DOCSLIB.ORG

481 a Acid Mine Drainage, 22, 297 Adaptation, 4, 71, 202, 205, 206

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
481 a Acid Mine Drainage, 22, 297 Adaptation, 4, 71, 202, 205, 206 Index A B Acid mine drainage, 22, 297 Bacteria, 124–126, 128, 146, 149, 212, 213, Adaptation, 4, 71, 202, 205, 206, 210, 214, 226, 227, 232, 234, 256, 258, 278, 286, 221, 286, 297 290, 388 Adsorbed contaminants, 116 Bahamas, 299, 442, 445, 446, 448, 450 Agricultural contaminants, 114–116 Bahamian archipelago, 369 Agricultural impacts on soil, 110–111 Banksula melons, 209 Agricultural point sources, 108, 110, 128 Bärenschacht Cave, Switzerland, 290 Agriculture, 103–132, 207, 264, 295, 362, 366, Base flow stage, 268, 296 369–370, 374, 381, 403, 439, 442, 444, Bathynellacea, 286 453, 455, 475 Bay of Halong World Heritage site, Vietnam, Akkőprű Reservoir, Turkey, 51, 59, 60, 65 464, 474, 479 Allochthonous energy, 206–219 Beetles, 212, 214, 217, 229, 286, 290 Allogenic recharge, 265, 290, 296 Belize, 105, 111, 170, 171, 174–176, 179–180, Allogenic streams, 473, 479 190–198, 393, 442, 444–446, 448, 449, Allowable karst risk level, 97, 98 452–454 Altamira Cave, Spain, 145 Ben En National Park, Vietnam, 451 Amblyopsis spelaea, 297 Bentonite, 39, 61 Amblysoma spelaea, 300 Best management practices (BMP), 42, 43, Amphipod crustaceans, 213 125, 128, 132, 385 Amphipoda, 286, 302 Big Spring Basin, Iowa, U.S.A., 116, 119, 121 Anchialine systems, 287, 288, 299 Bileća Reservoir, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 51, 52, Annex-to-drain systems (ADS), 267, 54, 56 272, 273 Biodiversity, 104, 155, 161, 162, 209, 227, Antibiotics, 124, 227, 236 229, 237, 284, 291, 293, 305, 306, 308, Antikarst protection program, 75 309, 334, 364, 370, 381, 392, 394, 439, Antrolana lira, 218 453, 455, 462, 469, 475 Ao Phangnga National Park, Thailand, 450 Biofilm, 149, 211, 213, 220, 235, 296, 298, 301 Apulia, Italy, 107, 160, 161, 166, 369, 382 Biofuels industry, 370 Apuseni Nature Park, Romania, 371 Blue Mountains-John Crow Mountains Aquifer exploitation, 263 National Park, Jamaica, 450 Association of Southeast Asian Nations Bogovina Dam, Serbia, 56 Environment Program Bohol, the Philippines, 113 (ASEAN), 444 Boreholes, 14, 22, 26, 29, 30, 36, 52, 53, 55, Atrazine, 121, 123, 124, 129, 299 62, 63, 65–68, 70, 120, 246–248, 250, Autogenic recharge, 111, 265, 290 258, 273, 290, 292, 294 Autogenic streams, 473 Boundary definition, 404–406 P.E. van Beynen (ed.), Karst Management, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1207-2, 481 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 482 Index Bratsk Reservoir, Russia, 68, 70 Clarinbridge Catchment, Galway, Ireland, Breccia, 13, 21, 174, 180, 191–193, 195–197 108, 113 Brionne Basin, Normandy, France, Classic Maya society, 175 117–118, 129 Clean Air Act, 362 Brundtland Commission, 362, 363 Clean Water Act, 362 Buffer strips, 128 Climatic change, 403, 441, 455 Building stone, 180, 191, 193–197 Closed depressions, 15, 126, 131, 425 Burma, 443, 445–448, 451, 452, 454 Cockpit Country, Jamaica, 371, 399–411, 445, Burren karst plateau, Ireland, 106, 108, 110, 453, 462 130, 131 Cockpit karst, 4, 399, 405, 453 Collapse risk assessment, 75–100 Compaction grouting, 33, 36, 37 C Comprehensive plans, 352–354 C-Bus technology, 147, 153 Con Dao National Park, Vietnam, 451 Caecidotea isopods, 298, 300 Conservation tillage, 104, 112, 128 Caecidotea macropropoda, 215 Contaminant plumes, 121, 256, 260 Calakmul Biological Reserve, Contaminant transport, 252, 257 Guatemala, 448 Copepod crustaceans, 213 Camarasa Dam, Spain, 49 Copepoda, 286 Cambodia, 443, 445, 447, 448, 452 Cordilleran Ice Sheet, Canada, 416 Campur Limestone, 174 Costa Rica, 442, 445, 446, 448, 449, 453, 454 Cap and trade carbon credit programs, 373 Cover collapse sinkholes, 22–24 Cap grouting, 34, 37 Cover subsidence sinkholes, 22–24 Caprock sinkhole, 15, 20–22 Cretaceous Chalk, England, 116, 118, 123, 254 Carbon dioxide levels, 111, 147 Crop rotation, 128 Carbon storage in deep aquifers, 372, 373 Cryptosporidium parvum, 125 Carbonate aquifers, 4, 113, 118, 