Proquest Dissertations

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Proquest Dissertations British Policy Towards Russian Refugees in the Aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution Elina Hannele Multanen Ph.D. Thesis The School of Slavonic and East European Studies University College London University of London ProQuest Number: U120850 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U120850 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT This thesis examines British government policy towards Russian refugees in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution and the Civil War in Russia. As a consequence of these two events, approximately one million Russians opposing the Bolshevik rule escaped from Russia. The Russian refugee problem was one of the major political and humanitarian problems of inter-war Europe, affecting both individual countries of refuge, as well as the international community as a whole. The League of Nations had been formed in 1919 in order to promote international peace and security. The huge numbers of refugees from the former Russian Empire, on the other hand, were seen as a threat to the intemational stability. Consequently, the member states of the League for the first time recognised the need for intemational co-operative efforts to assist refugees, and the post of High Commissioner for Russian Refugees was established under the auspices of the League. Significantly, this action marked the beginning of the intemational refugee regime; the active co-operation of states in the field of refugee assistance. European countries, in addition to intemational co-operative efforts on behalf of Russian refugees, also took individual actions for their assistance by offering them asylum in their countries. However, there were big differences in the policies of various European countries. Britain had long enjoyed a reputation of being a country of liberal refuge, where political refugees and immigrants could find asylum. This liberalism, however, started to be undermined at the beginning of the Kf" century, particularly since the First World War. Although a principle that political refugees should be considered separately remained, my thesis will argue that this mle was not followed in the case of Russian refugees. From the very beginning the British government took a rigid attitude against the admission of Russian refugees to Britain, and strict provisions were set for the entry of individual refugees. Because of this, the number of Russian refugees in Britain was much smaller than in many other European countries, for example France or Germany. The policy of the British government towards Russian refugees thus offers a good example of the general decline of liberalism in Britain. CONTENTS Abstract 2 A note on Transliteration 5 List of Abbreviations 5 Chapter 1 : Introduction 6 Chapter 2: The Development of British Immigration and Refugee Policy 26 2.1. 19^ Century Developments 26 2.2. Towards Immigration Regulations: Aliens Act 1905 and Its Followers 36 2.3. Intemational Comparisons 51 2.4. Concluding Remarks: The Free Haven of Britain 56 Chapter 3: The Exodus From Russia Following the Civil War 58 3.1. British Involvement in the Civil War 58 3.2. From Prinkipo to the Change of Policy 72 3.3. The Refugee Problem 89 3.4. Concluding Remarks 100 Chapter 4: The British Government and the Russian Refugees 101 4.1. The Question of Entry to Britain 101 4.2. Refugees Maintained in the Balkans and Mediterranean 147 4.3. Concluding Remarks 162 Chapter 5: Searching for Solutions: The Establishment of the Intemational Refugee Regime 165 5.1. The Origins of the Regime 165 5.2. The Office of the High Commissioner for Russian Refugees: the Beginnings 174 5.3. The Constantinople Problem 184 5.4. Agreement Between the British Government and the High Commissioner 199 5.5. Successes and Failures in the Work of the High Commissioner 209 5.6. Concluding Remarks 223 Chapter 6: Russian Émigrés and British Society 227 6.1. The Legal Status of Russian Refugees 228 6.2. Russian and Anglo-Russian Organisations 239 6.3. Life of Russian Émigrés in Britain in the 1920s 260 6.4. Concluding Remarks 277 Chapter 7: Conclusion 279 Bibliography 295 A NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION In my thesis I have followed systematically the Library of Congress system of transliteration from Russian to English. In the footnotes and bibliography, however, the Russian names and words are given in the form they are presented in the sources and documents. