One Historical Map-Locating the Past of Present

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

One Historical Map-Locating the Past of Present One Historical Map Locating the Past of Present Katherine Chong Singapore Land Authority (SLA) GeoSmart Asia 2016, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 17-19 October 2016 www.oneHmap.sg Introduction to One Historical Map (OHM) • Created by SLA to celebrate SG50 • To raise awareness to and educate the public, especially the younger generation, about the changes in their neighbourhoods and the country • OHM traces the momentous changes to the Singapore landscape over a span of 50 years since our independence • Compare modern Singapore streetscapes to those of yesteryears • Users can contribute to the geographical history of Singapore by geo-tagging their personal collection of past and present photographs of Singapore 2 Introduction to OHM • Developed by a team of geospatial application specialists within SLA • Available on Google Play and App Store www.oneHmap.sg 3 OHM Activities • Launched in December 2015 • GeoHackathon 2015 • Digi.tech @ Clementi 2016 • Support crowdsourcing to chronicle Singapore’s past GeoHackathon Digi.tech@ 2015 Clementi 2016 4 Singapore island Over the years... 5 Ten Mile Junction Features Locating and Tracing the Development of a Place 6 Ten Mile Junction Features Crowdsourcing Historic Photographs 7 Ten Mile Junction Features Compare Maps of Different Years 8 LIVE DEMO TEN MILE JUNCTION HWA CHONG INSTITUTION SENTOSA ISLAND 9 Ten Mile Junction 10 To Study the Ten Mile Junction Development of a Particular Area/Building Insert Ten Mile Junction and select the first result. 11 To Study the Development 2016 of a Particular Area/Building Bring view to Ten Mile Junction on base map of year 2016. Photo contributed by National Heritage Board 12 To Study the Development 1966 of a Particular Area/Building Change the year of map to 1966, it shows Bukit Panjang English School and a police station. 13 To Study the Development 1975 of a Particular Area/Building Change the year of map to 1975, the map still shows Bukit Panjang English School and the police station. 14 To Study the Development 1984 of a Particular Area/Building Change the year of map to 1984, Bukit Panjang English School and the police station are still around. 15 To Study the Development 1995 of a Particular Area/Building Change the year of map to 1995, Bukit Panjang English School and the police station no longer exist on the map. 16 To Study the Development 2007 of a Particular Area/Building Change the year of map to 2007, it shows that the area was used to build Ten Mile Junction building. 17 Hwa Chong Institution 18 To Study the History of Building Conservation Search for Hwa Chong Institution and select the first result. 19 To Study the History of 2016 Building Conservation The map of year 2016 shows where Hwa Chong Institution is located. 20 To Study the History of 1966 Building Conservation Change the year of map to 1966, it shows the area was occupied by Chinese High School instead. 21 To Study the History of 1975 Building Conservation In year 1975, Chinese High School still exists in the area. At the same time, Hwa Chong Junior College appears next to Chinese High School. 22 To Study the History of 1984 Building Conservation In year 1984, there isn’t much changes at the same location. 23 To Study the History of 1995 Building Conservation In year 1995, road construction started to happen around the area. 24 To Study the History of 2007 Building Conservation On the map of year 2007, Clock Tower Building appears at the same location. It can be deduced that Hwa Chong Junior College and Chinese High School (as seen in earlier maps) were merged to form Hwa Chong Institution. 25 To Study the History of 2016 Building Conservation The map of year 2016 shows that more buildings had been built under Hwa Chong Institution. 26 1966 1995 To Study the History of Building Conservation 1975 2007 The Hwa Chinese Chong High Junior 1984 2016 School College Hwa Chong Institution 27 To Study the History of Year 1950s Building Posted by tan_jiayi98 Conservation Photo of Chinese High School in year 1950s vs 2016. Year 2016 Posted by Joseph 28 Sentosa 29 To Study the History and 1966 Development of an Area The island was formerly known as Pulau Blakang Mati as seen in map of year 1966. Whereas the former Pulau Hantu is now known as Pulau Keppel. 