Eurasia As an Island

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Eurasia As an Island Основной проект Main Project Евразия как остров eurasia as an island 1. евразийское многообразие царь Петр Великий взял в плен в сражении 1. eurasian diversity west. Peter the Great not only Europeanised под Полтавой в 1709 году. До Штрален‑ Russia, he also literally dragged its Единственное, что мы знаем о Евразии на‑ берга границу было принято проводить The only thing we know for certain about landmass into Europe. And he did so by верняка, — что это самый большой остров намного западнее. Петр Великий не только Eurasia is that it is the largest island in the using a typical European device, that of в мире. европеизировал Россию, но и буквально world. the border as a clean cut. He reinforced Когда M HKa, Музей современного перенес большой ее кусок в Европу. Он When M HKA, Antwerp’s contem- Europe, in the heyday of colonialism. Tsarist искусства в Антверпене, начал имено‑ сделал это типично европейским спосо‑ porary art museum, started to call itself Russia can very well be seen as one of the вать себя Евразийским музеем, это было бом, проведя четкую границу. Царь Петр a Eurasian museum it did so mainly to global European empires,1 but its expansion сделано в первую очередь для того, чтобы укрепил Европу во время расцвета ее address the fearsome problems of how took place within a coherent geographical обратить внимание на зловещие вопросы колониальной экспансии. Царскую Россию the different parts of this vast landmass territory, bringing with it very specific forms родства разных частей этого огромного вполне можно рассматривать как одну connect to each other. The artists it of internal colonisation.2 Also, turning the континента. Художники, чьи работы музей из крупных европейских империй1. Россий‑ embraced as prime references for this Ural Mountains into a border for Europe at считает первыми шагами на этом пути, — ский способ колониализации был связан move, Joseph Beuys and Jimmie Durham, the same time obliged European Russia to Йозеф Бойс и Джимми Дарем — не имеют с завоеванием соседних земель, что при‑ do not have solutions for the complexity engage with Asia. готовых ответов на сложные вопросы; они, вело к появлению весьма специфических of Eurasia; rather, they voice aspirations in Eurasia is so vast that it is hard to скорее, показывают направление для даль‑ механизмов внутренней колонизации2. relation to it. perceive as the single landmass, which it is. нейшей деятельности. Кроме того, превращение Урала в рубеж We usually call large islands The continent is riddled with links between Большие острова мы обычно именуем Европы имело и другую сторону: так Евро‑ “continents”, to make them more its different locations, which can thereby «континентами», чтобы проще было иметь пейская Россия оказывалась вынуждена manageable. And Eurasia seems to always feel connected even if they are very far с ними дело. Евразия, кажется, всегда вступить в отношения с Азией. have been too much. As a geological term apart. The New Delhi-based artist group была чересчур большим островом. Поня‑ Евразия настолько огромна, что ее the name became widely used after 1883, Raqs Media Collective, believing in precise тие «Евразия» стало широко употребляться трудно воспринимать как единый конти‑ when the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess understanding, often delve into the Proto- в геологии с 1883 года, после того как ав‑ нент. Она вся пронизана звеньями, свя‑ published his book Das Antlitz der Erde, Indo-European past to search for common стрийский геолог Эдуард Зюсс опублико‑ зывающими между собой даже самые (“The Face of the Earth”). Most of the meaning. This culture of steppe dwellers, вал свою знаменитую книгу «Лик Земли» отдаленные ее части. raqs Media collective, continent — apart from India, the Arabian thought by many researchers now to have (Das antlitz der erde). Большая часть этого группа художников из Нью‑Дели, верую‑ peninsula and eastern Siberia — is on originated from the southern Ukraine and континента, — собственно, все, кроме щих в точное понимание, то и дело, в поис‑ the Eurasian tectonic plate. In vernacular the region around the southern end of the Индии, Аравийского полуострова и Восточ‑ ках общих смыслов, погружается в праин‑ usage, however, it remains divided in two Urals,3 is a fundament for Eastern Slavonic ной Сибири, — находится на Евразийской доевропейское прошлое. Культура степных parts, following the ancient Greek tradition nation-building but also for the ancient тектонической плите. Однако носители ев‑ жителей, возникшая, по мнению исследо‑ of the three continents. For the Greeks, Iranian religion, and the belief system разийских языков по‑прежнему делят свой вателей, на Южной Украине и в районах the border between Europe and Asia went formulated in the early Vedic texts — континент на две части, следуя