10 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + Quercus velutina Black Oak N A F T P Fumariaceae + + + Corydalis micrantha Slender Corydalis N U F F B + + Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's Breeches N U F F P Geraniaceae + + + + Geranium carolinianum Wild Cranesbill N U F F A + + + Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium N U F F P Hydrophyllaceae + + + Ellisia nyctelea Ellisia/Aunt Lucy N U F F A Iridaceae + + Sisyrinchium campestre Prairie Blue-eyed Grass N U P F P Juglandaceae + + Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory N U F T P + + Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory N U F T P + + Carya tomentosa Mockernut Hickory N U F T P + + Juglans cinerea Butternut/White Walnut N U F T P + + Juglans nigra Black Walnut N C F T P Juncaceae + + + + + Juncus tenuis Path Rush N U D G P Lamiaceae + + + Agastache nepetoides Yellow Giant Hyssop N U S F P + + + Hedeoma hispida Rough Pennyroyal N C P F A + + + + Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort I U F F P + + + + Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot N U S F P + + + + Monarda fistulosa var. mollis Wild Bergamot N U S F P + + + + + Monarda punctata Horsemint/Spotted Beebalm N C P F P + + + + Nepeta cataria Catnip I U D F P + + + + + Prunella vulgaris Self-heal I U D F P + + + + Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Slender Mountain Mint N X P F P + + + Pycnanthemum virginianum Mountain Mint N U P F P + + Salvia azurea subsp. Pitcheri Blue Sage N R P F P + + Salvia azurea subsp. Pitcheri f. alba Blue Sage (white flowers) N R P F P + + + + + + Scutellaria ovata var. versicolor Heart-leaved Skullcap N U F F P + + + Scutellaria parvula var. leonardii Small Skullcap N U P F P + + + + Trichostema brachiatum False Pennyroyal N U D F A Plants of Lost Mound Page 11 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life Liliaceae + + Asparagus officianalis Asparagus I U S F P + + + + + Hemerocallis fulva Daylily I U D F P + + + Polygonatum biflorum Solomon's Seal N U F F P + + Smilacina stellata Starry False Solomon's Seal N U F F P Linaceae + + + + + Linum sulcatum Yellow Flax N U P F P Malvaceae + + + + Callirhoe triangulata (Purple) Poppy Mallow N U P F P Menispermaceae + + + Menispermum canadense Moonseed N U F WV P Molluginaceae + + + + + Mollugo verticillata Carpetweed I C F F A Moraceae + + + Humulus japonicus Japanese Hops I R S HV P + + Humulus lupulus Hops N U F HV P + + Morus alba White Mulberry I U S T P Nyctaginaceae + + Mirabilis hirsuta Hairy Umbrella Wort N U S F P + + + + Mirabilis nyctaginea Wild Four O'Clock I U D F P Oleaceae + + Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash N C F T P + + Syringa vulgaris Common Lilac I U D S P Onagraceae + + Circaea lutetiana subsp. canadensis Enchanter's Nightshade N U F F P + + + + Gaura longiflora Gaura N U S F B + + + + + Oenothera biennis Common Evening Primrose N R P F B + + + Oenothera laciniata Ragged Evening Primrose N U P F A + + + + Oenothera rhombipetala Sand Primrose N C S F B + + + + + Orobanche fasciculata Clustered Broomrape N X P F P + + Orobanche ludoviciana Broomrape N R P F P + + Orobanche uniflora One-flowered Broomrape N R P F P Orchidaceae + + + Galearis spectabilis Showy Orchis N U F F P + + + + Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis Slender Ladies' Tresses N R P F P Plants of Lost Mound Page 12 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life Osmundaceae Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern N C F fern P Oxalidaceae + + + + + + + Oxalis dillenii Yellow Wood Sorrell N U F F P Papaveraceae + + Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot N U F F P Phytoloccaceae + + + + Phytolacca americana Pokeweed N U F F P Plantaginaceae + + + + + + + Plantago aristata Bracted Plantain N? U D F A + + + + + + + Plantago lanceolata Dwarf Plantain I U D F P + + + + Plantago patagonica var. brevicarpa Salt-and-pepper Plant I? C P F A + + + + + + Plantago rugelii Rugel's Plantain N U D F A + + + Plantago virginica Dwarf Plantain N U D F A Poaceae + + Agropyron repens f. aristatum Quack Grass I U P G P + + Agropyron repens f. repens Quack Grass I U P G P + + + Agropyron smithii Western Wheat Grass I U P G P + + Agropyron subsecundum Bearded Wheat Grass N U S G P + + + + Agrostis gigantea Redtop I U P G P + + + + Agrostis hyemalis Bent Grass/Tickle Grass N U P G P + + + + Alopecurus carolinianus Common Foxtail N U D G A + + + Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem N U P G P + + Andropogon hallii Sand Bluestem N R P G P + + + Aristida basiramea Forked Three-awn Grass N C P G A + + + Aristida oligantha Prairie Three-awn Grass N U P G A + + + Aristida tuberculosa Beach Three-awn Grass N C P G A + + + Bouteloua curtipendula Side-oats Grama N U P G P + + + Bouteloua gracilis Blue Grama N R P G P + + + Bouteloua hirsuta Hairy Grama N C P G P + + + Bromus inermis Awnless Brome I U P G P + + Bromus kalmii Kalm's/Prairie Brome N X? P G P + + + + Bromus racemosus Smooth Chess I U P G A + + + + Bromus tectorum Downy Chess I C D G A + + + Calamovilfa longifolia Sand-reed N R S G P Plants of Lost Mound Page 13 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + + Cenchrus longispinus Sand Bur N C D G A + + + + Chloris verticillata Windmill Grass I U D G P + + + Dactylis glomerata Orchard Grass I U D G P + + + + Digitaria ischaemum Smooth Crab Grass I R D G A + + + + + Digitaria sanguinalis Hairy Crab Grass I U D G A + + + Echinochloa crusgalli Barnyard Grass I U D G A + + + + Elymus canadensis Nodding Wild Rye N U P G P + + + + + + Eragrostis cilianensis Stink-grass I U D G A + + + + Eragrostis pectinacea Small Love Grass N U D G A + + + + + Eragrostis poaeoides Low Love Grass I U D G A + + + + + Eragrostis spectabilis Tumblegrass/Purple Love Grass N U P G P + + + + Eragrostis trichoides Sand-lovegrass N U P G P + + + + Festuca elatior Tall Fescue I U D G P + + + Festuca obtusa Nodding Fescue N U S G P + + + Festuca ovina Slender Fescue I U P G P + + + + Festuca pratensis Meadow Fescue I U D G P + + + + Hordeum jubatum Squirrel-tail Grass I U D G P + + + + Koeleria macrantha June Grass N C P G P + + + Leptoloma cognatum Fall Witch Grass N C P G P + + + + Lolium perenne Perennial Rye Grass I U D G P + + Muhlenbergia racemosa Muhly/Upland Wild Timothy N U F G P + + + + Muhlenbergia schreberi Nimblewill N U F G P + + + + Panicum capillare var. capillare Witch-grass N U D G A + + + + + Panicum depauperatum Starved Panic Grass N U P G P Panicum lanuginosum var. + + + + + + fasiculatum Old-field Panic Grass N U F G P + + + + + + Panicum lanuginosum var. implicatum Panic Grass N U S G P + + + + + Panicum linearifolium Slender-leaved Panic Grass N U P G P + + + + + Panicum oligosanthes Few-flowered Panic Grass N U P G P + + + + + Panicum villosissimum Hairy Panic Grass N C P G P + + + + + Panicum virgatum Switch Grass N C P G P + + + + Panicum wilcoxianum? Panic Grass N R P G P + + + + Paspalum bushii Hairy Bead Grass N U P G