243–260 Cuba, 324, 325, 328, 385, 442, 444–446, 448, Carbonate covered karst, 76 449, 452, 453 Carboniferous limestone, 106, 113, 118, 253 Cuban Speleological Society (CSS), 323–325, Caribbean Conservation Association, 444 328, 329, 342 Caribbean karst, 450 Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam, 451, 453 Castelcivita Cave, Campania, Italy, 160, 163 Cut-off (diaphragm) walls, 59–61, 64–65 Castellana Caves, Apulia, Italy, 160, 161, 165 Cutters, 13, 27, 174 Cave crickets, 203–207, 209, 210, 214, Cylindrical dams, 48, 58, 59, 61 216, 217 Cave entrance modification, 143, 145 Cave inventories and classification, 154–155 D Cave lighting, 146, 148, 152, 476 Dam construction, 3, 48, 49, 54, 71, 781 Cave management, 152, 155–156, 159–166, Danum Valley Conservation Area, 325, 327, 475, 476 Malaysia, 444 Cave monitoring, 151, 165, 166 Darcy’s law, 252 Cave of Letters (COL), Israel, 170–173, Darlingtonea kentuckensis, 217 176–178, 180–186, 196, 197 Data archive, 338–339 Cave restoration, 229, 234–236 Data availability, 391–393 Cave surveying, 176, 327, 474 Decapoda, 286, 308 Cavity treatment, 26 Decomposers, 217, 218 Central America karst, 2, 4, 384, 441–443, Deforestation, 3, 104–106, 111–114, 127, 297, 447, 452 349, 381, 388, 403 Ceuthophilus secretus, 203, 204, 210 Dendrocoelopsis Americana, 215 Charged body method, 55 Dene aboriginal people, Canada, 416 Chekka Spring, Lebanon, 276 Dense non-aqueous phase liquids, 382 Chemoautotrophic energy, 208 Dental filling, 28, 34 Chiquibul National Park, Belize, 448 Desertification, 111–113, 127, 325, 326, 333, Cicurina baronia, 203 381, 403, 455, 475 Index 483 Desethylatrazine (DEA), 121, 124 Epikarst, 10, 12, 24, 26, 28–29, 38, 104, 111, Devils Icebox cave system, Missouri, 113, 114, 212–214, 220, 246, 264, 265, USA, 300 279, 289–291, 294, 296, 385, 389, 390, Differential foundation settlement subsidence, 427, 473, 476 82, 84 Equilibrium solubility effects, 244–245 Diffuse fissure flow, 116 Escherichia coli, 125, 126, 234, 256, 388 Dimensions of sinkholes, 82, 83 European Action COST 620, 278 Dinaric Karst, 61, 111, 297, 460, 465, 475 European Cave Protection Commission Dissolution rates, 21, 69, 81, 245 (ECPC), 330 Dissolutional enhancement, 259 European Commission LIFE Nature fund, 131 Dissolved organic matter (DOM), 211 European PASCALIS project, 285 Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), 121 European Union Nitrates Directive, 118, DNA, 302, 308 127–129, 132 Dominican Republic, 370, 445, 449, 452 European Water Framework Directive, 354 Dorvan-Cleyzieu karst drainage, France, 294 Eurycea troglodytes, 300 DRASTIC aquifer vulnerability method, Eutrophication, 120, 295, 307 278, 389 Evaporates, 48, 49, 54, 68–70, 245, 369 Drilled piles, 31 Dynamic storage, 268–270, 273 Dzerzhinsk, Russia, 81, 86, 88–90, 93, 94 F Faecal coliforms, 124–126, 128, 232 Faecal streptococci, 124 E Fallout material, 218 E.U. Water Framework Directive, 118, 121, Farm wastes, 104, 108, 118, 132 127, 132, 354 Fauna management, 293, 305 Ecotourism, 372, 373, 411, 453, 454 Federal Cave Resources Protection Act, 384 Educational programs, 236, 306, 323, 327, Ferromanganese deposits, 227, 228 337, 345 Fertilizers, 3, 104, 106, 108, 118, 119, 121, Edwards Aquifer, USA, 119, 126, 254–255, 126, 129, 131, 132, 142, 355, 392 288, 292, 299, 337, 351, 354 Flatworms, 215, 286 El Cajon Dam, Honduras, 67 Flooding, 12, 40–42, 104, 106, 113, 114, 144, El Salvador, 442, 446, 448, 452 208, 289, 295, 297, 300, 307, 333, 352, Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), 170, 354, 359, 368, 381, 386, 387, 473 173, 177, 178, 183–186, 190, 191, 197 Florentine Valley, Tasmania, 112 Emil Racovita Institute of Speleology (ERIS), Florida, USA, 1, 14, 252, 350, 365, 367, 370, 324, 325, 328, 333, 335, 336, 341, 343 386, 388, 392 Endangered Species Act, 362 Flow paths, 13, 21, 245, 247, 251, 289, 295 Energy flows, 4, 202, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210, Fluometuron, 123, 124 221, 473 Fluorescein, 54 Enforcement, 209, 351, 355, 384, 386, 387, Fluviokarst, 2, 461, 463 403, 405, 408, 445, 454, 474 Fontaine