Two-Mile Visual Ape Architectural Survey

TWO-MILE VISUAL APE ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY

FOR THE PROPOSED HORSESHOE SOLAR PROJECT,

TOWN OF CALEDONIA, LIVINGSTON COUNTY, AND Northeast Branch 2390 Clinton Street Buffalo, NY 14227 Tel: (716) 821-1650 TOWN OF RUSH, MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK. Fax: (716) 821-1607

Southeast Branch 2301 Paul Bryant Drive NYSHPO# 18PR07941 Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 Tel: (205) 556-3096 Fax: (205) 556-1144

Mid-South Branch 91 Tillman Street Prepared for: Memphis, TN 38111 Tel: (901) 454-4733 Fax: (901) 454-4736 INVENERGY One South Wacker Drive, Suite 1800 Corporate Headquarters P.O. Box 20884 Chicago, Illinois 60606 Tuscaloosa, AL 35402 Tel: (205) 248-8767 Fax: (205) 248-8739

Prepared by:

PANAMERICAN CONSULTANTS, INC. Buffalo Branch Office 2390 Clinton Street Buffalo, New York 14227 (716) 821-1650

February 2020

TWO-MILE VISUAL APE ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY

FOR THE PROPOSED HORSESHOE SOLAR PROJECT,

TOWN OF CALEDONIA, LIVINGSTON COUNTY, AND

TOWN OF RUSH, MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK

NYSHPO# 18PR07941

Prepared for:

INVENERGY One South Wacker Drive, Suite 1800 Chicago, Illinois 60606

Prepared by:

Christine M. Longiaru, M.A., Principal Investigator Mark Steinback, M.A., Project Director

PANAMERICAN CONSULTANTS, INC. 2390 Clinton Street Buffalo, New York 14227-1735 (716) 821-1650 Fax (716) 821-1607

February 2020

Management Summary

SHPO Project Review Number: 18PR07941

Involved State and Federal Agencies: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE; Lead Agency), New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), and NYS Department of Public Service (DPS)

Phase of Survey: Two-mile Visual APE Architectural Survey (Reconnaissance)

Project Location Information: Minor Civil Division: Towns of Caledonia (MCD 05102) and Rush (MCD 05516) County: Livingston and Monroe

Direct APE Study Area: 2,768 acres (1,120 hectares)

Livingston County: Towns of Avon, Caledonia, and York (05117); Village of Avon (MCD 05143) Monroe: Towns of Caledonia, Rush, Wheatland (MCD 05519); Village of Caledonia (MCD 05144).

Two-mile Visual APE Survey Area (Metric & English): +56.06 sq. mi. (+35,878.4 acres); Area of visibility area +36.7 sq. mi. (+23,488 acres)

USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Map: Caledonia, NY 1984 [1950], Rush, NY 1997 [1971])

Results of Historic Resources Survey: Number of S/NRHP-Listed resources: 3 Number of previously determined S/NRHP-Eligible individual resources: 9 Number of previously determined S/NRHP-Eligible Historic Districts resources: 2 Number of newly recommended S/NRHP-Eligible individual: 22 Number of recommended S/NRHP-Eligible Historic Districts: None Number of recommended State/National eligibility status “Undetermined”: 9 Number of Recommended “Not eligible” for listing in S/NRHP (individual): 3

Report Author(s): C.M. Longiaru, M. Steinback

Date of Report: February 2020

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. ii Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Table of Contents

Management Summary ...... ii List of Figures and Tables ...... iv

1.0 Introduction ...... 1-1 1.1 Project Description ...... 1-1 1.2 Visual Area of Potential Effect ...... 1-2

2.0 Context and Background Research ...... 2-1 2.1 Selected Historic Maps ...... 2-8

3.0 Methodology ...... 3-1 3.1 National Register Criteria ...... 3-1 3.2 Assessment of Adverse Effects to Historic Properties ...... 3-1 3.3 Project Consultation ...... 3-3 3.4 Previous Architectural Resources Surveys in the Study Area ...... 3-3 3.5 Survey Methods ...... 3-7

4.0 Historic Resources Survey Results ...... 4-1 4.1 Town of Avon (MCD 05101), Livingston County ...... 4-2 4.2 Town of Caledonia (MCD 05102), Livingston County ...... 4-2 4.3 Town of York (MCD 05117), Livingston County ...... 4-3 4.4 Village of Avon (MCD 05143), Livingston County ...... 4-3 4.5 Village of Caledonia (MCD 05144), Livingston County ...... 4-4 4.6 Town of Rush (MCD 05516), Monroe County ...... 4-4 4.7 Town of Wheatland (MCD 05519), Monroe County ...... 4-6

5.0 Visual Impacts to Architectural Resources ...... 5-1

6.0 Mitigation of Visual Impacts ...... 6-1

7.0 References ...... 7-1

Appendix A: Project Survey Map: Locations of Historic Properties in the Visual APE Appendix B: Annotated List: Architectural Resources Appendix C: Wells Barns

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. iii Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey List of Figures and Tables

FIGURE PAGE

1.1 Location of the Horseshoe Solar Energy Project in the Towns of Caledonia and Rush, Livingston and Monroe Counties, New York ...... 1-3

1.2. Horseshoe Solar Energy Project Location with 2-mile visual APE study area in Livingston and Monroe Counties ...... 1-4

1.3 Location of the project area in the Towns of Caledonia and Rush, Livingston and Monroe Counties, New York ...... 1-5

2.1 Map of the Genesee Valley Canal in the Town of Caledonia, ca. 1855, showing approximate location of the project area ...... 2-4

2.2 The approximate location of the project area in the Towns of Caledonia in 1872 ...... 2-8

2.3 The approximate location of the project area in the Town of Rush in 1872 ...... 2-9

2.4 The approximate location of the project area in the Town of Caledonia in 1902 ...... 2-10

2.5 The approximate location of the project area in the Town of Rush in 1902 ...... 2-11

2.6 The approximate location of the project area in the Town of Rush in 1924 ...... 2-12

5.1 Frequency of structures relative to nearest distance from APE ...... 5-2

TABLE

3.1 Previously Inventoried Resources in the Horseshoe Solar study area ...... 3-5

4.1 Architectural Survey Results: Historic Resources in Horseshoe Solar Visual APE ...... 4-7

5.1 Previously surveyed properties in the viewshed of Horseshoe Solar Project and visual impacts of project solar panels and project facilities ...... 5-3

5.2 Newly surveyed properties in the viewshed of Horseshoe Solar Project and visual impacts of project solar panels and project facilities without USNs ...... 5-5

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. iv Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey 1.0 Introduction

Panamerican Consultants, Inc., was contracted by Horseshoe Solar Energy LLC (HSS), a subsidiary of Invenergy, to conduct a Two-Mile Visual Area of Potential Effect (APE) historic resources survey for the proposed Horseshoe Solar power generation project in the Towns of Caledonia, Livingston County, and Rush, Monroe County, New York, where HSS is planning to construct a solar power generating facility (Figures 1.1 through 1.3). The historic architectural resources survey was prepared as part of review of the HSS facility under Article 10 (Certification of Major Electrical Generating Facilities) of the New York State Public Service Law. The information and recommendations included in this report are intended to assist the Department of Public Service (DPS) and the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) in their review of the proposed Facility in accordance with Article 10.

As described in 16 NYCRR § 1001.20 (Exhibit 20: Cultural Resources), an Article 10 application must include:

(b) A study of the impacts of the construction and operation of the facility and the interconnections and related facilities on historic resources, including the results of field inspections and consultation with local historic preservation groups to identify sites or structures listed or eligible for listing on the State or National Register of Historic Places within the viewshed of the facility and within the study area, including an analysis of potential impact on any standing structures which appear to be at least 50 years old and potentially eligible for listing in the State or National Register of Historic Places, based on an assessment by a person qualified pursuant to federal regulation (36 C.F.R. 61).

The purpose of the historic resources survey is to assess all buildings/structures 50 years old or older within the study area to determine potential New York State/National Register of Historic Places (S/NRHP) eligibility of each resource using the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. The historic resources survey also identifies those resources previously determined eligible for inclusion in or already listed in the S/NRHP. The survey was conducted by qualified architectural historians and historian meeting the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Historic preservation Projects (36 CFR 61). This study only addresses historic architectural resources. Panamerican has conducted a separate archaeological investigation for proposed Facility.

Panamerican’s historic resources survey methodology follows the general guidance provided in the NYSHPO Guidelines for Wind Farm Development Cultural Resources Survey Work (2006). The survey was conducted in compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act (as amended), the National Environmental Policy Act, the New York State Historic Preservation Act, and the New York State Environmental Quality Review Act, as well as all relevant federal and state legislation. The field investigation was conducted during July 2019. Senior Architectural Historian Ms. Christine M. Longiaru, M.A., served as Principal Investigator. Senior Historian Mr. Mark A. Steinback, M.A., was Project Historian and Project Director.

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed Facility is to have a maximum generating capability of 180 megawatts (MW) from solar panels located on land leased from owners of private property located in Caledonia, Livingston County and in Rush, Monroe County, New York (Figure 1.2).1 The Facility will include fixed-tilt racking or single axistracker photo-voltaic (PV) panels, together with the associated support infrastructure. The Facility Site encompasses all parcels, approximately 3,800 acres of land, on which HSS expects to locate Project facilities (Figures 1.2 and 1.3). Of the 1,497 acres of Available Buildable Area, approximately 1,260 acres of land is required for the proposed HSS solar facility. No improvements are proposed outside of the Facility Site, and existing land uses will remain

1 The term “Facility” refers collectively to all components of the proposed project.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 1-1 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey The Facility Site is centered on the easternmost portion of the Town of Caledonia, and extends eastward slightly into the Town of Rush in the southern portion of Monroe County.

Project facilities will include the following: solar panels and racking, access roads, inverters, buried and overhead electric collection lines, a Project substation, an operation and maintenance (O&M) building, and electrical interconnection facilities. The anticipated life of the project is approximately 35 years. HSS anticipates the interconnection facilities will include a 115-kV switchyard built adjacent to National Grid’s Golah-Batavia 115 kV line. The project substation may be located adjacent to the solar panel area or may be co-located with the switchyard. Further engineering is required to determine this. HSS anticipates the project will interconnect at National Grid's existing 115 kV Golah Substation, and that the project substation will be immediately southeast of Golah. An alternative point of interconnection POI location is approximately 2 miles west, along National Grid's Golah-Batavia 115 kV line. This alternative POI will only be used if unanticipated issues prevent interconnection at Golah substation.

The Facility Site is an irregular-shaped area generally oriented southwest to northeast and containing approximately 2,768 acres (1,120 hectares).

1.2 VISUAL AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECT

The Visual Area of Potential Effect (APE for Indirect Effects) is shown Project survey map in Appendix A, Figure 1.1 Project Survey Map. The APE is defined as the area from which the proposed undertaking may be visible within a two-mile distance around the outer limits of the proposed solar project based on general guidance in NYSHPO’s Guidelines for Wind Farm Development Cultural Resources Survey Work (2006). While the Article 10 regulations suggest a five-mile study area radius, a smaller radius was determined appropriate for solar projects due to their relative low profile. The PV panels including racking will not exceed 17-feet high. Panamerican consulted with OPRHP to confirm the two-mile visual APE study area for the Project.

The visual APE study area consists of an area totaling approximately ): +56.06 square miles (+35,878.4 acres). A topographic-based viewshed was generated for the Visual APE (OPRHP 2006). The potential visibility area is approximately +36.7 sq. mi. (+23,488 acres) or 65 percent of the entire study area. Municipalities in or partially in the study area include:

Livingston County Monroe County  Avon (Town and Village)  Rush (Town)  Caledonia (Town and Village)  Wheatland (Town)  York (Town

Potential visual impacts to architectural resources—topographic viewshed only—are presented in Section 5.0 of this report. Environmental Design and Research (EDR) is conducting the Visual Impact Assessment (VIA) for the Project. The VIA identifies visually sensitive resources in the study area (a two - mile radius around the Project site) and the Extended Study Area which extends five miles from the Project site.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 1-2 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Figure 1.1. Location of the Horseshoe Solar Energy Project in the Towns of Caledonia and Rush, Livingston and Monroe Counties, New York (EDR October 2019).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 1-3 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Figure 1.2. Horseshoe Solar Energy Project Location with 2-mile visual APE study area in Livingston and Monroe Counties (EDR October 2019).2

2 See Appendix A for the Project Survey Map.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 1-4 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Figure 1.3. Location of the project area in the Towns of Caledonia and Rush, Livingston and Monroe Counties, New York (USGS Caledonia, NY 1984 [1950]; Rush, NY 1997 [1971]).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 1-5 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey 2.0 Context and Background Research

Protohistoric/Contact Period Summary. Archaeological evidence exists for Native American occupation at and around what is now the village of Avon prior to 1779, although no documentary data has been recovered. Follett (n.d.) believed a Seneca village lay just east of the study area on the south side of the present Route 5 (described by Parker 1922:592). An occupation identified as “Genesee Castle” was noted along the west bank of the Genesee south of the future Canawaugus reservation. The village was noted to contain approximately 130 houses and was reputed to have been razed during General Sullivan’s 1779 campaign during the Revolutionary War (Jordan 2002:332; Abler and Tooker 1978:508). During that campaign, a detachment of soldiers was reportedly dispatched along the west side of Genesee and destroyed the villages of Canawaugus and Big Tree, although Sullivan reported that he never sent men that far (Doty and Duganne 1876:203). A Haudenosaunee village called Canawaugus was located on the east side of the Genesee River in proximity to the current location of the Village of Avon during the early to mid-portion of then eighteenth century before it relocated to the west side of the river after the American Revolution (Doty 1905; Parker 1922).1

Historical Context. By 1687, Seneca settlement was established in what is now the Town of Victor, New York, at the Boughton Hill site (or Ganondagan, now a New York State Park). At that date, the French expedition under the direction of Jacques-Rene de Brisay, marquis de Denonville destroyed it and three other Seneca habitations and the surrounding corn crop before the French retreated to what is now Fort Niagara. Throughout the subsequent half-century of peace between the Europeans and the Seneca, the Seneca expanded their influence over the beaver trade to the south and west, but did not resettle the towns destroyed by the French. Subsequent Seneca settlements trended both eastward toward the Canadaigua and Geneva areas and the Finger Lakes and westward through the Genesee Valley (Abler and Tooker 1978:505-507; Wray and Schoff 1953:53; Jordan 2002:15).

During the American Revolution, both the British and Americans enlisted the aid of individual Haudenosaunee nations in their battles in the frontier, although the Confederacy itself maintained an official policy of neutrality; several of the nations allied with Great Britain and several with the Americans. As a result, Major General John Sullivan led a punitive assault into the heart of Haudenosaunee country in an effort to halt incursions against the settlers in the Mohawk and Cherry valleys. In 1779, Sullivan’s army moved up the east side of Seneca Lake, adopted "scorched earth" tactics, and destroyed everything in its path. The swath of destruction stretched from Newtown (present-day Elmira) all the way to Canandaigua and Honeoye to the Genesee Valley. Seeking refuge in the Niagara River valley, many Haudenosaunee, burned out of their Central New York homes, suffered through a difficult winter of hardship and hunger. They remained in this area until after the completion of the Treaty of Paris (Abler and Tooker 1978:507-508; Ellis et al. 1967:115-117; Tooker 1978a:435). Provisioned and armed by the British, groups of Haudenosaunee periodically attacked colonial settlements until the end of the war, although the Seneca were no longer a major military threat.

The British and their Loyalist allies were expelled from the new United States after the Treaty of Paris (1783) ended the Revolutionary War, and they settled on the west bank of the Niagara River in what was then called Upper Canada, although the British did not vacate forts at Niagara and Oswego until 1796. The Haudenosaunee, abandoned in the United States by their British allies after the Treaty of Paris, were forced to make peace as separate nations with the Americans, who aspired to usurp their lands. During these negotiations the individual nations as well as individuals themselves had to decide whether to live in the United States or relocate to Canada. “Some Senecas determined that they would continue to live in the Genesee Valley where they had lived before the war, but others decided to move to or remain in the more westerly parts of New York State” (Tooker 1978a:435).

1 For more detailed background information on the prehistory of the area and the Canawaugus Reservation consult Panamerican’s Phase IA Cultural Resources Investigation for the Horseshoe Solar Power Generation Project in the Towns of Caledonia, Livingston County, and Rush, Monroe County, New York (Hanley et al. 2019).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-1 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey As a result of the Second Fort Stanwix Treaty (1784), the Haudenosaunee relinquished all their land west of the Genesee River, except for several reservations. This treaty was disputed by groups of Haudenosaunee until 1794, when a treaty was signed at Canandaigua between the United States government and the Six Nations which defined the boundaries of Seneca lands and the reservations to the other Haudenosaunee nations (Abler and Tooker 1978:508). Native American title to the land in the Genesee Valley was largely extinguished with the Treaty of Big Tree in 1797, although several areas were reserved for the Native Americans to use and live on (Turner 1974 [1850]:403; Abler and Tooker 1978:509, 512; Hauptman 1999).

With the return of peace, settlers and land speculators again began to trickle westward, exerting pressure to open up land formerly occupied by Native Americans. Further, states, especially New York, viewed the granting of former Haudenosaunee lands as a cheap way to compensate Continental soldiers for serving in the fight for American independence and to settle their claims of being owed back pay. Although the land was physically open for European-American settlement with the relocation of the Haudenosaunee, border disputes between New York and Massachusetts, both of which claimed the new territory, frustrated the actual, legal sale of these lands. Under an agreement signed in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1786, the land once occupied by the Haudenosaunee came under the jurisdiction of New York State. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts maintained the preemption right to land west of Seneca Lake once the Indian title to the land was extinguished. During the next decade large grants of land in western and central New York would be sold to private investors who would attempt to open the land to settlement (Ellis et al. 1967:152-156; Abler and Tooker 1978:507-509; Turner 1974 [1850]:326; Doty and Duganne 1876:214).

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts sold the preemption rights to the entirety of western New York (more than 6 million acres) to a syndicate of land speculators headed by Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel Gorham. This land, eponymous Phelps & Gorham purchase, became Ontario County in January 1789. The 1788 treaty of Buffalo Creek extinguished the Haudenosaunee title of land east of the Genesee River. Financial troubles soon undermined the syndicate’s efforts to sell parcels within their purchase to settlers, ultimately leading to their forfeiture of the western two-thirds of the tract in 1790 in exchange for retention of title to the eastern third. Massachusetts sold the remaining unsurveyed portion of the area to Robert Morris in 1791. The following year, 1792, Morris sold a portion of this land (approximately 1.2 million acres) to Charles Williamson, an agent for Sir William Pulteney, William Hornby, and Patrick Colquhoun of London, England, which was called the Pulteney Estate. (At that time, aliens were not allowed to purchase land.) Keeping a portion of the land for his own purposes (the so-called “Morris Reserve”), Morris sold the remainder to a consortium of Dutch investors called the Holland Land Company in 1792-1793. The eastern portion of what is now Livingston County was included within the Phelps & Gorham Purchase, and the western portion was within the Morris Reserve (Turner 1974 [1850]: 396-403; Ellis et al. 1967:154-156; Abler and Tooker 1978:508; Smith and Cale 1881:73).

The Canawaugus Reservation. At the time the first permanent European-American settlers arrived in the Genesee valley after the war, a Haudenosaunee village called Canawaugus was located just west of the Genesee River in what is now the Town of Caledonia. The word Canawaugas (or Ga-no-wau-ges) literally meant “fetid” or “stinking water” or “it has the smell of the scum” (Doty and Duganne 1876:74-75, 81; Follett n.d.; Hayes 1965:4), and referred to nearby sulfur springs in Avon. It is unclear when a village was established in this location, but it was likely around 1740 (Jordan 2002:130). Initially located on the east of the Genesee River, the village was the birthplace of Handsome Lake, the prophet of the Longhouse religion, ca. 1735, and his half-brother Cornplanter, the Seneca War chief. The village was also home to Gayasuta, who was a leader of the western Seneca during Pontiac’s Rebellion in 1763 (Hauptman 1999). Although some nineteenth-century histories (i.e., Doty and Duganne 1876:82) stated that Canawaugus was destroyed during the Sullivan-Clinton invasion of Haudenosaunee territory in 1779, Sullivan’s soldiers reported they did not travel that far west or north (Ryan 2017:182, 213). However, sometime after the American Revolution, likely around the time of Phelps and Gorham’s 1788 purchase, the village was relocated from the east side of the Genesee River to the west side of the river. With the Treaty of Big Tree in 1797, Canawaugus was circumscribed as a two-square-mile reservation on the west bank of the river.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-2 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Beginning in 1789 until his death in 1797, Gilbert Berry, the first permanent European-American settler in the area, operated a tavern on the east bank of the Genesee just south of the current bridge and a rope ferry across the river. His wife, Maria (also called Polly), took over the business and operated it until ca. 1812. Called Hartford during the initial years of the village’s settlement, the present-day village of Avon received its current name in 1808. Dr. Timothy Hosmer erected a log cabin on the north side of the village in 1792 and Nathan Perry opened another tavern before 1800 north of the village park (Doty and Duganne 1876:80-82; Hayes 1966).

During this early period (1804), the Ontario & Genesee Turnpike Company extended the toll road through Avon (then Hartford) and a bridge was erected over the Genesee. Christopher Lyth ran a brickyard in the vicinity on the tavern location for a few years during the 1860s (Hayes 1965). Berry’s wife reported that prior to her arrival an Indian village had been located on the east side of the river not far from the bridge and a detachment from Sullivan’s army burned numerous huts on “that side of the river” (Doty and Duganne 1876:82). As noted, it is unlikely Sullivan’s men reached this location (Follett n.d.).

During the first quarter of the nineteenth century, the Seneca, succumbing to the intense pressure and unscrupulous tactics by well-connected land speculators to sell their remaining reservations in the state, began to divest themselves of their Genesee Valley property. In 1801, the Seneca authorized the disposal of the Canawaugus reservation in order to generate the funds to build a grist and sawmill (Doty and Duganne 1876:283). In 1803, Little Beard’s town was sold. With the arguably fraudulent Buffalo Creek Treaty of 1826, the Seneca sold their remaining reservations on the Genesee River to a group of trustees headed by Robert Troup, Thomas L. Ogden, and Benjamin W. Rogers, often loosely referred to as “the Ogden Land Company” for $48,260.

Early Historic Development of the Study Area. The earliest settlement in what is now the Town of Caledonia occurred in 1795 when two squatters named Moffat and Kane erected a log tavern at a location identified as “Big Springs” (the present-day village of Caledonia). Despite the success of their tavern/hotel, the men were suspected of unlawful behavior and driven from the community by settlers from Avon. The enterprise was taken over by two other men, L. Peters and David Fuller, in 1798. Shortly thereafter, Charles Williamson, agent for the Pulteney Estate who was responsible for securing settlers for the region, encouraged a group of immigrants from Scotland to visit the area in hopes of making a sale. Sufficiently enticed, the Scots established the first settlement in the present-day Town of Caledonia in the spring of 1799. These pioneers acquired 3,000 acres around what is now the village of Caledonia and included the families of John and Donald McPherson, Malcom McLaren, Hugh McDermid, John and Donald McVean, Peter Campbell, and John McNaughton, among others. A grist mill was erected along the Big Springs under the direction of Williamson by 1802. In 1803, the mill lot was purchased by John McKay, who constructed a sawmill near it in 1804 (Smith and Cale 1881:448-451; Doty 1905:646-647).

During the course of the 1800s, settlement and economic growth of the county centered on the large villages along the Genesee River (i.e., Big Tree [later the village of Geneseo], Avon, Mount Morris, Piffard). Numerous sawmills and flour mills were built along the area’s copious streams. The Town of Caledonia was created in April 1806 when the area was still part of Genesee County, and attained its present size in 1821. The Town of York was created from the towns of Caledonia and Leicester in 1819, also as part of the larger Genesee County. In 1821, Livingston County was formed from Genesee and Ontario counties; it attained its present size in 1857 (French 1860; Smith and Cale 1881). The Erie Canal, located north of Livingston County opened October 26, 1825, and linked Buffalo and Lake Erie with New York City. The canal provided an economic boost to rural areas along its route.

Agriculture formed the predominant economic activity in the study area until well into the twentieth century. During the nineteenth century, wheat was the great staple, but after the Civil War and the opening of the great Midwest wheat fields, barley, corn, and oats were the staples. Many farms also grew fruit, especially apples, pears, peaches, and occasionally grapes. In the twentieth century, dairying and livestock predominated (Doty and Duganne 1876; Halsey 1999).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-3 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey The former Genesee Valley Canal (and consequently Genesee Valley Canal Railroad) crossed the study area running roughly parallel to and west of the Genesee River (Figure 2.1).2 Completed in 1856, the canal was generally unsuccessful and was abandoned and sold in 1880 to the Genesee Valley Canal Railroad company (later the Western New York & Pennsylvania Railroad). Similarly, the Erie Lackawanna/ Rochester and Genesee Valley Railroad (now actively known as the Livonia, Avon & Lakeville Railroad) crossed the study area running roughly parallel to the Genesee River starting in 1851.