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BCRRC British Committee of the Russian Red Cross BRRC British Russian Relief Committee CO Colonial Office CRC Central Russian Committee FO Foreign Office HO Home Office ICRC Intemational Committee of the Red Cross ILO Intemational Labour Organisation RRA Russian Refugees Relief Association RRCS Russian Red Cross Society (old organisation) RRF Russian Relief Fund RRRF Russian Relief and Reconstmction Fund URR Union for the Regeneration of Russia YMCA Young Men’s Christian Association WO War Office ZEMGOR Union of Zemstvos and Towns CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Russian emigration in the aftermath of the First World War, the Bolshevik Revolution and the Civil War in Russia, constituted one of the major political and humanitarian problems of inter-war Europe, both for individual countries and for the intemational community as a whole. Between 1917 and 1923 over a million Russian refugees escaped from Bolshevik Russia and were scattered to a number of different European countries, as well as to the United States, the Far East and elsewhere. The post-revolutionary Russian emigration, unlike the earlier migrations from the Russian Empire, was concentrated in a period of a few years. The Soviet government started to restrict emigration fi*om 1922 onwards, and by mid-1923 the emigration to European countries had become virtually impossible by legal means. * Migration to the Far East continued until the mid-193 Os and some individual Soviet defectors continued to escape to the west, but the mass movement from Russia ended during the early 1920s." The estimates of the total number of Russian refugees have varied a lot. Early estimates mostly varied from one and a half to three million. The League of Nations estimated in 1922 that there were 1,5 million Russian refugees in Europe. According to the Central Information Office of Countess Bobrinskii, established in Constantinople in May 1920, there were slightly over one million Russian refugees in Europe in January 1921. The American Red Cross estimate in January 1922, on the other hand, was about two million. Even higher was the estimate of a German author, H. von Rimscha; his estimate for the total number of Russian refugees, including the Far East, was almost three million. A more critical examination of the records at the time of a survey by Sir John Simpson, The Refugee Problem: Report o f A Survey, which was taken at the behest of the Royal ^ Dowty, Alan. Closed Borders. The Contemporary Assault of the Freedom of Movement. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987, p. 69; Marrus, Michael. The Unwanted. European Refugees in the Twentieth Century. New York 1985, pp. 59-60. 2 Skran, Claudena. Refugees in Inter-War Europe. The Emergence of a Regime. Oxford 1995, p. 36. On Soviet defectors see Gordon Brook-Shepherd. The Storm Petrels: The Flight o f First Soviet Defectors. New York 1977. 7 Institute of Intemational Affairs and published in 1939, resulted in a reduction of these estimates. In the survey it was pointed out that the earlier estimates, given at the time of the exodus, were often too high, as they were made at a time of chaotic conditions and constant flux of refugees from one country to another. Estimates of various countries were not simultaneous, which made the duplication of figures very probable. Neither was there any proper machinery for accurate statistical records in the countries of emigration.^ According to Dr. Izjumov, whose figures were published in Simpson’s survey, there were between 635,600 and 755,000 Russian refugees in Europe in January 1922.^ The figure does not, however, include those in the Far East. ^ The material consulted by Izjumov consisted largely of various documents relating to Russian emigration, deposited in the Russian archive in Prague Other documentation used by Simpson for compiling the survey were, for example, the documents of the Red Cross, statistics of the countries of asylum and various refugee organisations, as well as the League of Nations. According to Marc Raeff, one of the leading historians on Russian emigration, Simpson’s survey can be considered one of the most comprehensive and on the whole, reliable study on Russian emigration. He points out that Simpson and his collaborators, for example Dr. Izjumov, used all available documentation and nothing new has surfaced since. ^ Nevertheless, estimates in recent studies still vary a great deal. Heller and Nekrich (1986) cite figures ranging from 860,000 to two million and end up with an estimate that more than one million people left Russia. However, they also conclude that the exact figure can not be stated. * Michael Marrus (1985) estimates that the number of refugees numbered close to a million at the highest point, but that the total fell quite 3 Simpson, Sir John Hope. The Refugee Problem: Report o f A Survey. London 1939 (Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute o f Intemational Affairs), pp.