de Vaucluse, France, 268, 269, Engineering karstology, 75–77 271, 272 Entre-deux-Mers karst plateau, France, 112 Food web, 203, 207, 208, 213, 220, 288 Environmental equity, 362 Forest reserves, 400, 403–405, 407, 408, 411, Environmental impact assessments (EIAs), 444, 448, 450, 451 160, 303, 385 Environmental index, 385 Environmental Performance Index (EPI), G 364, 365 Gammarus minus, 213, 288 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 41, Genetic variation, 290 43, 118, 120, 303, 308, 354 Geoarchaeology, 169–198 Environmental tracers, 251, 252 Geodiversity, 155, 462, 475 EPIK aquifer vulnerability method, 127, 278, Geographic Information System (GIS) 389, 391 databases, 303, 385 484 Index Geomorphological analysis, 54 High permeability, 4, 244–246, 253, 257–259 Geomyces destructans, 216, 232 Hin Namno Karst Reserve Laos, 451 Geophysics, 48, 170, 176, 178, 180, 182, Hispaniola, 442, 449 197, 327 Hoffman Environment Research Institute Geosynthetics, 48 (HERI), 324, 325, 331–335, 340–342 Geotextile filter fabric, 38 Huoshipo Reservoir, Guizhou Province, China, Geothermal cooling or heating, 368 68, 69 Glaciokarst, 461 Hutovo Reservoir, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 51, Glowworm, 301 59, 60 Gorin Mill Spring, Kentucky, USA, 251, Hydraulic conductivity, 246, 247, 249, 250, 256–257 252, 258, 273, 278, 292, 389 Gotvand Dam, Iran, 69 Hydraulic gradients, 246, 253, 257, 258, 295, Gran Parque Sierra Maestra, Cuba, 444, 449 425, 427, 428, 461 Great Falls Dam, USA, 49 Hydraulic head, 54, 276 Greater Antilles, 441, 442, 452 Hydrofracturing, 24, 37 Green building, 365, 368 Hydrogeological and hydrological Green River, Kentucky, USA, 256, 257, 300 investigations, 54, 71 Greenhouse gas management, 362, 366, Hydroids, 286 372–374
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tentative Lists Submitted by States Parties As of 15 April 2021, in Conformity with the Operational Guidelines
    World Heritage 44 COM WHC/21/44.COM/8A Paris, 4 June 2021 Original: English UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Extended forty-fourth session Fuzhou (China) / Online meeting 16 – 31 July 2021 Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger 8A. Tentative Lists submitted by States Parties as of 15 April 2021, in conformity with the Operational Guidelines SUMMARY This document presents the Tentative Lists of all States Parties submitted in conformity with the Operational Guidelines as of 15 April 2021. • Annex 1 presents a full list of States Parties indicating the date of the most recent Tentative List submission. • Annex 2 presents new Tentative Lists (or additions to Tentative Lists) submitted by States Parties since 16 April 2019. • Annex 3 presents a list of all sites included in the Tentative Lists of the States Parties to the Convention, in alphabetical order. Draft Decision: 44 COM 8A, see point II I. EXAMINATION OF TENTATIVE LISTS 1. The World Heritage Convention provides that each State Party to the Convention shall submit to the World Heritage Committee an inventory of the cultural and natural sites situated within its territory, which it considers suitable for inscription on the World Heritage List, and which it intends to nominate during the following five to ten years. Over the years, the Committee has repeatedly confirmed the importance of these Lists, also known as Tentative Lists, for planning purposes, comparative analyses of nominations and for facilitating the undertaking of global and thematic studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Names and Sustainable Tourism
