The Impact of Rochester Storm Sewers on the Water Quality of the Lower Genesee River: a Modeling Approach Using PCSWMM
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The College at Brockport: State University of New York Digital Commons @Brockport Environmental Science and Biology Theses Environmental Science and Biology Spring 2014 The mpI act of Rochester Storm Sewers on the Water Quality of the Lower Genesee River: A Modeling Approach Using PCSWMM Lindsay Dressel The College at Brockport, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/env_theses Part of the Water Resource Management Commons Recommended Citation Dressel, Lindsay, "The mpI act of Rochester Storm Sewers on the Water Quality of the Lower Genesee River: A Modeling Approach Using PCSWMM" (2014). Environmental Science and Biology Theses. Paper 89. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Environmental Science and Biology at Digital Commons @Brockport. It has been accepted for inclusion in Environmental Science and Biology Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @Brockport. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The impact of Rochester storm sewers on the water quality of the lower Genesee River: a modeling approach using PCSWMM by Lindsay Dressel A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Department on Environmental Science and Biology of the College at Brockport, State University of New York in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science May 2014 Acknowledgements I would first and foremost like to thank the United States Department of Agriculture for funding this project, and my advisor Dr. Makarewicz for allowing me to be a part of this work and for his continued guidance, suggestions, and time dedicated to reading and editing my thesis. Ted Lewis was instrumental in the acquisition of the NEXRAD data and importing it into the model and also in answering questions on any and all aspects of my project. Thank you to my committee members Dr. Richards and Dr. Zollweg who answered all my GIS questions and allowed me to bounce ideas off of them and borrow their field equipment. Computational Hydraulics International (CHI) provided me with a grant for PCSWMM and allowed me to use their extensive support network without which this project would have been considerably more difficult. Enormous thanks to Andy Sansone of Monroe County Environmental Services who taught me more about the Rochester sewer network than I could have ever imagined I would need to know and whose continued support and correspondence helped me from the beginning stages of site selection up through the final stages of this project. I would like to thank my colleagues Joshua LaFountain and Evan Rea for their help in sampling and laboratory analysis. Lastly, I would like to thank my friends and family for their endless support and encouragement throughout this process. i List of Tables Table 1. Sampling sites in the City of Rochester................................................. 69 Table 2. $QDO\WHVPHDVXUHGDQGPHWKRGVXVHGIRUFKHPLFDODQDO\VLV«««.... 69 Table 3. Average dry weather concentrations (± standard error) of total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) at five sampled VWRUPVHZHUVLWHV«««««............................................................... 70 Table 4. Concentrations of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrates, dissolved sodium, total suspended solids, and total coliform bacteria measured in sites along the Genesee River while the 1HZ<RUN6WDWH%DUJH&DQDOZDVFORVHGDQGRSHQHG««««........... 71 Table 5. Average concentrations and loads of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrates, dissolved sodium, total suspended solids, and total coliform bacteria measured at two sites along the New York State Barge Canal from 28 April 2012 to 15 NRYHPEHU«.............................................. 72 Table 6. Conductivity and temperature taken at different depths at two sites along the Genesee River and two sites along the New York State Barge Canal on -XQH««««««««««««««........... 73 Table 7. Conductivity and temperature recorded at various depths at two sites along the Genesee River and two sites along the New York State %DUJH&DQDORQ-XO\«««««««««««««............. 73 Table 8. Average event and nonevent concentrations of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrates, dissolved sodium, total suspended solids, and total coliform bacteria at nine storm sewer sites in the City of Rochester«............................................................. 74 Table 9. Water chemistry data for nine storm sewer sites during events and nonevents, arranged by clusters formed from the cluster analysis......... 