Route of Genesee Valley Canal

Figure 2.1. Map of the Genesee Valley Canal in the Town of Caledonia, ca. 1855, showing approximate location of the project area (in red). Note boundary of former Canawaugus reservation (in blue) (Cornell and Gavit ca. 1855).

By 1852, the Genesee Valley Railroad ran for approximately 18 miles along the east side of the Genesee River and connected outlying townships to Rochester. The line was subsequently operated by Conrail and more recently by CSX. The Erie Railroad operated this line in 1902. A branch of the New York Central Railroad ran east-west through the Town of Rush, while another branch ran through the Town of Pittsford (Halsey 1999; Lathrop 1902). In 1853, the village of Avon was incorporated, and by the end of that decade, had 879 residents, five hotels, and three churches (French 1860).

2 For more detailed background information on former Genesee Valley Canal consult Panamerican’s Phase IA Cultural Resources Investigation for the Horseshoe Solar Power Generation Project in the Towns of Caledonia, Livingston County, and Rush, Monroe County, New York (Hanley et al. 2019).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-4 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey The Genesee Valley Canal Railroad Company consolidated with the Genesee Valley Terminal Railroad Company on November 15, 1912 to form the Pennsylvania & Rochester Railroad Company. In 1916, this entity merged into the Western New York & Pennsylvania Railway Company, which had formed in 1887 (Dunn 2000). In 1900, the Pennsylvania Railroad assumed full operation of the Western New York & Pennsylvania and the former Genesee Valley Canal Railroad lines (McKelvey 1968:19-20; Dunn 2000: 162). As a result, the Genesee Valley Canal Railroad became the Rochester Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which went out of service in 1963. The right-of-way was purchased by Rochester Gas & Electric Corp, which conveyed it to New York State for the development of the Greenway. Monroe County maintains the ROW as a trail.

Located about twelve miles south of the City of Rochester, the study area has remained largely rural into the twenty-first century. Completed in 1955, the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) was built east-to- west across the southern portion of Monroe County, about seven miles north of study area.

Livingston County. Early settlement in Livingston County began around 1790. These earliest settlers mostly came from New England. They centered around Geneseo, as well as near the old Seneca towns. What would become the towns of Avon, York, and Caledonia were settled by people from Scotland. The earliest settlers in the Town of Avon arrived around 1789, and included Gilbert R. Berry, Timothy Hosmer, Captain Thompson and a Mr. Rice. That year, Gilbert Berry started the first ferry across the Genesee River, and established the first inn in the town. Soon after, Timothy Hosmer ran the first sawmill at Littleville, and, two years later, the Wadsworth family established the first gristmill (French 1860).

Town of Caledonia. The Town of Caledonia was predominantly farmland and had a population of 1,813 in 1870 (Smith and Cale 1881:454; Beers 1872a). The town’s notable farmland produced a variety of truck crops as well as corn, wheat, celery and potatoes. Dairying and milk products also increased in prominence during the late nineteenth century into the twentieth century (Doty 1905).

Beginning in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and extending into the twenty-first century, the production of rock salt has been a leading industry of Livingston County. The mine at Retsof would become the largest producer of rock salt in the world, and later became the International Salt Corporation. The Genesee & Wyoming Valley Railway was incorporated in 1891 and completed in 1894 to haul the rock salt from the mines at Retsof to Caledonia. The company went bankrupt in 1898 and was sold to the Genesee & Wyoming Railroad the following year. The 14-mile route of Genesee &Wyoming Railroad ran through the center of the town just west of the current study area. The line predominantly shipped freight, but its passenger service was discontinued in 1929. During the last decades of the twentieth century the Genesee & Wyoming Railroad Company purchased an array of short-haul lines through the United States, and later in other countries (Genesee & Wyoming Railroad Company 2014).

Quarrying and cement manufacture were also important industries during the late nineteenth century into the twentieth century. The Iroquois Portland Cement Company plant began operation at Caledonia in 1902. The village of Caledonia was incorporated in May 1891. Population of the village in 1900 was 1,073 (Cale and Smith 1881:448; Doty 1905:655).

During the twentieth century Livingston County and the Town of Caledonia remained predominantly agricultural, although the rock-salt industry in the southern part of the town is extensive. The project area, east of the railroad tracks, remained part of a rural farming area throughout the twentieth century into the twenty-first. The population of the Town of Caledonia declined from 4,567 in 2000 to 4,255 in 2010.

Village and Town of Avon. The Town of Avon, originally named Hartford, was formed in 1789, when Ontario County was formed. Its named was changed in 1808.

In 1853, the village of Avon was incorporated, and by the end of that decade, had 879 residents, five hotels, and three churches (French 1860). Other hamlets in Avon included East Avon, with about 35 houses, The Village of Avon was a station on the Genesee Valley, and Buffalo, New York & Erie railroads, and was celebrated for its medicinal springs, where upper class individuals visited to recuperate

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-5 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey from illnesses, rejuvenate or simply to rest. Avon was incorporated as a village in June 1853. In 1860, its 879 residents supported three churches and five hotels (French 1860). The Town of Avon had a population of 3,325 in 1875 (Smith and Cale 1881:426).

Notable businesses such as C.A. Briggs drug store, Price’s millinery and fancy goods, O.C. Jones’ jewelry store, and numerous grocery, hardware, meat, and dry goods stores were located in Avon during the nineteenth century. While doctors, lawyers, and merchants were well represented in Avon, manufacturing interests were not extensive, relying mostly on water power from the Genesee River and Conesus Creek; the most notable of which was E.L. Armstrong and Company planing mill and the Avon Mills near the Conesus Outlet, and the Lyth Brickyard near Avon (Smith and Cale 1881:437).

The Town of Avon surrounding the village was noted farmland and the region’s large farms produced a variety of truck crops as well as corn, wheat, celery and potatoes. Dairying and milk products also increased in prominence during the late nineteenth century into the twentieth century. During the second half of the twentieth century, Interstate 390 was constructed through the center portion of the town from north to south, just to the west of the current study area. The study area remained part of a rural farming area throughout the twentieth century into the twenty-first. The Town of Avon had a population of 6,443 in 2000 and 7,164 in 2010.

Town of York. The northern part of the Town of York was originally part of the Town of Caledonia, which was also first settled by immigrants from Scotland and the area became known as “Caledonia South Woods.” Pioneers of this area included Donald, John, and William McKenzie, John and Alexander Fraser, Angus McBean, John McCall, Archibald and Alexander Gillis, John Clunas, John Russ, and Alexander Stewart, among others (Doty 1876:80-82; Smith and Cale 1881:426; Doty 1905:901-903). Located southeast of the study area, the hamlet of Fowlerville was first permanently settled in 1816 by Wells Fowler and William Taylor. By the middle of the nineteenth century the community of nearly 400 people supported five stores, a cooper, wagon shop, three blacksmiths, a furnace shop, three churches, and a hotel.

The study area includes the early settlement at Toggletown, a small hamlet at the crossroads of US 20 and Lowery Road. The surrounding Town of York was predominantly farmland and had a population of 2,564 in 1870 (Smith and Cale 1881:414; Beers 1872a). The town’s notable farmland produced a variety of truck crops as well as corn, wheat, celery and potatoes. Dairying and milk products also increased in prominence during the late nineteenth century into the twentieth century (Doty 1905). The first salt well was drilled in the Town of York in 1878 near Greigsville in the southern part of the town.

During the twentieth century Livingston County and the Town of York were predominantly agricultural, although the rock-salt industry in the southern part of the town is extensive. The study area remained part of a rural farming area throughout the twentieth century into the twenty-first. The Town of York had a population of 3,221 in 2000 and 3,397 in 2010.

Monroe County. Established in 1823 from sections of Ontario and Genesee Counties, Monroe County was named after the fifth U.S. President James Monroe. The study area encompasses portions of the Towns Rush and Wheatland, two of the county’s original fourteen towns. These two towns are located in the rural southern section of the Monroe County along the Livingston County line.

Town of Rush. Jeremiah Wadsworth purchased 5,000 acres of land in what would become the Town of Rush from the Phelps and Gorman Company (McIntosh 1877). The first American settler there was Captain John Ganson who had served under General Sullivan during the American Revolution. He and his sons James and John settled in the town during the winter of 1788 to 1789 operated taverns at Le Roy and Stafford. Colonel William Markham settled in Rush after 1788, and established a farm in Bloomfield, where he had one of the first distilleries in the town. Markham later purchased a farm on Lot 71 in the Town of Rush. He was one of the surveyors of the road from the Canandaigua to the Genesee River, and was a representative in the state assembly for what was then Ontario County. In 1810, he constructed a mill in District Number 9, and soon after built two other mills. Two of his sons lived on his farm until their late seventies. John Barnes settled near Markham, and around 1797, Thomas Dailey

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-6 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey settled in Lot 27. Christle Thomas built the first sawmill in the town, in 1805, and the first bridge across the Honeoye. Several families moved to the Town of Rush from Frederick County, Maryland. John Stull constructed the first block-house north of the Honeoye in 1802. The next year Philip Price, Sr., built another which was still standing in 1877 (McIntosh 1877).

Established in 1818, the Town of Rush was part of the northern part of Hartwood which is now Avon. Rush was part of Ontario County until Monroe County formed in 1821. The study area encompasses the town’s early hamlets of North Rush and West Rush. North Rush, also historically known as Sibley’s Corners or Hart’s Corners, is centered on Rush-Scottsville and East River roads. The railroad community of “Golah,” or “Rush Junction,” formed after the New York Central Branch known as the “Peanut” and the Erie Railroad that crossed it to the east of the Honeoye Creek outlet into the Genesee River (Hallock 1968:16).

The 1852 map (see Figure 2.1) shows the Canandaigua and Niagara Falls Railroad extending east-west through Rush and the hamlet of West Rush, where just to the west, the line crossed the Rochester Genesee Valley Railroad. By that time, North Rush and West Rush had developed into small communities with railroad infrastructure, schools, a church, tavern, stores, a blacksmith shop, post office, a flour and sawmill. West Rush’s early economic prosperity was stimulated by the establishment of the “Peanut Branch” of the New York Central Railroad. During the early 1890s, West Rush was a shipping point for locally-grown cabbage and potatoes.

In the first decade of the twentieth century, the hamlet of Industry formed with the establishment of the State Agricultural and Industrial School on a 1400+ acre tract of rural land west of North Rush on Rush Scottsville Road at the railroad crossing. The school was originally established as the Western House of Refuge in Rochester in 1846.3 It was the first state-supported institution for the confinement and reform of juvenile delinquents in the United States. In 1886, the school was renamed the State Industrial School. In 1902, the State purchased one thousand acres of land in a rural section of Rush for the school’s new location in the area that became the hamlet of Industry. Renamed the State Agricultural & Industrial School, the school’s relocation to Industry was completed in 1907. In 1924, the State Industrial School property consisted of 1,431 acres located between the Genesee River, Honeoye Creek, and East River Road. The campus extended to north of Rush Scottsville Road (NY 231). The Erie Railroad ran along the west side of the campus. The school has remained in operation and presently operates as the Industry Residential Center, a limited secure facility.

Town of Wheatland. In 1786, the frontiersman Ebenezer "Indian" Allan settled near what is now Scottsville on the flats along the Genesee River, north of the study area. Peter Sheffer and his family purchased Allan’s landholdings in 1780. Allen moved on to the site of the City of Rochester to build the first mills there. Peter Sheffer and his sons, Peter Jr. and Jacob, became the first permanent settlers in the Town of Wheatland, which marking the beginning of development of all the territory west of the Genesee River.4

Wheatland was originally part of Ontario County and the Town of Northhampton (1789), then Genesee County (1802), and in 1821 it became part of Monroe County when it and Livingston County were formed from Genesee County. The name given to the town in 1821 recognized the successful wheat crops already yielded by its fertile.

The section of Wheatland in the study area is limited to the southeastern part of the town which is associated with some of its earliest settlers who established farms on River Road, Quaker Road, and South Road. In the 1820s, Quakers established a community in southeast Wheatfield. Brothers Isaac and Joseph Cox were Quakers from Saratoga County who settled on River Road. The Quakers established

3 Information obtained from “New York State & Industrial School,” http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php/ New_ York_State_Agricultural_%26_Industrial_School and Dick Halsey, “Records for State Industrial School,” Dick’s Genealogy & History Corner Rochester & Monroe Co., NY, http://rochistory.com/blog/?p=6881. 4 Early history of Wheatfield obtained from “Town History,” https://www.townofwheatland.org/town-history.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-7 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey built a cobblestone building for a Friends Meeting House (in 1834) and a school on Quaker Road just west of River Road.

2.1 SELECTED HISTORIC MAPS:

Figure 2.2. The approximate location of the project area in the Town of Caledonia in 1872 (Beers 1872a).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-8 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Figure 2.3. The approximate location of the project area in the Town of Rush in 1872 (Beers 1872b).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-9 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Figure 2.4. The approximate location of the project area in the Town of Caledonia in 1902 (Century Map Co. 1902).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-10 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Figure 2.5. The approximate location of the project area in the Town of Rush in 1902 (Lathrop 1902).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-11 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Figure 2.6. The approximate location of the project area in the Town of Rush in 1924 (Hopkins 1924).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2-12 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey 3.0 Methodology

For this study, the visual Area of Potential Effect (APE) is defined as the area from which the proposed undertaking may be visible within a two-mile distance around the outer ring of proposed proposed facility components (see Figure 1.1; Appendix A). The Horseshoe Solar visual APE includes +56 square miles (+35,800 acres). Within this area both direct and indirect visual effects are assessed that may cause changes in the character or use of cultural properties. Panamerican generated the viewshed analysis map of the two-mile visual APE, which is based solely on topography (NYSHPO 2006; see the architectural survey investigation results map in Appendix A). Additional screening may be provided by structures and vegetation.

3.1 NATIONAL REGISTER CRITERIA

For a building or structure to be considered eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), it must be evaluated within its historic context and shown to be significant for one or more of the four Criteria of Evaluation (36 CFR 60) as outlined in How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation (Bulletin 15, National Park Service [NPS] 2002). All structures examined as part of this investigation were identified and evaluated in the field with reference to these criteria:

Criterion A: (Event) Properties that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or

Criterion B: (Person) Properties that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or

Criterion C: (Design/Construction) Properties that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or

Criterion D: (Information Potential) Properties that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history (NPS Bulletin 15, referencing 36 CFR 60).

A property is not eligible if it cannot be related to a particular time period or cultural group and thereby lacks any historic context with which to evaluate the importance of the cultural resource. The cultural property (e.g., historic structure or landscape) must also retain the historic integrity of those features necessary to convey its significance. Seven aspects or qualities of integrity recognized by the National Register are location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association (NPS 2002). Actual determinations of eligibility are made by the Survey & Evaluation Unit of the NYSHPO.

3.2 ASSESSMENT OF ADVERSE EFFECTS TO HISTORIC PROPERTIES

In general, an undertaking has an effect on an historic property when the undertaking may alter characteristics of the property that may qualify the property for inclusion in the National Register. The assessment of adverse effects to historic properties is spelled out in Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act as well as in 36 CFR 800.5.

(1) Criteria of adverse effect. An adverse effect is found when an undertaking may alter, directly or indirectly, any of the characteristics of a historic property that qualify the property for inclusion in the National Register in a manner that would diminish the integrity of the property's location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, or association. Consideration shall be given to all qualifying characteristics of a historic property, including those that may have been

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 3-1 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey identified subsequent to the original evaluation of the property's eligibility for the National Register. Adverse effects may include reasonably foreseeable effects caused by the undertaking that may occur later in time, be farther removed in distance or be cumulative.

(2) Examples of adverse effects. Adverse effects on historic properties include, but are not limited to:

(i) Physical destruction of or damage to all or part of the property; (ii) Alteration of a property, including restoration, rehabilitation, repair, maintenance, stabilization, hazardous material remediation and provision of handicapped access, that is not consistent with the Secretary’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties (36 CFR 68) and applicable guidelines; (iii) Removal of the property from its historic location; (iv) Change of the character of the property’s use or of physical features within the property's setting that contribute to its historic significance; (v) Introduction of visual, atmospheric or audible elements that diminish the integrity of the property's significant historic features; (vi) Neglect of a property which causes its deterioration, except where such neglect and deterioration are recognized qualities of a property of religious and cultural significance to an Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization; and (vii) Transfer, lease, or sale of property out of Federal ownership or control without adequate and legally enforceable restrictions or conditions to ensure long-term reservation of the property's historic significance [36 CFR 800.5].

No direct impacts to historic-architectural resources are anticipated as part of Facility construction or operation.

Visual Effects. By definition, a visual effect occurs whenever a proposed undertaking will be visible from an historic property. The mere existence of a visual effect does not automatically imply that the effect is adverse. An adverse visual effect occurs only when the addition of a new element to a landscape is found to diminish those aspects of a property’s significance and integrity, such as its historic setting, which make it eligible for the National Register.

Adverse visual effects are generally of two types, aesthetic or obstructive. An adverse aesthetic effect transpires when an undertaking’s visual effect has a negative impact upon the perceived beauty or artistic values of an historic structure or landscape, thereby diminishing the appreciation or understanding of the resource. Common examples of adverse aesthetic impacts include the diminution or elimination of open space, or the introduction of a visual element that is incompatible, out of scale, in great contrast, or out of character with the historic resource or its associated setting. An adverse obstructive effect occurs when the proposed undertaking blocks any part of an historic property, or eliminates scenic views historically visible from the property.

In keeping with NYSHPO guidance, the APE for visual impacts on historic properties for the HSS project is defined for this Project as those areas within two miles of proposed facilities which are within the potential viewshed (based on topography) of the Project (NYSHPO 2006; see Section 6). The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) defines Visual Impact as:

when the mitigating effects of perspective do not reduce the visibility of an object to insignificant levels. Beauty plays no role in this concept. A visual impact may also be considered in the context of contrast. For instance, all other things being equal, a blue object seen against an orange background has greater visual impact than a blue object seen against the same colored blue background. Again, beauty plays no role in this concept [NYSDEC 2000:10-11].

The analysis takes into consideration the resource’s geographical distance and the effect of vegetation, and other landscape features that may screen or minimize views of the Project from historic resources. Recommendations for mitigation options will also be included in the report (see Section 5).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 3-2 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey 3.3 PROJECT CONSULTATION

16 NYCRR § 1001.20 indicates that the scope of cultural resources studies for a major electrical generating facility should be determined in consultation with NYSOPRHP.

The Public Involvement Program Plan (PIP) was prepared as part of the Article 10 process, released in October 2018, and revised in November 2018, and February 2019 (Invenergy 2018a; 2018; 2019). HSS developed this PIP to ensure that concerns of individuals and groups, including local residents, with a potential interest in the Project and adjoining property owners (collectively referred to as stakeholders) are understood by Invenergy and the Siting Board and are incorporated and objectively considered in the Project design and review. Specific PIP goals are to:

 Identify groups and individuals with a potential interest in the Project;  Ensure stakeholders and the general public are aware of the Project and are apprised of the methods and media by which they can keep informed about the Project’s development and the Article 10 review process`;  Ensure stakeholders can relatively conveniently access information on the Project and the Article 10 review process;  Engage stakeholders to understand their interests related to the Project, so that HSS can work with them to address their concerns and take them into account as the project moves forward; and  Gather specific information from stakeholders that can be used to design objective and useful studies to be defined in the Preliminary Scoping Statement and included in a complete application for the Project.

Panamerican consulted with the NYS OPRHP / SHPO Survey & Evaluation Unit to discuss the Project and the survey methodology. Per OPRHP request, Panamerican submitted a Work Plan for conducting the two-mile radius study area in May 2019 (Longiaru 2019). With guidance from OPRHP staff, the current study adhered to the following survey methodology:

The architectural field survey methodology, as follows:

 Evaluation of potential NRHP-eligibility of architectural resources greater than 50 years old within those areas of project visibility;  Architectural resources that appeared to satisfy NRHP-eligibility criteria were documented (digital photography, locational data, and collection of resource information);  All resources with “Undetermined” NRHP status were located, if possible, and evaluated for NRHP eligibility.

Data collected for each inventoried resource:  Photographic documentation of each resource with a DSLR camera with a minimum of two views depending on the type of resource, vegetation, setting, etc. All resources will be documented from the public right-of-way. Clear unobstructed views of each resource were obtained where possible.  Architectural information (i.e., architectural style; physical characteristics; building materials; integrity of the resource and its setting; current/historic use; and other defining features).  Documentation and evaluation of those resources in CRIS with an undetermined (i.e., unevaluated) NRHP status. The NRHP criteria were applied for determining the eligibility of any unevaluated resources.  Confirmation of locations/street addresses for any properties without locational data in CRIS.

3.4 PREVIOUS HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES SURVEYS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

Several cultural resource investigations have been previously conducted for in the study area for NYS Department of Transportation projects, local community surveys, and development projects. Copies of New York State Building Inventory Forms completed in late twentieth century for some historic architectural resources in the study area are available through OPRHP’s CRIS.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 3-3 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Town of Wheatfield. In 2003, the Landmark Society of Western New York, Inc., completed the Historic Preservation Report Wheatland/Scottsville/Mumford Monroe County, New York Phase I: Reconnaissance Level Survey The 2003 survey identified historic resources in rural southeastern Wheatland which is located in the northern section of the current visual APE study area. This study includes a thorough historic context for Wheatfield and a reconnaissance level documentation of resources. In 1995, the Wheatland Historical Association had first initiated a town survey by completing a photographic inventory of 80 prominent buildings in Wheatland. The photographs provided in the 2003 survey are useful for assessing the integrity of existing previously inventoried properties and verifying locations of both extant and demolished resources.

Wells Barns. From 1886 to 1942, John Talcott Wells, Sr., and his sons constructed over 200 barns throughout Western New York. Wells Barns were built with a unique truss system that was patented in 1889. Today, there are reportedly less than 50 documented Wells Barns remaining which are clustered in southern Monroe County and Livingston County. Wells Barns were designated as one of the Preservation League of NYS’s “Seven to Save” in 2018-2019. An inventory of the extant barns of J.T. Wells & Sons in Livingston and Monroe counties was presented in a self-published book in 2004 (Pratt & Pratt 2004). The authors documented each extant Wells Barn and compiled information from owners of Wells Barns at that time and from personal collections. Local and regional interest in Wells Barns and their preservation has continued over the years. A website dedicated to Wells Barns offers updated information and supplements earlier documentation efforts (Andres 2016).

Nine Wells Barns have been previously identified in the study area, while five other Wells barns are located in close proximity to the study area (Pratt & Pratt 2004; Andres 2016). This study includes current photographs of Wells Barns in the study area and its immediate vicinity (See Appendix C).

Village of Avon. In August 2019, the Landmark Society submitted the Avon Historic Resources Survey, Village of Avon Livingston County, New York to the NYS OPRHP.1 The main purpose of the survey was to evaluate the potential for NRHP designation for Village properties so that property owners might take advantage of historic tax credits and other financial incentives to rehabilitate their properties (Landmark Society 2019:2) The Avon Village survey area encompassed approximately 3.0 sq mi (1920 acres) and roughly 700 properties. The survey report includes a historic context and associated property types for the Village. Avon Village Historic District was identified by the Landmark Society. The NYS OPRHP determined the district as is significant under NRHP Criterion A in the areas of Transportation, Commerce and Industry, associated with the growth and development of the village of Avon as it developed into a regional transportation hub, agricultural processing center, and spa resort. The district is also significant under NRHP Criterion C in the areas of Planning and Architecture. The period of significance for the district begins ca. 1790 with the establishment of the village plan and ends ca. 1950 which corresponds with the decline of the regional rail system and the reorientation of village development toward automotive transportation.

Cobblestone Architecture. The study area contains examples of cobblestone architecture that have been noted in several studies and online sources. A detailed historic context is provided in the Cobblestone Architecture of New York State NRHP Multiple Property Documentation Form (Todd 1992). Between 1,000-2,000 cobblestone buildings are believed to have been constructed in North America with 90% of which located within a 75-mile radius of Rochester. There are reportedly 106 cobblestone buildings in Monroe County, the second highest number of NY counties following Wayne County (170). Two cobblestone buildings in the study area are listed on the NRHP: Barber-Mulligan Farm/Cobblestone Tenant House in Rush and the Cox-Letson Cobblestone House in Wheatfield.