    No. 59 NOVEMBERNo. 59 NOVEMBER 2020 2020 Geographical Names and Sustainable Tourism Socio- Institutional cultural Sustainable Tourism Economic Environmental Table of Contents The Information Bulletin of the United Nations MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRPERSON ............................................... 3 Group of Experts on Geographical Names (formerly Reconsidérer notre mobilité ......................................................... 3 UNGEGN Newsletter) is issued twice a year by the Secretariat of the Group of Experts. The Secretariat Reconsider our mobility ............................................................... 4 is served by the Statistics Division (UNSD), MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARIAT ................................................. 5 Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Secretariat of the United Nations. Contributions “Geographical names and sustainable tourism ............................ 5 and reports received from the Experts of the Group, IN MEMORIAM ................................................................................ 7 its Linguistic/Geographical Divisions and its Working Groups are reviewed and edited jointly by the Danutė Janė Mardosienė (1947-2020) ........................................ 7 Secretariat and the UNGEGN Working Group on SPECIAL FEATURE: GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES AND SUSTAINABLE Publicity and Funding. Contributions for the TOURISM ......................................................................................... 9 Information Bulletin can only be considered when they are made
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Secretary Salazar: I Strongly
    Dear Secretary Salazar: I strongly oppose the Bush administration's illegal and illogical regulations under Section 4(d) and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, which reduce protections to polar bears and create an exemption for greenhouse gas emissions. I request that you revoke these regulations immediately, within the 60-day window provided by Congress for their removal. The Endangered Species Act has a proven track record of success at reducing all threats to species, and it makes absolutely no sense, scientifically or legally, to exempt greenhouse gas emissions -- the number-one threat to the polar bear -- from this successful system. I urge you to take this critically important step in restoring scientific integrity at the Department of Interior by rescinding both of Bush's illegal regulations reducing protections to polar bears. Sarah Bergman, Tucson, AZ James Shannon, Fairfield Bay, AR Keri Dixon, Tucson, AZ Ben Blanding, Lynnwood, WA Bill Haskins, Sacramento, CA Sher Surratt, Middleburg Hts, OH Kassie Siegel, Joshua Tree, CA Sigrid Schraube, Schoeneck Susan Arnot, San Francisco, CA Stephanie Mitchell, Los Angeles, CA Sarah Taylor, NY, NY Simona Bixler, Apo Ae, AE Stephan Flint, Moscow, ID Steve Fardys, Los Angeles, CA Shelbi Kepler, Temecula, CA Kim Crawford, NJ Mary Trujillo, Alhambra, CA Diane Jarosy, Letchworth Garden City,Herts Shari Carpenter, Fallbrook, CA Sheila Kilpatrick, Virginia Beach, VA Kierã¡N Suckling, Tucson, AZ Steve Atkins, Bath Sharon Fleisher, Huntington Station, NY Hans Morgenstern, Miami, FL Shawn Alma,
    [Show full text]
  • Crustaceans Topics in Biodiversity
    Topics in Biodiversity The Encyclopedia of Life is an unprecedented effort to gather scientific knowledge about all life on earth- multimedia, information, facts, and more. Learn more at eol.org. Crustaceans Authors: Simone Nunes Brandão, Zoologisches Museum Hamburg Jen Hammock, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Frank Ferrari, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Photo credit: Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) by Jeremy Thorpe, Flickr: EOL Images. CC BY-NC-SA Defining the crustacean The Latin root, crustaceus, "having a crust or shell," really doesn’t entirely narrow it down to crustaceans. They belong to the phylum Arthropoda, as do insects, arachnids, and many other groups; all arthropods have hard exoskeletons or shells, segmented bodies, and jointed limbs. Crustaceans are usually distinguishable from the other arthropods in several important ways, chiefly: Biramous appendages. Most crustaceans have appendages or limbs that are split into two, usually segmented, branches. Both branches originate on the same proximal segment. Larvae. Early in development, most crustaceans go through a series of larval stages, the first being the nauplius larva, in which only a few limbs