75 Table 10. Comparison between average event and nonevent concentrations of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrates, dissolved sodium, total suspended solids, and total coliform bacteria measured at nine storm sewer sites in the City of Rochester................. 76 Table 11. Average discharge and event mean concentrations of total phosphorus and total suspended solids during precipitation events at nine separate storm sewer sites in the City of Rochester............................................. 77 Table 12. Coefficients of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index values for observed versus PCSWMM predicted flow, total phosphorus load, and total suspended solid loads for calibration at monitored sites....................................................................................... 77 Table 13. Coefficients of determination (R2) for model validation at seven storm sewer sites for flow, total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended sediment (TSS) loads............................................................................. 78 ii Table 14. Total PCSWMM predicted monthly and annual flow, total phosphorus loads, and total suspended solid loads to the Genesee 5LYHUIURPVHSDUDWHVWRUPVHZHUVLQ«««««««................. 78 Table 15. Monthly and annual volumes (m3) of water discharged into the Genesee River from individual sewersheds and the entire separate VWRUPVHZHUQHWZRUNLQ«««««««««............................. 79 Table 16. Monthly and annual loads (kg) of total phosphorus discharged into the Genesee River from individual sewersheds and the entire separate storm sewer network in 2012................................................................. 80 Table 17. Monthly and annual loads (kg) of total suspended solids discharged into the Genesee River from individual sewersheds and the entire VHSDUDWHVWRUPVHZHUQHWZRUNLQ«««««««««............... 81 Table 18. Percent reductions of total flow (m3), total phosphorus (TP) load (kg), and total suspended solid (TSS) loads for stormwater sewer outfalls DIWHUORZLPSDFWGHYHORSPHQWDSSOLFDWLRQWRLPSHUYLRXVDUHDV«......... 82 Table 19. Average daily discharge and average daily (kg/d) and total loads (kg) of total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia, total phosphorus (TP), nitrate, and nitrite from Kodak .LQJ¶V/DQGLQJ:DVWHZDWHU7UHDWPHQW3ODQWIURP-DQXDU\WR 'HFHPEHU««««««««««............................................. 83 Table 20. Dates, estimated volumes, and ranges of total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS), and E. coli concentrations of combined sewer overflow (CSOs) discharging into the Genesee River and ,URQGHTXRLW%D\«««««««««................................................ 84 Table 21. Total phosphorus (TP) (kg) and total suspended solid (TSS) (kg) loads at two sites along the Genesee River during the navigation season when the New York State Barge Canal was open (spring and summer) and the non-navigation season when seasonal dams are closed isolating the canal and river (fall and winter)«....................... 85 Table 22. Average daily flow (m3/d), total annual flow (m3/yr), annual total phosphorus (TP) load (kg/yr), and annual total suspended solid (TSS) load (kg/yr) from VHSDUDWHVWRUPVHZHUV.RGDN.LQJ¶V/DQGLQJ Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), combined sewer overflows, the Genesee River, and two tributaries of the Genesee River (Conesus &UHHNDQG&DQDVHUDJD&UHHN ««««««««............................. 85 iii List of Figures Figure 1. The Genesee River watershed with the boundary of the upper Genesee River Watershed and major streams.................................... 86 Figure 2. The study site, including storm sewer sites, sewersheds, wastewater treatment plants, combined sewer overflows, canal sites, and river sites............................................................................ 87 Figure 3. Sewersheds and storm sewer outfall locations on the Genesee 5LYHU««««.................................................................................. 88 Figure 4. Conductivity and temperature sampling sites along the Genesee 5LYHUDQG1HZ<RUN6WDWH%DUJH&DQDO««««««««««.... 89 Figure 5. Average concentration of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrates, dissolved sodium, total suspended solids, and coliform bacteria in Genesee River during and outside of the navigation season..............................«««« 90 Figure 6. Average discharge and loadings of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrates, dissolved sodium, total suspended solids, and total coliform bacteria at two sites along the New York State Barge Canal............................................. 91 Figure 7. Dendogram from a cluster analysis run on nonevent and event conditions at nine storm sewer sites in the City of Rochester........... 92 Figure 8. Average monthly dissolved sodium concentrations measured at seven