P + + + + Paspalum ciliatifolium Paspalum I? U P G P + + + + Poa compressa Canadian Bluegrass I U F G P Plants of Lost Mound Page 14 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + + + Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass I A D G P + + + Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem N A P G P + + + + Setaria faberi Nodding Foxtail I U SF G A + + + + Setaria glauca Yellow Foxtail I U SF G A + + + + Setaria viridis Green Foxtail I U D G A + + + Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass N C P G P + + + + Spartina pectinata Prairie Cordgrass N R S G P + + + Sphenopholis obtusata var. major Prairie Wedge Grass N U F G P + + + Sphenopholis obtusata var. obtusata Prairie Wedge Grass N U P G P + + Sporobolus asper Tall Dropseed N U P G P + + + Sporobolus clandestinus Rough Dropseed N U D G P + + + Sporobolus cryptandrus Sand Dropseed N A P G P + + Sporobolus heterolepis Prairie Dropseed N R P G P + + Sporobolus vaginiflorus Poverty-grass N U D G A + + Stipa spartea Porcupine/Needle Grass N C P G P + + + + Tridens flavus Purpletop/Redtop/Greasy Grass N U D G P + + + Triplasis purpurea Purple Sand-grass N U P G A + + + Triticum aestivum Wheat I U P G A + + + Vulpia octoflora Six-weeks Fescue N A P G A Polemoniaceae + + + Phlox divaricata subsp. laphamii Blue Phlox N U F F P Polygalaceae + + + Polygala polygama var. obtusata Purple Milkwort N U P F B + + + Polygala verticillata Whorled Milkwort N U P F A Polygonaceae Polygonum cespitosum var. + + + + + longisetum Creeping Smartweed/Knotweed I U SF F A + + + + + Polygonella articulata Sand Jointweed N U P F A + + + + + + Polygonum convolvulus Black Bindweed I U F F A + + + + Polygonum ramosissimum Knotweed N U P F A + + + Polygonum scandens False Buckwheat N U F HV P + + + Polygonum tenue Slender Knotweed N U P F A + + + Polygonum virginianum Jumpseed N U F F P + + + + + Rumex acetosella Sour Dock I C P F P + + Rumex altissimus Pale Dock N U D F P Plants of Lost Mound Page 15 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life Portulacaceae + + + Claytonia virginica Spring Beauty N C F F P + + + + + Portulaca oleracea Purslane I U P F A + + + Talinum rugospermum Fameflower N U F F P Primulaceae + + Androsace occidentalis Rock Jasmine N C P F A Ranunculaceae + + + Anemone canadensis Meadow Anemone N C F F P + + Anemone caroliniana Carolina Anemone N U P F P + + + + Anemone cylindrica Thimbleweed N U F F P + + Anemone quinquefolia Wood Anemone N U F F P + + + + Aquilegia canadensis Wild Columbine N U F F P + + + Ranunculus abortivus Small-flowered Buttercup N U F F A + + Ranunculus fascicularis Early Buttercup N U P F P + + + Ranunculus pensylvanicus Bristly Crowfoot N R SP F A + Ranunculus rhomboideus Prairie Buttercup N X? P F P Rhamnaceae + + + Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea N U S S P + + Ceanothus herbaceus Redroot N U P S P + + Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn I U F S P Rosaceae + + + Agrimonia gryposepala Tall Agrimony N U F F P + + + Agrimonia pubescens Soft Agrimony N U F F P + Crataegus calpodendron Hawthorn N U F T P + + + + Fragaria virginiana Wild Strawberry N U F F P + + + Geum canadense White Avens N U F F P + + Geum triflorum Prairie Smoke N U P F P + + Malus coronaria Wild Sweet Crab N U P T P + Malus ioensis Iowa Crab N U F T P + Malus pumila Apple I U F T P + + Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark N R F S P + + + + + Potentilla argentea Silvery Cinquefoil I C D F P + + Potentilla arguta Prairie Cinquefoil N R P F P + + + + Potentilla inclinata Hoary Cinquefoil I R SF F P + + Potentilla norvegica Rough Cinquefoil both U D F A Plants of Lost Mound Page 16 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + + Potentilla recta Sulfur Cinquefoil I C P F P + + Potentilla simplex Old-field/Common Cinquefoil N U F F P + + Prunus americana Wild Plum N C F T P + Prunus nigra Canadian Plum N R F T P + Prunus serotina Wild Black Cherry N U F T P + Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry N U F S P + + + Rosa carolina Pasture Rose N U F S P + + Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose I U F S P + + Rosa suffulta Dwarf Prairie Rose N U F S P + + Rubus allegheniensis Common Blackberry N U F S P + + Rubus argutus (Highbush) Blackberry N U P S P + + + Rubus flagellaris Common Dewberry N U F S P + + Rubus occidentalis Black Rasberry N U F S P Rubiaceae + + Diodia teres Rough Buttonweed N C P F A + + + Galium aparine Goosegrass N U F F A + + + Galium circaezans Forest-bedstraw/Wild Licorice N U F F P + + Galium concinnum Shining Bedstraw N U F F P + + + + + Galium triflorum Sweet-scented Bedstraw N U F F P Rutaceae + + + Ptelea trifoliata Wafer Ash N U F S P + + Zanthoxylum americanum Prickly Ash N C F S P Salicaceae + + + Populus deltoides Cottonwood N U P T P + Populus grandidentata Big-tooth Aspen N U F T P + + Populus tremuloidies Quaking Aspen N U S T P Santalaceae + + + + Comandra umbellata False Toadflax N U P F P Saxifragaceae + + Ribes missouriense Missouri Gooseberry N C F S P Scrophulariaceae + + + Aureolaria grandiflora var. pulchra Yellow False Foxglove N R F F P + + + + + Bacopa rotundifolia Water Hyssop N R SP F P + + Besseya bullii Kitten Tails N U F F P + + + + Chaenorrhinum minus Dwarf Snapdragon I U D F A Plants of Lost Mound Page 17 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + + + + + Linaria canadensis Blue Toadflax N U P F A + + + + + + + Linaria vulgaris Butter-and-Eggs I U D F A + + Penstemon grandiflorus Large-flowered Beard Tongue N X P F P + + + + Penstemon pallidus Pale Beardstongue N U P F P + + Scrophularia lanceolata Early Figwort N U F F P + + + + + Verbascum blattaria Moth Mullein I U P F B + + + + + Verbascum thapsus Wooly Mullein I U F F B + + + + + + Veronica arvensis Corn Speedwell I U D F A + + + + + + Veronica dillenii Speedwell I C D F A + + + + + Veronica peregrina Purslane Speedwell N U D F A Selaginellaceae Selaginella rupestris Dwarf Spike-moss N C P moss P Smilacaceae + + Smilax hispida Bristly Catbrier N U F WV P + + + Smilax lasioneuron Carrion Flower N U F HV P Solonaceae + + + + + Physalis heterophylla (Clammy) Ground Cherry N U P F P + + + + Physalis virginiana Lance-leaved Ground Cherry N C P F P + + + + + Solanum carolinense Horse Nettle I U P F P + + + + Solanum cornutum Buffalo-burr I U D F A + + + + + + + Solanum ptycanthum Black Nightshade N U F F A Tiliaceae + + + Tilia americana Basswood N U F T P Ulmaceae + + Celtis occidentalis Hackberry N U F T P + + + Ulmus americana American Elm N U F T P + Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm I U P T P + + + Ulmus rubra Slippery Elm N U F T P Urticaceae + + + + + Parietaria pensylvanica Pellitory N U F F A Verbenaceae + + + + Phryma leptostachya Lopseed N U F F P + + + + + + + Verbena bracteata Creeping Vervain N U D F A + + + + + Verbena stricta f. albiflora White Hoary Vervain N R P F P + + + + + Verbena stricta f. roseiflora Pink Hoary Vervain N U P F P Plants of Lost Mound Page 18 of 18