are present, near the front on the body; crustaceans add their more posterior limbs as they grow and develop further. The nauplius larva is unique to Crustacea. Eyes. The early larval stages of crustaceans have a single, simple, median eye composed of three similar, closely opposed parts. This larval eye, or “naupliar eye,” often disappears later in development, but on some crustaceans (e.g., the branchiopod Triops) it is retained even after the adult compound eyes have developed. In all copepod crustaceans, this larval eye is retained throughout their development as the 1 only eye, although the three similar parts may separate and each become associated with their own cuticular lens.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Our Excursion Booklet
    An immersive walk with Mimmo Tailor-made Card 1 Hashtags: #alberobello #trulli #food #walking #likealocal #nowherelse #indigenus Duration: half-day Location: Alberobello Description Almost everyone knows what a “trullo” is but perhaps only a few do actually know why a building should have such weird structure and why they are typical of this area. What almost nobody knows is why we are so proud of a village like Alberobello and that is why we offer an experience with Mimmo, our local friend and great connoisseur of the Apulian traditions. He will drive you through narrow streets and alleys that he knows as his own pocket, tell you anecdotes and fun facts of the village so that you will jump in the past having a sense of what it feels like to be Apulian. You will delve into the authentic life of the village and, together with Mimmo, you will have the chance to visit a private trullo-museum, which is very uncommon since trulli always have a private owner and it is so hard to walk in. As a successful completion of the experience you will taste some traditional food specialties and a glass of local wine, getting even more familiar with the Apulian slow-living style. www.indigenus.it Matera, the cultural capital of 2019 Tailor-made Card 2 Hashtags: #walking #culture #sassi #nowherelse #borgoegnazia #indigenus #borgoegnazia Duration: half-day Location: Matera Description If you try to compare Matera to other places in the world you would never find a similar city. Matera is a unique setting, an entire town that lies in a small canyon carved out by the Gravina.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Adaptations in Crustaceans: Chromatic, Developmental, and Temporal Aspects
    FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: ©2003 Springer‐Verlag. This manuscript is an author version with the final publication available at http://www.springerlink.com and may be cited as: Marshall, N. J., Cronin, T. W., & Frank, T. M. (2003). Visual Adaptations in Crustaceans: Chromatic, Developmental, and Temporal Aspects. In S. P. Collin & N. J. Marshall (Eds.), Sensory Processing in Aquatic Environments. (pp. 343‐372). Berlin: Springer‐Verlag. doi: 10.1007/978‐0‐387‐22628‐6_18 18 Visual Adaptations in Crustaceans: Chromatic, Developmental, and Temporal Aspects N. Justin Marshall, Thomas W. Cronin, and Tamara M. Frank Abstract Crustaceans possess a huge variety of body plans and inhabit most regions of Earth, specializing in the aquatic realm. Their diversity of form and living space has resulted in equally diverse eye designs. This chapter reviews the latest state of knowledge in crustacean vision concentrating on three areas: spectral sensitivities, ontogenetic development of spectral sen­ sitivity, and the temporal properties of photoreceptors from different environments. Visual ecology is a binding element of the chapter and within this framework the astonishing variety of stomatopod (mantis shrimp) spectral sensitivities and the environmental pressures molding them are examined in some detail. The quantity and spectral content of light changes dra­ matically with depth and water type and, as might be expected, many adaptations in crustacean photoreceptor design are related to this governing environmental factor. Spectral and temporal tuning may be more influenced by bioluminescence in the deep ocean, and the spectral quality of light at dawn and dusk is probably a critical feature in the visual worlds of many shallow-water crustaceans.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Names