There are four previously inventoried unevaluated cobblestone buildings in the study area; three in Rush and one in Wheatland (CRIS 2019). The three cobblestone buildings in the Town of Rush (Fishell-Van

1 Note, the Avon Historic Resources Survey (August 2019) was not available when the background review and the field survey was initiated for the Horse Solar two-mile visual APE survey.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 3-4 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Wagenen House-Tuety Residence; Woods-Bender House [George Residence]; Bushman [Green) House]) represent half of the extant number of cobblestone buildings (6) in the town. The Cobblestone Quaker Meeting House (1834) in Wheatland is one of nine cobblestone buildings remaining in the town. These four resources were documented and evaluated for NRHP eligibility as part of the current study (see Appendix B).

Previously Inventoried Resources. Preliminary review of CRIS data for the Horseshoe Solar Work Plan provided by OPRHP identified the following number of previously inventoried resources in the study area: 11 S/NRHP listed; 16 S/NRHP eligible; and 14 unevaluated (undetermined) resources (Table 3.1). Architectural resource data was subsequently reviewed to identify any previously inventoried resources in the visual APE per the current visual APE study area. All information was updated for the results of this report (see Section 4: Survey Results).

Table 3.1. Previously Inventoried Resources in the Horseshoe Solar study area (OPRHP May 2019). Current SHPO USN Resource Name Address Town / County S/NRHP Status Barber-Mulligan Farm: Listed NR 05101.000066 Barber Rd Avon / Livingston Tenant House No. 2 90PR02973 Barber-Mulligan Farm: Listed NR 05101.000067 Barber Rd Avon / Livingston Tenant House No. 1 90PR02973 Barber-Mulligan Farm: Avon (i.e. Rush) / Listed NR 05101.000068 Barber Rd Tenant House No. 3 Livingston 90PR02973

05101.000107 Unionport n/a Avon / Livingston Undetermined

05101.000112 Farm Complex 1267 North Ave Avon / Livingston Undetermined Canawaugus Eligible. Identified Caledonia/ 05102.000041 Reservation Historic n/a as “Building” Livingston Place Type in CRIS. Avon / Livingston - Frederick B. Pearson 1308 NY 15/ West Note, CRIS 05143.000005 Undetermined House Henrietta Rd identifies the farm in the Village of Akron. Avon Village / 05143.000014 Residence 113 West Main St Undetermined Livingston Avon Village / 05143.000016 Residence 188 West Main St Eligible Livingston Avon Village / 05143.000017 Residence 134 West Main St Eligible Livingston Avon Village / 05143.000018 Train Station 100 West Main St Eligible Livingston Avon - Caledonia Erie-Attica RR Bridge 05143.000033 n/a (Erie Attica Trail) / Eligible over Genesee River Livingston Barber-Mulligan Farm Listed NR 05516.000035 Hartwell Rd Rush / Monroe /Hartwell Hse 90PR02973 Barber-Mulligan Farm Listed NR 05516.000036 /Cobblestone Tenant Hartwell Rd Rush / Monroe 90PR02973 House Meadowood Swanton 14 Meadowood 05516.000005 Rush /Monroe Eligible Res. Rd

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 3-5 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Table 3.1 continued. Current SHPO USN Resource Name Address Town / County S/NRHP Status Meadowood – 05516.000006 14 Meadowood Rd Rush / Monroe Eligible Mayove Res. Genesee Valley 282 Rush 05516.000039 Rush / Monroe Eligible Railroad Museum Scottsville Road Industry School 05516.000056 (Industry Secure 101 Ryder Hill Rd Rush / Monroe Eligible Center) 8899 East River 05516.000067 Elm Place Rush / Monroe Eligible Rd Meadowood Estates 05516.000075 Meadowood Rd Rush / Monroe Eligible Historic District Building 35, Industry 05516.000082 Secure Center - 101 Ryder Hill Rd Rush / Monroe Eligible Industry NY Building 36, Industry 05516.000083 Secure Center - 101 Ryder Hill Rd Rush / Monroe Eligible Industry NY Building 37, Industry 05516.000084 Secure Center - 101 Ryder Hill Rd Rush / Monroe Eligible Industry NY Building 39, Industry 05516.000085 Secure Center - 101 Ryder Hill Rd Rush / Monroe Eligible Industry NY Fishell-Vanwagenen 05516.000002 512 Fishell Rd Rush / Monroe Undetermined House-Tuety Res Woods-Bender 05516.000004 42 West Rush Rd Rush / Monroe Undetermined House (George Res)

Cobblestone 791 Rush Henrietta 05516.000058 Rush / Monroe Undetermined Farmhouse Town Line Rd

7605 East River 05516.000062 Building D Rush / Monroe Undetermined Rd John & Mary David 902 Rush West 05516.000081 Rush / Monroe Undetermined (farm) Rush Road 9053 West 05516.000087 Farm Rush / Monroe Undetermined Henrietta Rd 7311 West 05516.000088 Residence Rush / Monroe Undetermined Henrietta Road Scottsville Rush Rd Scottsville Rush Rush and Wheatland / Undetermined, 05519.000019 Bridge Rd Monroe Bridge Replaced

05519.000011 Shadblolt House 337 Quaker Rd Wheatland / Monroe Undetermined

Cobblestone Quaker 05519.000018 409 Quaker Rd Wheatland / Monroe Undetermined Meeting House Cox-Letson 05519.000098 Cobblestone House 5015 River Rd Wheatland / Monroe Listed and Farm

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 3-6 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Table 3.1 continued. Current SHPO USN Resource Name Address Town / County S/NRHP Status Romanta T. Miller 1089 Bowerman 05519.000112 Wheatland / Monroe Listed House Rd

1089 Bowerman 05519.000139 Barn Complex Wheatland / Monroe Listed Rd

1089 Bowerman 05519.000140 Workshop Wheatland / Monroe Listed Rd

1089 Bowerman 05519.000141 Pergola Rd, Wheatland NY Wheatland / Monroe Listed 14546 Eligible. Genesee Valley Identified as 05519.000108 n/a Wheatland / Monroe Canal / Greenway “Building” Type in CRIS.

3.5 SURVEY METHODS

Background Review. Panamerican accessed OPRHP’s CRIS to identify previously inventoried historic resources and historic districts located within a two-mile buffer around the Project. The results of the previous CRIS search as presented in the work plan were analyzed and revised to reflect the current two- mile Visual APE. Background research included review of previous cultural resources studies in the study area, county and town histories, historic maps, and related online sources and websites. Historic maps were consulted are listed below. Various USGS topographic quadrangle maps were also reviewed.

Livingston County 1852 Map of Livingston County, New York: from actual surveys. (Rea & Otley et al.) 1858 Gillette's Map of Livingston Co., New York: from actual surveys (French et al.) 1872 New Topographical Atlas of Livingston County, New York (Beers) 1902 New Century Atlas of Livingston County, New York; with Farm Records (Century Map Co.)

Monroe County 1852 Map of Monroe County, New York (Browne et al.) 1858 Gillette's Map of Monroe Co., New York: from actual surveys (Browne et al.) 1872 New Topographical Atlas of Monroe County, New York (Beers) 1887 Map of Monroe County, New York (J.B. Beers) 1902 Plat Book of Monroe County, New York (J.M Lathrop & Co.) 1924 Map of Monroe County, New York (Hopkins)

Historic Resources Survey. The field survey was conducted in July and August 2019. Panamerican conducted the field survey from public roads (i.e. public right-of-way [ROW]) to evaluate the National Register eligibility of resources in the visual APE. For each inventoried resource, the survey team collected GIS data, building information, and photographs. Supplemental digital photographs also were taken during the survey. Property locations and street addresses were cross-referenced with parcel data available on the Livingston County Livingston County New York Map Assistance Program (Livingston County 2019), GIS Interactive Map Gallery Monroe County (Monroe County 2019), and Google Earth. Note: not all of the previously inventoried resources in CRIS have GIS locational data or descriptive information.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 3-7 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey For newly surveyed resources, the following information was obtained: location, architectural style; physical characteristics; building materials; integrity of the resource and its setting; current/historic use; and other defining features. The visual inspection of resources was limited to the visible exterior of the buildings and the overall setting of the property. Many of the resources in the study area included numerous farm buildings and agricultural landscape features that were not fully visible from the right-of- way at the time of the field survey.

The results of the two-mile visual APE survey are enumerated in Table 4.1 (see Section 4.0). The locations of S/NRL, S/NRE, and newly identified resources in the study area are indicated on the architectural survey project map (see Appendix A). Recommended S/NRE resources are presented in an annotated properties list (see Appendix B). All required architectural resources data will be uploaded to CRIS for OPRHP review.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 3-8 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey 4.0 Historic Resources Survey Results

The results of the historic resources survey for the Horseshoe Solar two-mile visual APE are summarized below by municipality (Minor Civil Division [MCD]) and enumerated in Table 4.1 and Table 4.2.1 The below list provides an itemization of architectural resources identified in the visual APE. All inventoried resources are keyed to the survey map in Appendix A. Recommended S/NRNHP eligible resources are presented in an annotated properties list (see Appendix B).

 State/National Register-Listed resources: 3  Existing State/National Register-Eligible (Individual) resources2: 9  Existing State/National Register-Eligible Historic Districts: 2  Newly Recommended State/National Register-Eligible (Individual) resources: 22  Recommended State/National eligibility status “Undetermined”: 9  Recommended “Not eligible” for listing in State/National Register (individual): 3

State/National Register Listed resources in the visual APE

 Barber-Mulligan Farm (NR 90PR02973) at 5403 Barber Road, Avon and Hartwell Road, Rush  Cobblestone House and Farm [02NR05010; USN 05519.000098]), 5015 River Road  Romanta T. Miller House (13NR06509; USN 05519.000112) at 1089 Bowerman Road

State/National Register Eligible Historic Districts in the visual APE

 Avon Village Historic District, Village of Avon  Meadowood Estates Historic District (USN 05516.000075), 14 & 16 Meadowood Road, Rush

State/National Register Eligible resources (individual) in the visual APE

 Erie-Attica RR Bridge over Genesee River (USN 05143.000033), Town of Caledonia and Village of Avon  Genesee Valley Canal/ Greenway, Towns of Wheatland (USN 05519.000108), Caledonia, and York  Elm Place (USN 05516.000067), 8899 East River Road  Genesee Valley Railroad Museum (former Industry Station [USN 05516.000039]), 282 Rush Scottsville Road  Genesee Valley Railroad Museum (former Industry Station, built in 1903 [USN 05516.000039]) at 282 Rush Scottsville Road  Building 35, Industry Secure Center (USN 05516.000082), 101 Ryder Hill Road  Building 36, Industry Secure Center (USN 05516.000083), 101 Ryder Hill Road  Building 37, Industry Secure Center (USN 05516.000084), 101 Ryder Hill Road  Building 39, Industry Secure Center (USN 05516.000085), 101 Ryder Hill Road

1 Table 4.1 and Table 4.2 are organized by MCD and NYSOPRHP Unique Site Number (USN) in ascending numerical order. Resources presented in the annotated properties (Appendix B) and cemeteries (Appendix D) lists are arranged in the same order. 2 This total does not take into account the demolished S/NRHP-eligible Scottsville Rush Rd Bridge (USN 5519.000019) in Wheatland or the S/NRHP-eligible Canawaugus Reservation Historic Place (USN 05102.000041, an archaeological site in Caledonia .

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-1 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE Note, the northern boundary of the two-mile visual APE study area borders the southern edge of the Erie Canal National Heritage Corridor along Rush Henrietta Townline Road in Rush. 3

4.1 TOWN OF AVON (MCD 05101), LIVINGSTON COUNTY

The S/NRHP-listed Barber-Mulligan Farm (NR 90PR02973) at 5403 Barber Road in the Town of Avon is in the visual APE. The original Mulligan Farm includes approximately 640 acres of agricultural land that spans the Livingston-Monroe County line in the Towns of Avon and Rush. The farm includes a total of 35 buildings.4 The main farm complex includes the Mulligan House, a Greek Revival style residence built in 1850, four barns, and 12 outbuildings (on Barber Road in Avon). North of the Mulligan House is a Federal Style cobblestone tenant house built in the 1830s (on Hartwell Road in Rush; USN 05516.000036). Three other tenant houses, and their outbuildings, are located on the farm: Tenant House I (USN 05101.000067) and Tenant House II (USN 05101.000066) on Barber Road in Avon; and the Hartwell House, a Greek Revival style tenant house on Hartwell Road in Rush (Tenant House III; USN 05101.000068/05516.000035). The collection of buildings illustrate the variety of vernacular structures found on a large nineteenth century farm in western NY and reflects the growth of agriculture in this region of the state. In 2009, the Genesee Valley Conservancy and the Mulligan family permanently protected 1,245 acres of highly productive contiguous farmland.

No previously determined S/NRHP-eligible individual resources were identified in the section of Avon located in the study area. One newly inventoried resource is recommended as S/NRHP eligible, Avon Century Barn – Greek Revival House & Wells Barn located at 1177 West Henrietta Road.

One previously inventoried unevaluated resource, Frederick B. Pearson House at 1296/1304/1308 West Henrietta Road/US 20 (USN 05143.000005) was documented by the current study.5 Further investigation and research are recommended to evaluate the property’s S/NRHP eligibility. One previously unevaluated resource, a farm complex at 1267 North Ave (USN 05101.000112), is not recommended as individually eligible for the listing in the S/NRHP due to lack of architectural integrity; the resource does not appear to meet NRHP criteria. One other previously unevaluated resource identified as “Unionport” (USN 05101.000107) in CRIS was not located due to insufficient available information.

4.2 TOWN OF CALEDONIA (MCD 05102), LIVINGSTON COUNTY

No S/NRHP listed resources are located in the Town of Caledonia. One S/NRHP eligible resource, Canawaugus Reservation Historic Place (USN 05102.000041), is a historic site that is classified in CRIS as a “building” resource type; it is a historic archaeological site.6 There are no known extant above ground structures associated with the site. One other S/NRHP eligible resource, the Erie-Attica RR Bridge over Genesee River (USN 05143.000033) is partially located in Caledonia and the Village of Avon. The Genesee Valley Canal/ Greenway, identified as S/NRHP-eligible in the Town of Wheatland (USN 05519.000108), also extends through sections of the study area in the Towns of Caledonia and York. Eight newly inventoried resources in Caledonia are recommended as S/NRHP eligible:

 Cameron Homestead/Estes Farm, Greek Revival Farmhouse & Wells Barn, 4395 Cameron Road  Farm, Italianate Farmhouse, 417 Feely Road  Farmhouse, Greek Revival, 687 Lacy Road

3 Erie Canal National Heritage Corridor, map, accessed September 9, 2019, https://nycanalmap.com/. 4 Note, the number of buildings reported in the 1980 Mulligan-Barber Farm National Register nomination was not confirmed as part of this study (Herschensohn & Reed 1980). 5 The Frederick B. Pearson House has a Village of Avon USN in CRIS. The property is located in the Town of Avon. 6 Background information on the Canawaugus Reservation Historic Place is presented in Panamerican’s Phase IA cultural resources investigation for the Horseshoe Solar power generation project (Hanley and Steinback 2019). USN 05102.000041 is not included in the total number of S/NRHP resources in this study.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-2 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE  Honey Locust Farms, Greek Revival farmhouse, 90 Maxwell Station Road  John Hugh McNaughton House, "Babble Brook", 3923 NY 5/ Caledonia-Avon Road  Italianate Residence, 1027 Quarry Road  Former Christie Estate, 1205 Quarry Road  Jerris Wadsworth Wedding Barn & Estate (Andyhon Farm), 1211 West River Road

One previously inventoried unevaluated resource, a dairy farm at 735 Middle Road, is recommended as not eligible for listing in the S/NRHP due to lack of architectural integrity; resource does not meet NRHP criteria. Further investigation and research are recommended to evaluate two newly inventoried resources:

 Former J.S./J.W. Wadsworth Residence, 761 West River Road  Grave of Unknown Soldier, War of 1812 (monument 1924), NY 5/ Caledonia-Avon Road; N. side, between Cold Spring and Lowery roads

Four extant Wells Barns were identified in section of the study area in Caledonia.

 Cameron Homestead/Estes Farm, Greek Revival Farmhouse & Wells Barn, 4395 Cameron Road  Oak Knolls, Wells Barn & Greek Revival residence, 3956 Caledonia-Avon Road/ NY 5  Wells Barn, 200 Maxwell Station Road  Wells Barn, 23 River Road

4.3 TOWN OF YORK (MCD 05117), LIVINGSTON COUNTY

No S/NRHP listed resources were identified in the section of the Town of York in the study area (CRIS 2019). The Genesee Valley Canal/ Greenway, identified as S/NRHP-eligible in the Town of Wheatland (USN 05519.000108), also extends through sections of the study area in the Towns of York and Caledonia.

Two newly inventoried resources in York are recommended as S/NRHP eligible:

 Batzing Farm (est. 1915), 3932 Batzing Road  Inverness Cemetery (Toggletown), 3888 Telephone Road/ US 20

Further investigation and research are recommended to evaluate a newly inventoried resource, Fraser Cemetery (aka Scottish Cemetery-USGS map). The cemetery is located in an agricultural field on the east side of McVean Road side in field. It is not visible from the ROW.

4.4 VILLAGE OF AVON (MCD 05143), LIVINGSTON COUNTY

The western portion of the S/NRHP eligible Avon Village Historic District (USN 05143.000565) is located in the visual APE (see Appendix A). The recently surveyed district contains a total of 281 historic resources and encompasses the center of the village, the primary arterial along NY-20 and residential development north and south of Circle Park centered on Genesee and Temple Streets (CRIS August 2019). The section of the district in the study area include historic resources located on the following streets: NY 5/ East and West Main streets; River Street; Wadsworth Avenue; Sham Avenue; Sunset Drive; Maple Street; Cemetery Street; North Avenue). No new architectural field survey was conducted in the Village of Avon.

The Avon Village Historic District is significant under NRHP Criterion A in the areas of Transportation, Commerce and Industry, associated with the growth and development of the village of Avon as it developed into a regional transportation hub, agricultural processing center, and spa resort. The district is

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-3 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE also significant under NRHP Criterion C in the areas of Planning and Architecture. The period of significance for the district begins ca. 1790 with the establishment of the village plan and ends ca. 1950 which corresponds with the decline of the regional rail system and the reorientation of village development toward automotive transportation.

One previously determined individual S/NRHP eligible resource, the Erie-Attica RR Bridge over Genesee River (USN 05143.000033) is partially located in the Village of Avon and Town of Caledonia.

4.5 VILLAGE OF CALEDONIA (MCD 05144), LIVINGSTON COUNTY

No S/NRHP listed or eligible resources were identified in the section of the Village of Caledonia in the study area (CRIS 2019). One newly inventoried resource in the village is recommended as S/NRHP eligible, St. Columba Cemetery at 3293 State St/NY 5.

A Wells Barn is located in the Village of Caledonia, just north of the study area at the Caledonia Country Club (303 Park Place [See Appendix C]).

4.6 TOWN OF RUSH (MCD 05516), MONROE COUNTY

The S/NRHP listed Barber-Mulligan Farm (NR 90PR02973) is partially located in the section of the Town of Rush in the study area (see Town of Avon above). The following contributing resources are in the Rush portion of the property: Federal Style cobblestone tenant house built in the 1830s (on Hartwell Road; USN 05516.000036/ 05516.000036); the Hartwell House, a Greek Revival style tenant house on Hartwell Road (Tenant House III; USN 05101.000068/05516.000035); associated outbuildings; and agricultural land.

One previously determined S/NRHP-eligible historic district, Meadowood Estates Historic District (USN 05516.000075), is in the visual APE. Located on Meadowood at Stull Road, the historic district includes two residences designed by prominent Rochester architect Claude Bragdonin ca. 1915: Swanton Residence at 16 Meadowood (USN 0516.000005) and Mayove Residence at 14 Meadowood (USN 0516.000006).7 Meadowood Estates represents a collection of distinctive Arts & Crafts/ Colonial Revival residences and related outbuildings. The buildings share a landscaped park-like setting with formal garden spaces and picturesque service buildings and children’s playhouse. The current study identified one resource that is possible historically associated with Meadowood Estates, a small Bungalow-type house (ca. 1903) and gambrel roof house barn located at 25 Stulll Road (see Appendix B: Annotated List). Meadowood Estates Historic District is sited on the east side of the Genesee River near the proposed Project location. A full inventory of contributing and non-contributing resources for Meadowood Estates is not available. Further investigation and research is recommended for the historic district and the property at 25 Stull Road.

Seven previously determined S/NRHP eligible resources are in the visual APE. Elm Place (USN 05516.000067) is a previously identified S/NRHP resource located at 8899 East River Road) in the southwest corner of Rush. A country estate, Elm Place developed over several generations beginning in ca. 1800. The property includes a large brick main house (ca. early 19th through first of the 20th c.), tenant houses, the reconstructed Markham cabin (ca. 1890), and an early 20th century designed landscape by prominent landscape architect Alling DeForest (1875-1957). Elm Place is sited on the south side of the Genesee River near the proposed Project location.

Six of the S/NRHP eligible resources are located in the hamlet of Industry. One of which is the Genesee Valley Railroad Museum (former Industry Station, built in 1903 [USN 05516.000039]) at 282 Rush Scottsville Road. The five other S/NRHP eligible resources are historically associated with the State

7 Meadowood Estates Resource Evaluation, NYS OPRHP (2010; Project Ref. No. 10PR03627). Note, the road “Meadowood” does not have an assigned road type.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-4 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE Agricultural & Industrial School at Industry (Industry Secure Center, USN 05516.000056), which presently operates as the Industry Residential Center (IRC), a limited secure facility. The survey team did not access the IRC campus because of security restrictions. Four of the facility’s buildings are identified in CRIS as S/NRHP eligible:

 Building 35, Industry Secure Center (USN 05516.000082), 101 Ryder Hill Road  Building 36, Industry Secure Center (USN 05516.000083), 101 Ryder Hill Road  Building 37, Industry Secure Center (USN 05516.000084), 101 Ryder Hill Road  Building 39, Industry Secure Center (USN 05516.000085), 101 Ryder Hill Road

The IRC was originally established as the Western House of Refuge in Rochester in 1846.8 It was the first state-supported institution for the confinement and reform of juvenile delinquents in the United States. In 1886, the school was renamed the State Industrial School. In 1902, the State purchased one thousand acres of land in a rural section of Rush for the school’s new location in the area that became the hamlet of Industry. Renamed the State Agricultural & Industrial School, the school’s relocation to Industry was completed in 1907. In 1924, the State Industrial School property consisted of 1,431 acres located between the Genesee River, Honeoye Creek, and East River Road. The campus extended to north of Rush Scottsville Road (NY 231). The Erie Railroad ran along the west side of the campus. An IRC campus map (2008) is available in CRIS.

One other building identified with the Industry School, Building D (ca. 1963; USN 05516.000062) is located to the south of IRC at 7605 East River Road in the hamlet of West Rush. Building D, now a residence does not appear to meet the S/NRHP Criteria as an individually eligible resource. Further, the general locations of two previously inventoried unevaluated resources in Industry are identified on NY 251: unnamed building (USN 05516.000037) and “Caskosaga” (USN 05516.000038). No further information is available in CRIS; these two resources might be associated with the IRC campus.

Two previously inventoried unevaluated resources in Rush are recommended as S/NRHP eligible:  Fishell House (USN 05516.000002), cobblestone building (ca. 1838), 512 Fishell Road.  Woods-Bender House (George Residence [(USN 05516.000002]), cobblestone building (ca. 1826), 42 Rush West Rush Road in West Rush.

Six extant cobblestone buildings have been identified in Rush, three of which are located in the visual APE. The Fishell House and the Woods-Bender House are Federal style, cobblestone residences that contribute to the cobblestone architecture of New York State during the period spanning 1825-1865. The third cobblestone residence in the visual APE, the Bushman (Green) House (ca. 1846 [USN 05516.000058) at 791 Rush Henrietta Town Line Road was inventoried. However, the house has a deep set back and was partially obscured by trees and vegetation at the time of the field survey. Though the Bushman (Green) House has been modified, the main cobblestone block likely still contributes to the Cobblestone Architecture of New York State during the period spanning 1825-1865 (NRHP Criterion C at local/regional level). Further investigation and research is recommended for the Bushman (Green) House. Two newly inventoried resources in Rush are recommended as S/NRHP eligible:

 North Rush Cemetery, Rush Scottsville Road/ NY 251; north side, approx. 0.03-mi. east of East River Road  Davis Cemetery, Rush West Rush Road at Henrietta Road (on northeast corner)

The Livonia, Avon & Lakeville (LAL) Railroad Bridge over Honeoye Creek at the west end of Golah Road was inventoried (see Appendix B). Further research and investigation of the LAL Railroad corridor is recommended for historic context development and identification of any other extant LAL railroad-related resources.