Recommended publications
  • When Faced with a Democracy: Political Socialization of First-Generation Ethnic Russian Immigrants in Central and South Florida" (2019)
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School April 2019 When Faced with a Democracy: political socialization of first- generation ethnic Russian immigrants in Central and South Florida Marina Seraphine Mendez University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Mendez, Marina Seraphine, "When Faced with a Democracy: political socialization of first-generation ethnic Russian immigrants in Central and South Florida" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7857 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. When Faced with a Democracy: political socialization of first-generation ethnic Russian immigrants in Central and South Florida by Marina Seraphine Mendez A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government School of Interdisciplinary Global Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Co-Major Professor: Darrell Slider, Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Bernd Reiter, Ph.D. Harry Vanden, Ph.D. Cornelis Boterbloem, Ph.D. Elizabeth Aranda, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 19, 2019 Keywords:
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0127716 A1 Longo Et Al
    US 2014O127716A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0127716 A1 Longo et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 8, 2014 (54) BENCHMARKS FOR NORMAL CELL (60) Provisional application No. 61/240,613, filed on Sep. IDENTIFICATION 8, 2009. (71) Applicant: Nodality, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (US) Publication Classification (72) Inventors: Diane Longo, Foster City, CA (US); (51) Int. C. Alessandra Cesano, Redwood City, CA GOIN33/50 (2006.01) (US); Garry P. Nolan, South San G06F 9/72 (2006.01) Francisco, CA (US) (52) U.S. C. CPC ............ G0IN33/5041 (2013.01); G06F 19/12 (73) Assignee: Nodality, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (2013.01) (US) USPC ............. 435/7.21: 435/29: 435/7.24; 435/7.4 (21) Appl. No.: 14/072,623 (22) Filed: Nov. 5, 2013 (57) ABSTRACT Related U.S. Application Data Provided herein are methods, compositions, and kits for (63) Continuation of application No. 13/821,539, filed on determining cell signaling profiles in normal cells and com Oct. 2, 2013, Continuation-in-part of application No. paring the cell signaling profiles of normal cells to cell sig 12/877,998, filed on Sep. 8, 2010. naling profiles from a test sample. Patent Application Publication May 8, 2014 Sheet 1 of 37 US 2014/O12771.6 A1 SC: Z 2 N 2 29:NS Patent Application Publication May 8, 2014 Sheet 2 of 37 US 2014/O12771.6 A1 Patent Application Publication May 8, 2014 Sheet 3 of 37 US 2014/O12771.6 A1 se|duesque?e),TWV Patent Application Publication May 8, 2014 Sheet 5 of 37 US 2014/O12771.6 A1 FLT-WTAML that signal FLT-WTAML that signal like Healthy BMMb like FLT3-ITDAML O Healthy BMMb S FLT3 ITDAML O FLT3 WTAML -0.2 O.O 0.2 0.4 DOnOrS With OW mutational load Principal Component 1 FIG.
    [Show full text]
  • Political and Moral Themes in the Works of Alexander Solzhenitsyn
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1980 Political and moral themes in the works of Alexander Solzhenitsyn Isaiah L. Parnell College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Parnell, Isaiah L., "Political and moral themes in the works of Alexander Solzhenitsyn" (1980). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625102. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-sqe1-6046 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Political and Moral Thanes in the Works of Alexander Solzhenitsyn A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Government The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts by Isiah L. Parnell APPROVAL SHEET 1 This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Author Approved, August 198Q longham Ki ii To The Gang: Michelle, Shawn, Anita, April, and Corey. iii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. .... .............................. v ABSTRACT. ......... ......... .............. .......... vi INTRODUCTIONT . 2 CHAPTER I. THE ROLE OF THE ARTIST. ........... 8 THE TRADITIONAL VIEW OF ART AND THE ARTIST............... 9 SOLZHENITSYN'S POLITICAL PURPOSE....... 11 SOLZHENITSYN AS AN HISTORIAN............................ 13 SOLZHENITSYN AS A PROPHET................ 16 LITERATURE AS A MEMORIAL.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cambridge Companion to Nabokov Edited by Julian W