F M A M J J A S O N Family: Species Common name(s) Native Freq Habitat Growth Life + + + + + Verbena stricta f. stricta Hoary vervain N C P F P + + + + + Verbena urticifolia Hairy White Vervain N U F F P Violaceae + + + Viola pedata Bird's-foot Violet N C P F P + + Viola pubescens var. eriocarpa Smooth Yellow Violet N U F F P + + + Viola rafinesquii Johnny-jump-up/Wild Pansy I U F F A + + + Viola sororia Woolly Blue Violet N U S F P Vitaceae + + Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper N U F WV P + + Vitis riparia River Grape N C F WV P

List of amphibian and reptile species documented at Lost Mound and adjacent areas of the former Savanna Army Depot, Carroll and Jo Daviess counties, Illinois. Compiled from IDNR collections, Horn and Anderson 2008, Moll and McCallum 1994a,b and Dames & Moore 1994.

Scientific Name Common Name Upland Upland Wetland Bottomland Prairie Savanna Forest

Amphibians Anura – Frogs and Toads Bufo americanus American Toad Υ Υ Υ Υ Acris crepitans Cricket Frog Υ Υ Hyla chrysoscelis Cope's Treefrog Υ Υ Υ Hyla versicolor Gray Treefrog Υ Υ Υ Pseudacris crucifer Spring Peeper Υ Υ Υ Pseudacris triseriata Western Chorus Frog Υ Υ Rana catesbeiana Bullfrog Υ Υ Rana clamitans Green Frog Υ Υ Rana palustris Pickerel Frog Υ Υ Rana pipiens Northern Leopard Frog Υ Υ Υ Rana sylvatica Wood Frog Υ Υ Υ Reptiles Testudines – Turtles Chelydra serpentina Common Snapping Turtle N Υ Υ Chrysemys picta bellii Western Painted Turtle N Υ Υ Emydoidea blandingii ST Blanding's Turtle N Υ Υ Graptemys geographica Map Turtle N Υ Υ Graptemys pseudogeographica False Map Turtle N Υ Υ Terrepene ornata Ornate Box Turtle Υ Trachemys scripta elegans Red-eared Slider N Υ Υ Apalone spinifera Spiny Softshell Turtle N Υ Υ Squamata; Sauria – Lizards Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Six-lined Racerunner Υ Squamata; Serpentes – Snakes Coluber constrictor Blue Racer Υ Υ Υ Diadophis punctatus Ring-necked Snake Υ Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta Black Rat Snake Υ Heterodon nasicus ST Western Hognose Snake Υ Lampropeltis triangulum Eastern Milk Snake Υ Υ triangulum Nerodia sipedon sipedon Northern Water Snake Υ Υ Pituophis melanoleucus Bullsnake Υ Thamnophis proximus Western Ribbonsnake Υ Thamnophis sirtalis Garter Snake Υ Υ Υ Υ Tropidoclonion lineatum Northern Lined Snake Υ Υ Nomenclature follows Conant and Collins 1991 N = Upland sand prairie habitat is important nesting area for turtles migrating from the Mississippi River ST = State Threatened Species

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LOST MOUND FIELD MAMMAL SPECIES OF LOST MOUND UNIT

STATION updated April 2009 List of mammal species documented at the Savanna Army Depot, Carroll and Jo Daviess counties, Illinois. Compiled from Horn 2008, Hoffman 2000, Anderson 1995, Dames & Moore 1994, Mankowski 1994, and Hoffmeister 1989. Lost Mound Mammal List Scientific Name Common Upland Upland Wetland Floodplain Forest Name Prairie Savanna Blarina brevicauda Northern X X X Short-tailed Shrew Canis latrans Coyote X X Background & History Castor canadensis Beaver X X Directions Didelphis virginiana Virginia X X Habitats Opossum Photo Gallery Eptesicus fuscus Big Brown X X X Species Lists Bat Current Research Felis rufus Bobcat X X Research Policies Glaucomys volans* Southern X X Conferences Flying Squirrel Field Trips Lasiurus borealis Red Bat X X Programs ST Volunteer Lontra canadensis River Otter X Graduate Student Opportunities Marmota monax Woodchuck X X Staff Mephitis mephitis Striped X X X Skunk Microtus ochrogaster Prairie Vole X X Microtus pennsylvanicus Meadow X X Vole Mustela vison Mink X X Mustela frenata Long-tailed X X Weasel Myotis lucifugus Little Brown X X X Bat Myotis septentrionalis Northern X X Long-Eared Myotis Odocoileus virginianus White- X X X tailed Deer Ondatra zibethicus Muskrat X X Peromyscus leucopus White- X X X footed Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Deer X Mouse Procyon lotor Raccoon X X Reithrodontomys megalotis Western X X Harvest Mouse Scalopus aquaticus Eastern X X Mole Sciurus carolinensis Eastern X X Gray Squirrel Sciurus niger Fox X Squirrel Sorex cinereus Masked X X X X Shrew Spermophilustridecemlineatus Thirteen- X lined Ground Squirrel Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern X X Cottontail Tamias striatus Eastern X Chipmunk Taxidea taxus Badger X Urocyon cinereoargenteus Gray Fox X X Vulpes vulpes Red Fox X X X Zapus hudsonius Meadow X X Jumping Mouse

Nomenclature follows Hoffmeister 1989 ST = State Threatened Species * record from camera trap

Page 1 of 10

Seasonal occurrence of birds at Lost Mound and surrounding areas. Data based on systematic and informal surveys by INHS and IDNR from 1998 to 2007. Species reported outside this time period are listed with no data. Species listed by taxonomic order except for perching birds which are listed by family (following names and sequence from American Ornithologists’ Union.) Column headings show four “weeks” per month. Number in each column indicates number of years each species observed during that time period. A + indicates species observed all 10 years. Compiled by Dan Wenny.

Note that fieldwork is limited in winter (December – February) except for Christmas Bird Count at end of second week of December.