8 Information obtained from “New York State & Industrial School,” http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php/ New_ York_State_Agricultural_%26_Industrial_School and Dick Halsey, “Records for State Industrial School,” Dick’s Genealogy & History Corner Rochester & Monroe Co., NY, http://rochistory.com/blog/?p=6881.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-5 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE

Two cemeteries in Rush were not inventoried: West Rush Cemetery and Thomas Cemetery. West Rush Cemetery (aka Rotzel Farm Cemetery) at 57 Rotzel Road in West Rush is documented on top of a hill at the east end of Rotzel Road (USGS Rush, NY 1997 [1971]). Ca. 1994, a residence with a long private driveway was constructed at the end of the road. West Rush Cemetery is not visible from the ROW. Reported burial dates range from 1827 through 1907.9 Thomas Cemetery (aka Fishell, Warnick and Wolf Bridge) on the north side of Fishell Road, east of West Henrietta Road, is located in the study area, but not in the visual APE.

One Wells Barn at High Bottom Farm, 7445 NY 15, was identified in the Rush section of the visual APE. The Wells Barn at 851 Rush-Henrietta Townline Road in Rush is located just outside the study area.

4.7 TOWN OF WHEATLAND (MCD 05519), MONROE COUNTY

Two S/NRHP-listed farm complexes are located in the in the visual APE in Wheatland: the Cox-Letson Cobblestone House and Farm [02NR05010; USN 05519.000098]) at 5015 River Road and the Romanta T. Miller House (13NR06509; USN 05519.000112) at 1089 Bowerman Road.10 National Register nomination forms are not available in CRIS. The Cox-Leston farmhouse (ca. 1838) is a Federal style cobblestone building. The farm includes two Wells Barns (a hay barn and a horse barn [built 1896]), a gable-roof barn, a concrete silo, and a section of cobblestone wall along the road. In 2016, the two Wells Barns were restored by the current owners as a ceremony barn and a reception barn known as “Rochester Cobblestone Wedding Barn.”11 The Romanta T. Miller House is an Italianate style residence constructed ca. 1850s. Colonial Revival additions (1913) were designed by Rochester architect Claude Bragdon. The Romanta T. Miller property also includes a Barn Complex, Workshop, and Pergola (USNs. 05519.000139-141).

A section of the S/NRHP-eligible Genesee Valley Canal/ Greenway (Genesee Valley Greenway State Park/ USN 05519.000108) is located in the Town of Wheatland and also extends through sections of the study area in the Towns of Caledonia and York. This 90-mile-linear corridor follows the route of the Genesee Valley Canal (1840-1878) and the Pennsylvania Railroad Rochester Branch (1882-1963) from the Erie Canalway Trail in Rochester's Genesee Valley Park to the Village of Cuba in Allegany County.12 The Greenway includes public, multi-use trail and natural and historic resources.

The S/NRHP-eligible Scottsville Rush Road Bridge (erected 1913) over the Genesee River (USN 05519.000019) in Wheatland and Rush was replaced by the current bridge in 1995.

Two previously inventoried unevaluated resources in Wheatland are recommended as S/NRHP eligible:

 Shadbolt House, Greek Revival (ca. 1845), 337 Quaker Road  Cobblestone Quaker Meeting House (1834), 409 Quaker Road

Five newly inventoried resources in Wheatland are recommended as S/NRHP eligible:

 Killion Martin House, Greek Revival, ca. 1855, 533 Quaker Road  Shelter Elms Farms, Italianate farmhouse, Wells Barn(?),4867 River Road  Warren House, Greek Revival (ca. 1840), 4927 River Road  Warren (Canawaugus) Cemetery, River Road; E side, between Nos. 4297 & 5015  Residence, vernacular (ca.1860), 5110 River Road

9 June C. Feder, “West Rush Cemetery,” Gen Web of Monroe Co., http://mcnygenealogy.com/cem/westrush.htm. 10 National Register nomination forms are not available in CRIS. 11 Cobblestone Wedding Barn, “History,” http://www.cobblestoneweddingbarn.com/about. 12 For more information see “Genesee Valley Greenway State Park,” https://parks.ny.gov/parks/189/details.aspx.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-6 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE Cox Cemetery at 5170 River Road and the Harrison Cox-Donoghue Residence at 88 South Road were inventoried. Cox Cemetery is an abandoned cemetery located on private property. The roughly 1-acre site is overgrown with mature trees and second growth trees, shrubs, and vegetation. No grave markers were noted during the field survey. The Harrison Cox-Donoghue Residence is a ca. 1841-1842 Greek Revival style building. The building was partially obscured by trees and vegetation at the time of the survey. Further investigation and research is recommended for both properties.

Three Wells Barn were identified in the Wheatland section of the visual APE.

 Francis Cox & Field Residence, ca. 1865 w/ Wells Barn, 321 South Road  Seldon Stokoe & Sons Farm, Wells Barn 940 Bowerman Road  Cox-Letson Cobblestone House and Farm Wells Barn, 5015 River Road (NRHP Listed)

A possible previously unidentified Wells Barn was noted at Shelter Elms Farm at 4867 River Road. The barn has a gambrel roof and paired windows with a “lazy W”-type molding. Visual inspection of the barn was limited to the exterior from the ROW. Two other Wells Barns are located just outside of the study area at 846 South Road and Maple Knoll Farm at 946 South Road.

Table 4.1. Architectural Survey Results: Historic Resources in the Horseshoe Solar 2-mile Visual APE.

Current SHPO USN Resource Name Address Town / County 2019 Survey Comments S/NRHP Status

05101.000066 Barber-Mulligan 5403 Barber Avon / Listed NR Listed NR Farm: Tenant Rd Livingston 90PR02973 90PR02973 House No. 2 05101.000067 Barber-Mulligan 5403 Barber Avon / Listed NR Listed NR Farm: Tenant Rd Livingston 90PR02973 90PR02973 House No. 1 05101.000068/ Barber-Mulligan 5403 Barber Avon (i.e., Listed NR Listed NR The Hartwell House, 05516.000035 Farm: Tenant Rd Rush) / 90PR02973 90PR02973 a Greek Revival style House No. 3 Livingston tenant house, on Hartwell Rd in Rush. 05101.000107 Unionport n/a Avon / Undetermined Undetermined No information in Livingston CRIS. Resource not located. 05101.000112 Farm Complex 1267 North Avon / Undetermined Not Eligible Does not appear to Ave Livingston meet NRHP Criteria.

n/a Avon Century Barn 1177 West Avon / n/a Eligible – Greek Revival Henrietta Rd Livingston House & Wells Barn 05143.000005 Frederick B. 1296 & 1304, Avon / Undetermined Undetermined Further research/ Pearson House and 1308 W Livingston investigation Henrietta Rd- required. House- US 20 #1308; Farm #1296 & #1304. Note, the property is located in the town; it is assigned a Village of Avon USN in CRIS.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-7 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE Table 4.1 continued. Current SHPO USN Resource Name Address Town / County 2019 Survey Comments S/NRHP Status 05102.000031 Dairy Farm 735 Middle Rd Caledonia / Undetermined Not Eligible Does not appear to Livingston meet NRHP Criteria. Farmhouse modified since 1986 building inventory form. n/a Cameron 4395 Cameron Caledonia / n/a Eligible Homestead Rd Livingston (Estes Farm), Greek Revival Farmhouse & Wells Barn n/a Farm, Italianate 417 Feely Rd Caledonia / n/a Eligible Farmhouse Livingston

n/a Farmhouse, Greek 687 Lacy Rd Caledonia / n/a Eligible Revival Livingston

n/a Honey Locust 90 Maxwell Caledonia / n/a Eligible Farms, Greek Station Rd Livingston Revival farmhouse n/a John Hugh 3923 NY 5/ Caledonia / n/a Eligible NYSED Historic McNaughton Caledonia- Livingston Marker (1932) House, "Babble Avon Rd Brook" n/a Oak Knolls, Wells 3956 NY 5/ Caledonia / n/a Undetermined Contributing to Wells Barn & Greek Caledonia- Livingston Barn Context Revival residence Avon Rd n/a Grave of Unknown Caledonia / n/a Undetermined NY 5/ Caledonia- Soldier, War of Livingston Avon Rd; N. side, 1812 (monument between Cold Spring 1924) and Lowery roads. Future research recommended. n/a Italianate 1027 Quarry Caledonia / n/a Eligible Residence Rd Livingston

n/a Former Christie 1205 Quarry Caledonia / n/a Eligible Estate Rd Livingston

n/a Former J.S./J.W. 761 West Caledonia / n/a Undetermined Future investigation/ Wadsworth River Rd Livingston research Residence recommended. House partially obscured at time of survey. n/a Jerris Wadsworth 1211 West Caledonia / n/a Eligible Wedding Barn & River Rd Livingston Estate (Andyhon Farm) n/a Batzing Farm, est. 3932 Batzing York / n/a Eligible 1915 Rd Livingston

n/a Fraser Cemetery McVean Rd; E. York / n/a Undetermined No access- (aka Scottish side, in field. Livingston surrounded by Cemetery-USGS private land. Not map) visible from road.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-8 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE Table 4.1 continued. Town / Current S/NRHP SHPO USN Resource Name Address 2019 Survey Comments County Status n/a Inverness 3888 Telephone York / n/a Eligible Cemetery Rd/ US 20 Livingston (Toggletown) 05143.000033 Erie-Attica RR Genesee River Avon (V) / Eligible Eligible Bridge located in Bridge over Caledonia Avon (V) and Genesee River (Erie Attica Caledonia. Trail) n/a St. Columbas 3293 State St/ Caledonia n/a Eligible Cemetery NY 5 (Village) / Livingston

05516.000036 Barber-Mulligan Hartwell Rd/ Rush / Listed NR Listed NR Barber-Mulligan Farm, Federal 5403 Barber Rd Monroe 90PR02973 90PR02973 Farm (NR Style cobblestone 90PR02973) at 5403 tenant house Barber Rd 05516.000002 Fishell House, 512 Fishell Rd Rush / Undetermined Eligible Contributing to the cobblestone, ca. Monroe Cobblestone 1838 Architecture of New York State New York State during the period spanning 1825-1865 Fishell- VanWagenen House- Tuety Residence in CRIS. 05516.000004 Woods-Bender 42 Rush West Rush / Undetermined Undetermined House modified, but House (George Rush Rd Monroe likely contributes to Residence), the Cobblestone cobblestone, ca. Architecture of New 1826 York State New York State during the period spanning 1825-1865. 05516.000005 Meadowood: 16 Meadowood Rush / Eligible Eligible Contributing to Swanton Monroe Meadowood Estates Residence Historic District (USN 05516000075). Further research and investigation recommended. 05516.000006 Meadowood: 14 Meadowood Rush / Eligible Eligible Contributing to Mayove Monroe Meadowood Estates Residence Historic District (USN 05516000075). Further research and investigation recommended. 05516.000035 Barber-Mulligan Hartwell Rd Rush / Listed NR Listed NR Farm/Hartwell Monroe 90PR02973 90PR02973 House

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-9 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE Table 4.1 continued.

Town / Current S/NRHP SHPO USN Resource Name Address 2019 Survey Comments County Status

05516.000036 Barber-Mulligan Hartwell Rd Rush / Listed NR Listed NR Farm/Cobbleston Monroe 90PR02973 90PR02973 e Tenant House 05516.000039 Genesee Valley 282 Rush Rush / Eligible Eligible Railroad Museum Scottsville Road Monroe

05516.000056 Industry School 101 Ryder Hill Rush / Eligible Eligible No access to (Industry Secure Rd Monroe building-security Center) gate/fence. Further research and investigation recommended. 05516.000058 Bushman 791 Rush Rush / Undetermined Undetermined House has a deep (Green) House, Henrietta Town Monroe setback. Partially cobblestone, ca. Line Rd obscured by trees at 1846 time of survey. 05516.000062 Building D, ca. 7605 East River Rush / Undetermined Not Eligible Does not appear to 1963 Rd Monroe meet NRHP Criteria (individual) 05516.000067 Elm Place 8899 East River Rush / Eligible Eligible Rd Monroe

05516.000075 Meadowood Meadowood Rush / Eligible Eligible Includes Nos. 14 & Estates Historic Monroe 16 District Meadowood 05516.000082 Building 35, 101 Ryder Hill Rush / Eligible Eligible Industry Residential Industry Secure Rd Monroe Center (USN Center - Industry 05516.000056 campus 05516.000083 Building 36, 101 Ryder Hill Rush / Eligible Eligible Industry Residential Industry Secure Rd Monroe Center (USN Center - Industry 05516.000056) campus 05516.000084 Building 37, 101 Ryder Hill Rush / Eligible Eligible Industry Residential Industry Secure Rd Monroe Center (USN Center - Industry 05516.000056 ) campus 05516.000085 Building 39, 101 Ryder Hill Rush / Eligible Eligible Industry Residential Industry Secure Rd Monroe Center (USN Center - Industry 05516.000056 ) campus n/a Livonia, Avon & Golah Rd; N. Rush / n/a Undetermined Further research and Lakeville RR side Monroe investigation of the Bridge over LAL Railroad corridor Honeoye Creek is recommended for its historic context and identification of any extant railroad- related resources. n/a North Rush Rush Scottsville Rush / n/a Eligible Rush Scottsville Rd/ Cemetery Rd Monroe NY 251; N. side, approx. 0.03-mi. E. of East River Rd.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-10 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE

Table 4.1 continued. Resource Town / Current S/NRHP SHPO USN Address 2019 Survey Comments Name County Status n/a Davis Cemetery Rush West Rush / n/a Eligible Rush West Rush Rd Rush Rd Monroe at Henrietta Rd, NE corner n/a 25 Stull Rd, 25 Stull Rd Rush / n/a Undetermined Possibly contributing Bungalow (ca. Monroe to Meadowood 1903) & Estates Historic gambrel barn District (USN 05516000075). Further research and investigation recommended. 05516.000087 Farm 9053 West Rush / Undetermined Not Eligible Does not appear to Henrietta Rd Monroe meet NRHP Criteria.

05519.000011 Shadbolt 337 Quaker Rd Wheatland / Undetermined Eligible Parcel contains 3 mid- House, Greek Monroe 19th c. residences & 2 Revival, ca. barn complexes 1845 05519.000018 Cobblestone 409 Quaker Rd Wheatland / Undetermined Eligible Contributing to the Quaker Meeting Monroe Cobblestone House (1834) Architecture of New York State New York State during the period spanning 1825-1865. 05519.000019 Scottsville Rush Scottsville Rush Wheatland / Undetermined Not Eligible - Bridge demolished. Rd Bridge Rd at Genesee Monroe Demolished River 05519.000098 Cox-Letson 5015 River Rd Wheatland / Listed Listed 2 Wells Barn Cobblestone Monroe (Cobblestone House and Wedding Barn) Farm 05519.000108 Genesee Valley n/a Wheatland / Eligible Eligible The corridor extends Canal/ Monroe through the visual Greenway APE in the towns of Wheatland, Caledonia, & York. 05519.000112 Romanta T. 1089 Bowerman Wheatland / Listed Listed Miller House Rd Monroe

05519.000139 Barn Complex 1089 Bowerman Wheatland / Listed Listed Rd Monroe

05519.000140 Workshop 1089 Bowerman Wheatland / Listed Listed Rd Monroe

05519.000141 Pergola 1089 Bowerman Wheatland / Listed Listed Rd Monroe

n/a Killion Martin 533 Quaker Rd Wheatland / n/a Eligible House, Greek Monroe Revival, ca. 1855

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-11 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE Table 4.1 continued. Town / Current S/NRHP SHPO USN Resource Name Address 2019 Survey Comments County Status n/a Shelter Elms 4867 River Rd Wheatland / n/a Eligible Possible Wells Barn Farms, Italianate Monroe on property farmhouse, Wells Barn(?) n/a Warren House, 4927 River Rd Wheatland / n/a Eligible Greek Revival, c. Monroe 1840 n/a Warren River Rd Wheatland / n/a Eligible River Rd; E side, (Canawangus) Monroe between Nos. 4297 & Cemetery 5015 n/a Residence, 5110 River Rd Wheatland / n/a Eligible vernacular, c. Monroe 1860 n/a Cox Cemetery 5170 River Wheatland / n/a Undetermined Abandoned. Located Road; east side Monroe on private property. at South Rd

n/a Harrisson Cox- 88 South Rd Wheatland / n/a Undetermined House mostly Donoghue Monroe obscured by trees Residence, ca. and vegetation at 1841-1842 time of survey.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 4-12 Horseshoe Solar Two-Mile Visual APE 5.0 Visual Impacts to Architectural Resources

The study area is defined as the area within two miles of the project and from which its solar panels will be visible (NYS OPRHP 2019 consultation). The total study area for the current project layout is 56.06 square miles, and proposed project components will be visible from roughly 65 percent of the study area (36.7 square miles). No structures or buildings will be demolished or physically altered in connection with the construction of the project. Access to the surrounding historical, recreational, and commercial land uses will not be impeded by the project.

The visual APE, or APE for Indirect Effects, on historic architectural resources includes those areas where the Facility may result in indirect effects on cultural resources, specifically visual impacts. The Facility’s potential indirect effect on historic architectural resources would be a change (resulting from the introduction of PV panels or other Facility components) in the property’s setting. Potential visual impacts associated with the proposed Facility are the most significant consideration for defining a visual APE.

The definition of visual impacts has historically been conceptually problematic. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) defines Visual Impact as:

when the mitigating effects of perspective do not reduce the visibility of an object to insignificant levels. Beauty plays no role in this concept. A visual impact may also be considered in the context of contrast. For instance, all other things being equal, a blue object seen against an orange background has greater visual impact than a blue object seen against the same colored blue background. Again, beauty plays no role in this concept [NYSDEC 2000:10-11].

However, the difficulties lie in defining ‘insignificant levels’ and in determining the levels of contrast that have a visual effect. Further, at what level of contrast does the effect become adverse? In the overall assessment, the multivariate natures of the S/NRL and S/NRE properties in the visual APE (viewshed) can be considered to a limited degree. In many instances, the setting of the property contributes to its eligibility while in other cases, it is less so or not at all important. In this analysis, the level of effect (visibility and contrast) is measured on the dataset as a whole—the S/NRL and S/NRE (and potentially eligible) properties within the viewshed (Table 5.1; see Table 4.1). Invenergy has contracted EDR to prepare a Visual Impact Analysis (VIA) for the Project which includes more in-depth visual effects analysis based on both topography and vegetation.

The proposed PV panels would be unique and prominent visible features on the rural agricultural landscape, especially in areas where there are not or ever have been other types of vertical, man-made features. Although viewshed analysis indicates potential visibility up to two miles away, the visual effect of the panels will be most apparent in the areas immediately adjacent to the Facility. The tallest components of the generating portion of the proposed Facility will be the PV panels and inverter equipment, which have a relatively low profile, and are not expected to be more than four meters (17 feet) above grade (less than a single-story residence).

Within or immediately adjacent to the proposed solar-project study area there are electrical distribution lines, telephone poles, water towers, and other vertical, modern visual intrusions. Most of these modern intrusions, to a certain extent, may have compromised some historical settings. Existing modern visual intrusions are relatively small compared to the proposed solar project center in terrain nearby.

The project will be sited on flat agricultural land the towns of Caledonia and Rush. The most significant visual impacts will be on open farming land (rural agricultural landscapes), and any of the following that have open/clear views of the solar farm: historic properties on ridges, cemeteries, and historic properties along major thoroughfares in the area and at historic crossroads communities. The impacts to these resources vary with the surrounding topography, distance from the solar project, existing landscaping and vegetation, and surrounding land uses.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 5-1 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Figure 5.1. Frequency of structures relative to nearest distance from APE (Panamerican 2019).

There are nine S/NRHP-listed properties, eleven (11) individual S/NRHP-eligible resources, and one S/NRHP-eligible historic districts in the visual APE. Nineteen (19) newly surveyed individual resources are recommended as S/NRHP-eligible. The portion of the project components that are visible from any surveyed property ranges from less than 1 percent to 97 percent (at 05101.000112, 1267 North Ave, Avon NY).

The mean portion of the project that will be visible from an NRE property, however, is 5.87 percent; the average distance from an NRL or NRE property to the project is 1.45 miles (2.33 km; Figure 5.1).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 5-2 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Table 5.1. Previously surveyed properties in the viewshed of Horseshoe Solar Project and visual impacts of project solar panels and project facilities.

NYSHPO Percentage of PCI 2019 Survey Distance to USN Address/Location City/Town eligibility APE visible from recommendation APE (miles) determination property 05101.000066 5403 Barber Rd Avon Listed 1.65 < 1 05101.000067 5403 Barber Rd Avon Listed 1.55 35 05101.000068/ 5403 Barber Rd Rush Listed 1.45 56 05516.000035 05101.000112 1267 North Ave Avon Undetermined Not eligible 1.84 97 05102.000031 735 Middle Rd Caledonia Undetermined Not eligible 1.55 1.8 1296 & 1304, and 1308 W 2.98 05143.000005 Avon Undetermined 2.8 Henrietta Rd-US 20 Erie-Attica RR Bridge over 1.69 05143.000033 Avon Eligible 33 Genesee River 05516.000002 512 Fishell Rd Rush Undetermined Eligible 1.67 29 05516.000004 42 West Rush Rd Rush Undetermined 0.31 < 1 05516.000005 16 Meadowood Estates Rush Eligible 0.15 22 05516.000006 14 Meadowood Estates Rush Eligible 0.14 22 05516.000036 Hartwell Rd Rush Listed 1.63 38 05516.000039 282 Rush Scottsville Road Rush Eligible 1.92 16 05516.000056 101 Ryder Hill Rd Rush Eligible 1.52 73 791 Rush Henrietta Town 05516.000058 Rush Undetermined 3.21 < 1 Line Rd 05516.000062 7605 East River Rd Rush Undetermined Not eligible 0.1 26 05516.00006 8899 East River Rd Rush Eligible 0.2 35 05516.000075 Meadowood Estates Rush Eligible 0.17 2.3 05516.000082 101 Ryder Hill Rd Rush Eligible 1.42 71 05516.000083 101 Ryder Hill Rd Rush Eligible 1.43 72 05516.000084 101 Ryder Hill Rd Rush Eligible 1.38 72 05516.000085 101 Ryder Hill Rd Rush Eligible 1.37 72 05516.000087 9053 West Henrietta Rd Rush Undetermined 1.59 3.3 05519.000011 337 Quaker Rd Wheatland Undetermined 2.43 16 05519.000018 409 Quaker Rd Wheatland Undetermined 2.53 2.5

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 5-3 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Table 5.1 continued. NYSHPO Percentage of PCI 2019 Survey Distance to USN Address/Location City/Town eligibility APE visible from recommendation APE (miles) determination property Scottsville Rush Rd at 05519.000019 Wheatland Undetermined Not eligible 2.22 4.6 Genesee River 05519.000098 5015 River Rd Scottsville Listed 1.54 1.3 n/a (71% of the n/a (listed as GVG in study area Genesee Valley Canal/ 5519.000108 Wheatland on Eligible n/a is in view of Greenway CRIS) project components) 05519.000112 1089 Bowerman Rd Wheatland Listed 2.4 < 1 05519.000139 1089 Bowerman Rd Wheatland Listed 2.42 < 1 05519.000140 1089 Bowerman Rd Wheatland Listed 2.42 2.5 05519.000141 1089 Bowerman Rd Wheatland Listed 2.42 2.3

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 5-4 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Table 5.2. Newly surveyed properties in the viewshed of Horseshoe Solar Project and visual impacts of project solar panels and project facilities without USNs.