    Cambridge University Press 052153643X - The Cambridge Companion to Nabokov Edited by Julian W. Connolly Frontmatter More information The Cambridge Companion to Nabokov Vladimir Nabokov held the unique distinction of being one of the most impor- tant writers of the twentieth century in two separate languages, Russian and English. Known for his verbal mastery and bold plots, Nabokov fashioned a literary legacy that continues to grow in significance. This volume offers a con- cise and informative introduction to the author’s fascinating creative world. Specially commissioned essays by distinguished scholars illuminate numerous facets of the writer’s legacy, from his early contributions as a poet and short- story writer to his dazzling achievements as one of the most original novelists of the twentieth century. Topics receiving fresh coverage include Nabokov’s narrative strategies, the evolution of his worldview, and his relationship to the literary and cultural currents of his day. The volume also contains valuable supplementary material such as a chronology of the writer’s life and a guide to further critical reading. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 052153643X - The Cambridge Companion to Nabokov Edited by Julian W. Connolly Frontmatter More information THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO NABOKOV EDITED BY JULIAN W. CONNOLLY University of Virginia © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 052153643X - The Cambridge Companion to Nabokov Edited by Julian W. Connolly Frontmatter More information cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521536431 C Cambridge University Press 2005 This book is in copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors That Influence the Former Soviet Union Immigrants
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review International Perspective on Health Literacy and Health Equity: Factors That Influence the Former Soviet Union Immigrants Uliana Kostareva 1,* , Cheryl L. Albright 1, Eva-Maria Berens 2, Diane Levin-Zamir 3, Altyn Aringazina 4, Maria Lopatina 5, Luba L. Ivanov 6 and Tetine L. Sentell 7 1 School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawai’i at Manoa,¯ Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; [email protected] 2 Interdisciplinary Center for Health Literacy Research, Bielefeld University, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; [email protected] 3 Department of Health Education and Promotion, Clalit Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 31000, Israel; [email protected] 4 Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; [email protected] 5 National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 101000 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 6 Chamberlain College of Nursing, Chamberlain University, Downers Grove, 60515 IL, USA; [email protected] 7 Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai’i at Manoa,¯ Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 January 2020; Accepted: 16 March 2020; Published: 24 March 2020 Abstract: Among the world’s 272 million international migrants, more than 25 million are from the former Soviet Union (FSU), yet there is a paucity of literature available about FSU immigrants’ health literacy. Besides linguistic and cultural differences, FSU immigrants often come from a distinct healthcare system affecting their ability to find, evaluate, process, and use health information in the host countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Recall of Mps
    House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee Recall of MPs First Report of Session 2012–13 Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 21 June 2012 HC 373 [incorporating HC 1758-i-iv, Session 2010-12] Published on 28 June 2012 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The Political and Constitutional Reform Committee The Political and Constitutional Reform Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to consider political and constitutional reform. Current membership Mr Graham Allen MP (Labour, Nottingham North) (Chair) Mr Christopher Chope MP (Conservative, Christchurch) Paul Flynn MP (Labour, Newport West) Sheila Gilmore MP (Labour, Edinburgh East) Andrew Griffiths MP (Conservative, Burton) Fabian Hamilton MP (Labour, Leeds North East) Simon Hart MP (Conservative, Camarthen West and South Pembrokeshire) Tristram Hunt MP (Labour, Stoke on Trent Central) Mrs Eleanor Laing MP (Conservative, Epping Forest) Mr Andrew Turner MP (Conservative, Isle of Wight) Stephen Williams MP (Liberal Democrat, Bristol West) Powers The Committee’s powers are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in Temporary Standing Order (Political and Constitutional Reform Committee). These are available on the Internet via http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmstords.htm. Publication The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the internet at www.parliament.uk/pcrc. A list of Reports of the Committee in the present Parliament is at the back of this volume.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
    Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover.