Birds of Lost Mound Page 2 of 10

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Species 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Anseriformes - Ducks, Swans, Geese Snow Goose 1 1 2 1 1 Cackling Goose 1 11 1 Canada Goose 1 1 4 4 4 7 799999+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 99999999832 Mute Swan (I) 1 Trumpeter Swan 1 2 2 11 112 1 1 1 11 Tundra Swan 121 1 1 1 Wood Duck 137999+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + 9999999998876442211 Gadwall 1 3556745213 1233433432 American Wigeon 1 25667422 2 1 12435322 1 American Black Duck 2346411 1 11 111 Mallard 1 1 2 1 4 589999+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 9888922 Blue-winged Teal 1469999996544443 3 3344456676643111 1 Northern Shoveler 1347888763 1 23323321 Northern Pintail 1454411 1 1 12212341 1 Green-winged Teal 2667666522 24554744211 Canvasback 3546664323321 1 1332223361 Redhead 12355521 1121212 Ring-necked Duck 24576533213 222121115 Greater Scaup 1115643 1 1 111111 Lesser Scaup 1 1 1 3688998767321 1 111547556361 Surf Scoter 11 11 112 White-winged Scoter 1 1 12111 Long-tailed Duck 1 1 Bufflehead 1 47776542 32344335 Common Goldeneye 1 2 1 1 1 2 39774311 21 1 111 226 Hooded Merganser 1 2477441 331 1 1 3411 2 Common Merganser 1 2 1 3 3 4 59887521 116 Red-breasted Merganser 3 4 51111 Ruddy Duck 1 41231333621 1 32514231211 Galliformes - Fowl Ring-necked Pheasant (I) 1 1 1 1 1 Wild Turkey 1 3 4 3 3 4 5 675677998998899999 + 99999999+ + 99999999771 Northern Bobwhite 112 1 1 1 111 Birds of Lost Mound Page 3 of 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Species 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Gaviiformes - Loons Common Loon 1 1 11 11 Podicipediformes - Grebes Pied-billed Grebe 2456688964211111 1 122114436565645342 Horned Grebe 1 2212 1 12111 Eared Grebe 11 1 1 Western Grebe 1 Pelecaniformes - Pelicans, etc American White Pelican 134789+ 87431222 1 3 31 143246655441 2 Double-crested Cormorant 467+ + + + + 988877 7 855557657865532 11 Ciconiiformes1 - Herons, etc American Bittern 1 Least Bittern 1 Great Blue Heron 1 1 24689+ + + + + + + + 9999 + + 9999999+ + 9877755532 Great Egret 446544553343 4 42222655666222 1 Snowy Egret 1 Little Blue Heron 1 Green Heron 4 4 3 223122 1 1221111131 Black-crowned Night-Heron Yellow-crowned Night-Heron 1 Ciconiiformes2 - New World Vultures Black Vulture 1 Turkey Vulture 25999+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 999742 Falconiformes - Hawks, Eagles, Falcons Osprey 11 3 1 1 1 221111 1 Bald Eagle 7 8 9 8 8 9 8 899999+ + + + + + + + + + + + 9 9+ 99+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + 9+ 33 Northern Harrier 2 2 1 1 3 1 1232321321113231 21 1 1133452113 Sharp-shinned Hawk 1 1 1 1 122112111 3 1221434342221114 Cooper's Hawk 3 2 4 2 3 3 323566566758577644 4 21312442565533321126 Red-shouldered Hawk 1 113232216322122132 1 121112222111 1 1 1 Broad-winged Hawk 32 1 2 2 1 11311 Red-tailed Hawk 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 999999999999989888 9 98888888+ 9888888888843 Rough-legged Hawk 4 5 4 6 4 6 35311 12212351 Golden Eagle 1 1 11 111 American Kestrel 4 6 9 8 8 8 9 899999+ + + + + + 9+ 9999 9 99989999+ + 9999999+ 8744 Birds of Lost Mound Page 4 of 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Species 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Merlin 1 1 1 2111 12 1 Peregrine Falcon 1 1 1 1 2 Gruiformes - Rails, Cranes, etc King Rail 1 Virginia Rail Sora 121 American Coot 1246577777 5 2 2243554222 2 Sandhill Crane 1 115544466875323212 2 1 121121211 2 1 Charadriiformes - Shorebirds, Gulls Black-bellied Plover 1 1 1 American Golden Plover 1 Semipalmated Plover 3 11 21 1 Killdeer 488899++++++9+9999 9 9 9989999998888843314 Greater Yellowlegs 42534 4 1 21 21 22121212 Lesser Yellowlegs 22355 4 2 1 3 421251324211 1 Solitary Sandpiper 246521 1 2 42112111 1 1 Spotted Sandpiper 158985432 2 3 3 3212344541 Upland Sandpiper 127999898887 6 3 2 1 Semipalmated Sandpiper 1 1 221 211 Western Sandpiper 11 Least Sandpiper 422 1 1 321 1 1 Pectoral Sandpiper 11123 1 1 2 1 3212311332 11 Stilt Sandpiper 1 1 11 11 Short-billed Dowitcher 1 2 1 1 Long-billed Dowitcher 1 11 Common Snipe 21111 1 11 1 American Woodcock 1 11 1 1 Wilson's Phalarope 1 1 Franklin's Gull 1 Bonaparte's Gull 1 42111 11111 Ring-billed Gull 2 3 3 3 4 6 688999989854322111 1 1 11 26556877877756361 Herring Gull 1 1 1 2 1543231 1 12112 1 4 Thayer's Gull 1 Caspian Tern 132 1 11 Common Tern 121 1 1 Birds of Lost Mound Page 5 of 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Species 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Forster's Tern 1 421 1 1 Black Tern 132 11 12 Columbiformes - Pigeons, Doves Rock Pigeon (I) 5 7 7 6 6 7 7 8999999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++999998888854 Mourning Dove 3 5 6 7 8 7 7 7899999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++999999988844 Cuculiformes - Cuckoos Black-billed Cuckoo 1 2 11 2 1 Yellow-billed Cuckoo 1134677775 5 5 433333222 Strigiformes - Owls Eastern Screech-Owl 1 31 1 7 Great Horned Owl 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 11213842232112 1 2 1111121212 22 1 1161 Barred Owl 1 2 1 1412331336 3 1221 2 1 121212111 7 Long-eared Owl 2 3 3 5 4 5 5 4443321 31217 Short-eared Owl 1 11 1 2211 1 Caprimulgiformes - Nighthawks, etc Common Nighthawk 29 + ++++++ 9 8 766665221 Whip-Poor-Will 1111455557332 2 1 1 Apodiformes - Swifts, Hummingbirds Chimney Swift 16+++++++++ 9 8 7666632211 Ruby-throated Hummingbird 253438353 4 4 1111311 1 Coraciiformes - Kingfishers Belted Kingfisher 1 1 2 1 2 1 23578988+9++++++++ + + +999999+988889877571 Piciformes - Woodpeckers Red-headed Woodpecker 1 3 3 2 3 4 4 555555689+++++++++ + + ++9999998777654443411 Red-bellied Woodpecker 4 8 7 6 6 6 7 7889999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++999999887711 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 1699+++++++++++ + + +++++++987766554424 Downy Woodpecker 4 7 7 7 7 7 9 7899999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++999999987821 Hairy Woodpecker 4 6 6 6 7 7 8 7899999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++999999887921 Northern Flicker 2 4 4 5 6 5 6 5899999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++999999887711 Pileated Woodpecker 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 46888889+999999998 8 8 888889889777768654621 Passeriformes - Perching Birds Tyrannidae - Flycatchers Olive-sided Flycatcher 1 Eastern Wood-Pewee 11368777776 6 7 666664322 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 1 Birds of Lost Mound Page 6 of 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Species 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Acadian Flycatcher 11 Alder Flycatcher 1 Willow Flycatcher 224 11 Least Flycatcher 2663221 1 Eastern Phoebe 13899+++++++++++ + + +99999999734 Great Crested Flycatcher 12999999998 8 7 733332111 Western Kingbird Eastern Kingbird 15+++++++++ + + +77773111 Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 1 Laniidae - Shrikes Loggerhead Shrike 1 236+9+++++++++ + + 9433311111111 Northern Shrike 2 3 4 2 3 2 45231 113421141 Vireonidae - Vireos White-eyed Vireo 11 111121 1 1 11111 Bell's Vireo 11 11 Yellow-throated Vireo 1887677887 6 6 53332221 Blue-headed Vireo 111 1211 Warbling Vireo 49++ 999998 7 7 64443311 Philadelphia Vireo 11 11111 1 11 Red-eyed Vireo 479877776 5 5 444444441 Corvidae - Crows, Jays Blue Jay 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9999999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++++++++++8954 American Crow 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9999999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++++++++++8754 Alaudidae - Larks Horned Lark 3 5 7 7 8 7 8 8999999+++++9+9++8 6 5 412111125468777886921 Hirundinidae - Swallows Purple Martin 13252352233 4 1 221122 Tree Swallow 13999+++++++++++ + + ++++++++865431 N. Rough-winged Swallow 138++++++++++ 8 8 877776665211 Bank Swallow 23533232121 1 1 221131111 Cliff Swallow 341 1 1 2 3 311 Barn Swallow 1127+++++++++9 9 9 98888544411 Paridae - Chickadees Black-capped Chickadee 6 7 8 8 8 9 8 8999999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++999999998843 Tufted Titmouse 1 1 1 1 344567788899999988 7 7 6554443433424222328 Birds of Lost Mound Page 7 of 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Species 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Sittidae - Nuthatches Red-breasted Nuthatch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2211111111 1 111312321161 White-breasted Nuthatch 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8999999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++999999888832 Certhidae - Creepers Brown Creeper 1 1 211122212 111 3 5 Troglodytidae - Wrens Carolina Wren 111111111 1 1 1 House Wren 69++++++999 9 9 9766654432 Winter Wren 1 1 Sedge Wren 1 Marsh Wren 1 Regulidae - Kinglets Golden-crowned Kinglet 15441 133312112141 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 244686 4 113222 112 Sylviidae - Gnatcatchers, etc. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 14+++ 676665 4 4 4333422221 Turdidae - Thrushes Eastern Bluebird 2 4 4 7 6 6 9 8899999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++999+9+865711 Veery 11 Gray-cheeked Thrush 2 1 Swainson's Thrush 212 111 Hermit Thrush 11221 1 1 Wood Thrush 698888752 2 2 22211 American Robin 2 1 2 2 2 3 4689999+++++++++++ 9 9 9888888776667552227 Mimidae - Thrashers, etc Gray Catbird 129++ 999999 8 8 8888855632 Northern Mockingbird 1 1 1 1 41135699+++++++++ + + +++++99998887543222 Brown Thrasher 258+++++99999 9 9 999985541 Sturnidae - Starlings European Starling (I) 6 6 8 9 9 9 9 9999999+++++++++++ + + ++++++++9999999998722 Motacillidae - Pipits, etc American Pipit 1 Bombycillidae - Waxwings Cedar Waxwing 1 1 1 1 1 1422233468899+9999 9 + 9999999+9888877544511 Parulidae - New World Warblers Birds of Lost Mound Page 8 of 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Species 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Blue-winged Warbler 176332311 Golden-winged Warbler 111 Tennessee Warbler 54 3 22121 Orange-crowned Warbler 111 1 1 1 Nashville Warbler 15641 2 112 Northern Parula 32 1 Yellow Warbler 1687778655 3 2 11 Chesnut-sided Warbler 24 121 Magnolia Warbler 32 113 Cape May Warbler 1 11 Black-throated Blue 1 Yellow-rumped Warbler 1 24787 6 2 1 2346752 1 2 Black-throated Green 34 21 Blackburnian Warbler 11 2 Yellow-throated Warbler 2 1 11111 Pine Warbler 131 Palm Warbler 46 4 1 11232111 Bay-breasted Warbler Blackpoll Warbler 1111 Cerulean Warbler 1 Black-and-white Warbler 1242 111 American Redstart 18++ 999998 7 7 76666422 Prothonotary Warbler 18++ 999998 7 7 75422 Ovenbird 1798877776 4 3 3222221111 Northern Waterthrush 6611 11 Louisiana Waterthrush 11 Kentucky Warbler 255655531 1 Connecticut Warbler 1 Mourning Warbler Common Yellowthroat 28+ 9 888887 6 5 54322 1 Wilson's Warbler 2 1 1 1 Canada Warbler 1 Yellow-breasted Chat 433333332 2 1 Thraupidae - Tanagers Summer Tanager 1333222 2 2 22111 Birds of Lost Mound Page 9 of 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Species 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Scarlet Tanager 488999998 7 5 54444111 Emberizidae - New World Sparrows Eastern Towhee 147+++++++++ 9 9 9765554334412 American Tree Sparrow 5 5 7 6 6 8 7 7977642 24455932 Chipping Sparrow 37++++++++++++ + + +88886555332211 1 Clay-colored Sparrow 211 Field Sparrow 1 18++++++++++++ + + +9988877765421 1 Vesper Sparrow 169++++++++++++ + + +999999998876531 Lark Sparrow 269+++++++++ + + 9765533211111 Savannah Sparrow 1 2223755545441 1 Grasshopper Sparrow 9++++++++++ + + +88885432211 Henslow's Sparrow 34577777775 4 3 2111 Fox Sparrow 122342 1111 1 Song Sparrow 1 1 1 1 1678899+++++++++++ + + ++++++999999987876611 Lincoln's Sparrow 21311 11 Swamp Sparrow 1 5541212122 1 1 11111111122 1 4 White-throated Sparrow 11 133679 6 1235321 4 Harris's Sparrow 2 White-crowned Sparrow 1 39731 1 111 1 1 Dark-eyed Junco 5 6 7 6 6 7 6 688888875 136877776811 Lapland Longspur 2 Snow Bunting 1 3121 1 Cardinalidae - Grosbeaks, etc Northern Cardinal 4 7 6 7 7 7 7 7999999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++999999888953 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 28 + + ++++++ + 8 8544433311 Blue Grosbeak 599989899 7 6 643 1 Indigo Bunting 7+ + ++++++ 9 9 9755511 Dickcissel 27 9++++9 9 8 74111 Icteridae - Blackbirds, New World Orioles, etc Bobolink 3687+9996 6 4 31111 Red-winged Blackbird 1 3 6799999+++++++++++ + + ++++++9998886331114 Eastern Meadowlark 1258999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++8774421 Western Meadowlark 3678999+++++++++++ + + +++++++++8786531 1 Yellow-headed Blackbird Rusty Blackbird 13111 122 1 Birds of Lost Mound Page 10 of 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Species 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Common Grackle 1 2269999+++++++++++ + + +97777777666412 Brown-headed Cowbird 46779++++++++++ + + +766666554321 4 Orchard Oriole 117 + + ++++++ + 9 85533 Baltimore Oriole 39 + + ++++++ + + 96644 Fringilliidae - Finches Purple Finch 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 House Finch 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 356789999999998888 8 8 866665556655544333411 Common Redpoll Pine Siskin 1 1 American Goldfinch 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 577777799+++++++++ + + ++++++++9999999998822 Passeridae - Old World Sparrows House Sparrow (I) 1 1 1 221113235553255221 2 1 21 1 111 1 4