Distance Percentage of PCI 2019 Survey USN Address/Location City/Town to APE APE visible recommendation (miles) from property n/a 1027 Quarry Rd Caledonia Eligible 0.09 57 n/a 1177 W Henrietta Rd Avon Eligible 2.5 < 1 n/a 1205 Quarry Rd Caledonia Eligible 0.6 79 n/a 1211 West River Rd Caledonia Eligible 0.21 3 n/a 25 Stull Rd Rush Undetermined 0.15 4.3 n/a 3888 Telephone Rd York Eligible 0.69 18 n/a 3923 NY 5 Caledonia Eligible 0.09 18 n/a 3932 Batzing Rd York Eligible 1.55 34 n/a 3956 NY 5 Caledonia Undetermined 0.33 23 n/a 417 Feely Rd Caledonia Eligible 1.67 10 n/a 4395 Cameron Rd Caledonia Eligible 0.77 5.6 n/a 4867 River Rd Wheatland Eligible 2.17 < 1 n/a 4927 River Rd Wheatland Eligible 1.82 3.6 n/a 5110 River Rd Wheatland Eligible 1.08 2.8 n/a 5170 River Rd Wheatland Undetermined 0.92 < 1 n/a 687 Lacey Rd Caledonia Eligible 0.63 3.6 n/a 761 W River Rd Caledonia Undetermined 0.07 1.8 n/a 88 South Rd Wheatland Undetermined 1.16 4.6 n/a 90 Maxwell Station Rd Caledonia Eligible 2.48 19 n/a Davis Cemetery Rush Eligible 1.75 < 1 Fraser Cemetery ("Scottish Cemetery"); n/a York Undetermined 1.53 96 McVean Rd; E. side, in field n/a Grave of Unknown Soldier Caledonia Undetermined 0.02 3 n/a Killion Martin House Wheatland Eligible 2.72 8.9 Livonia, Avon & Lakeville n/a Rush Undetermined 0.07 21 RR Bridge n/a North Rush Cemetery Rush Eligible 1.64 < 1 n/a St. Columba Cemetery Caledonia Eligible 2.39 10 Warren (Canawaugus) n/a Wheatland Eligible 1.67 < 1 Cemetery

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 5-5 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

6.0 Mitigation of Visual Impacts

The results of the historic resources survey for the Horseshoe Solar Project Two-mile visual APE are summarized below by municipality and presented in Table 4.1. The total number of historic resources in the visual APE is listed below:

 State/National Register-Listed resources: 3  Existing State/National Register-Eligible (Individual) resources1: 9  Existing State/National Register-Eligible Historic Districts: 2  Newly Recommended State/National Register-Eligible (Individual) resources: 22  Recommended State/National eligibility status “Undetermined”: 9  Recommended Not-eligible for listing in State/National Register (individual): 3

The area of visibility of the solar development project that can be seen from S/NRL and S/NRE properties spans the full range of values. While some of these properties are grouped together within villages or hamlets, along roads or in associated complexes such as farmsteads, on the whole, the properties are widely dispersed across the area. As noted in Section 5.0, the impacts to these resources vary with the surrounding topography, distance from the PV panels and electrical lines, existing landscaping and vegetation, and surrounding land uses.

Some screening will be afforded by mature trees, shrubs, and plantings for at least part of the year. This observation is especially true for buildings/structures in the areas surrounding streams and steep embankments. The topography of some portions of the five-mile visual APE will provide additional screening. Nevertheless, there are visual impacts to the area associated with the construction of the Project that will require mitigation.

Horseshoe Solar Energy LLC (HSS) is obligated to mitigate adverse visual effects to NRE and NRL properties under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act as well as to mitigate significant visual impacts under Article 8 of the New York State Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) and 6NYCRR Part 617 as delineated in the NYSDEC Assessing and Mitigating Visual Impacts (2000). In the case of the Horseshoe Solar Project, both Section 106 and NYSDEC mitigation were triggered by the same occurrence: the inclusion of NRE or potentially NRE properties within the project visual APE. NYSDEC lists specific mitigation strategies, while Section 106 does not; the two are not mutually exclusive, however, and strategies for each can have common characteristics.

PROJECT CRITERIA

HSS proposes the following working criteria for any proposed “historical mitigation” project or activity. These criteria provide that the subject of any such project should:

1. Be consistent with the guidance of NYSHPO 2. Have historical significance 3. Serve a public historic purpose 4. Be a good investment 5. Be appropriate to the state of preservation of local historical resources

PROFESSIONAL DESIGN AND SITING

NYSDEC considers a properly designed and sited project the best way to mitigate potential impacts. The Horseshoe Solar project is designed to mitigate the visual impact of the Facility components where practical.

1 This total does not take into account the one demolished S/NRE resource in Wheatland (USN). Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 6-1 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

MAINTENANCE

NYSDEC considers the maintenance of buildings/structures and landscapes and the decommissioning of objects or buildings/structures as part of a mitigation strategy. Proper maintenance prevents “eyesores” and is an integral part of HSS’s plan for the solar energy development

Local laws and/or Article 10 will require a decommissioning plan to be put into place to remove obsolete and unused equipment. The plan will include cost estimates for the removal of panels and the reclamation of the areas including under panels, access roads, seeding and re-vegetation, and salvage of various materials.

SURVEYS

The completion of various types of surveys is a more traditional form of Section 106 mitigation; nevertheless it can also be used as a type of “offset” as described by NYSDEC. An “offset” is the correction of an existing aesthetic problem identified within a Zone Visual Influence (i.e., viewshed) as compensation for project impacts.

A Historic Resources Survey is the principal tool for identifying historic properties and placing them in the local, state and/or national historic context. Surveys provide an inventory of the built environment by systematically documenting historic properties by geographic location or theme. Further consultation with NYSHPO, and coordination with Livingston County Historical Society, Rush Historical Society, and local historians and planners would be required to determine the scope of work for a historic resources survey (e.g. type of survey [reconnaissance/intensive], survey methodology, level of documentation, etc.).

The Historic Resources Survey would aid communities in the following: establishing priorities for preservation projects; identification of historic properties that may benefit from National Register listing (which can qualify properties for certain tax credit and grant programs) and/or local designation; increase public awareness and appreciation for properties that reflect local, state, and national history; and gather information for educational and promotional purposes.

Other types of surveys for consideration can include:

 Update the county’s GIS mapping of its cultural resources within the affected area  Conduct surveys identifying specific architectural styles and types of buildings, structures and landscapes within the counties, towns, villages and hamlets affected by the project  Listing of S/NRE sites/buildings/structures/objects/districts/landscapes in the area to the National Register (i.e. National Register nominations)  Completing formal recordation documents (e.g., Historic American Buildings Survey [HABS], Historic American Engineering Record [HAER], Historic American Landscape Survey [HALS]) for the power houses/dams as well as sites, buildings, structures, landscapes that have been identified but never completed within the APE.

MONETARY CONTRIBUTIONS

The creation of a pool of funds overseen by a third party is a less traditional, but effective way of offsetting project impacts.

 Establish a monetary fund, with NYSHPO oversight, to initiate an historic landscape preservation program to support the preservation of historic landscapes in New York State. The introduction of such a program would offer technical assistance to municipalities and not-for-profit organizations to increase awareness of historic landscapes in New York State. Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 6-2 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

 Establish a cemetery maintenance program that can disburse funds to maintain the many small historic cemeteries in the area.  Provide funds to town historian’s office to collect and archive local historical records, including photographs.  Donations to libraries in the affected area for purchase of local, Livingston County, and Monroe County material.  Create a Historic Property Visual Mitigation Grant Fund for use by the owners of historic structures affected by the project. Funds from grants would be used to purchase onsite screening or make repairs to affected historic structures. The details of oversight, submission protocols, and eligibility will be negotiated with the NYSHPO.

HERITAGE TOURISM

The creation of Heritage Tourism materials has become an important part of municipalities, regions, and states promotional activities. These materials can be easily used by many individuals and widely distributed. Most of the activities listed below fall within the traditional Section 106 mitigation sphere, and all can be used as offset.

 10-Minute Video Presentation. A video presentation can be used in schools, for presentations to civic groups, and on public access television.  Brochure. A brochure highlighting historic architecture can be distributed at public libraries, visitor’s centers, etc., within the affected area.  Develop local history website(s) to expand on digital historical record and online research.  Posters. Posters can be produced highlighting the area and its history.  Driving/Walking tours. Tours can be conducted out of the public library, visitor’s centers, etc., within the affected area.  Exhibit. Exhibits focusing on history and architecture can be set up in libraries, visitor’s centers, town halls, etc., within the affected area.  Power-Point Presentation. This can be used in schools, for presentations to civic groups within the affected area

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 6-3 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey 7.0 References

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Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 7-4 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Appendix A. Locations of Architectural Resources within Two Miles of Project Location (Project map)

(Separate file; see attachment)

Appendix B. Annotated List: Architectural Resources Property Name: Avon Century Barn – Wells Barn Location: 1177 West Henrietta Rd, Avon (T), Livingston County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: Mid-19th century/ 1913 Type/Use: Agricultural / Style: Greek Revival/ Wells Barn Stories: 2.5 Commercial Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: hipped roof Plan: irregular Foundation: stone Sash: 2/2 DHS replacement Outbuildings: Wells Barn, gabled-roof barn, shed

Avon Century Barn House Facing east.

Information: Located on the southeast corner of W. Henrietta and N. Avon roads in rural North Avon, the 10.9-acre parcel consists primarily of agricultural crop land. The eastern portion of the parcel is wooded. It is surrounded by agricultural fields and the National Register Listed Barber Mulligan Farm (1,245 acres of protected farmland) to the west. Genesee Expressway/I-390 was constructed to the east of the property in 1973; it is not visible from W. Henrietta Rd. A frame, 2.5 story, Greek Revival farmhouse with a Classical-inspired colonnaded full façade porch (fluted Doric-type columns), full entablature and traditional classical pediment embellished with a lunette. The central main entrance features a transom and fixed sidelights (original lights replaced?). A 1-story porch is on the south side of the house. The east side (rear) has a 2 story and 1 story additions. Original window sash have been replaced. The primary farm building is a largely intact Wells Barn constructed in 1913. Facing east. The 40‘ by 110’ barn exhibits the characteristic architectural features of a Wells Barn, most notably the signature gambrel roof with paired windows capped by a “lazy W” molding in the gambrel end. This barn features shed dormers, which is atypical for Wells Barns. It has been repurposed for use as an event space. Other farm buildings include a ca. 1900 gable-font barn, a small stone building (smokehouse?), and a shed. Note, the west side and rear of the house and smaller farm buildings were fully visible from the ROW at the time of survey. Significance: The Avon Century Barn farmhouse recommended under NRHP Criteria C as an example of a largely intact Greek Revival style farmhouse with associated farm buildings that includes a Wells Barn. The farm retains its agricultural setting and contributes to the overall rural character of the North Avon. The Avon Century Barn—Wells Barn is architecturally and historically significant (NRHP Criteria A and C) as a largely intact extant example of a Wells Barn, a distinctive regional barn type Facing southeast built from 1886 to 1942. During this period, John Talcott Wells, Sr., and his Sources: Avon Century Barn, http://www.avoncenturybarn.com/ sons constructed over 200 barns throughout Western New York. The Wells B. & J. Pratt, Wells Barns: J.T. Wells & Sons, Scottsville, NY Truss System for Building or Bridges was patented in 1889. The interior of 1886-1942 Barns Still Standing in 2004 (2004), 5. Wells Barns feature gothic arches with laminated trusses designed to Francis M. Stern, Preservation League of NYS, “Seven to Save: balance outward and inward forces to create ample open spaces. Today, 2018-19 Edition,” https://www.preservenys.org/blog/seven-to- there are reportedly less than 50 documented Wells Barns remaining which save-2018-19-edition?rq=seven%20to%20save. are clustered in southern Monroe County and Livingston County. One other Katie Andres, “Introduction April 18, 2016,” Wells Barn History, Wells Barn is located opposite the northeast corner of the Avon Century https://wellsbarnhistory.com/introduction/ Barn property at 5691 North Avon Rd. Wells Barns were designated as one Livingston County MAP, http://map.livingstoncounty.us/Livingston of the Preservation League of NYS’s “Seven to Save” in 2018-2019. County FlexPublic /index.html# Historic Maps: 1852 & 1858- H. Dann; 1872- F. Dann; 1902- N. Dann. Dann Wells Barn History, https://wellsbarnhistory.com/1177-w- family also owned farm across street (demolished n.d.). henrietta-rd-avon-ny-14414/ Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-1 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Frederick B. Pearson House Location: House-#1308, Farm #1296 & #1304 West Henrietta Rd/ US 20, Avon (T), Livingston County USN: 5143.000005 S/NRHP Status: Undetermined 2019 Survey Evaluation: Undetermined Date: ca. 1830./ ca. 1910 Type/Use: Agricultural Style: Federal/ Italianate Stories: 2.5 Exterior siding: vinyl Roof: gable Plan: irregular Foundation: cobblestone, Sash: 6/6 DHS-some Outbuildings: dairy barn, barn, tenant house, garage, machine shed stone replacement

Frederick B. Pearson House Facing west.

Information: Frederick B. Pearson House is located on 225’ wide by 300’ deep parcel at 1308 West Henrietta Rd on the west side of the road near North Avon. Its associated 244.3-acre farm at 1296 & 1304 West Henrietta Rd includes farm buildings, farmland, and tenant house. The farm is the southernmost farm on West Henrietta Rd in North Avon. Residential and commercial properties are located to south. East Avon, where John Pearson initiated the construction of the National Register Listed First Presbyterian Church, is also to the south. Genesee Expressway/I-390 was constructed to the east of the property in 1973; it is not visible from W. Henrietta Rd.

A frame, 2.5 story, vernacular Federal/ Italianate farmhouse set on a cobblestone foundation. The main block is 3 bays wide and 4 bays deep. It has an attached rear 1-story addition and an attached garage wing. The three-bay wide east façade features an elaborated entrance in the south bay; sidelights display intricate tracery. Other details include: cornice Facing north-northwest returns, wide unadorned frieze, cobblestone foundation on facade only, Italianate-style entry porch and a decorative window in the gable on west side. The attached living space/garage wing has a modified entrance on the east side and garage door on the south side. A frame, 2 story, vernacular tenant house on the northeast side of the house; it appears to have been modified. A concrete block two-bay garage with stepped parapet stands west of the house. Agricultural buildings include a gambrel roof dairy barn complex with a gable front barn, two concrete silos (missing tops), 3 metal grain bins, and other smaller farm buildings (not visible from ROW). A large machine shed (≤50 years) is located between the garage and the barn complex. Significance: The Frederick Bushnell Pearson House and farm is associated with one of Avon’s pioneer families, the Pearson (Pierson) family. In 1797, five Pearson brothers from Connecticut settled in East Avon. The property is also associated with the agricultural heritage of Avon and Livingston County. Further research is recommended for the history of Facing southwest. the family and property. Note, the house was partially visible from the ROW at the time of the survey. Further visual inspection of the house and farm Sources: Avon Preservation & Historical Society, “Hamlets, buildings is also recommended. ”http://www.avonpreservation.org/hamlets. Historic Maps: 1852, 1858, & 1872 - F.B. Pierson; 1902-Maplewood Farm, Livingston County MAP, J.H. Crouse (M.R. Hamilton). In 1902, Jas. H. Crouse also owned/operated http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/inde five farms to the northwest of this property on Barber Rd (current N. Avon x.html#. Rd)- Beckwith, Harris, Hamlin, Hendricks and Marshall Farms; and NYS Historic Trust Statewide Survey of Historic Sites & Buildings Chappell Farm No.3 southeast of East Avon. Form (1968). James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York (1881), 445-46. Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-2 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Cameron Homestead (“Honey Locust”/Estes Farm), Location: 4395 Cameron Rd, Caledonia (T), Livingston County Wells Barn USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1830s / 1896 Type/Use: Agricultural Style: Greek Revival/ Wells Barn Stories: 1.5 Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: gable Plan: irregular Foundation: stone Sash: 2/2 DHS replacement Outbuildings: Wells Barn with attached gambrel roof barn

Cameron Homestead

Information: The property is located in northeast section of Caledonia in a rural agricultural area in the northeast section of Caledonia. The farm extends on both sides of Cameron Rd, west of Maxwell Station Rd. The 2.66-acre farmhouse parcel is on the north side of the road. Its associated agricultural land and farm buildings are located on a 266.6-acre parcel on the south side of the road. The property is surrounded by agricultural land. The farmhouse is a largely-intact example of a frame, 1.5-story vernacular Greek Revival. It consists of a 4-bay wide by 2-bay deep main block with a side-gabled roof. It has an attached 1-story east wing, a rear shed roof addition, and a gabled 1-story rear addition. The south façade entrance has a simple wooden surround with sidelights and frieze windows with ornamental ironwork grilles. An interior chimney rests on the center ridge. The east wing has an unadorned frieze, cornice return, an enclosed entrance porch on the south façade, and a polygonal bay on the northeast corner. Facing southwest. The primary farm building is a largely intact Wells Barn constructed in 1896. The 30’ by 104’ barn exhibits the characteristic architectural features of a Wells Barn, most notably the signature gambrel roof with paired windows capped by a “Lazy W” molding in the gambrel end. An attached gambrel roof barn is on the west side. Another barn complex is located on western edge of the south parcel (no photos). Significance: The Cameron Homestead farmhouse is recommended under NRHP Criterion A as an example of a largely intact Greek Revival style farmhouse with associated farm buildings that includes a Wells Barn. The farm retains its agricultural setting and contributes to the overall rural character of Caledonia. The Wells Barn is architecturally and historically significant (NRHP Criteria A and C) as a largely intact extant example of a Wells Barn, a distinctive regional barn type built from 1886 to 1942. During this period, John Talcott Wells, Sr., and his sons constructed over 200 barns throughout Western New York. The Wells Truss System for Building or Facing west. B. & J. Pratt, Wells Barns: J.T. Wells & Sons, Scottsville, NY 1886-1942 Bridges was patented in 1889. The interior of Wells Barns feature gothic Barns Still Standing in 2004 (2004), 8. arches with laminated trusses designed to balance outward and inward Bruce Harvey, “Seven to Save Photography: Wells Barns,” forces to create ample open spaces. Today, there are reportedly less than http://bgharvey.com/habs-haer-photography-wells-barns/. 50 documented Wells Barns remaining which are clustered in southern Francis M. Stern, Preservation League of NYS, “Seven to Save: 2019-19 Monroe County and Livingston County. Wells Barns were designated as one Edition,” https://www.preservenys.org/blog/seven-to-save-2018-19- of the Preservation League of NYS’s “Seven to Save” in 2018-2019. edition?rq=seven%20to%20save. Historic Maps: 1852, 1858, & 1872 - D. Cameron; 1902- A.G. Cameron- Katie Andres, “Introduction April 18, 2016,” Wells Barn History, “Cameron Homestead.” The Cameron Homestead was established in 1832 https://wellsbarnhistory.com/introduction//. Livingston County MAP, and remained in the Cameron family until 1941. A.C. Towne owned the http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/index.html#. property from 1941-1951. Robert Estes purchased the property in 1951. The James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York (1881). Camerons were early settlers of Caledonia. Wells Barn History, https://wellsbarnhistory.com/4395-cameron-road- caledonia-ny-14423/. Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-3 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Farm, Italianate farmhouse Location: 417 Feely Rd, Caledonia (T),, Livingston County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca 1860 ./ ca. 1895 Type/Use: Residential/ Agricultural Style: Italianate Stories: 2 Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: hip Plan: rectangular with rear wing Foundation: cobblestone/ Sash: 6/6 DHS – some replacement Outbuildings: late 19th c. barn complex, modern barn brick (snap ins)

Facing east

Information: The 146.8-acre farm is located on the east side of Feely Rd and south side of Cameron Rd in northern section of Caledonia. Landscape features include lawn, mature deciduous trees, circular gravel and dirt driveway, horse paddock, pasture land, and crop land. The property is surrounded by agricultural land. A frame, 2-story Italianate style farmhouse with rectangular boxed shape (5 x 4 bays) , hipped roof, and a frame, 1.5 story, gabled- roof rear addition. It has an early 20th century full-width, open porch with rubble stone porch rail, square supports, and hipped roof. The 1st floor of the west façade has a central entrance, with intact wooden double-leaf doors, and full-height window openings. Details include: decorative corner pilasters, polygonal bay on south side, wide overhanging eaves (brackets removed?), and a rectangular cupola (3 x 2 round arch windows w/ original 2/2 Facing southeast. DHS). The main block has a cobblestone foundation with stone quoins, external cellar doors on the south side, and two internal chimneys. Side porches are on the south and north sides.

A late-19th c. barn is to the south house. The side-gabled barn is perpendicular to the road. It has a stone foundation, vertical board siding (some boards missing), two wagon bays on the north barn side. A modern gabled barn was constructed between the house and late 19th c. barn.

Significance: The property at 417 Feely Rd is recommended NRHP eligible under Criteria A and C. It is a good representative example of a mid-to-late 19th c. farm with a largely intact Italianate style farmhouse remaining in northern Livingston County. The farm retains its agricultural setting and contributes to the overall Facing southeast. rural character of Caledonia.

Sources: Livingston County MAP, Historic Maps: 1872- Mrs. M.E. McNaughton; 1902- Miss J. http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPubli Mollock. Note, in 1852 & 1858 D. McNaughton owned a farm on c/index.html#. the west side of the road which Mrs. McNaughton owned in 1872 James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York and Miss. J. Mollock owned in 1902 (farmhouse extant-altered). (1881).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-4 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Lacy Homestead, Greek Revival Location: 687 Lacy Rd, Caledonia (T), Livingston County farmhouse USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1835 Type/Use: Residential Style: Greek Revival Stories: 2 Exterior siding: clapboard, flush Roof: gable Plan: rectangular board Foundation: cobblestone Sash: 6/6 DHS Outbuildings: barn

“Lacy Homestead,” Greek Revival farmhouse Facing west.

Information: The 296.8-acre farm is located on the east side of Lacy Rd opposite the southern terminus of Feely Rd in northern portion of Caledonia. Landscape features include lawn, mature deciduous trees, gravel and dirt driveway, pasture land, and crop land. The property is surrounded by agricultural land. The building consists of a main 2.5 story, frame, side-gabled block (4 X 2 bays) and 1.5 story gabled wing. The west façade of the main block has open central bays, enclosed side bays, and flat roof accented by guttae. Details include paired central entrances with transoms with fret design flanked by pilasters, 2 single window openings, and a square porch support. It has a cobblestone foundation with stone quoins. Paneled pilasters divide the four-raked upper west façade. It has a wide unadorned cornice, frieze windows with fret design, and interior end Facing northeast. chimneys. The south wing has a recessed porch with single porch support in the north bay. Note, the gable ends were partially obscured by trees at the time of the survey. A dairy barn complex is to the south of the farmhouse. It consists of a late 19th c. bank barn with side-gabled roof, wagon doors on north barn side, vertical plank and corrugated metal siding, and mixed field stone foundation. It is set perpendicular to the road. The barn complex includes an attached concrete block barn/milk house and concrete silo. Two sheds and 3 steel storage bins are located between the house and the barn complex.

Significance: The farm at 687 Lacy Rd, “Lacy Homestead,” is recommended NRHP eligible under Criteria A and C. It is a good Facing southeast. representative example of a ca. 1830s farm with a largely intact Historic Maps: 1852 & 1858 E. Lacy (Note, a structure is shown Greek Revival farmhouse with a distinctive regional sub-type. slightly south of Feely Rd on mid-19th c. maps); 1872 V. Lacy The farm retains its agricultural setting and contributes to the (Volney, child of Ephraim and & Mary Lacey; 1902-Misses C. & M. Lacy, “Lacey Homestead.” overall rural character of Caledonia. It is associated with one of Sources: Livingston County MAP, the early settlers of the town, Ephraim Lacy who was born in http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/inde Orange County and settled in the area in 1816. He was farmer x.html#. who served as highway commissioner and assessor. James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York (1881).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-5 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Honey Locust Farms, Greek Revival Location: 90 Maxwell Station Rd, Caledonia (T), Livingston County farmhouse USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: Mid-19th c./ ca. 1910 Type/Use: Residential/ Agricultural Style: Greek Revival/ Wells Barn Stories: 1-2 Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: gable Plan: center gable and wings Foundation: mixed stone Sash: 6/6 DHS Outbuildings: Dairy barn complex, 3 silos, 2-bay garage

Facing west. Information: The 87.2-acre farm is located on the west side of Maxwell Station Rd in north Caledonia, just south of the Livingston- Monroe County line. Landscape features include lawn, mature deciduous trees, bushes, gravel and dirt driveway, pasture land, and crop land. The property is surrounded by agricultural land.

A frame, Greek Revival style farmhouse with a 2 story front- gabled block with integrated, full- width porch and flanking 1.5 story, side- gabled wings. The central block has square porch supports, flush board siding, entrance with shouldered door enframement, corner pilasters, and cornice returns. Entry porches are located on the north and south sides. It has a a rear 1-story gabled addition with side entrance. A ca. 1920, 2-bay, frame garage is on the north side of the house. Facing southwest.

To the west of the farmhouse, is a dairy barn complex consisting of a large gambrel roof barn with lesser attached gambrel roof barn at the north end. A shed roof machine and hay storage shelter extends across the south barn side to the north side of a steel Quonset-type barn.