30 To Study the History and 1975 Development of an Area On the map of year 1975, the island was renamed to Sentosa and land reclamation started to happen. 31 To Study the History and 1984 Development Pulau Keppel of an Area On the map of year 1984, Pulau Hantu was renamed to Pulau Keppel. More land reclamation activities happened at Pulau Brani and Tanjong Pagar Terminal area. 32 To Study the History and 1995 Development of an Area In year 1995, a large tract of land was reclaimed at the east of Sentosa island. 33 To Study the History and 2007 Development of an Area In 2007, mass developments started to take place at east of Sentosa island. 34 To Study the History and 2016 Development of an Area On the map of year 2016, several jetties were built at Sentosa island and Keppel island. With map comparison side by side, it shows that every 10 years, new area is being developed and reclaimed. 35 Conclusion • OHM can be used to study the evolving of any part of Singapore • OHM facilitates the sharing of personal photos of places and buildings of Singapore • OHM as a geo-historical platform, integrating maps and technology helps to preserve the historical geographical information, shared history and heritage Thank You About SLA Singapore Land Authority (SLA) is a statutory board with the Ministry of Law. Its mission is to optimise land resources for the social and economic development of Singapore. SLA manages some 12,000 hectares of State land and about 5,000 State buildings, which have largely been tenanted out for a variety of uses. It also manages land sales, leases, acquisitions and allocation, developing and marketing land-related information, and maintaining the national land information database through digitised land information services. Being the national land registration authority for property transactions, SLA issues and guarantees land titles in Singapore. It also manages and maintains the national land survey system, where boundaries or legal limits of properties are defined, based on a coordinated cadastre survey system. The use of geospatial information is also spearheaded by SLA through a national collaborative environment where geospatial data, policies and technologies are established and defined, thereby fostering innovation, knowledge and value creation for the Government, enterprises and community. For more details, visit www.sla.gov.sg or find us on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/SingaporeLandAuthority 37 .
Recommended publications
  • PSC Annual Report 2007
    Singapore Public Service Commission ANNUAL REPORT 2007 Contents Singapore Contents Public Service Commission SINGAPORE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION 1 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 02 Chairman’s Review 06 Members of the Singapore Public Service Commission 10 Role of the Public Service Commission 12 2007 Highlights 14 Development Programmes for PSC Scholars 16 Engagement Programmes for PSC Scholars 18 2007 PSC Scholars 28 Visits by Foreign Delegations 30 Appointments, Promotions & Discipline 36 PSC Secretariat Staff 2 Chairman’s Review Singapore Public Service Commission SC Scholarships have long been an important means for bringing talent into the Civil Service. While the SINGAPORE PUBLIC system has worked well, improvements and changes continue to be made for the Service to attract a fair SERVICE COMMISSION 3 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 Pshare of Singapore’s most able people. Over the last few years, the PSC has continued to enhance its scholarship offerings. Casting its net wider in its efforts to recruit talent into the Civil Service, PSC has begun to offer scholarships beyond students who have just completed their A-level examinations. In 2006, the PSC introduced the Mid-Term Scholarship, targeted at undergraduates in their second or third year of studies. PSC also started the Civil Service Internship Programme in 2006 to give Singaporean students studying in top universities abroad an opportunity to experience work in the Civil Service. 2007 saw the launch of the Overseas Merit Scholarship (Specialist) and the re-introduction of the Singapore Government Scholarship (Open). These scholarships aim to strengthen the talent pipeline for the Civil Service. The Overseas Merit Scholarship (Specialist) allows top calibre students to pursue specialised disciplines and work in professional schemes of service upon graduation, while the Singapore Government Scholarship (Open) provides candidates flexibility in deployment to the ministries after graduation.