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > Research

LOST MOUND FIELD CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS STATION Lark Sparrow genetics and ecology Jeremy Ross (Bowling Green State University)

A continent-wide study of Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus).

Restoration of Sand Prairie in Illinois: Seed Banks and Existing Vegetation Molly McNicoll (University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana)

Our objectives for this research are to compare the vegetation of native sand prairie to the present vegetation of former sand prairie that was protected from external impacts and Background & History vegetation for 80 years, and former sand prairie with a long grazing history. The proposed

Directions research will be conducted on successional and former sand prairie at the Lost Mound Unit, including areas dominated by little bluestem(Scizachyrium scoparium) and exotic Habitats annual grasses (Bromus spp.). Sample plots will also be located on bare ground sites that Photo Gallery were created by the removal of storage platforms in December 2004. These bare ground Species Lists sites will provide a view of sand prairie succession from the seed bank and immediately adjacent seed sources. Current Research Research Policies Reproductive ecology of fragile prickly pear (Opuntia fragilis) Conferences Barbara Anderson and Eric Ribbens (Western Illinois University)

Field Trips Nest site selection of turtles Programs F. Janzen (Iowa State University)

Volunteer Site fidelity and return rates of grassland birds. Graduate Student Opportunities Dan Wenny Staff The upland portion of Lost Mound Unit has been designated a Nationally Important Bird Area. It provides critical habitat for many grassland birds, including nine species of high concern in Region 3. The extent to which grassland birds return to the same site to breed in successive years, however, is poorly understood. This project would be an expansion of work funded by IDNR over the past two years. In that work, over 300 grassland birds were banded at 10ha sites at three sand prairies: Lost Mound, Thomson, and Ayers. Approximately 30% of adult birds banded in 2001 retuned in 2002, but the fate of the remaining 70% of birds is unclear. Previous studies tend to assume most of these “missing” birds die rather than disperse to other sites. In this project we propose to continue banding in the 10ha study sites, and more importantly, search the surrounding areas for returning banded birds. Thus we will be able to estimate the number of birds that disperse to new sites rather than return to the same breeding site. This type of work has not been conducted with any grassland birds. The results will therefore be useful for other grasslands in the region. Photo of banded Grasshopper sparrow

Grassland bird habitat use in Northwest Illinois: The roles of vegetation structure, plant community composition, and landscape factors Dan Wenny, Amy Symstad (INHS now USGS), and Jim Rachuy (Prairie Enthusiasts)

The regional and national population declines of grassland birds have attracted much attention. The primary cause of these declines is habitat loss mainly as a result of agricultural intensification. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), intended to take marginal land out of crop production, and a growing interest in prairie restoration has led to an expansion of grassland habitats in some areas. This study was designed to examine grassland bird use of various grassland habitats in northwestern Illinois in order to develop management recommendations to benefit grassland birds.