Significance: Honey Locust Farms is recommended NRHP eligible under Criteria A and C. It is a good representative example of a ca. 1830s farm with a largely-intact Greek Revival farmhouse with a distinctive regional sub-type, gable-front and side wings. The farm retains its agricultural setting and contributes to the overall rural character of Caledonia. The farm is historical associated with the Estes family, a prominent farming family who still own and operate Facing west farms in north Caledonia at present. It retains its integrity of location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and Sources: Livingston County MAP, http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/index association. .html#. James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York (1881). Historic Maps: 1852& 1958- A. Estes; 1872- A.P. Estus; 1902- A.P. Estes, “Honey Locust Farm.”

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-6 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: John Hugh McNaughton House, "Babble Brook" Location: 3923 NY 5/ Caledonia- Avon Rd, Caledonia, Livingston Cty USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: Mid-19th c./ ca. 1895 Type/Use: Residential Style: vernacular/ mixed 19th c. Stories: 2 Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: hip Plan: rectangular w/ rear addition Foundation: not visible Sash: 6/6 DHS Outbuildings: Barn

John Hugh McNaughton House, Facing north

Information: The 3-acre property is located on the north side of NY 5 east of Lowery Rd in the southern portion of Caledonia. This section of NY 5 remains largely rural. Landscape features include lawn, mature trees, hedgerow, flagpole, NYSED Historic Marker (1932). and asphalt driveway. The property is surrounded by residences and agricultural land. A frame, 2-story, residence (5- x 2 bays) with steeply pitched hipped roof (possibly added later) and overhanging eaves. The south façade has symmetrical fenestration, a central entrance, entry porch with hipped roof and square supports, and decorative corner pilasters. A side entrance with canopy and Italianate-type scrollwork brackets is on the east side. A polygonal bay is on the west side and a lesser gabled addition is attached to the north side. On the northwest side of the house is a late 19th c., side- gabled barn.

Significance: The John Hugh McNaughton House is recommended NRHP eligible under Criteria A and C. It is a good representative example of a highly-intact mid-19th c. farmhouse with mixed stylistic elements. Though the Facing north. property’s acreage has reduced in size, the farm retains its agricultural setting and contributes to the overall rural character of Caledonia. The property is historically significant as the home of 19th c. musical composer and poet John Hugh McNaughton (1829-1891) known as “Babble Brook.” The youngest of six children, he was born and lived in Caledonia. His father John Hugh, had emigrated to the area from Perthshire, Scotland in 1826. “Babble Brook” was the title of his first volume of poems (1864). Onnalinda: A Romance In Verse (1884), one of McNaughton’s principal literary works, was highly praised in England and Scotland. His best known musical work "The Faded Coat of Blue" is a ballad about captured Union soldiers in the Civil War. He is buried in Caledonia Rural Cemetery.

Historic Maps: 1852, 1858, & 1872- J.H. McNaughton; 1902- Mrs. J.H. McNaughton, “Babble Brook.” Sources: James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York (1881). Facing north. “John Hugh McNaughton, “Biographical Review: This Volume Contains “John Hugh McNaughton, “ Biographical Sketches of Livingston and Wyoming Counties, New York http://www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/m/c/n/mcnaughton_jh.htm (Boston: Biographical Review Publishing Company, 1895), 71-72. Livingston County MAP, John Hugh McNaughton,“ Campbell Homestead Genealogy, http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/i http://gene.campbellhomestead.com/2016/11/14/john-hugh-mcnaughton/. ndex.html#. “Online Books By John Hugh McNaughton” http://onlinebooks.library.upenn. edu/ webbin/book/lookupname?key=McNaughton%2C%20John%20Hugh %2C%201829-1891.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-7 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Oak Knolls Manor, Wells Barn & Greek Revival Location: 3956 NY 5/ Caledonia- Avon Rd, Caledonia (T), residence Livingston County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Undetermined Date: Mid-19th c./ 1915 barn Type/Use: Residence/Commercial Style: Greek Revival/ Wells Barn Stories: 1-2 Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: gable; gambrel Plan: barn- rectangular Foundation: stone Sash: replacement Outbuildings: barn to west of Wells Barn

Wells Barn, Oak Knolls Facing west-southwest

Information: Known as Oak Knolls Manor, the former farm now consists of a 5-acre parcel consists of single family residence/farmhouse, Wells Barn, and a front gabled barn. The house and barn are set on a knoll on the south side of NY 5, east of Lowery Rd in southern portion of Caledonia. The property is surrounded by residences and agricultural land. The frame farmhouse has been remodeled and altered. The Wells Barn is perpendicular to the road and stands on the east side of the house. Built in 1915, the 36 by 80’ hay barn exhibits the characteristic architectural features of a Wells Barn, most notably the signature gambrel roof and truss system. A smaller 36’ by 46’ Wells Barn is attached to the north side of the main barn. Foundation work began on the barn in 2016, as part of a phased renovation project. The lower barn floor was cemented. New floors were placed on the stage and main areas of the main barn. Large windows openings were installed on the east side of the barn and. It has a new roof and two large decks were added to the east and west sides. Wells Barn, facing south. Windows were added to the north side of the smaller barn. In 1893, a gambrel roof barn was erected (80’ in length, 24’ in height, and a 9’ basement. Sgnificance: The Wells Barn at Oak Knolls is an example of a distinctive regional barn type built from 1886 to 1942. During this period, John Talcott Wells, Sr., and his sons constructed over 200 barns throughout Western New York. The Wells Truss System for Building or Bridges was patented in 1889. The interior of Wells Barns feature gothic arches with laminated trusses designed to balance outward and inward forces to create ample open spaces. Today, there are reportedly less than 50 documented Wells Barns remaining which are clustered in southern Monroe County and Livingston County. The Wells Barn at Oak Knollls is reportedly the only one of its type constructed with an attached smaller Wells Barn. Collectively, the extant barns contribute to the architectural and agricultural heritage created by the J.T. Wells and his sons. Oak Knolls was a cattle farm and the large Facing southwest barn was originally used to maximize cattle production. A milking parlor was housed beneath the large barn. The smaller front barn was utilized for hay B. & J. Pratt, Wells Barns: J.T. Wells & Sons, Scottsville, NY 1886- storage on the upper level with a shop below. The original 300+ acres farm 1942 Barns Still Standing in 2004 (2004), 11. Katie Andres, “Introduction April 18, 2016,” Wells Barn History, was associated with Andrew Hollenbeck. Born in Caledonia in 1834, he was https://wellsbarnhistory.com/introduction//. a farmer noted for breeding carriage horses. “History”, Oak Knolls Manor, https://www.oakknollsmanor.com/history Historic Maps: 1852- A. Hollenbeck; 1858- W. Hollenbeck; 1872 A. Hollenbeck; Livingston County MAP, 1902- Mrs. A. Hollenbeck, “Hollenbeck Homestead.” Note, the 1902 map shows a http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/index.ht barn in the general location of the 1915 Wells Barn. Three subsequent owners in the ml#. 20th c. and three in the early 21st c. James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York (1881). Sources:”Andrew Hollenbeck,“ Biographical Review: This Volume Contains Wells Barn History, https://wellsbarnhistory.com/3956-caledonia-avon- Biographical Sketches of Livingston and Wyoming Counties, New York (Boston: road-caledonia-ny-14423/ Biographical Review Publishing Company, 1895), 282-283.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-8 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Grave of Unknown Soldier, War of 1812 Location: NY 5/ Caledonia-Avon Rd; N. side Caledonia (T), Livingston County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Undetermined Date: 1814 (grave); 1924 Type/Use: Funerary, Monument

Grave of Unknown Soldier, War of 1812. Facing northeast Information: An isolated single monument located along the northeast edge of NY Route 5 next to a corn field, between Cold Spring and Lowery roads. A mature deciduous tree and a pine tree border the monument to the west and east, respectively. Erected in 1924, the monument consists of a single engraved boulder set on a patch of maintained lawn which marks the gravesite of an unknown soldier of the War of 1812. It has the following inscription: “In Memory of a Soldier of the War of 1812 Buried Here 1814 My Brave Lad He Sleeps In His Faded Coat of blue In His Lonelyu Grave Unknown Lies the Heart That Beat So True” Facing northeast. Significance: The monument commemorates the gravesite of an “Unknown Soldier” of the War of 1812. The soldier’s name is Sources: believed to be Private John Alexander, who was murdered by a “Grave of Unknown Soldier, War of 1812” Military Images, fellow soldier Private William Comfit. This general location is https://www.livingstoncounty.us/Gallery.aspx?PID=433. believed to have been an over-night encampment site of an “Unknown Soldier of 1812,” Find A Grave, American detachment on their way from Buffalo to Sackett’s https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13526615/unknow Harbor. Alexander and Comfit were left behind the next morning. A n-soldier_of_1812. local farmer reported hearing a gunshot. A short time after, he W.P. Kremer, “Troops Furnished, War 1812-15,” One found the dead body of Private Alexander. Comfit was Hundred Great Battles of the Rebellion (Hoboken: n.p., apprehended the same day and accused of murder; he was tried 1906), 324. and hanged for the crime. A few newspaper articles have covered https://archive.org/stream/100greatbattleso00krem#page the incident, through there is no known official contemporary /324/mode/2up. record or account.

New York State played a major role in the 32-month long War of 1812 with military activity and numerous events carried out across the state. A total of 77,896 troops were supplied by New York for the war. Due to the significance of the War of 1812 in New York military history, as well as local/regional history, further research is recommended.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-9 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Residence, Italianate Location: 1027 Quarry Rd, Caledonia (T), Livingston County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: Mid-19th Type/Use: Residential / Style: Italianate Stories: 2 Agricultural Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: gable Plan: rectangular Foundation: stone Sash: 4/4 6/6 DHS Outbuildings: shed, barn

Facing east. Information: The 43.19-acre farm located on the east side of Quarry Rd, south of Cold Spring Rd, in rural central Caledonia. Landscape features include lawn, decorative metal fence, concrete walkway, woodlot, and crop land. The property is surrounded by agricultural land.

A 2-story Italianate farmhouse with a 5-bay-wide and 2-bay- deep main block with symmetrical fenestration and a rear addition (not visible form ROW). The west façade has an open full-width porch with chamfered square supports, hipped roof, brackets and stone steps. A transom and sidelights accent the central entrance. The tall 1st floor façade windows have decorative wood surrounds and a paneled bulkhead. It has a gabled wall dormer with a round arch window opening, decorative paired brackets, and two Facing northeast. interior brick chimneys. Associated outbuildings include a shed on the south side of the house and a barn to the east that is not visible from the ROW.

Significance: The residence at 1027 Quarry Rd is recommended NRHP eligible under Criterion C as a good representative example of a highly-intact mid-19th c. Italianate style farmhouse in Caledonia. It retains its integrity of location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. The property is historically associated with the McNaughton family who settled in Caledonia in the early 19th c.

Historic Maps: 1852- J.M Mc Naughton, F.P.; 1858- J.M Mc Naughton; 1872 & 1908- D. Mc Naughton; Facing northeast. Sources: Livingston County MAP, http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/index. html#. James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York (1881).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-10 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Former D.D. Christie Estate Location: 1205 Quarry Rd, Caledonia (T), Livingston County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: early-Mid-19th c. Type/Use: Residential Style: Greek Revival/ Wells Barn Stories: 1.5 Exterior siding: stone Roof: gable Plan: rectangular Foundation: stone Sash: 6/6 DHS Outbuildings: 2 barns, a shed

Facing east. Information: The 15.4-acre parcel is located the east side of Quarry Rd, north of Averill Rd, in the rural southern section of Caledonia. It was once part of a larger estate associated with D. Christie. Landscape features include lawn, wooden post and rail fence, mature deciduous trees, gravel and dirt driveway, and woods. It is surrounded by agricultural land. A stone masonry, 1.5-story farmhouse with basement. It features local coursed, cut-block limestone. The 3--bay-wide west façade has an entrance in the north bay with stone steps. Entrance doors and windows have wide stone lintels. Stone sills further accent window openings. A basement entrance in the west bay of south side reveals the thickness of the limestone masonry walls. The side-gabled roof has a shed dormer on the west slope and an Facing east. interior brick end chimney. An exterior chimney is on the north side. Two barns stand to the east of the farmhouse; they were partially obscured from view by trees at the time of the survey. The larger barn appears to be an English-type barn (ca. late 19th c.) with stone basement level, and vertical wood plank exterior; it is perpendicular to the road. The smaller barn has gabled roof, stone foundation, and wood siding. Both barns are depicted on the 1902 map. Significance: The former Christie Estate is recommended NRHP eligible under Criteria A and C. The building at 1205 Quarry Rd is a largely-intact example of an early-to-mid 19th c. farmhouse constructed of locally quarried limestone. The building displays the stone masonry building tradition found in this region of Western New York and in the Village of Caledonia to the north. The former Christie Estate is historically associated with the Christie family who Facing northeast. operated an extensive quarry ton the west bank of a small stream (Christie Creek) on one of their Quarry Rd properties. In 1852, D. Historic Maps: 1852 D. Christie; 1858- Christie Estate; 1872- Christie and H. Christie owned properties on Quarry Rd. Large D.D. Christie Estate; 1902- W. Christie quantities of limestone were quarried for the construction of locks, Sources: James Hall, Geology of New York; Comprising the aqueducts, and etc. Christie’s quarry was noted for having the Geology of the Fourth Geological District (Albany: Carroll & compact grey portion of the Corniferous limestone that formed in Cook, 1843). 146, 466. thick strata. Further research is recommended into the quarry Livingston County MAP, operations. In spite of some modifications to the house and the http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/index. reduction in land acreage, the farmhouse retains integrity of html#. location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York (1881), association. 84.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-11 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Former J.S./J.W. Wadsworth Residence Location: 761 West River Rd, Caledonia (T), Livingston County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Undetermined Date: Mid-19th c./ ca. 1910 Type/Use: residential Style: vernacular Greek Revival Stories: 2 Exterior siding: stone Roof: gable Plan: rectangular Foundation: stone Sash: 1/1 DHS replacement Outbuildings: barn, sheds, metal grain storage bins

Facing east.

Information: The 29.32-acre parcel is located on the east side of River Rd at the east terminus of Wadsworth Rd. The Genesee River is in proximity to the southeast. The former Genesee Valley Canal and GVC Railroad ROW abuts the eastern edge of the property. The property consists of the farmhouse and farm buildings, some tillable land, and woods.

A stone masonry, 1.5-story farmhouse with basement. It features local random coursed, cut-block limestone. The 3--bay-wide west façade has a central entrance with a replacement stone and concrete stoop. The first floor window and door openings feature a narrow limestone lintels and sills. The side gabled roof has two wall dormers with shed roofs and stone interior end chimneys. Farm Facing east. buildings include a gambrel roof barn (ca. 1890s), corn crib, sheds, and metal grain storage bins.

Significance: Further investigation and research is recommended for this property due to its association with the local stone masonry building tradition and for its location along the former Genesee Valley Canal and GVC Railroad/W.N.Y. R.R. ROW as well as for its historical association Wadsworth family, a prominent Genesee Valley family and landholders in the area. Note, the farmhouse and associated farm buildings were partially obscured at the time of the survey. The property is historically associated with the Wadsworth family who operated a quarry 3.5 miles southeast of the Village of Caledonia on their “Street Farm” on W. River Rd. Large quantities of limestone- Onondaga Salt Group- from the Wadsworth quarry Facing northeast. were utilized in the construction of the Genesee Valley Canal. Sources: James Hall, Geology of New York; Comprising the Historic Maps: 1852, 1858- J. S. Wadsworth; 1872 & 1902- J.W. Geology of the Fourth Geological District (Albany: Carroll & Cook, 1843), 131, 466. Wadsworth Historic maps indicate J.S. & J.W. Wadsworth also Livingston County MAP, owned a property to the south on the former canal that is identified http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/in as the “Street Farm” and two other properties to the north on River dex.html#. Rd . James H. Smith, History of Livingston County, New York (1881), 84.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-12 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Jerris Wadsworth Wedding Barn & Location: 1211 West River Rd, Caledonia (T), Livingston County Estate/ Andayhon Farm USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1858;, early 20th c. Type/Use: Residential Style: Early 20th c. revival styles Stories: 2.5 Exterior siding: stucco Roof: gable Plan: irregular Foundation: stone Sash: 1/1 DHS replacement Outbuildings: not visible from ROW

Facing east. Information: The property consists of 90 acre estate located on the east side of the road. A stream extends through the property on the north side of the house. Landscape features include well-landscaped grounds, ornamental plantings and trees, White Creek, a pond, fountains, a stone bridge, statuary, and circular driveway with formal entrances. The property is situated along the west side of the former Genesee Valley Canal and GVC Railroad/W.N.Y. R.R. ROW and the north side of the former Buffalo & New York Railroad/Erie Railroad. The location of the former Canawaugus Reservation is to the south. The estate house consists of a side-gabled main block (5-bays x 2 bays) with exterior end chimneys that is oriented W-E with main entrance on the south façade. A long 2.5 story wing is attached to the north side of the main block. The exterior is sheathed with stucco and the foundation has a rubble stone veneer- not fully visible from ROW. Fenestration is symmetrical. The south façade has a central entrance, Facing east. with a simple Greek Revival style door enframement and sidelights, and an open full-width entry porch with square supports and hipped roof with balustrade. The north block’s west façade has central paired entrances with an entry porch. The 2-bay wide north façade has a full Classical Revival colonnade with square supports, a central entrance with entry porch and balcony, open rail balustrades, and a jerkinhead. Attached to the east side of the north block is a 1.5 story gabled with an open full- width porch on the north side and a basement level with rubble stone exterior. The property has associated outbuildings and other features with are not visible from the ROW. The property’s “Wedding Barn” is a large event venue that accommodates up to 250 guests (see website). Significance: A country estate house with mixed stylistic influences that include Greek Revival and early 20th revival styles (likely architect designed). The property’s website notes that the house was built in 1858. A structure is first documented at this location on the 1872 map. Facing southeast. The 1902 map shows a structure with T-shaped plan and barn identified as “Andayhon Farm.” It is historically associated with the Wadsworth Historic Maps: 1892- Mrs. Wadsworth; 1902, Herbert Wadworth“, family, a prominent Genesee Valley family and landholders. In 1882, Andyhon Farm”. H.Wadsworth also other neighboring property to Herbert and Austin Wadsworth divided their father’s estate with Herbert the west, south and north in 1902. taking the Avon and Caledonia farms and Austin the Geneseo farms. J. Sources: Wadsworth purchased the farms after the death of Mr. & Mrs. H. Jerris Wadsworth Wedding Barn, Wadsworth. It is Recommended under NRHP Criterion A and C. Further https://www.wadsworthweddingbarn.com/#history investigation and research is recommended for this property due to its Livingston County MAP, location on the former Genesee Valley Canal/ GVC Railroad ROW and http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/inde its historic association with the Wadsworth family (see 761 W. River Rd) x.html#. who owned a quarry and several other properties on W. River Rd. “Mystery Farm No 34, Owner J. Wadsworth” The Avon Herald Further, most of the property is not visible from the ROW. News, July 19, 1956. Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-13 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Batzing Farm, est. 1915 Location: 3932 Batzing Rd, York (T), Livingston County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1915 Type/Use: Agricultural Style: Early 20th c. Neoclassical Stories: 2.5 Exterior siding: stucco Roof: Plan: F Foundation: concrete(?) Sash: 6/1, 1/1 DHS Outbuildings:

Facing south. Information: Batzing Farm is located in the northeastern portion of the York along north side of the Genesee River. It consists of three parcels; 465 acres, 40.1 acres, and 34.9 acres. The former Genesee Valley Canal and GVC Railroad/W.N.Y. R.R. ROW extended through the property. The farmhouse, a barn, smaller farm buildings and cropland are on the south side of the road while the main dairy complex is on the north side. Numerous mature trees surround the farmhouse. A Neoclassical-inspired farmhouse with full-height entry porch with Doric-type columns, side-gabled roof, stucco exterior, corner pilasters. The central entrance is set in a simple enframement with transom and sidelights. A gabled-roof porte-cochere with fluted Doric-type columns and an exterior brick chimney are on the east side. It has a rear addition; not visible from the road. The Facing south. main U-shaped dairy complex consists of attached early 20th c. barns. A modern freestall barn is on the east side of the complex. The western portion has machine and hay storage sheds and other farm buildings.

Significance: Batzing Farm is recommended under NRHP Criteria A and C. The farm has a largely-intact Neoclassical inspired farmhouse and an early 20th c. dairy farm complex. Batzing Farm, established in 1915, is a fifth generation dairy farm in operation for over 100 years. It is historically significant with the agricultural history of the York and Livingston County and for its location on the Genesee River and the former Genesee Valley Canal and GVC Railroad/W.N.Y. R.R. The McKenzie family owned land on Batzing Rd (formerly River Rd) from the mid-19th Facing northeast. c. (1852 map) through the early 20th c. (1902 map). Sources: Conrad Baker, “Farmland Protection Board Picks Kingston, Mulligan, Batzing Farms for Conservation,” Genesseesun.com, In 2018, the New York State Department of Agriculture and https://geneseesun.com/farmland-protection-board-picks-1300-acres-in- Markets selected Batzing Farm, one of six Genesee Valley kingston-mulligan-batzing-farms-for-conservation/ farms, for permanent farmland protection. Livingston County MAP, http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/index.html#. “Six Farms to Be Permanently Protected,” Genesee Valley Conservancy Historic Maps: 1872- D.&D. McKenzie; 1902- Duncan https://www.geneseevalleyconservancy.org/news/detail/six-farms-to-be- McKenzie, “McKenzie Farm.” permanently-protected

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-14 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Fraser Cemetery (Scottish Cemetery) Location: McVean Rd; in field on east side of road. York (T), Livingston County. USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Undetermined Date: early 19th c. – mid Type/Use: Cemetery-inactive Style: family cemetery 20th c. Photographs: not available

Fraser Cemetery location (red circle). Livingston County MAP (Esri 2015)

Information:

Fraser Cemetery (aka Scottish Cemetery on USGS map) is located in a woodlot on the east side of McVean Road, approximately 0.27 mi (430 m) east of the road (Lat: 77.8135 Long: -77.8135). It is sited on top of a small knoll (580’-590’ amsl) surrounded by privately-owned land (agricultural fields).

Fraser Cemetery is a family farm cemetery measures roughly 132’ by 165’. Recorded graves date from ca. 1813 through 1946. During the mid-19th c., D, Fraser and J. Fraser owned the land on the east side of McVean Road. The cemetery is first documented on the 1902 map on the land of Mrs. M. & T. Fraser.

Significance: Fraser Cemetery was not inventoried during the field survey due to lack of access. The cemetery is not visible from McVean Rd. A database for Fraser Cemetery was created in 2017; it consists of the names and locations of each grave site (available online).

Owner: Town of York

Sources: Livingston County MAP, http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/index.html#. Trevor Nellis, Database for York Cemeteries Project (2017), http://www.yorkny.org/living/Trevor_Nellis-Eagle_Scout_project- 2017.pdf.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-15 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Inverness Cemetery (Toggletown Location: 3888 Telephone Rd/ US 20, York (T), Livingston County Cemetery) USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1815 Type/Use: Cemetery- not active Style: Rural community

Facing south.

Information: Inverness Cemetery (name on USGS Map) is located on the south side of Telephone Rd/ US 20 in the northeast section of York in the former crossroads community of Toggletown at Lowery Rd. The west side of the cemetery is adjacent a residence. The surrounding area is residential and agricultural land. Mature trees are scattered in the cemetery and along its perimeter.

The cemetery is measures roughly 93’ (street frontage) by 266’. Graves are laid out in north-south rows with grave markers facing west. The older section is in the southern portion of the cemetery. Oldest grave noted dates to 1815, James Maxwell. Marker types include tombstone (straight head and head with shoulder) , tab in socket, pedestal tomb, and obelisk. The most prominent marker is Facing south-southeast the Hollenbeck monument, which is in center of the cemetery.

The cemetery appears to be maintained. Conditions of some monuments were noted as weathered, leaning, cracked, or loose.

Significance: Inverness Cemetery is historically significant as a small rural community cemetery associated with early settlers of York and Caledonia (i.e. Christie, Hawley, Haxten, Hollenbeck, Maxwell, Thompson and others). Burials range in date from ca. 1815 to ca. 1886. Inverness Cemetery contains the graves of U.S. Military veterans including a Revolutionary War Veteran Corp. Jacob Kibbey (1751-1818), a private in the war from 1775 to 1782. The cemetery retains integrity of location, setting, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Facing south-southeast. Historic Maps: 1872 and 1902.