    [Show full text]
  • CONTENT Inside Front Cover
    CONTENT Inside Front Cover: The iconic Hwa Chong Clock Tower lit up at night. HIGHLIGHTS | 06 CENTENNIAL GREEN PROJECTS | 44 Hwa Chong in the News 饮水思源献虎兰 Inside Back Cover: Editorial Metamorphosis: From Caterpillar to Butterfly Hwa Chong’s New Butterfly Garden The human formation created this year for our centennial Chinese New Year celebrations. A Blossoming of Green at Hwa Chong’s Greencon CENTENNIAL More Than Just A Walk in The Park CELEBRATIONS | 18 Hwa Chong’s Garden Campus Centennial Gala Dinner Commemorating A Century of Hwa Chong 100 YEARS OF PASSION | 54 史诗式音乐剧《世纪华中》 奏响百年校史的恢宏乐章 Wisdom from the Nobel Laureates for the Hwa Chong Centennial 总统府开放日 华中文化历史之旅推向大众 Tomorrow’s Leaders Forge a Global Path The 13th Asia-Pacific Young Leaders Summit A High School Perspective on the HC100 Musical The Joy of Giving A Century of Healthy Minds and Healthy Bodies 2019 Founders’ Day Food Drive Centennial Combined Sports Meet 2019 Hear Hwa Chong Roar! 华中武术队 以实际行动向百年庆献礼 National Track and Field Finals 2019 Winning Glory for the Red and Yellow HCI Secures Quadruple Track and Field Championship Once Again CENTENNIAL INSIGHTS SERIES | 30 自强不息辨是非 饮水思源怀天下 Insights Series #1 2019年双文化研讨会 华中硕果累累 Exploring Science as a Common Language Hogwarts and Hulk in Hwa Chong! The International Science Youth Forum 2019 HCI Celebrates World Book Day and Library Week 2019 Insights Series #2: HCI-NYGH Integrated A Touching Touchdown Programme Education Conference Hwa Chong's Touch Rugby Family Benefit from the Unifying Educating for the Future: Charting the Next Century
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Language Policy in Singapore Author(S) Charlene Tan Source Language Policy, 5(1), 41-62
    Title Change and continuity: Chinese language policy in Singapore Author(s) Charlene Tan Source Language Policy, 5(1), 41-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10993-005-5625-7 Published by Springer This is the author’s accepted manuscript (post-print) of a work that was accepted for publication in the following source: Tan, C. (2006). Change and continuity: Chinese language policy in Singapore. Language Policy, 5(1), 41-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10993-005-5625-7 Notice: Changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing and formatting may not be reflected in this document. The final publication is also available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10993-005- 5625-7 Language Policy (2005) 00: 1–22 Ó Springer 2005 1 DOI 10.1007/s10993-005-5625-7 2 CHARLENE TAN 3 CHANGE AND CONTINUITY: CHINESE LANGUAGE 4 POLICY IN SINGAPORE F 56 7 (Received 20 February 2005; accepted in revised form 17 November 2005) AUTHOR’S PROOF! 8 ABSTRACT. This paper discusses the language policy for Chinese Language or 9 Mandarin in Singapore, with a particular focus on recent policy changes and the 10 accompanying policy statements. The paper identifies and explores three key features 11 in the recent language policy changes: a flexible and customized approach in the 12 teaching and learning of Chinese, a plan to nurture a core groupPROO of bicultural elite, 13 and the emphasis on oral communication and reading for the majority of students. 14 The paper argues that underlying the changes is the affirmation and continuation of 15 the government’s pragmatic approach in language policy and commitment to 16 bilingualism in Singapore.
    [Show full text]
  • Lhl19990530a Singapore Government PRESS RELEASE Media Division
    lhl19990530a Singapore Government PRESS RELEASE Media Division, Ministry of Information and the Arts, #36-00 PSA Building, 460 Alexandra Road, Singapore 119963. Tel: 3757794/5 ==================================================================== EMBARGO INSTRUCTIONS The attached press release/speech is EMBARGOED UNTIL AFTER DELIVERY. Please check against delivery. For assistance call 3757795 ==================================================================== SPRInter 3.0, Singapore's Press Releases on the Internet, is located at: http://www.gov.sg/sprinter/ ==================================================================== To be embargoed till AFTER Delivery SPEECH BY DPM LEE HSIEN LOONG AT THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY HOMECOMING CARNIVAL OF HWA CHONG JUNIOR COLLEGE ON SUNDAY, 30 MAY 1999, 10.00 AM 1. Twenty-five years is a milestone age in the life of an institution. It is a time to celebrate the past, reflect on the present, and make plans for the future. 2. Hwa Chong was founded in 1974 as the first government-aided junior college. The College was established through the combined efforts of the Ministry of Education and a group of public-spirited community leaders including members of the School Management Committee of The Chinese High School. Hence, your Chinese name “Hua Zhong”, signifying your close relationship with The Chinese High School. 3. When Hwa Chong was founded, Singapore was in its early years of nationhood. Then, our per capita income was only about $5,000. Less than 5% of each Primary 1 cohort made it to university. Today, our per capita income is close to $40,000, comparable to many developed countries, and 22% of each Primary 1 cohort make it to university. Singapore has made significant progress in the space of twenty-five years, as has Hwa Chong Junior College.