    [Show full text]
  • Welsh Disestablishment: 'A Blessing in Disguise'
    Welsh disestablishment: ‘A blessing in disguise’. David W. Jones The history of the protracted campaign to achieve Welsh disestablishment was to be characterised by a litany of broken pledges and frustrated attempts. It was also an exemplar of the ‘democratic deficit’ which has haunted Welsh politics. As Sir Henry Lewis1 declared in 1914: ‘The demand for disestablishment is a symptom of the times. It is the democracy that asks for it, not the Nonconformists. The demand is national, not denominational’.2 The Welsh Church Act in 1914 represented the outcome of the final, desperate scramble to cross the legislative line, oozing political compromise and equivocation in its wake. Even then, it would not have taken place without the fortuitous occurrence of constitutional change created by the Parliament Act 1911. This removed the obstacle of veto by the House of Lords, but still allowed for statutory delay. Lord Rosebery, the prime minister, had warned a Liberal meeting in Cardiff in 1895 that the Welsh demand for disestablishment faced a harsh democratic reality, in that: ‘it is hard for the representatives of the other 37 millions of population which are comprised in the United Kingdom to give first and the foremost place to a measure which affects only a million and a half’.3 But in case his audience were insufficiently disheartened by his homily, he added that there was: ‘another and more permanent barrier which opposes itself to your wishes in respect to Welsh Disestablishment’, being the intransigence of the House of Lords.4 The legislative delay which the Lords could invoke meant that the Welsh Church Bill was introduced to parliament on 23 April 1912, but it was not to be enacted until 18 September 1914.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Birmingham St. Petersburg and Moscow In
    University of Birmingham St. Petersburg and Moscow in twentieth-century Russian literature Palmer, Isobel DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-54911-2_12 License: None: All rights reserved Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Palmer, I 2017, St. Petersburg and Moscow in twentieth-century Russian literature. in J Tambling (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Literature and the City. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 197-214. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1- 137-54911-2_12 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: Checked for eligibility: 25/10/2018 For Springer Nature terms of reuse for archived author accepted manuscripts (AAMs) of subscription books and chapters see: https://www.palgrave.com/gp/journal-authors/aam-terms-v1 General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document.
    [Show full text]
  • Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
    Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan)
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship of the Home Office and the Ministry Of
    THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE HOME OFFICE AND THE MINISTRY OF LABOUR WITH THE TREASURY ESTABLISHMENT DIVISION 1919-1946 AN EVALUATION OF CONTRASTING NEEDS NORMAN GEORGE PRICE Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD London School of Economics (University of London) 1 UMI Number: U042642 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U042642 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 t h e s e s F 68 nu-oaaiS ABSTRACT The thesis examines three Departments of the British Home Civil Service from 1919 to 1946: the Home Office, the Ministry of Labour and the Treasury Establishment Division. The study investigates the contrasting needs, in establishment terms, of an old "Secretary of State" department the Home Office, performing a largely regulatory role, with a new department the Ministry of Labour performing an administrative role, and the relationship of both over establishment matters with the Treasury. The study assesses the roles of individual Administrative Class civil servants in the three departments from the rank of Principal to Permanent Secretary: with particular reference to the relationships existing between the Permanent Secretaries of the two departments and the Permanent Secretaries of the Treasury and their Controllers of Establishments.
    [Show full text]
  • THE RISE and FALL of the BLACK HUNDRED by Jacob Langer Department of History Duke Univers
    CORRUPTION AND THE COUNTERREVOLUTION: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BLACK HUNDRED by Jacob Langer Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Marty Miller, Supervisor ___________________________ Donald Raleigh ___________________________ Warren Lerner ___________________________ Alex Roland Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2007 ABSTRACT CORRUPTION AND THE COUNTERREVOLUTION: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BLACK HUNDRED by Jacob Langer Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Marty Miller, Supervisor ___________________________ Donald Raleigh ___________________________ Warren Lerner ___________________________ Alex Roland An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2007 Copyright by Jacob Langer 2007 Abstract This dissertation analyzes the ideology and activities of the Black Hundred movement at the end of the Imperial period in Russia (1905-1917). It seeks to explain the reasons for the sudden, rapid expansion of Black Hundred organizations in 1905, as well as the causes of their decline, which began just two years after their appearance. It further attempts to elucidate the complex relationship between the Black Hundred and Russian authorities, including the central government and local officials. The problem is approached by offering two distinct perspectives on the Black Hundred. First, a broad overview of the movement is presented. The focus here is on the headquarter branches of Black Hundred organizations in St. Petersburg, but these chapters also look at the activities of many different provincial branches, relating trends in the provinces to events in the center in order to draw conclusions about the nature of the overall movement.
    [Show full text]