Owner: Inverness Cemetery “Toggletown Cemtery,” FindAGrave, Sources: Liz Cornish, “Toggletown Cemetery,” 2006, https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/2197036/toggletown- http://livingston.nygenweb.net/cemeteries/toggletown_cemetery_york.htm cemetery Livingston County MAP, http://map.livingstoncounty.us/LivingstonCountyFlexPublic/index.html#.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-16 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: St. Columba Cemetery Location: Rd, Caledonia (V), Livingston County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Undetermined Date: 1896 Type/Use: cemetery- active Outbuilding: 1

Facing northeast Information: St. Columba Cemetery is located on the 8.8-acre parcel on the northeast side of State St, between Park Pl and Brown Rd, at the southern limits of the Village of Caledonia. It is surrounded by residential streets and agricultural fields (to the east). St. Columba on North St in the Village of Caledonia. It is one of two cemeteries in the village.

The-trapezoid shaped cemetery has entrances in each of corner, which is reflected in the X-shaped road system (asphalt covered). One section of road extends along State Street. Cypress trees partially line roads in the northwestern half of the cemetery. The cemetery is divided into four triangular-shaped sections. A brick chapel, built in 1949, is located in the southwest corner of the cemetery. St. Columba Cemetery is over 1,460 graves. It is well Racing north-northeast. maintained.

Significance: Established in 1896, St. Columba Cemetery is an example of a village church/parish cemetery. The cemetery is historically associated with St. Columba Church and the Irish who settled in the Genesee Valley region during the early-mid 19th c . Mass was first held in the area in 1841 on an irregular basis in the homes of Catholics in the Scottsville-Mumford-Caledonia District. The parish formed as “St. Columbkill” in 1858; renamed in 1913. In 1880, Father Thomas J. Rositer, pastor of the Scottsville parish, bought land for a Caledonia church. A church was erected five years later.

Historic Maps: On 1902. Owner: St. Columba Parish Facing northeast. Sources: “Caledonia parish is close with its neighbors,” Catholic Courier, November 22, 2010, https://catholiccourier.com/articles/caledonia- parish-is-close-with-its-neighbors. “Saint Columba Cemetery,” Find A Grave, https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/65948/saint-columba-cemetery “St. Columba,” Rochester Churches, http://dorchurches.com/stcolumba.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-17 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Fishell-VanWagenen House-Tuety Location: 512 Fishell Rd, Rush (T), Monroe County Residence USN: 5516.000002 S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1838 Type/Use: Residential Style: Federal Stories: 2 Exterior siding: cobblestone Roof: gable Plan: Rectangular with rear addition Foundation: cobblestone Sash: 1/1 DHS replacement Outbuildings: barn (ca. 1910, machine shed (ca. 1930), shed

Facing northeast.

Information: The 5.03-acre property is located in the western section of Rush, between I-390 and W. Henrietta Rd/NY 15. It spans both sides of the road with the residence and outbuildings on the north side of the road. Honeoye Creek runs through the southern portion of the property. Landscape features include lawn, driveway/ farm road, mature trees, post and rail fence, wood lot, and agricultural field. A Federal Style cobblestone building. The 2-story main block with attic (5-bays x 2 bays) has cut stone quoins, symmetrical fenestration, and a side-gabled roof with cornice returns (Greek Revival) and interior end chimneys (rubble stone and stone blocks). Five rows of cobblestone fieldstones per quoin on the façade, four rows per quoin on the gable ends, and convex “V” marks horizontal joint. The south façade is distinguished by an intact Federal Style central entrance with elliptical fanlight with sunburst tracery, pilasters, sidelights, 8-paneled door, segmental keystone lintel (limestone), and a cobblestone and limestone Facing north. stoop. Window openings feature limestone lintels and sills. An exterior stone chimney is on the west side. East side has an enclosed glass sunporch. It has a lesser, gabled-roof addition with an attached garage. Significance: The Fishell House is an example of a Federal Style cobblestone building that contributes to the Cobblestone Architecture of New York State during the period spanning 1825-1865 (Todd 1992 [NRHP criterion C]). It is one of six cobblestone buildings in Rush. Between 1,000-2,000 cobblestone buildings are believed to have been constructed in North America with 90% of which located within a 75-mile radius of Rochester. Cobblestone masonry construction in the U.S. originated in NYS, spreading west to OH, IL, MI, WI and into Canada; a few were built in VT. There are reportedly 106 cobblestone buildings in Monroe county, the second highest number of NY counties following Wayne County (170). Though the Fishell House has been modified over the years, the building remains an excellent example of New York State’s Facing northwest. distinctive cobblestone architecture. Historic Maps: 1852, 1858 & 1872- John Fishell (1808-1871); 1902- Celinda A. Burgett, “Fishell Farm”; 1924- W.H. Warick. R. and S. Freeman, Cobblestone Quest; Road Tours of New Sources: Richard Palmer, “Cobblestone Buildings in Monroe County,” York’s Historic Buildings (2005), 84. March 8, 2018, http://cobblestonestructures.blogspot.com/2018/03 Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, /cobblestone-buildings-in-monroe-county.html. https://www.monroecounty.gov Cobblestone Masonry, Cobblestone Museum, Nancy Todd, Cobblestone Architecture of New York State http://www.cobblestonemuseum.org/cobblestone-masonry/. National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property “John Fishell,” Find A Grave, Documentation Form (1992). https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16975314/john-fishell

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-18 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Livonia, Avon & Lakeville Railroad (Erie RR) Location: Honoeye Creek, Golah Rd; N. side, Rush (T), Honeoye Creek Bridge (Bridge No. 370.58) Monroe County - 42°58'15.5"N 77°42'58.3"W USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Undetermined Date: early 20th c. Type/Use: Railroad bridge - active Style: metal through girder, fixed bridge

Facing north. Information: The Livonia, Avon & Lakeville (LAL) Railroad bridge spans Honoeye Creek on the east side of the Genesee River in the Town of Rush. It is located at the west end of Golah Rd, the site of the former Golah Station and railroad crossing of the Erie RR and New York Central RR (Genesee Valley Junction). The LAL crosses the Lehigh Valley RR to the north. National Grid’s Golah Substation is on the east side of the bridge.

Livonia, Avon & Lakeville Railroad, aka Erie Railroad, Bridge Number 370.58 is a single span, metal through girder, fixed bridge supported by stone abutments. It has riveted girders. In ca. 2007, the bridge abutments with were reinforced for increased traffic generated by the Barilla manufacturing plant in Avon.

Significance: The Livonia, Avon & Lakeville Railroad Bridge is located on the company’s 27-mile line that operates in Monroe and Facing north. Livingston counties, from Lakeville to Henrietta and Genesee Junction in Chili. In ca. 1853, Buffalo Corning & New York Railroad, built the original line and ultimately became part of the Erie Railroad. The LAL was incorporated on May 7, 1964 as a freight line. LAL Honeoye Creek Bridge (Bridge No. 370.58) is not recommended as an individual NRHP-eligible resource. Further research and investigation of the LAL Railroad corridor is recommended for its historic context and identification of any extant railroad-related resources.

Historic Maps: 1924 – map shows the Livingston Niagara Power Co. Transmission Line and Substation on the east side of the LAL. The southern edge of the State Agricultural & Industrial School at Industry tract bordered the bridge/ north side of creek. Facing northwest Sources: HistoricBridges.org, “Erie Railroad Honeoye Creek Bridge, https://historicbridges.org/bridges/browser/?bridgebrowser=newyork/ho Les Wilson, “Livonia, Avon & Lakeville (LAL) Railroad,” Greater neoyecreek/. - See website for additional photographs. Rochester Shortline Railroads, http://www.rochester- Livonia, Avon & Lakeville Railroad Corporation, http://www.lalrr.com/about railfan.net/lal.htm.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-19 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Woods-Bender House (George Residence) Location: 42 Rush West Rush Rd, West Rush (h), Rush, Monroe County USN: 5516.000004 S/NRHP Status: Undetermined 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible (local/regional level) Date: ca. 1826; c. 1960s Type/Use: Residence Style: Federal Stories: 1-2 Exterior siding: cobblestone Roof: gable Plan: rectangular Foundation: cobblestone Sash: 1/1 DHS replacement Outbuildings: attached house

Facing north. Information: The 0.59-acre parcel is on north side of Rush W. Rd in the hamlet of West Rush. It is surrounded by residences and woods. Honeoye Creek is to the north. Landscape features include lawn, plantings, and walkway. It was originally built into the side of a hill.

An early period example of a Federal style cobblestone building. This small 1-story building (3 x 1 bays) with basement has a central entrance, limestone quoins and a side gabled roof. It has large, rough field cobblestones with three rows per quoin. Door and window openings have soldier course lintels of small rough-cut limestones blocks set on edge (flat arch voissoirs). Window openings have narrow stone sills. The original stone front stoop and entrance door have been removed. A single basement window is on the south façade. An entrance door and single window are on the west side. No visible window openings on the east side. A split level type house is attached to the west side of the Facing northwest. cobblestone building. Significance: Built in ca. 1825, the Woods-Bender House is recommended as contributing to the Cobblestone Architecture of New York State during the period spanning 1825-1865 (Todd 1992 [NRHP criterion C at local/regional level]). As an example of the Early Period of cobblestone construction, the quality of masonry work is less refined as evidenced by the use of larger field cobblestones and unfinished quoins. It is one of six cobblestone buildings in Rush. Between 1,000-2,000 cobblestone buildings are believed to have been constructed in North America with 90% of which located within a 75-mile radius of Rochester. There are reportedly 106 cobblestone buildings in Monroe county, the second highest number of NY counties following Wayne County (170). Though the Woods-Bender Fishell House has been modified over the years, the building remains a good representative example of the cobblestone construction in the region. Facing northeast.

Historic Maps: Note, a structure is documented in the general location Cobblestone Masonry, Cobblestone Museum, of the cobblestone building; on the west side of the former Methodist http://www.cobblestonemuseum.org/cobblestone-masonry/. Church. It is first documented as a stone building on the 1924 West R. and S. Freeman, Cobblestone Quest; Road Tours of New Rush inset map. 1872- G. Woods (also owned Blacksmith Shop to east); York’s Historic Buildings (2005), 84. 1902- Thomas Backus; Thomas Backus, stone and frame dwelling. Also Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, identified as the Winans House (Freeman 2005). https://www.monroecounty.gov Nancy Todd, Cobblestone Architecture of New York State National Sources: Richard Palmer, “Cobblestone Buildings in Monroe County,” Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation March 8, 2018, http://cobblestonestructures.blogspot.com/2018/03 Form (1992). /cobblestone-buildings-in-monroe-county.html.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-20 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Property Name: Bushman (Green) House, cobblestone, ca. Location: 791 Rush Henrietta Town Line Rd, Rush (T), Monroe County 1846 USN: 5516.000058 S/NRHP Status: Undetermined 2019 Survey Evaluation: Undetermined Date: ca. early 1830s Type/Use: Agricultural Style: Federal Stories: 2 Exterior siding: cobblestone Roof: gable Plan: rectangular main block Foundation: cobblestone Sash: 1/1 DHS replacement Outbuildings: barn, ca. mid-late 19th c.

Facing south Facing southeast Information: Located on a 72.61 acres on the south side of the Town Line Rd in northwest Rush. The residence has a deep setback on the south side of the 72.61 acres. The surrounding area is residential and agricultural land. Landscape features include lawn, long gravel and dirt driveway, mature trees along driveway, bushes, plantings, and agricultural field. Note; house partially obscured at time of the field survey.

A Federal Style cobblestone building (Middle Period). The 2-story main block(5-bays x 2 bays) has cut stone quoins, symmetrical fenestration, and a side-gabled roof and a brick interior end chimney on west ridge (east chimney removed). Four rows of cobblestone fieldstones per quoin on the façade, four rows per quoin on the gable ends, and convex “V” marks horizontal joint. The north façade has a central entrance with mulit-light transom and paneled door set in a simple wooden surround. Facing southeast. Door and window openings have soldier course lintels of small rough-cut limestones blocks set on edge (flat arch voissoirs). Window openings have narrow stone sills. A wood frame 1-story gabled wing (≥ 100 years) is attached to the west side of the main back. In 2014, the original west wing was modified with the addition of an attached 2-car garage. The rear addition is not visible from the ROW. Significance: Though the Bushman (Green) House has been modified, the main cobblestone block likely still contributes to the Cobblestone Architecture of New York State during the period spanning 1825-1865 (Todd 1992 [NRHP criterion C at local/regional level. It is one of six cobblestone buildings in Rush. The house is historically associated with Andrew Bushman, who settled in west part of Henrietta in 1811. Reported dates of construction: 1976 form, early 1830s; Freeman, ca. 1846.. Further investigation and research is recommended. From 1976 Building Inventory Form.

Historic Maps: 1852, 1858- A. Bushman; 1872- M. Gaffney; 1902 Ann

Gaffney; 1924- M.D. Gaffney. In 1976, the property remained in the

Gaffney family. Nancy Todd, Cobblestone Architecture of New York State National

Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Sources: Cobblestone Museum, Form (1992). http://www.cobblestonemuseum.org/cobblestone-masonry/. NYS OPRHP Building-Structure Inventory Form (1976) Green House, NY OPRHP Building Structure Inventory Form (1976) R. and S. Freeman, Cobblestone Quest; Road Tours of New Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, York’s Historic Buildings (2005), 85. https://www.monroecounty.gov. W.H. McIntosh. History of Monroe County, New York (1877).

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-21 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Property Name: North Rush Cemetery Location: Rush Scottsville Rd/ NY 251; N. side, approx. 0.3-mi. E. of East River Rd USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1825 Type/Use: Cemetery - active Style: rural community cemetery

Facing northeast. Information: The 1.5-acre cemetery is located on the on the north side of the road at the eastern edge of the hamlet of North Rush. It is surrounded by residences, woods, and agricultural land. A ca. 1965 residence (#700) is on the north side of the cemetery. The west side of the cemetery has an entrance with steps and iron fence posts; original iron fence removed. Trees include three cypress trees and a deciduous tree. The cemetery sign has been removed.

An example of a rural community cemetery. Street frontage is approximately 365’. The west side of the cemetery has an entrance with steps and iron fence posts. An iron entry gate is located at the wagon path at the southeast corner of the cemetery The cemetery contains over 350 graves dating from ca.

1825 to present. The older section is set on a slight rise in the Facing northeast. west half of the cemetery. Monuments are laid out north-south rows. Marker types include tombstone, tab in socket, die in base, pedestal tomb, and obelisk. Materials include limestone, marble, and granite. The newer section is located in the northeast quadrant.

The cemetery is well maintained. Conditions of some monuments were noted as weathered, leaning, cracked, loose, or stained.

Significance: Established in 1825, North Rush Cemetery is example of an early-mid- 19th c. cemetery rural community cemetery that is associated earliest settlers of North Rush, Rush, and Henrietta. It contains the graves of veterans and soldiers of the Revolutionary War (E. Perry), War of 1812 (E. Sibley), and Facing southeast Civil War (5 graves).

Robert Stallman, “North Rush Cemetery,” Gen Web of Monroe Co., Historic Maps: 1858, 1872, 1902 & 1924. http://mcnygenealogy.com/cem/n-rush.htm. Sources: Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, https://www.monroecounty.gov. “North Rush Cemetery,” Find A Grave, https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/1983984/north-rush- cemetery.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-22 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Davis Cemetery Location: Rush West Rush Road; NEC at Henrietta Road, Rush (T), Monroe County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1816 Type/Use: Cemetery- inactive Style: Early family cemetery

Facing north.

Information: Davis Cemetery is located on an irregular shaped 0.51-acre parcel the near the northeast corner of Rush West Rush Road at Henrietta Road (adjacent to #520 Rush West Rush Rd.). It is surrounded by residential properties and woods.

Davis Cemetery is small family cemetery containing at least 21 burials dating from 1816 through 1910. Laid out on a hill, the cemetery has approximately 220’ of street frontage. Marker types include tab in socket, die in base, and pedestal tomb. Materials include marble and granite. The cemetery is well maintained and monuments are in good condition.

Significance: Davis Cemetery is a representative example of a small family cemetery associated with one of the early settlers Facing north. in the area, the Davis family who came to Rush in 1806. The earliest grave is that of Besey Hazard Davis (1777-1816). Other graves are associated with the following families: Armatage, Bovie, Cookingham, Frederick, North, and Ray.

The cemetery is first identified as “Davis Cemetery” on the 1924 map.

Historic Maps: 1858; 1872; 1902; 1924.

Sources: “Davis Cemetery,” Find A Grave, https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/2174098/davis- cemetery. Halsey, Richard T, “Davis Cemetery,” Gen Web of Monroe Co, Facing southeast. http://mcnygenealogy.com/cem/davis.htm. Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, https://www.monroecounty.gov.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-23 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Bungalow (ca. 1903) & gambrel barn Location: 25 Stull Rd, Rush (T), Monroe County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Date: ca. 1903 Type/Use: Agricultural Style: Greek Revival/ Wells Barn Stories: 1.5 Exterior siding: stucco Roof: gabled Plan: rectangular Foundation: n/a Sash: 1/1 DHS replacement Outbuildings: Gambrel roof barn, ca. 1903

Facing west.

Information: The house and barn at 25 Stull Rd are located along the east side of the railroad line.

A frame and stucco, 1.5-story, front-gabled bungalow-type residence with basement. The main entrance, an enclosed entrance bay, is on the north side. Details include brackets and a shed dormer. It has a 1-story rear wing with entrance on the east side (partially obscured). The west side of the house is obscured by trees. A gambrel roof barn with concrete ground floor and frame upper level with wood shingles is on the east side of the house. The east side of the barn has four small windows and a full-height hay door bay. A wooden sliding bay door and a single entry door is on the north barn side.

Significance: The property at 25 Skull Road is historically associated with the hamlet and estates that developed around the Meadow Wood Station (demolished) on the Erie Railroad (early 20th century transportation and residential development). In 1924, Herbert Stull owned 206-acres of land that included the station, Meadow Wood Estates, and the bungalow at 25 Stull Rd. Built in ca. 1903, the bungalow is historically associated with the Erie Railroad and the Meadow Station and neighboring Meadow Wood Estates. No. 25 Stull is possibly contributing to Meadow Wood Estates Historic District (USN 05516000075); designed by prominent Rochester architect Claude Bragdon. The Stull family were one of the early settlers of Rush, Jacob Stull and his family arrived in 1801 from Frederick, MD. Further investigation and research is recommended to identity historic context and relationship with Meadow Wood Estates. Note, building does not appear to meet individual Facing southeast. NRHP eligibility. Sources: Historic Maps: 1872- J.A. Stull, landowner; 1902- Herbert “Meadowwood Estates,” NYS OPRHP Resource Evaluation (2010). Stull landowner (275 acres), Erie RR on property- no station Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, https://www.monroecounty.gov. at Meadow Wood; 1924- Herbert Stull landowner. W.H. McIntosh, History of Monroe County, New York (1877), 255.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-24 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Shadbolt House (and Henry Cox House) Location: 337 Quaker Rd, Wheatland (near Scottsville), Monroe Cty USN: 5519.000011 S/NRHP Status: Undetermined 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1830-1845. Type/Use: Residential/ agricultural Style: Greek Revival Stories: 2 Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: gable Plan: gable front and wing Foundation: cobblestone Sash: 6/6 DHS Outbuildings: 2 barn complexes (ca. late 19th c. through 1976)

Shadbolt House in 2019 and 1976. Information: The large family farm located in southeast quadrant of Wheatfield, south of the Village of Scottsville. A 110.3-acre farm (parcel 200.03-1-18.111) consists of 3 residences, 2 barn complexes, and agricultural land on both sides of Quaker Rd; current parcel address #337 Quaker Rd. Shadbolt House (#337) is on the southwest corner of Quaker. On the northwest corner/River Rd are two residences: 1) Henry Cox House, Greek Revival house (#337A current study [# 4041 River Rd on house; #4641 on mailbox]); 2) ca. 1959, Cape Cod-type house (#337B current study [#4627 on mailbox]). Shadbolt House (#337) is a 2-story frame, 3-bay gable front and wing Greek Revival style farmhouse. Owner provided year built date of ca. 1830. Gable front details include: Greek Revival door enframement in west bay with transom, sidelights, and pilasters; stone stoop; closed gable front, wide unadorned frieze; and corner pilasters. The 1.5 west wing has a full-width porch with square supports, flush board siding, off-center entrance in simple wood enframement, frieze windows, and brick chimney on west roof Shadbolt House Facing south. ridge. The dairy barn complex is on the east and south sides of the house; 3 gabled roof barns, shed, concrete tile silo, post and rail fence enclosed pasture. Henry Cox House (#337A) is a 1.5 story Greek Revival house consists of a gable front block with a flanking wings (2 x 1 bays), cornice returns, an integrated 3-bay central porch with square columns and pilasters. Main entrance in the south bay. It has a cobblestone foundation with quoins. Owner provided year built date of ca. 1840. Large barn complex to west: U- shaped with bank barn c., 2 gambrel roof barns, 2 concrete tile silos, and post and rail fence enclosed pasture. Significance: The farm at 337 Quaker Rd is historically associated with the early development and agricultural history of Wheatland. Shadbolt House and Henry Cox House are largely-intact examples of early-to-mid-19tch century Greek Revival farmhouses. The associated farmland has been continuously cultivated since ca. 1830. The farmhouses, farm buildings, and crop land collectively retains integrity of location, setting, design, Greek Revival Style house (#337B Quaker [4041 River Rd on materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Recommended under house; #4641 on mailbox; # 4632 in 2003 study], facing NRHP Criteria A and C. southwest.

Historic Maps: Shadbolt House: 1852, 1858 Samuel Shadbolt; 1872- T. Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, Shadbolt; 1902- Clara S. Ellis; 1924- Theodore D. Krenzer. https://www.monroecounty.gov. H. Cox House: 1852, 1858 & 1872 – Henry Cox; 1902- Pat Rossiter Est.; Shadbolt House, NYS OPRHP Building-Structure Inventory 1924- Theodore D. Krenzer Form (1976)

Sources: Historic Preservation Report Wheatland/Scottsville/Mumford, Monroe County Phase I: Reconnaissance Level Survey (2003) 87, 90. Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-25 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Cobblestone Quaker Meeting House Location: 409 Quaker Rd, Wheatland (near Scottsville), Monroe Cty USN: 5519.000018 S/NRHP Status: Undetermined 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: 1834 Type/Use: Residential Style: Greek Revival/ Wells Barn Stories: 1 Exterior siding: cobblestone Roof: gable Plan: rectangular Foundation: cobblestone Sash: 12/12 DHS Outbuildings: garage

Facing southwest. Information: Quaker Meeting House is located on a 0.5-acre parcel on the south side of Quaker Rd in the rural agricultural southeast quadrant of Wheatfield. It is surrounded by the Shadbolt House farm (337 Quaker). Landscape elements include lawn, circular gravel and dirt driveway, bushes, and row of trees on the east and west sides. An Early Period example of a Federal style cobblestone building with rectangular plan (5 bays X 2 bays). It has large, rough field cobblestones with three rows per limestone quoin. The 2-bay gable end fronts the road. Two entrance doors with paneled doors and reveals are on the east façade; originally built with separate entrances for men & women. Door and window openings have soldier course lintels of small rough-cut limestones blocks set on edge (flat arch voissoirs). Window openings retain original 12/12 DHS and limestone sills. Brick interior end chimneys. The north entrance has a concrete stoop and the south entrance has a t concrete block stoop and deck. Significance: The 1834 Quaker Meeting House is recommended Facing south NRHP eligible under Criteria A and C. It historically significant for its association with Orthodox Quaker families who settled in southeast Wheatfield in the 1820s. The Quakers established on the south side of Quaker Rd a small frame school and meeting house (1822, site east of #409), Quaker Meeting House (1834), and a cemetery. The Quaker Meeting House is architecturally significant as a highly intact example of an Early Period cobblestone building that contributes to the Cobblestone Architecture of New York State during the period spanning 1825-1865 (Todd 1992l). It is one of nine remaining in Wheatland. Between 1,000-2,000 cobblestone buildings are believed to have been constructed in North America with 90% of which located within a 75-mile radius of Rochester. There are reportedly 106 cobblestone buildings in Monroe County, the second highest number of NY counties following Wayne County (170). Served as a Quaker Meeting House from 1834 to 1854; used for religious services by Facing southeast. Hiksites, 1854-1873; private residence, 1873-1937; Genesee Grange meeting hall, 1937-1960; and private residence, 1960 to present. Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, https://www.monroecounty.gov. Historic Maps:1852, 1858- Orthodox Friends Meeting Hse; 1872- Nancy Todd, Cobblestone Architecture of New York State National Quaker Church ; 1902-Clara S. Ellis(?); 1924- A. Williams. Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form Sources: Cobblestone Museum, (1992). http://www.cobblestonemuseum.org/cobblestone-masonry/. Quaker Meeting House, NYS OPRHP Building-Structure Inventory “Erected 1834,” NYSED Historic Marker (1938) Form (1976) Historic Preservation Report Wheatland/Scottsville/Mumford, Monroe R. and S. Freeman, Cobblestone Quest; Road Tours of New York’s County Phase I: Reconnaissance Level Survey (2003) 87. Historic Buildings (2005), 84.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-26 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Killion Martin House, Greek Revival, ca. Location: : 409 Quaker Rd, Wheatland (near Scottsville), 1855 Monroe Cty USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1855 Type/Use: Residential Style: Greek Revival Stories: 2.5 Agricultural Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: gable Plan: side-gabled block and wing Foundation: cobblestone Sash: 6/6 DHS Outbuildings: barn/ garage, cobblestone smokeshouse

Facing southeast. Information: Located on a 5-acre parcel on the east side of Quaker road in rural agricultural southeast Wheatland. Landscape features include lawn, circular gravel and dirt driveway, plantings, bushes, and woods. It is surrounded by agricultural fields and a few residences.