Most previous studies indicate that vegetation structure is far more important than species composition of the plant community for grassland birds (Herkert et al. 1993). This idea is certainly true when different plant species have the same growth form or when different management practices produce different vegetation structure from the same plant species. On the other hand, a common expectation in ecology is that diversity begets diversity. In other words, areas with differing plant species composition should also have different bird communities and, possibly, areas with greater plant diversity will support a greater diversity of birds. While several studies have examined grassland bird communities in native and non-native grasslands (Sutter and Brigham 1998, Davis and Duncan 1999, Washburn et al. 2000, Ludwig et al. 2001), none have examined the influence of plant species diversity on grassland bird diversity in detail.

The underlying expectation is that because grassland birds in central North America existed in prairie vegetation for at least 8,000 years, prairies, and by analogy prairie restorations, should provide optimal habitat for them. On the other hand, non-native cool season grasses have dominated grassland habitats east of the Mississippi river for the past 300 years after European settlers replaced forest with pastures, hayfields, and other agricultural lands. In this study we examined the relationship between grassland bird diversity and abundance and plant diversity and vegetation structure across a variety of grasslands in Jo Daviess and Carroll counties, Illinois. Because the structure of the landscape is also known to affect grassland bird habitat selection (Helzer and Jelinski 1999, Winter and Faaborg 1999, Haire et al. 2000, Soderstrom and Part 2000, Coppedge et al. 2001), we also incorporated landscape parameters that may confound effects of diversity and structure. Prairie bird response to cessation of grazing. Dan Wenny, Ed Anderson (IDNR), Randy Nyboer, and Jim Herkert (TNC)

Winter diet of long-eared owls at Lost Mound. Dan Wenny and Natural Area Guardians

Long-eared owls (Asio otus) formerly nested in northern Illinois. They were removed from the Illinois Endangered Species list because the breeding population has been extirpated. Now long-eared owls occur in Illinois only in the winter, primarily in the northern part of the state. Protecting and maintaining significant winter roost areas may facilitate the establishment of a breeding population as occurred during the recovery of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the midwest. We have located a roost of 30-40 birds at the Lost Mound Unit of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge. This group of birds was the largest report for the species during the Great Backyard Bird count in Feb. 2004 (so large in fact that staff from Cornell questioned the numbers sent in!). Although long-eared owls had been reported from this area in previous years, it appears that the number of owls at Lost Mound in winter has increased since grazing by cattle ceased in 1999. A better understanding of the winter habits of these owls may help with recovery efforts.

Objectives: 1. Determine relative abundance of prey species in Long-eared owl diet from the winters of 2002-03 and 2003-04.

2. Estimate the number of each rodent species eaten over the course of the winter.

3. Measure selected bones to estimate age classes of rodents eaten by the owls (Lyman et al. 2001).

4. Compare relative abundance of rodents in owl diet with past studies of small mammal abundance (Anderson et al. 1994, Hofmann et al. 2000).

5. Compare the results from this study with other studies on owl diets in the Midwest (Cahn and Kemp 1930, Errington 1932, Voight and Glenn-Lewin 1978).

6. Involve volunteers with field station research.

Photo of owl pellets

Seed dispersal by birds and woody encroachment of sand prairie. Dan Wenny, Joan Harmet (Natural Area Guardians), and Randy Nyboer.

We investigated patterns of seed dispersal by birds under different tree species at Lost Mound in JoDaviess County, Illinois. The site is a 4,000 acre sand prairie that has been grazed by cattle for at least 40 years but has not been burned for many years. Control of woody vegetation is a main management issue. Seeds were collected in 75cm X 75cm seed traps made of aluminum window screen supported on a PVC frame 75 cm above the ground. In July 2002 traps were placed underblack cherry (Prunus serotina), honey locust (Gledista tricanthos), red cedar(Juniperus virginiana), and dead trees. Traps were placed under 12 isolated individuals of each species. These treatments represent three of the most common tree species in the prairie and dead trees represent the result of girdling trees (a typical management strategy for controlling woody species in prairies). Seeds were collected monthly, stored in vials and later identified to species. Seed rain varied widely among traps, among treatments, and among months. The number and diversity of seeds was higher under dead trees than live trees and higher under cherry than locust. In March 2003 we girdled the locust trees and we added 12 traps each under box elder (Acer negundo) and black oak (Quercus velutina). As expected, seed rain increased up to four times under dead locusts compared to the live locusts the year before. Seed rain under box elder and oak was lower than under dead trees and species with fleshy fruits that attract birds (cherry, cedar). These results suggest that girdling trees may actually increase woody encroachment under some circumstances. Given a choice and assuming limited time and workforce, site managers should consider removing woody species with fleshy fruits before other species.

Historic endangered and threatened plant species element occurrence updates for Illinois Department of Natural Resources Administrative Region 1. Randy Nyboer, A. Mankowski, and Dan Wenny

The Illinois Natural Heritage Biological Conservation Database (BCD) documents 212 endangered and threatened plant element occurrences that are 8 years or older (at 175 locations in 19 counties representing 81 listed species) for Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) Region 1. It is desirable for these records to be re-surveyed and updated to provide current listed species status and distribution information that is utilized by: the IDNR for the Endangered Species Consultation Process, the Comprehensive Environmental Review Process, Natural Area protection and management, and maintenance of the BCD; the Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board for Species Listing evaluations and Recovery planning; and, the Illinois Nature Preserves Commission for evaluating and engaging in Natural Area management, preservation and protection. With the current Natural Heritage vacancies in Region 1 (three vacancies out of seven positions = <60% staffed) and expected future budget shortfalls, there is a need to contract this work to an outside source.

This proposal is to conduct field surveillance of up to approximately 212 element occurrences over the course of two years. The FY04 work will focus on counties with the highest concentrations of historic plant EOs - Winnebago (54 occurrences), Ogle (44 occurrences), and JoDaviess (39 occurrences) Counties, and adjacent county EOs will be included when time and travel allows. The 2005 work will focus on the remaining EOs (up to 75 occurrences across 16 counties) and additional work on locating selected occurrences searched for but not found in the previous year. Work may also include library and herbarium searches and may require multi-seasonal field checks. GPS coordinates will be recorded for all element occurrences successfully relocated. This proposal acknowledges that due to phenology, annual and seasonal climatic variability, and other potentially site-specific conditions, the confirmation of some EOs may not be possible during this two-year study. A first year report will be completed by December 2004 and will include survey data, summary, progress report, and pertinent maps including copies of all EORs. A final report will be completed by December 2005 and will include the same information for the 2005 work (2004 results should be included in the summary). Locations of any threatened and endangered species, as well as documentation of absences (or “not found”) for historic locations, will be recorded and reported to the Natural Heritage Biological Conservation Database via Element Occurrence Records.

Ecology and conservation of Swainson’s Hawk in Illinois. Dan Wenny, D. Kirk (IDNR), Dave Enstrom (INHS), T. Coleman (UIUC), Ken Paige (UIUC)

A small population of Swainson’s Hawk persists in northeastern Illinois. This population is isolated from the larger western populations by about 500 miles. We propose a basic study to determine habitat requirements, nesting success, and return rates of the Illinois birds. In addition, we will compare the genetic relationship of the Illinois population with two western populations to examine the distinctness of the Illinois population. The results of this study will be used to assess the feasibility of maintaining the population in Illinois and, if appropriate, to develop management guidelines to do so.

Swainson’s Hawk occurs in Illinois only in Kane and possibly McHenry counties. A small population of this species has persisted since presettlement times. Although Swainson’s Hawk is fairly common in the western US, apparently it has always been rare in Illinois (Ridgway 1889, Cory 1909, Bohlen 1989). Swainson’s Hawk is listed as state-endangered in Illinois but no recent studies have been conducted and virtually nothing is known about this population. The Illinois population likely has been isolated from the western populations for over 150 years and information about the ecology of western populations may not apply to the Illinois population.