    [Show full text]
  • Not Too Young for University NTU Opens Its Undergraduate Courses to Talented Secondary School and Junior College Students
    Oct – Dec 2003 No 50 www.ntu.edu.sg/pro/ntu+news/ Not too young for university NTU opens its undergraduate courses to talented secondary school and junior college students. Credits earned count towards future NTU degrees nder this bold and unusual programme, bright students from Hwa Chong Junior College and The Chinese High School can have a foot in tertiary education when they take undergraduate courses at NTU. UFrom next January, Hwa Chong students can enrol for two first-year courses over a four-month semester to earn academic units that count towards an NTU degree. With fewer courses to complete when they enter university later on, they can grad- Brainy kid! uate faster. So he’s just having fun with dad, A full-blown programme is expected by 2006, when the who’s obviously keen for the little “through-train” scheme (Integrated Programme) is imple- tyke to follow in his footsteps! mented in some Singapore schools. This allows secondary Dad, like 5,410 other graduates, was a star at Convocation 2003. school students to skip O Levels and aim straight for the A See Pages 8 to 11 Levels, freeing up studying time which could otherwise be spent on enrichment and out-of-syllabus activities. Admission without A Levels a possibility Prof Er, who is overseeing the programme, said students At a press conference, NTU President Prof Su Guaning said the must meet the enrolment criteria for the subjects of their University would consider admitting the exceptionally talented choice, which could include an assessment of academic reports, to full-time study without their having to take the A Levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Book of Art Lessons
    LITTLE BOOK OF ART LESSONS A COLLECTION OF LOWER SECONDARY LESSON IDEAS BY AEP SCHOOLS 2 Imagination, creativity, perseverance and responsibility. Joining AEP “ brought these values to life through ” exploring different art mediums and studying art history. Having the privilege to visit museums and attend different activities made the learning much more enriching and fun. - Yan Jia Qi Nanyang Girls’ High School Warriors Day was an event planned by VSAEP to further enhance the Victorians in their “ creativity and art and craft skill. On that ” highly enriching day of fun, I learnt the true technique of making warrior equipment out of just cardboard, newspaper, and duct tape. It was fun to see the other team showcased as we learnt and had fun at the same time. - Sanat Victoria School Just last year, the AEP class of 2004 gathered for dinner with our teacher. “ It was inspiring to find out that even ” in our different walks of life now, we are still bound together by a creativity zeal in things big or small. It’s a real testament to the times we had in school. - Ho Zhen Ming Hwa Chong Institution 1 CONTENTS 2 PREFACE 3 WHAT IS THE AEP? AN ARTISTIC JOURNEY 4 A Lesson From Idea To Drawing To Sculpture LOOKING WITH CURIOSITY 8 An AEP Cultural Trip To Malacca BASICS THROUGH THE CLASSICS 12 A Lesson On Classical 2D Animation FLOWER POWER 16 Learning About Futurism Through Sculpture CREATING A LASTING IMPRESSION 20 A Printmaking Module About ‘Place’ DA Y OF WARRIORS 24 Warrior’s Outfit Making Competition STRIKE A POSE, THERE’S NOTHING TO IT! 28 A Lesson On Portrait Photography 32 HOW DO I JOIN THE AEP? 2 PREFACE This Little Book Of Art Lessons is a kaleidoscope of lower secondary art lessons contributed by our Art Elective Programme (AEP) schools.