    GEOGRAPHIC NAMES CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ? REVISED TO JANUARY, 1911 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 PREPARED FOR USE IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE BY THE UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY, 1911 ) CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. The following list of geographic names includes all decisions on spelling rendered by the United States Geographic Board to and including December 7, 1910. Adopted forms are shown by bold-face type, rejected forms by italic, and revisions of previous decisions by an asterisk (*). Aalplaus ; see Alplaus. Acoma; township, McLeod County, Minn. Abagadasset; point, Kennebec River, Saga- (Not Aconia.) dahoc County, Me. (Not Abagadusset. AQores ; see Azores. Abatan; river, southwest part of Bohol, Acquasco; see Aquaseo. discharging into Maribojoc Bay. (Not Acquia; see Aquia. Abalan nor Abalon.) Acworth; railroad station and town, Cobb Aberjona; river, IVIiddlesex County, Mass. County, Ga. (Not Ackworth.) (Not Abbajona.) Adam; island, Chesapeake Bay, Dorchester Abino; point, in Canada, near east end of County, Md. (Not Adam's nor Adams.) Lake Erie. (Not Abineau nor Albino.) Adams; creek, Chatham County, Ga. (Not Aboite; railroad station, Allen County, Adams's.) Ind. (Not Aboit.) Adams; township. Warren County, Ind. AJjoo-shehr ; see Bushire. (Not J. Q. Adams.) Abookeer; AhouJcir; see Abukir. Adam's Creek; see Cunningham. Ahou Hamad; see Abu Hamed. Adams Fall; ledge in New Haven Harbor, Fall.) Abram ; creek in Grant and Mineral Coun- Conn. (Not Adam's ties, W. Va. (Not Abraham.) Adel; see Somali. Abram; see Shimmo. Adelina; town, Calvert County, Md. (Not Abruad ; see Riad. Adalina.) Absaroka; range of mountains in and near Aderhold; ferry over Chattahoochee River, Yellowstone National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • And Peracarida
    Contributions to Zoology, 75 (1/2) 1-21 (2006) The urosome of the Pan- and Peracarida Franziska Knopf1, Stefan Koenemann2, Frederick R. Schram3, Carsten Wolff1 (authors in alphabetical order) 1Institute of Biology, Section Comparative Zoology, Humboldt University, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany, e-mail: [email protected]; 2Institute for Animal Ecology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17d, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; 3Dept. of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA. Key words: anus, Pancarida, Peracarida, pleomeres, proctodaeum, teloblasts, telson, urosome Abstract Introduction We have examined the caudal regions of diverse peracarid and The variation encountered in the caudal tagma, or pancarid malacostracans using light and scanning electronic posterior-most body region, within crustaceans is microscopy. The traditional view of malacostracan posterior striking such that Makarov (1978), so taken by it, anatomy is not sustainable, viz., that the free telson, when present, bears the anus near the base. The anus either can oc- suggested that this region be given its own descrip- cupy a terminal, sub-terminal, or mid-ventral position on the tor, the urosome. In the classic interpretation, the telson; or can be located on the sixth pleomere – even when a so-called telson of arthropods is homologized with free telson is present. Furthermore, there is information that the last body unit in Annelida, the pygidium (West- might be interpreted to suggest that in some cases a telson can heide and Rieger, 1996; Grüner, 1993; Hennig, 1986). be absent. Embryologic data indicates that the condition of the body terminus in amphipods cannot be easily characterized, Within that view, the telson and pygidium are said though there does appear to be at least a transient seventh seg- to not be true segments because both structures sup- ment that seems to fuse with the sixth segment.