In the west, Swainson’s hawk is mainly a grassland species (England et al. 1997). In Illinois, this species nests in woodlands imbedded in an agricultural matrix. The rapid changes in land use in this area of Illinois, in particular the decline in agricultural land and projected increase in residential areas (CRBC 1999), may jeopardize the future survival of the hawk. Because Swainson’s Hawks have large home ranges (approximately 20 km2; England et al. 1997) measures taken to protect this species will benefit many other species as well. Although a predatory species, Swainson’s Hawk eat mostly small rodents and large insects (esp. grasshoppers) and are not a threat to livestock or pets. Thus, the hawks and humans can coexist if habitat needs are taken into account (e.g., Brawn and Stotz 2001).

The goals of this project are to locate and monitor all Swainson’s Hawk breeding sites in northeastern Illinois. We seek basic demographic data and patterns of habitat use to estimate the viability of the population and management needs over the next several decades. An additional goal is to determine if the Illinois population is genetically distinct from the western populations. The extent to which the Illinois birds are reproductively isolated from the western populations will help estimate population viability. The information from this project will help prioritize the needs and goals of conservation efforts for Swainson’s Hawk in Illinois. Photo of a Swainson's Hawk nestling

Woody plant invasion of grasslands: interaction between seed dispersal and microhabitat characteristics. Dan Wenny, Christopher J. Whelan (INHS-Midwein), and Norbert J. Cordeiro (Field Museum)

Invasion of grasslands by woody plant species is of global concern. Plant invasion consists of linked processes, beginning with seed arrival and survival, and progressing through seedling germination and establishment, local spread and population growth, to local dominance. Surprisingly, seed arrival, the initial phase of invasion, is little investigated and poorly understood.

Here we propose to investigate seed arrival, survival, and invasion of native and non- native woody plant species into two federally-protected grasslands. Our study sites, the Lost Mound Unit of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge (US Fish & Wildlife Service and the Illinois DNR) and Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie (US Forest Service and IDNR), are both designated prairie restorations. Invasion of the grasslands at both Lost Mound, a remnant sand prairie, and Midewin, a remnant tallgrass prairie, is a major management issue. The two sites differ in soil type, but otherwise offer unique and highly replicated microhabitats. Both sites include over 100 identical, equally spaced earth- covered storage structures built over 60 years ago. These structures are now vacant and have become incorporated into the grassland habitat. The structures are identically- oriented mounds that provide five different microhabitats with respect to aspect, soil moisture, and wind exposure. Each microhabitat thus offers distinct environmental conditions for plant invasion. We include both native and non-native woody plant species because much of the past work on invasive species focused on non-native species without comparative data on native species. Comparison of seed arrival and survival for native and non-native plants across a gradient of microhabitat conditions has strong potential to reveal critical differences in the invasion process that can be used to develop adaptive control strategies for non- native invasive species. Because both sites have similar land- use history over the past 60 years and provide this unique and highly replicated set of microhabitats for experimentation, our proposed study uniquely limits confounding factors and helps to pinpoint specific limitations or promoters of woody plant invasion.

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > Policies LOST MOUND FIELD LOST MOUND FIELD STATION POLICIES STATION The Lost Mound Field Station policies are under development. Researchers interested in conducting work at Lost Mound should contact us and plan a site visit for general orientation. Work on federal refuge lands or on Illinois State Nature Preserves requires a special use permit. For research on the federal portion of Lost Mound read these guidelines (PDF) and fill out this permit request (Word document.) For research in State Nature Preserves (such as the nearby sand prairies Ayers and Thomson-Fulton) find more information here:http://dnr.state.il.us/INPC/stewardship.htm

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United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge 7071 Riverview Road Thomson, Illinois 61285 September 18, 2008

Guidelines for Issuance of Special Use Permits – Lost Mound Unit

Due to environmental concerns (including unexploded ordnance) at the Lost Mound Unit (former Savanna Army Depot), all activities to be conducted within the restricted area (area located behind the red gates where public access is not allowed) require a Special Use Permit. Permits are not required for activities conducted by staff assigned direct work responsibilities at Lost Mound or for staff conducted tours.

In order to conduct an activity within the restricted area at Lost Mound, a Request for Special Use Permit application must be submitted to the District Manager through email ([email protected]), fax (815-273-2960), or mail (7071 Riverview Road, Thomson IL 61285). The permit application review process may take several days, so you should submit the permit application considering there will be a delay from the time of submittal until approval. After permit approval, a Safety Training session must be completed to become familiar with the environmental concerns at Lost Mound prior to entering the restricted area. Refer any questions to District Manager Ed Britton at 815-273-2732 x11 or the Lost Mound Site Manager Alan Anderson at 815-273-3184.

Every activity to be conducted within the restricted area at Lost Mound requires a Special Use Permit. This includes the use of volunteers, researchers, recyclers, and other state or federal staff that do not have specific work responsibilities at Lost Mound. Each Request for Special Use Permit will be evaluated on its merit and value to the Lost Mound program. Projects to be issued Special Use Permits must show a benefit to the Lost Mound program, i.e., the activity should provide information that will assist with management decisions, be of scientific and/or educational value, promote partnership and/or public support, or be of intrinsic value to the conservation of natural resources at Lost Mound.

Special Use Permits are issued for a specific time frame and all permits expire September 30 annually. Activities that extend beyond September 30 will need to be re-applied for in advance to continue after this date. Also, the Safety Training session must be completed annually if the activity extends more than one year. A report of activity must be submitted to the District Manager within 30 days after completion of the activity. Activities that extend for more than one year require an updated status report be submitted to the District Manager prior to a request for permit renewal. All publications relating to permit activities must be submitted to the District Manager in a timely manner. All information/products resulting from permit activities can be used by the Fish & Wildlife Service.

The following special conditions apply to all permits: the Lost Mound Site Manager must be advised of scheduled site visits; access is allowed only to specific areas for specific activities and not to all restricted areas; permittees will initially have to be escorted to the area of approved activity; only the individuals listed on the permit are allowed to enter the restricted area; individuals are not allowed access to any areas off the roadway unless accompanied by Lost Mound staff or there is prior approval from the District Manager or the Lost Mound Site Manager; all gates must be kept closed and locked; vehicles must display an identification tag that will be issued with the permit; if a gate key is issued, there must be strict control of the key and no unauthorized use; the permittee must be familiar with specific hazards such as the Range Fan and kick-out zones and abide by all Exclusion Zones (areas closed to access due to ongoing environmental investigations); the sale of any item (e.g., photographs, reports, publications) obtained from activities conducted within the restricted area is prohibited.

Violation of any conditions of the Special Use Permit, by the Permittee or others working on the project, may result in immediate revocation of the permit. In addition, any violation of permit conditions deemed serious may result in law enforcement action.

United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge 7071 Riverview Road Thomson, Illinois 61285 July 9, 2008

REQUEST FOR SPECIAL USE PERMIT

Date of Request: ______Phone (daytime or cell): ______Name: ______Email address: ______Address: ______Affiliation: ______

1. Project Name:

2. Proposed Project Start/End Dates: also identify if this is a continuing study that has previously been issued a Special Use Permit; if previously issued a permit, then you will need to provide a report update with this request.

3. Names, addresses, phone numbers of all participants in project: if unknown or too numerous, identify a general category, e.g., college biology classroom.

4. Project Description: provide a description of the activities to be conducted or attach a study proposal.

5. Project Duration: describe how often field activities will be conducted or attach a study schedule.

6. Supervisor’s Name, if applicable: ______Daytime/Cell Phone: ______Supervisor’s Address: ______

7. Will there be any collection of plants or animals? Yes or No If yes, identify what will be collected and attach a copy of your current state or federal permits, if required.