древнегре‑ вокруг Южного Урала3, послужила отправ‑ from the Aegean Sea, over the Bosporus, a shared heritage that may be ческой традиции деления мира на три кон‑ ной точкой и для формирования восточных through the Black Sea, via the Kerch Strait uncomfortable to Indian, Iranian and тинента. У греков граница между Европой славянских народностей, и для древней and through the Sea of Azov. The Romans Russian nationalists alike. и Азией шла от Эгейского моря, проходила религии Ирана, и для системы верований, extended this line of division further inland, Chinese President Xi Jinping, по Босфору, через Черное море, через описанной в ранних ведических текстах. along the river Don. believing in the primacy of the economy, Керченский пролив по Азовскому морю. Это общее наследие может быть одина‑ The presently accepted borders recently proposed the development of a Римляне провели границу дальше, вглубь ково неудобно и индийским, и иранским, between Europe and Asia, with the Ural new Silk Road. He conceives it as a zone материка, по реке Дон. и русским националистам. Mountains as a main reference, are the of economic development, with a land Нынешняя общепризнанная граница Глава Китая Си Цзиньпин, верующий outcome of the work done by Philip Johan route through Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, (основной частью которой являются Ураль‑ в примат экономики, недавно выступил von Strahlenberg, a Swedish-German Tajikistan, Iran and Turkey. In Istanbul this ские горы) между Европой и Азией — плод с предложением создать новый Шелко‑ officer taken prisoner by Peter the Great route would make an elegant turn towards трудов Филиппа Юхана Штраленберга, вый путь. В его понимании, это будет зона after the Swedish defeat at Poltava in 1709. Moscow, to continue from there through шведско‑немецкого ученого, которого экономического развития с сухопутной Earlier the border had been drawn further Belarus, Poland and Germany, all the way 48 Московская биеннале современного искусства Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art 49 Основной проект евразия как остров Main Project eurasia as an island дорогой через Казахстан, Киргизию, Тад‑ 01 Мартен ванден Абеле 01 жикистан, Иран и Турцию. В Стамбуле эта портрет валентины Чжоу, Бельвиль, париж. дорога сделает изящный поворот в сторо‑ из серии «евразийки» ну Москвы, оттуда пойдет по Белоруссии, 1997 С‑print, 80 х 120 Польше, Германии, дальше через Нидер‑ © Мартен ванден Абеле ланды в Венецию, а там вольется в мор‑ courtesy: художник ской путь4. Покойный турецкий художник Хюсейин Бахры Алптекын, веровавший смешения различных рас. Меньшая часть в сложность личного опыта, выступал их происходила от браков между пред‑ в поддержку открытости своего родного ставительницами знатных мусульман‑ евразийского города Стамбула, создав ских семей и английскими чиновниками, проект «Турагентство “Морской слон”». а большая была отпрысками португаль‑ Проект предлагал отправиться в круиз ских и ирландских младших офицеров, по Черному морю из Стамбула, вместе живших в Индии. Наиболее известными с художниками и мыслителями из Стам‑ сторонниками принадлежности этих людей була и других регионов, по дороге заходя к евразийской расе были Энтони Феррин‑ в разные порты. ги, индусский мистик и поэт, писавший «Этот вид карты постоянно меняется на бенгальском языке, и Генри Луи Вивьен из‑за больших и маленьких передвижений, Дерозио, поэт и мыслитель, приверженец личных и коллективных решений людей; радикальных взглядов. Идентификация там каждый мужчина и каждая женщина евразийцев как потомков метисов суще‑ берут свою судьбу в собственные руки ствует и в наши дни. Один из примеров — и движутся, изменяя землю, до тех пор, работа фламандского художника Мартена пока родина не придет за ними туда, где ванден Абеле. Это серия портретов пари‑ они находятся. <…> Все шаги и все пере‑ жанок, считающих себя «евразийками». движения изменяют форму карты, как буд‑ Кто, если не эти люди «смешанной расы», то бы это была боксерская груша»5. еще мог бы называть себя евразийцами, Хотя Алптекын основывал свой про‑ для кого это могло бы быть так же есте‑ ект на «местной» версии жюль‑верновской ственно, как для множества африканцев — истории о человеке, который отказывался идентифицировать себя со своим конти‑ уплатить пошлину за проезд по Босфору нентом? из европейской части Стамбула в азиат‑ скую, — он не хотел ни углубляться в раз‑ 2. совсем иная компания мышления о геополитическом положении турецкой нации, ни пытаться связать ее Существовало и совершенно иное множе‑ с носителями тюркских языков, распро‑ ство людей, считавших себя евразийцами. страненных в настоящее время по всей Это группа интеллектуалов, чья деятель‑ Центральной Азии, в северо‑западной ность принесла плоды в самых разных части Китая и в Северо‑Западной Сибири. сферах. После Гражданской войны Остров
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