    [Show full text]
  • Hwa-Chong-IP-Prospectus-Latest.Pdf
    1 CONTENTS Nurturing Holistic Leaders with a Heart for the Community Vision, Mission & Values 5 Building Character 7 Unique Consortium System 8 Inspiring Educators 9 Inspiring Scholastic Excellence through Holistic Assessment 10 One of the World’s Most Innovative Schools At the Forefront of Educational Change and Innovation 12 A Broad-Based Education & Caring Environment 15 Hwa Chong Talent Development Programmes 16 Learning without Borders 21 The Hwa Chong Global Academy 22 Nobel Laureates & Fields Medalists at the Hwa Chong International Science Youth Forum (2009 – 2021) 24 Learning from Thought Leaders 26 Distinguished Visitors to HCI (2011 - 2021) 27 Hwa Chong: Best of East and West Developing Bicultural Leaders 29 Achieving World-Class Excellence 60 World Championship Titles (2006 - 2021) 34 Top Scholarships Won 38 Flying Singapore’s and Hwa Chong’s Flags High 40 Excelling on the World Stage 41 Join the Hwa Chong Tradition of Excellence Hwa Chong Fast Facts 2021 44 World-Class Facilities 46 Many of the photographs in this publication were taken before March 2020. 自强不息 、 学以致用 、饮水思源 – These values continue to guide me. I believe this is a key reason why Hwa Chong produces not only outstanding students who have unique talents and abilities, but also students with the heart, compassion, and love for Singapore and fellow Singaporeans. MR NG CHEE MENG Secretary-General, National Trades Union Congress Nurturing Holistic Leaders With A Heart For The Community “At Hwa Chong, the spirit of community service, paying it forward and caring through sharing matter a lot for our students, and the values of 己立立人, 己达达人 have become part of the Hwa Chong student’s DNA.
    [Show full text]
  • Student Testimonials What Students Are Saying About Our SAT Masterclass
    Student Testimonials What students are saying about our SAT Masterclass “It almost feels like cheating.” “New knowledge I could not encounter if I had just self- studied.” I was expecting a session chock full of half-tips and cliff- hangers, but the IvyPrep team pulled no stops in I gained new knowledge about the SAT that I could not delivering the lesson. I learned a lot, not only about the encounter if I had just self-studied. The tips and tricks various techniques required in tackling the SAT but also certainly gave me a boost on the exam day itself. The classes about every SAT takers ultimate goal – admission into US were packed with information that only experienced test- universities. takers could share. The pedagogy was thorough and accessible, and the instructor was very insightful and The general feeling I got was that these were people who entertaining at the same time. The three hours in each class genuinely cared and were people I could trust. I guess it is was time well spent. just a bonus that these nice people also happened to be extremely capable at the same time. -M. Garda, SAT Score 2300 (Top 0.5% Globally), Raffles Institution, August 2015 Just a few minutes into the lesson and I was already sold. The instructor wasn’t some suave, smooth talking and slightly intimidating tutor one would expect of a perfect “Practical strategies.” SAT scorer and Ivy League graduate. In fact, he’s quite the opposite. He sometimes stumbles, cracks awkward The lessons were really very helpful.
    [Show full text]
  • Hwa Chong: at the Forefront of Educational Change and Innovation
    Hwa Chong: At the Forefront of Educational Change and Innovation Hwa Chong Institution (HCI) is Singapore's premier independent school, with a rich history of 98 years. The Institution is the culmination of the watershed merger in 2005 between the former Chinese High School (founded 1919) and Hwa Chong Junior College (founded 1974). For achieving world-class standards of excellence in education, HCI is the first GCE A-Level Integrated Programme School to be conferred the Singapore Quality Award (SQA) in 2010 and the SQA with Special Commendation in 2016. The Institution was featured as one of the world's most innovative schools in 2009 by the South China Morning Post — Hong Kong's premier English daily. Nature, the world’s most-cited scientific journal, also showcased HCI as having one of the “most innovative science-education programmes” globally on 16 July 2015. Drawing from the best of the East and West, Hwa Chong provides a broad-based six-year Integrated Programme (IP) that caters to the needs of the top 5% of students from Singapore and the region. As a trailblazer in education, Hwa Chong is the first and only independent school to set up a Beijing Satellite Campus and pioneer the FutureSchools@Singapore initiative. Developing Global Leaders A commitment to excellence is a hallmark of the Institution whose mission is to develop leaders for the nation. The Institution prides itself on having produced 56 President's Scholars (the country’s most prestigious scholarship) to date. Between 2006 and 2017, Hwa Chong students brought pride to the country and school by winning 49 World Championship titles in various fields.