A 2.5 story, frame, vernacular Greek Revival residence. It consists of a side gabled, rectangular block (5 bays x 2 bays) and a 3-bay wide, 1.5-story wing on the east side. It has a cobblestone foundation,. The main block features symmetrical fenestration, central entrance set in wood enframement with heavy entablature, sidelights, paneled door, wide cornice, corner pilasters, and cornice retours. The 2-bay recessed Facing south (Image: Monroe County Real Property n.d.) porch on wing has a square column and central entrance. A ca. mid-19th century gabled roof barn with stone foundation is to the east of the house. The original barn was expanded into a larger barn in early 20th c. with gable roof, sliding doors and novelty siding. It has an attached 2-bay garage on the west side. A cobblestone smokehouse is also associated with the property; not visible from ROW.

Significance: The Killion Martin House is a good representative example of a highly intact Greek Revival farmhouse. Killion Martin was a farmer. Though no longer an active farm, the property contributes to the agricultural setting associated with the farms that were established on Quaker Rd and southeastern Wheatland during the early-to-mid 19th c. Recommended under NRHP Criterion C. Facing south.

Historic Maps: Sources: 1852, 1858, 1872- Killion Martin; 1902- Killian Martin Estate, Historic Preservation Report Wheatland/Scottsville/Mumford, 114-acres; 1924 Eliz. Estes et. al. Monroe County Phase I: Reconnaissance Level Survey (2003) 87. Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, https://www.monroecounty.gov.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-27 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Shelter Elms Farms, Italianate farmhouse Location: 4867 River Rd, Wheatland (T), Monroe county USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1837; ca. 1870s-80s Type/Use: Agricultural Style: Italianate Stories: 2.5 Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: deck on hip/ gable Plan: L-shape Foundation: stone Sash: 2/2, 6/6 DHS; 1/1- Outbuildings: Wells Barn, gable roof barn, gambrel roof barn, silo, replacement sheds. Built ca. 1900-1950.

Facing west. Information: Located on a 17.9-acre parcel on the west side of River Rd in rural agricultural southeast Wheatland. Landscape features include lawn, circular gravel and dirt driveway, plantings, bushes, trees, agricultural field with trees along perimeter, and wind break. It is surrounded by agricultural fields and a few residences. A 2.5 story, frame vernacular Italianate residence. The 4-bay-wide main block has a deck on hip roof, wall dormer on the east façade, partial Italianate style entry porch with square posts and brackets, full-height windows on 1st floor; round arch paneled wood door, simple door enframement, 1- and 2-story polygonal bays. The 1.5 story south wing has open porch with chamfered square posts and brackets, off-center entrance with simple door enframement and enclosed bay with entrance on the south end. A barn complex is to the west of the house. It includes a possible ca. 1900 Wells Barn (gambrel roof w/ paired window with “lazy W” molding), a concrete tile silo, a concrete shed, and frame shed. A gambrel barn between the barn complex and house. A detached house barn/garage and Facing west (Image: Monroe County Real Property n.d.). a shed are on the north side of house. Significance: The farmhouse at 4867 River Road is a good representative example of a vernacular ca. 1834 farmhouse that was expanded into a larger Italianate style house. The property contributes to the agricultural setting associated with the farms that were established along the Genesee River on River Rd and southeastern Wheatland during the early-to-mid 19th c. Recommended under NRHP Criterion C. Further, the large gambrel roof barn appears to be a Wells Barn, which is not identified on the Wells Barn History website. Historic Maps: 1852 – John Hazard; 1858- N. Warren; 1872 & 1887- S. Budlong; 1902 & 1924- Lawrence Weisner (Wisner; 122-acres)

Sources: Francis M. Stern, Preservation League of NYS, “Seven to Save: 2018-19 Edition,” https://www.preservenys.org/blog/seven-to-save-2018- 19-edition?rq=seven%20to%20save. Historic Preservation Report Wheatland/Scottsville/Mumford, Monroe Wells Barn, facing west. County Phase I: Reconnaissance Level Survey (2003) 90. Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, https://www.monroecounty.gov. Wells Barn History, https://wellsbarnhistory.com/introduction/.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-28 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Warren House Location: 4927 River Rd, Wheatland (T), Monroe county USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: ca. 1840 Type/Use: Residential Style: Greek Revival Stories: 1.5-2.5 Exterior siding: Roof: gable Plan: T-shape clapboard Foundation: cobblestone, Sash: 6/6 DHS Outbuildings: detached garage (1976), pole barn (2014) stone

Facing southwest. Information: Located on a 5.02-acre parcel on the west side of River Rd in rural agricultural southeast Wheatland that was originally part of a larger 216-acre farm that bordered the Genesee River. Landscape features include lawn, circular gravel and dirt driveway, plantings, bushes, shade trees along road, and woods is surrounded by agricultural fields.

A frame, 2.5-story, Greek Revival farmhouse with a main, front- gabled, 3- bay-wide block and 1.5 story flanking wing. Details include: a Classical-inspired colonnaded tiered porch porches (Doric-type square columns, paneled); full entablature and traditional classical pediment; 1st floor entrance with transom, sidelights and pilasters set in north bay; 2nd floor openings with simple entablature and pilasters. The 2-bay-wide flanking wings Facing west. have cobblestone foundations and frieze windows. Outbuildings a steel windmill tower, and a cobblestone foundation are north side of house.

Significance: The Warren House is a highly -intact example of a ca. 1840 Greek Revival farmhouse. The property contributes to the agricultural setting associated with the farms that were established along the Genesee River on River Rd and southeastern Wheatland during the early-to-mid 19th c. It is historically associated with the Warren Family. Benjamin was the son of Newman Warren, who had acquired the property in the early 1800s and operated a ferry. The Warren Cemetery is just south of house on the east side of the road. Recommended under NRHP Criterion C. Facing west.

Historic Maps: 1852, 1858- Benjamin Warren; 1872 & 1887- N. W.H. McIntosh, History of Monroe County, New York Warren; 1902- A.E. BV. & F.L. Munsion (218 acres); 1924- Farrell Bros. (1877), 189. Sources: Historic Preservation Report Wheatland/Scottsville/Mumford, Monroe County Phase I: Reconnaissance Level Survey (2003), 90. Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, https://www.monroecounty.gov.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-29 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Warren Cemetery (aka Canawaugus) Location: River Rd; E side, between Nos. 4297 & 5015, Wheatland (T), Monroe County; 42.9972222, Longitude -77.7430556

USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: Mid-19th c./ ca. 1910 Type/Use: cemetery – Style: Early family cemetery inactive

Facing east. Information: Warren Cemetery, also known as Canawaugus Cemetery, is sited on a 0.25-acre parcel on the east side of River Rd, just south of the Warren Residence at No. 4927. The former Genesee Valley Cana/ Railroad ROW and Genesee River are to the east. An agricultural field surrounds the cemetery.

Warren Cemetery is a small family cemetery containing approximately 42 burials ranging in date from 1816 through 1886. It is enclosed by a metal chain-link fence. Graves are laid out in north-south rows with grave markers facing west. Marker types include tombstone (straight head), tab in socket, pedestal tomb, and obelisk. It has one enclosure. Marker materials are limestone and marble. Landscaping is limited to a single pine tree in the Warren plot, facing east. northwest corner of the cemetery. The cemetery appears to be maintained. Conditions of some monuments were noted as weathered, leaning, cracked, loose, or repaired.

Significance: Warren Cemetery is an example of a small family cemetery that is associated one of the pioneer families of Wheatland. Other family names associated with the cemetery include Baker, Hicks, Lowry, Peabody, Smith, Stokoe, Usher Van Antwerer, Vanderstrot, and Voorhus. Warren Cemetery is historically significant for its association with New York State military history. Four War of 1812 soldiers are buried in the cemetery; Benjamin Warren, William Peabody, Aaron C.

Usher and Daniel Van Antwerp. Each of the men served in Capt. Facing southeast. Levi Lacy's Company. Warren and Usher were also assigned to Col. Jedediah Crosby's Regiment during the war. Though some of the grave markers have been lost or removed, the cemetery retains sufficient integrity of location, setting, design, materials, Halsey, Richard T., “Warren Cemetery,” Gen Web of workmanship, feeling, and association. Monroe Co, http://mcnygenealogy.com/cem/warren.htm. Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, Historic Maps: 1887; 1902 & 1924-“Warren Cem.” https://www.monroecounty.gov. Sources: “Veteran Burial Records Wheatland NY,” GenWe of Monroe “Canawaugus Cemtery,” Find A Grave, Co., http://mcnygenealogy.com/cem/vets-wheatland.htm. https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/1062375/canawaugus- cemetery. Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-30 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Property Name: Martin House Location: 5110 River Rd, Wheatland (T), Monroe County USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Eligible Date: Mid-19th c./ ca. 1910 Type/Use: Agricultural Style: Greek Revival/ Wells Barn Stories: 2.5 Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: gable Plan: rectangular Foundation: cobblestone Sash: 6/6 DHS Outbuildings: barn , shed

Facing east.

Information: Located on a 3.35-acre parcel on the east side of River Rd in southeast Wheatland. The former Genesee Valley Cana/ Railroad ROW and Genesee River are to the east of the property. The original 123-acre farm originally extended east to the river. It is surrounded by agricultural land and residences. Landscape features include lawn, gravel and dirt driveway, plantings, and woods.

A frame, 2.5-story vernacular residence with rectangular main block with rear addition, cobblestone veneer foundation, gabled roof, and symmetrical fenestration. The five-bay-wide east façade has a 3-bay-wide front gable with parried arched windows , a central entrance with Greek Revival style enframement with heavy entablature, sidelights and pilasters. A partial, Italianate Facing northeast. style porch is on the north side. An interior chimney is on the north ridge. Outbuildings include a small gambrel roof and shed.

Significance: The Martin House is an example of a largely- intact, vernacular mid-19th c. farmhouse with mixed stylistic elements of the Greek Revival and Italianate styles. The property contributes to the agricultural setting associated with the farms that were established along the Genesee River on River Rd and southeastern Wheatland during the early-to-mid 19th c Recommended under NRHP Criterion C. The farm was originally established on the west bank of the Genesee River. Two farmhouses were once located on the farm (1852-1924 maps).

Historic Maps: 1852- Calvin Martin (?) 1858- C. Miller; 1872 & 1887- J. Martin; 1902- James C. Martin Home Acres (123 acres); Facing northeast. 1924 James Martin.

Sources: Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, Historic Preservation Report Wheatland/ Scottsville/Mumford, https://www.monroecounty.gov.

Monroe County Phase I: Reconnaissance Level Survey (2003), 91.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-31 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Property Name: Cox Cemetery Location: 5170 River Road; east side at South Rd, Wheatland (T), Monroe County. USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Undetermined Date: ca. 1886 Type/Use: Cemetery - Style: Early family cemetery abandoned

Facing southeast. Information: Located in wooded area on the east side of River Rd. opposite South Rd, in southeast Wheatland near the Monroe-Livingston county line. The former Genesee Valley Cana/ Railroad ROW and Genesee River are to the east of the property. It is surrounded by and residences and agricultural land.

Cox Cemetery is an abandoned cemetery located on the northwest corner of a privately-owned 2.03-acre residential parcel. The roughly 1-acre site is overgrown with mature trees and second growth trees, shrubs, and vegetation. No grave markers were noted during the field survey. A section of a remnant cobblestone wall stands along the north property line; it is approximately 3-ft high and 40-ft long.

Facing south Eleven interments have been previously recorded with dates ranging from ca. 1836 through ca. 1905. Cox Cemetery is associated with the Cox, Bristol, Harris, McPherson, and Pierce families. The Cox family was one Sources: of the early pioneer settlers of Wheatland. Cemetery “Cox Cemetery,” Find a Grave, records reportedly do not exist. A list of inscriptions was https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/2152725/cox-cemetery- published in a column by Anah Yates in the "Rochester (defunct) Post-Express in 1911. Halsey, Richard T, “Records of Burials in the Cox Cemetery,” Gen Significance: Further investigation and research is Web of Monroe Co, http://mcnygenealogy.com/cem/cox.htm recommended. Historic Preservation Report Wheatland/ Scottsville/Mumford, Historic Maps: 1872, 1887, 1924, Monroe County Phase I: Reconnaissance Level Survey (2003), 91.

Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal, https://www.monroecounty.gov.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-32 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey Property Name: Harrison Cox-Donoghue Residence Location: Wheatland (T), Monroe County. USN: n/a S/NRHP Status: n/a 2019 Survey Evaluation: Undetermined Date: ca. 1841-1842 Type/Use: Residential Style: Greek Revival Stories: 1.5 Exterior siding: clapboard Roof: gable Plan: rectangular Foundation: cobblestone Sash: 6/6 DHS Outbuildings: barn complex, barns

Facing north. Information: Located on a 17.31-acre parcel on the north side of the road in southeast Wheatland. It has 54' frontage on South Rd. Landscape features include lawn, dirt and gravel driveway, plantings, trees, and agricultural field. Residences and agricultural land surrounds the property.

A frame, 1.5-story, Greek Revival farmhouse with a 3-bay-wide front-gable block and a 1-story, rear/north wing. The south façade has a triangular pediment, wide cornice, integrated full- width porch with square columns, flush board siding, and a central entrance with simple door enframement. Frieze windows are on east and west sides. It has a rear porch/east elevation with square columns. A small 1-story wing is attached to the northwest corner of the house – possibly under construction. Farm buildings include: a ca. 1880 barn complex; ca. 1900s ca.; and 1930 barn and milk house.

Significance: The building was partially obscured by trees and Facing north (Image: Monroe County Real Property n.d.) vegetation at the time of the survey. It is an atypical example of a small-scale, Greek Revival residence for this region. Further investigation and research is recommended.

Historic Maps: 1852- Harrison Cox; 1858 & 1872- J. Cox 1902- John Cox Estate; 1944- James Coates Estate( 98 acres)

Sources: Historic Preservation Report Wheatland/ Scottsville/Mumford, Monroe County Phase I: Reconnaissance Level Survey (2003), 96. Monroe County GIS and Real Property Portal,

https://www.monroecounty.gov.

Panamerican Consultants, Inc. B-33 Horseshoe Solar Two-mile Visual APE Survey

Appendix C. Wells Barns Wells Barns

From 1886 to 1942, John Talcott Wells, Sr., and his sons constructed over 200 barns throughout Western New York. Wells Barns were built with a unique truss system that was patented in 1889. Today, there are reportedly less than 50 documented Wells Barns remaining which are clustered in southern Monroe County and Livingston County. Wells Barns were designated as one of the Preservation League of NYS’s “Seven to Save” in 2018-2019. An inventory of the extant barns of J.T. Wells & Sons in Livingston and Monroe counties was presented in a self-published book in 2004 (Pratt & Pratt 2004). The authors documented each extant Wells Barn and compiled information from owners of Wells Barns at that time and from personal collections. Local and regional interest in Wells Barns and their preservation has continued over the years. A website dedicated to Wells Barns offers updated information and supplements earlier documentation efforts (Andres 2016).

Nine Wells Barns have been previously identified in the study area, while five other Wells barns are located in close proximity to the study area (Pratt & Pratt 2004; Andres 2016). This study includes current photographs of Wells Barns in the study area and its immediate vicinity (Figure C- 1).

Figure C-1. Locations of Wells Barns in the study area (blue line) and immediate vicinity (Wells Barn History, Andres 2016).

Sources:

Andres, Katie 2016 “Wells Barn History,” accessed August 6, 2019, http://wellsbarnhistory.com/.

Avon Century Barn 2019 “Avon Century Barn,” http://www.avoncenturybarn.com/.

Cobblestone Wedding Barn n.d. “Cobblestone Wedding Barn,” http://www.cobblestoneweddingbarn.com/.

Fink, Daniel 2005 Barns of the Genesee Country, 1790-1915: Including An Account of Settlement and Changes in Agricultural Practices. James Brunne, Publisher, Geneseo, 451-465.

Harvey, Bruce. 2019 “Seven to Save Photography: Wells Barns,” accessed August 16, 2019, http://bgharvey.com/habs-haer-photography-wells-barns/.

Melville, Jean 1986 “Countryside Cathedrals” RMSC FOCUS, (Fall) n.p. p.22-26. Available online, https://wellsbarnhistory.com/preservationpioneers/

Memmott, Jim 2017 “Rochester-area trio works to preserve memory of Wells barns,”Democrat & Chronicle, April 18, accessed October 4, 2019,https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/local/columnists/memmott/2017/04/18/r ochester-area-trio-works-preserve-memory-wells-barns/100561804/.

Oak Knolls Manor 2019 “History,” Oak Knolls Manor, https://www.oakknollsmanor.com/history.

Pratt, Bob and Judy Pratt 2004 Wells Barns: J.T. Wells & Sons, Scottsville, NY 1886-1942 Barns Still Standing in 2004. Bob and Judy Pratt, n.p.

Stern, Francis M. 2018 “Seven to Save: 2018-19 Edition,” Preservation League of NYS, accessed October 4, 2019, https://www.preservenys.org/blog/seven-to-save-2018-19-edition?rq=seven%20to%20save.

Table C.1. Wells Barns in the Study Area and Immediate Vicinity (August 2019). Wells Barn, 1913

5691 North Avon Rd Avon, Livingston County

Barn located just outside of the northwest study area boundary.

Avon Century Barn, 1913.

1177 West Henrietta Rd Avon , Livingston County

Recommendation: NRHP-eligible, contributing to farm with Greek Revival house (see Annotated List; Appendix B).

Oak Knolls Wells Barn, 1915

3956 Caledonia-Avon Rd/ NY 5 Caledonia, Livingston County

Recommendation: Undetermined. Further research and investigation recommended as part of Wells Barn context (see Annotated List; Appendix B). https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/ rochester/news/2019/03/11/historic-wells- barn-gets-charming-upgrade#

Table C.1. Wells Barns in the Study Area and Immediate Vicinity (August 2019).

Cameron Homestead Wells Barn, 1896

4395 Cameron Rd Caledonia, Livingston County

Recommendation: NRHP-eligible, contributing to farm with Greek Revival house (see Annotated List; Appendix B).

Wells Barn, 1919

200 Maxwell Station Rd Caledonia, Livingston County

Barn obscured by corn field and trees. Partially visible from ROW at time of survey.

Wells Barn, 1905-1906

23 River Rd. Caledonia, Livingston County

Property in study area, but not in Visual APE. Barn converted into residence.

Table C.1. Wells Barns in the Study Area and Immediate Vicinity (August 2019).

Wells Barn, 1922-1926 Barn located at Caledonia Country Club, just outside of the northwest study area boundary. 303 Park Pl Village of Caledonia, Livingston No current photograph available. County

High Bottom Farm, Wells Barn, 1916

7445 NY 15 Rush, Monroe County

Property includes a modified farmhouse. Barn in retains high level of integrity.

Wells Barn, 1914

851 Rush-Henrietta Townline Rd, Rush, Monroe County

Barn located outside of the northeast study area boundary.

Wells Barn, 1914 Barn not visible from ROW at time of survey; obscured by house at #341, trees, & vegetation. 341 South Rd Wheatland, Monroe County No current photograph available.

Wells Barn, 1904 Barn located just outside of the northwest study area boundary. Dilapidated condition; largely obscured by vegetation at time of survey. 846 South Rd Wheatland, Monroe County No current photograph available. Table C.1. Wells Barns in the Study Area and Immediate Vicinity (August 2019).

Maple Knoll Farm, Wells Barn, 1897 946 South Rd Wheatland, Monroe County

Barn located just outside of the northwest study area boundary.

Seldon Stokoe & Sons Farm, Wells Barn

940 Bowerman Rd Wheatland, Monroe County

Property includes a modified farmhouse. Barn retains high level of integrity.

Cox-Letson Cobblestone House and Farm Wells Barns, 1896

5015 River Rd Scottsville Wheatland, Monroe County

The farm includes two Wells Barns (a hay barn and a horse barn) that are contributing to the NRHP Listed property (USN5519.000098; 02NR05010).

Shelter Elms Farms, Wells Barn (?)

Table C.1. Wells Barns in the Study Area and Immediate Vicinity (August 2019). 4867 River Rd Wheatland, Monroe County

Recommendation: NRHP-eligible, contributing to farm with Italianate farmhouse (see Annotated List; Appendix B). A possible Wells Barn with gambrel roof and paired window with “lazy W” molding that is not in the Wells Barn History inventory.

Table C.1. Wells Barns in the Study Area and Immediate Vicinity (August 2019). Wells Barn, 1913

5691 North Avon Rd Avon, Livingston County

Barn located just outside of the northwest study area boundary.

Avon Century Barn, 1913.

1177 West Henrietta Rd Avon , Livingston County

Recommendation: NRHP-eligible, contributing to farm with Greek Revival house (see Annotated List; Appendix B).

Oak Knolls Wells Barn, 1915

3956 Caledonia-Avon Rd/ NY 5 Caledonia, Livingston County

Recommendation: Undetermined. Further research and investigation recommended as part of Wells Barn context (see Annotated List; Appendix B). https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/ rochester/news/2019/03/11/historic‐wells‐ barn‐gets‐charming‐upgrade#

Table C.1. Wells Barns in the Study Area and Immediate Vicinity (August 2019).

Cameron Homestead Wells Barn, 1896

4395 Cameron Rd Caledonia, Livingston County

Recommendation: NRHP-eligible, contributing to farm with Greek Revival house (see Annotated List; Appendix B).

Wells Barn, 1919

200 Maxwell Station Rd Caledonia, Livingston County

Barn obscured by corn field and trees. Partially visible from ROW at time of survey.

Wells Barn, 1905-1906

23 River Rd. Caledonia, Livingston County

Property in study area, but not in Visual APE. Barn converted into residence.

Table C.1. Wells Barns in the Study Area and Immediate Vicinity (August 2019).

Wells Barn, 1922-1926 Barn located at Caledonia Country Club, just outside of the northwest study area boundary. 303 Park Pl Village of Caledonia, Livingston No current photograph available. County

High Bottom Farm, Wells Barn, 1916

7445 NY 15 Rush, Monroe County

Property includes a modified farmhouse. Barn in retains high level of integrity.

Wells Barn, 1914

851 Rush-Henrietta Townline Rd, Rush, Monroe County

Barn located outside of the northeast study area boundary.

Wells Barn, 1914 Barn not visible from ROW at time of survey; obscured by house at #341, trees, & vegetation. 341 South Rd Wheatland, Monroe County No current photograph available.

Wells Barn, 1904 Barn located just outside of the northwest study area boundary. Dilapidated condition; largely obscured by vegetation at time of survey. 846 South Rd Wheatland, Monroe County No current photograph available.

Table C.1. Wells Barns in the Study Area and Immediate Vicinity (August 2019).

Maple Knoll Farm, Wells Barn, 1897 946 South Rd Wheatland, Monroe County

Barn located just outside of the northwest study area boundary.

Seldon Stokoe & Sons Farm, Wells Barn

940 Bowerman Rd Wheatland, Monroe County

Property includes a modified farmhouse. Barn retains high level of integrity.

Cox-Letson Cobblestone House and Farm Wells Barns, 1896

5015 River Rd Scottsville Wheatland, Monroe County

The farm includes two Wells Barns (a hay barn and a horse barn) that are contributing to the NRHP Listed property (USN5519.000098; 02NR05010).

Table C.1. Wells Barns in the Study Area and Immediate Vicinity (August 2019).

Shelter Elms Farms, Wells Barn (?)

4867 River Rd Wheatland, Monroe County

Recommendation: NRHP-eligible, contributing to farm with Italianate farmhouse (see Annotated List; Appendix B). A possible Wells Barn with gambrel roof and paired window with “lazy W” molding that is not in the Wells Barn History inventory.