    [Show full text]
  • Section IV – Guideline for the Texas Priority Species List
    Section IV – Guideline for the Texas Priority Species List Associated Tables The Texas Priority Species List……………..733 Introduction For many years the management and conservation of wildlife species has focused on the individual animal or population of interest. Many times, directing research and conservation plans toward individual species also benefits incidental species; sometimes entire ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are times when highly focused research and conservation of particular species can also harm peripheral species and their habitats. Management that is focused on entire habitats or communities would decrease the possibility of harming those incidental species or their habitats. A holistic management approach would potentially allow species within a community to take care of themselves (Savory 1988); however, the study of particular species of concern is still necessary due to the smaller scale at which individuals are studied. Until we understand all of the parts that make up the whole can we then focus more on the habitat management approach to conservation. Species Conservation In terms of species diversity, Texas is considered the second most diverse state in the Union. Texas has the highest number of bird and reptile taxon and is second in number of plants and mammals in the United States (NatureServe 2002). There have been over 600 species of bird that have been identified within the borders of Texas and 184 known species of mammal, including marine species that inhabit Texas’ coastal waters (Schmidly 2004). It is estimated that approximately 29,000 species of insect in Texas take up residence in every conceivable habitat, including rocky outcroppings, pitcher plant bogs, and on individual species of plants (Riley in publication).
    [Show full text]
  • Predation As a Factor Influencing the Occurrence and Distribution Of
    Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 53 (2): 233-243 — 1983 Amsterdam Expeditions to the West Indian Islands, Report 28. Predation as a factor influencing the occurrence and distribution of small Crustacea in West Indian groundwaters by Jan H. Stock Institute of Taxonomie Zoology, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 20125, 1000 HC Amsterdam, The Netherlands Summary 1. INTRODUCTION from inland Hadziid are known groundwaters Amphipoda During groundwater explorations (1800 sta- of 14 West Indian islands, Thermosbaenacea from those of tions in in the West 43 islands) Indies, great both 9 islands. Only 4 islands show joint occurrence of numbers of animals hypogean were en- Even in islands of hadziids occur groups. joint occurrence, countered in this significantly more often alone in a given locality, than in (see previous reports series). The combination with Thermosbaenacea or Copepoda most frequently represented groups were Cyclopidae. The latter two do not show signifi- groups any Oligochaeta, Gastropoda, and four crustacean for the cant avoidance of each other. Some possible causes taxa: Ostracoda, cyclopid Copepoda, Am- non-random occurrence of small groundwater Crustacea phipoda, and Thermosbaenacea. are discussed; it seems most likely that hadziids predate on Groundwaters river other Thermosbaenacea or (in springs, Crustacea, such as Cyclopidae. wells, caves, This have influence the and beach of islands predation may have, or had, on interstitia) the following of the under considera- actual distributionpatterns groups have been investigated (fig. 1) during a ten tion. years' period (1973-1982) by the Amsterdam Expeditions: Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Isias Résumé Los Roques, La Tortuga, La Blanquilla, Los Des Hadziides des Amphipodes sont connus eaux souter- Testigos, Margarita, Barbados, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Sarawak—A Neglected Birding Destination in Malaysia RONALD ORENSTEIN, ANTHONY WONG, NAZERI ABGHANI, DAVID BAKEWELL, JAMES EATON, YEO SIEW TECK & YONG DING LI
    30 BirdingASIA 13 (2010): 30–41 LITTLE-KNOWN AREA Sarawak—a neglected birding destination in Malaysia RONALD ORENSTEIN, ANTHONY WONG, NAZERI ABGHANI, DAVID BAKEWELL, JAMES EATON, YEO SIEW TECK & YONG DING LI Introduction It is our hope that this article will be a catalyst One of the ironies of birding in Asia is that despite for change. Alhough much of Sarawak has been the fact that Malaysia is one of the most popular logged and developed, the state still contains destinations for birdwatchers visiting the region, extensive tracts of rainforest habitat; it is still one very few visit the largest state in the country. of the least developed states in Malaysia once away Peninsular Malaysia, and the state of Sabah in east from the four main coastal cities. Given its extensive Malaysia, are well-known and are visited several coastline, Sarawak contains excellent wintering times a year by international bird tour operators grounds for waders and other waterbirds. BirdLife as well as by many independent birdwatchers. But International has designated 22 Important Bird Areas Malaysia’s largest state, Sarawak, which sits (IBAs) in Sarawak, the highest number for any state between the two and occupies one fifth of eastern in Malaysia and more than in all the states of west Borneo, is unfortunately often overlooked by Malaysia combined (18), whilst Sabah has 15 IBAs birdwatchers. The lack of attention given to (Yeap et al. 2007). Sarawak is not only a loss for birders, but also to the state, as the revenue that overseas birdwatchers Why do birders neglect Sarawak? bring in can be a powerful stimulus for protecting That Sarawak is neglected is clear from an examination forests, wetlands and other important bird habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia
    World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site.
    [Show full text]