    [Show full text]
  • 1998 Mathematical Olympiads.Pdf
    he annual Mathematical Olympiads organized by the Singapore Mathematical Society have successfully concluded this year with the Department of Mathematics, NUS, as a joint organizer. Altogether almost 6000 students from 110 secondary schools, JCs and other organizations took part in the following competitions: the Singapore Secondary School Mathematical Olympiad (SSSMO), Junior and Senior Sections, and the Singapore Mathematical Olympiad (SMO). These competitions took place in June and July at NUS and 12 competition centres around Singapore. More than 190 students received prizes in teams or as individuals in a Prize Presentation Ceremony held on 10 September at NUS from the Guest-of-Honour Mr Peter Chen, Senior Minister of State (Education). In addition, about 270 students received Gold Certificates, about 240 received Silver, and another 510 or so received Bronze. As an encouragement and in recognition of their achievement at this year's IMO held in Taiwan in July, the Singapore Mathematical Society also presented special awards to the 1998 Singapore IMO team at the Prize Presentation Ceremony. The team members comprise: Huah Cheng Jiann (Victoria JC) Awarded Silver Medal at IMO Yeo Keng Hee (Hwa Chong JC) Awarded Bronze Medal at IMO Lin Shaowei (Raffles JC) Awarded Bronze Medal at IMO He Ruimin (Raffles JC) Awarded Bronze Medal at IMO Lim Yee Fun (Victoria JC) Awarded Honorable Mention at IMO Li Hongyi (Raffles JC) Awarded Honorable Mention at IMO The Society would like to thank: (i) Mr Peter Chen, Senior Minister of State (Education),
    [Show full text]
  • Principia - Leading Learning 1 President’S Message
    Principia - Leading Learning 1 President’s Message This is last in the series of 5 on the different areas that school leaders are called on to spearhead or show the way. We had started with Leading Culture then Leading People in 2014; we celebrated SG50 looking at Leading Nationally and Leading Change; and most appropriately we come back this year to the heart of all that we do – Leading Learning. We began by interviewing two principals who have had to lead their schools into a new way of learning. You will read Foo Suan Fong’s immensely down-to-earth approach in bringing a school out of the traditional ‘O’ level track into the Integrated Programme. You will also appreciate the amusing honesty of Lim Boon Cheng as she FOO SUAN FONG crafted a Future School out of a non-existent entity and met, on the way, the frank and unvarnished reactions of students to the challenges thrown at them. Yet despite the official categorising of their schools, these two school leaders showed that beneath it all, “If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and the enterprise is not that different – that never-ending journey every educator takes into become more, you are a leader.” finding out how students learn. But it is not only students who learn; principals also learn as you will find out from Ng Pak Tee. Pak’s Tee’s research - John Quincy Adams, one of Dr Foo’s favourite quotes into school leadership and its impact on student learning has made his input at the Leaders in Education Programme and his contribution to its design an integral part of a principal’s training.
    [Show full text]
  • St Catharine's
    St Catharine’s 2009 St Catharine’s Magazine !""# Designed and typeset in Linotype Syntax by Photography credits: Front cover/111 Tom Catchesides Hamish Symington (www.hamishsymington.com). (www.catchesides.co.uk); 7/20/23/38/59/127 Gillian Sandford; 9/58 Lafayette Photography; Printed in England by Piggott Black Bear Ltd on 22 Tom Soar; 38/61 JET Photography; elemental-chlorine-free paper from sustainable forests. 39/40 Rob Golding; 53 Lydia Cracknell. Table of contents Editorial ............................................................5 Society news Society Committee 2009–10 ...........................70 College report The Society President ......................................70 The Fellowship ..................................................8 Report on the 81st Annual Meeting (2009) ....71 New Fellows ...................................................11 The Legacy of World War 2 in the Valete .............................................................13 Channel Islands ...........................................72 Alfred Gavin Maddock, 15 August 1917 Annual Dinner 2009 .......................................73 – 5 April 2009 .............................................14 Branch news ...................................................75 Kenneth Berrill GBE KCB, 28 August 1920 Alumni Hockey ...............................................78 – 30 April 2009 ...........................................17 First award for music tuition ...........................79 Master’s report ...............................................19 A
    [Show full text]