8. Is access being requested into the restricted areas of Lost Mound Unit? Yes or No

Do Not Write Below This Line – For Official Use Only______

Date proposal received: ______Date proposal reviewed: ______Reviewer’s approval: ______Reviewer’s approval with restrictions: ______Identify restrictions: ______Reviewer’s disapproval: ______Reason for disapproval: Illinois Natural History Survey | Illinois State Archaeological Survey | Illinois State Geological Survey | Illinois State Water Survey | Illinois Sustainable Technology Center

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > Conferences LOST MOUND FIELD CONFERENCES AT LOST MOUND STATION Lost Mound staff organized a conference on sand prairie ecology. The conference was held in April 2004 and featured over 20 speakers and 100 participants from 8 states. Highlights included a field trip to the sand prairies, a lunch sponsored by the Northwest Illinois Audubon Society (NIAS) featuring mostly organic or locally-produced food, and breaks with shade-grown coffee and homemade treats sponsored by the Natural Area Guardians, Prairie Enthusiasts, NIAS, and Wild Birds Unlimited.

Another conference is tentatively planned for 2010 to coincide with the 100th anniversary of Henry Allan Gleason’s field work on sand prairie plant communities at what is now Lost Background & History Mound. If you are interested in presenting your research on any aspect of the ecology or conservation of sand-based habitats please contact us ([email protected]). Directions

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Illinois Natural History Survey Terms of use. Email the Web Administrator with questions or comments. © 2020 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. All rights reserved. 1816 South Oak Street, MC 652 For permissions information, contact the Illinois Natural History Survey. Champaign, IL 61820 217-333-6880 Staff Intranet [email protected] Login Lost Mound Sand Prairie Conference April 15-17 2004 Schedule

Time Speaker Affiliation Topic Thursday April 15 12:00 Registration 1:00 Introduction Introduction 1:20 Ken Robertson (T,F) INHS Early Surveys by Henry Allan Gleason of the Vegetation Found in Illinois Sand Deposits 1:40 Ken Lubinski (T) USGS The landscape context of sand prairies 2:00 Patti Reilly IDNR Sand Prairies and the Illinois Natural Areas Inventory 2:20 John Ebinger Eastern Illinois Vegetation of the sand deposits of Illinois: An University overview 2:40 Steve Simpson (T) Highland Community Geology of driftless region and sand deposits College 3:00 Break sponsored by Jo Daviess County Natural Area Guardians 3:20 Eric Ribbens Western Illinois Ecology of fragile prickly pear cactus University 3:40 Ann Claerbout Eastern Illinois Populations of Stylisma pickeringii in sand University prairies on private and public lands of Illinois 4:00 Mike Engel USFWS Karner blue butterfly ecology and reintroduction 4:20 Ricky Spencer Iowa State Univ. Long term research into the terrestrial and aquatic reptilian fauna of sand prairies in Thomson, Illinois 4:40 Jeff Walk (T,F) IDNR The Illinois Greater Prairie-Chicken Recovery Plan Friday April 16 6:30 Breakfast Continental Breakfast 8:00 Bus to Lost Mound USFWS/IDNR Field Trip 12:00 Lunch Lunch 1:00 Ed Britton USFWS Opening remarks on Lost Mound 1:10 Steve Richter (T,F) Wisconsin TNC Ecology and management of Spring Green preserve, Wisconsin 1:30 Randy Nÿboer Illinois Endangered Endangered and Threatened Species at Lost Species Protection Mound Board 1:40 Dan Wenny INHS-Lost Mound Sand prairie bird response to cessation of grazing 1:55 Chris Whelan INHS-Midewin Links among birds, insect prey, and grass height 2:10 Joyce Hofmann INHS Small mammal survey of upland sand habitats at Lost Mound 2:30 Jeff Walk (T,F) IDNR Illinois non-game conservation programs 2:45 Break sponsored by NW Illinois Audubon Society and Friends of the Upper Mississippi River Refuge 3:00 Marlin Bowles Morton Arboretum Long-term vegetation change in sand prairies in relation to fire 3:30 Bill Handel (T,F) INHS Prairie restoration and management in NW Illinois 4:00 Amy Symstad USGS Proposed restoration goals for Lost Mound sand prairie vegetation 4:30 Jim Rachuy Prairie Enthusiasts What should we do with “Primm’s” Pond? 5:00 Bus back to Chestnut Mt. Saturday April 17 6:30 Breakfast Full Breakfast 8:30 Chip O'Leary Indiana TNC Kankakee sands restoration 8:50 Janeen Laatsch Wisc. DNR Species composition and results of interseeding at a degraded sand prairie in Southeast Missouri. 9:10 Chad Kirschbaum E. Michigan University Restoration of midwest oak barrens: structural manipulation or process-only? 9:30 Ron Panzer Northeastern Illinois Status and distribution of conservative insect University species within sand prairies and savannas in Illinois, Indiana and southeastern Wisconsin. 10:00 Break sponsored by Prairie Enthusiasts 10:20 Mike Arduser Missouri Dept. Bees of Midwestern Sand Prairies Conservation 10:40 John Taft INHS Comparison of direct and weighted diversity indices for application in prairie conservation and restoration: insights from floristic composition 11:00 Randy Nÿboer Illinois Endangered Ornate box turtle ecology Species Board

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > Field Trips LOST MOUND FIELD FIELD TRIPS AT LOST MOUND UNIT STATION

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Conferences Anderson (815-273-3184) to inquire about dates and topics for field trips.

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > Programs LOST MOUND FIELD PROGRAMS AT LOST MOUND UNIT STATION Lost Mound staff are working with the Jo Daviess County Natural Area Guardians to develop an educational program on prairie ecology and management. The program is designed for grades 4 through 8 and will revolve around visits to the same site several times during the school year to observe the changes in vegetation and species behavior. We hope to have this program up and running by fall 2005. More details will be available soon. Teachers interested in this program please call us.

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > Volunteer LOST MOUND FIELD VOLUNTEERS AT LOST MOUND UNIT STATION Volunteers can assist with many of the activities at Lost Mound. Because of restricted access to much of the site, volunteering is one of the best ways to see more of Lost Mound and to learn about current projects. The Natural Area Guardians monitor 30 bluebird boxes March – September every year. In the past we have had volunteers help clear brush, build a greenhouse and weather station, count cacti, census grassland birds, harvest prairie seed for restoration projects and monitor bald eagles. Both Lost Mound staff and visiting researchers can often use help from volunteers.

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Photo of Eastern Bluebirds on a nest box Photo of a greenhouse built with help from volunteers

Photo of a weather station built with help from volunteers Photo harvesting prairie seeds for a restoration project

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > Graduate Students

LOST MOUND FIELD GRADUATE OPPORTUNITIES AT LOST MOUND UNIT STATION Graduate opportunities are available for both MS and PhD-level students through programs at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where Dan Wenny is an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences. Dan is also a member of the Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology in the School of Life Sciences. His primary interests include grassland birds, prairie/savanna restoration, seed dispersal and seed predation, invasive species, and tropical ecology. Potential students should contact Dr. Wenny about their potential interest in working with him. Students typically spend the school year at the Champaign-Urbana campus taking courses and work at the field station during summers to collect their data and interact directly with the field station staff. Full-time work at the field Background & History station is possible with grant support. Directions

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Home > Fieldstations > Lost Mound > LOST MOUND FIELD Staff STATION LOST MOUND STAFF

Ed Anderson Division of Natural Heritage Illinois Department of Natural Resources [email protected]

Ed Britton Savanna District Manager Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge US Fish and Wildlife Service Background & History [email protected] Directions

Habitats Dan Wenny Avian Ecologist Photo Gallery Illinois Natural History Survey Species Lists Director of Field Station research Current Research [email protected]

Research Policies Conferences Contact us: Field Trips Lost Mound Field Station Programs 3159 Crim Dr. Volunteer Savanna, IL 61074 USA Graduate Student Opportunities PH: 815-273-3184 FX: 815-273-1132 Staff