DOCSLIB.ORG

Article History Keywords Efficiency, Neonicotinoids, Sulfoxaflor, Sucking

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Article History Keywords Efficiency, Neonicotinoids, Sulfoxaflor, Sucking Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (1): 316 - 325 Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Effects of neonicotinoids and sulfoxaflor application against sucking pests infesting watermelon and their associated predators Ahmed, A. Barrania Plant Protection Research Institute, Etay El-Baroud, Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO Abstract: Article History Field studies were carried out during 2018 and 2019 summer Received: 1 / 2/ 2020 seasons, at Nubarya district, El-Beheira Governorate to evaluate the Accepted: 19/ 3/2020 effects of some neonicotinoid insecticides (Imidacloprid, clothianidin, Keywords thiamethoxam and acetamiprid) compared with sulfoxaflor, at Efficiency, recommended rates against sucking pests infesting watermelon and neonicotinoids, their associated predators. Results showed that, all treatments exhibited sulfoxaflor, sucking excellent and fast action activity against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) insects, predators (‎Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the least reduction percentages were and watermelon. recorded by acetamiprid at both seasons. Under the same conditions, neonicotinoid insecticides have toxic effect on predators; Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:‎Chrysopidae), Paederus alfierii Koch. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and Coccinella spp.) (‎Coleoptera‎: ‎Coccinellidae) while, sulfoxaflor has slightly toxic effect. The present study suggests neonicotinoid insecticides can be disruptive to natural and biological control by reducing insect predators populations, so the population of Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae) will be increased during both seasons. Yet, sulfoxaflor is also reported as being slightly harmful to biological control agents, it as a preferred insecticide, with less harmful effects on the fitness components of natural enemies, for integrated pest management of sucking insects (B. tabaci) on watermelon plantations. Introduction Watermelon, a popular summer Aleyrodidae) and Spodoptera sp. vegetable crop worldwide (Wu et al., (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae (Wu et 2014) is an important crop and provides al., 2012). The sweet potato whitefly, B. phytochemicals. However, watermelon is tabaci attacks watermelon and a wide susceptible to numerous diseases and range of other plant species and on a pests, such as Tetranychus urticae Koch. global scale. In addition to injuries from (Acari: Tetranychidae), Aphis direct feeding, problems from this pest gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), are intensified because its vectors Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (‎Hemiptera: 316 Barrania, 2020 over 100 plant viruses (Jones, 2003 and The sulfoximines are a new class of Simmons et al., 2010). As it is farmed insecticides targeting sap-feeding insects primarily by protected and successive including the aphids, whiteflies, hoppers, cultivation techniques, many pesticides and lygus (Nawaz et al., 2018; Babcock are required for the control of pests (Park et al., 2011 and Zhu et al., 2011), that are et al., 2010). resistant to other classes of insecticides, Neonicotinoid insecticides and that are resistant to the represent the fastest-growing class of neonicotinoids (Sparks et al., 2013). insecticides introduced to the market Sulfoxaflor is the initial compound in this since the launch of pyrethroids (Nauen class selected for commercial and Bretschneider, 2002) and are the development and is an agonist at insect most used class of insecticides for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors controlling sucking insects (Jiang et al., (nAChRs) (Liao et al.,2017; Watson et 2019). Neonicotinoids interfere with the al., 2017 and Sparks et al., 2013). Yet, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and sulfoxaflor is also reported as being therefore have specific activity against slightly harmful to biological control the insect nervous system (Maienfisch et agents, including Nesidiocoris tenuis al., 2001). It is considered an important (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), group of insecticides being used against Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) sucking insects for several years (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and Adalia (Muhammad et al., 2011), especially bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: active on hemipteran pest species such as Coccinellidae) (Sparks et al. ,2013; aphids, whiteflies, thrips, leaf miners and Wanumen et al., 2016 and Nawaz et al., plant hoppers, but also commercialized to 2018). control many coleopteran and some Therefore, two field experiments lepidopteran pest species (Elbert et al., were carried out during 2018 and 2019 1998 and Nauen et al., 2003). Due to the summer seasons, at Nubarya district, El- potent systemic characteristics, they can Beheira Governorate to evaluate the side be absorbed via the roots and transferred effect of sulfoxaflor and some to almost all parts of targeted crops neonicotinoids treatment against sucking (Jeschke and Nauen, 2008). But this pests infesting watermelon and their irreversible uniting effect may not vary associated predators at recommended much between target and non-target rates. species, inducing similar detrimental Materials and methods impacts on the biocontrol agents 1.Tested compounds: (predators) (Cloyd and Bethke, 2011). Sulfoxaflor (Closer 24% SC) was Currently, global concerns about the provided by Dow Agro Sciences Co., negative influence of neonicotinoids on Ltd. Imidacloprid (Gaucho® 70%WS) non-target organisms (particularly bees) was provided by Bayer Crop Science. and human have led to the regulation by Clothianidin (Supertox-1® 48%SC) was the European Union (EU) since 2013, to provided by Jiangs Jiag chemical industry date, the use of three typical Co. Ltd China. Thiamethoxam (Actara neonicotinoids i.e. imidacloprid, 25% WG) provided by Syngenta thiamethoxam and clothianidin has been Company. Acetamiprid (Mospilan 20% totally banned on field crops by EU SP) provided by Nippon Soda Chemical (Jiang et al., 2019). Industry Co. Ltd. 317 Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (1): 316 - 325 2. Field trials: aphid lion, C. carnea, the rove beetle, Field experiments were carried out Paederus alfierii and the lady birds, throughout two successive seasons (2018 Coccinella spp. were counted. Counts and 2019) during summer plantation in were done by the lenses in the early Nubarya district, El-Beheira Governorate. morning when flight activity is minimal These experiments were cultivated with according to Butler et al. (1988). watermelon. The experimental site was Percentage of pest reduction numbers divided into 24 plots, each plot 1/100 were calculated according to Henderson feddan (42m²). Randomized complete and Tilton equation (1955) and blocks design was used with four subjected to analysis of variance replicates for each treatment with the (ANOVA) (CoStat Statistical control plots. Field concentrations were software,1998). 40ml, 60gm, 1000ml, 60gm and Results and discussion 50gm/200 liter per feddan for sulfoxaflor, In this study, field evaluation of some imidacloprid, clothianidin, insecticides treatments against B. tabaci thiamethoxam, and acetamiprid, immature stages on watermelon respectively. The insecticides were plantation at 2018 and 2019 seasons was sprayed by Knapsack sprayer equipment carried out. The % reductions of B. (CP3). For counting the numbers of tabaci caused by sulfoxaflor, whiteflies, B. tabaci (immature stages), imidacloprid, clothianidin, and T. urticae, samples of 25 leaves thiamethoxam, and acetamiprid (from three different levels of the plants) formulation were summarized in Table were collected at random in the morning (1). Mean of % reduction was 95.47, for both diagonals of the inner square 95.35, 91.25, 92.87 and 85.25%, area of each experimental plot. Pre- respectively at 2018, while were 95.62, treatment counts were done in the early 91.17, 93.27, 92.97 and 79.72%, morning just before application while respectively at 2019 season. In both post-treatment counts were done on 1, 4, seasons, the highest reduction 7and 10 days after treatment. In the same percentages were achieved sulfoxaflor time, sample of 25 watermelon plants where the least reduction percentages were examined and the number of the were recorded by acetamiprid. Table (1): Efficacy of certain treatments against Bemisia tabaci immature stages on watermelon plantations. Season Tested Rate / %Reduction After compounds feddan 1-day 4-days 7-days 10-days Mean Sulfoxaflor 40ml 85.4 96.5 100.0 100.0 95.47a Imidacloprid 60g 88.5 94.5 98.4 100.0 95.35a Clothianidin 1000ml 82.2 92.3 96.5 94.0 91.25b Thiamethoxam 60g 81.5 94.2 97.4 98.4 92.87b 2018 Acetamiprid 50ml 77.4 85.1 88.7 89.8 85.25c Sulfoxaflor 40ml 88.1 94.4 100.0 100.0 95.62a Imidacloprid 60g 78.2 90.2 96.3 100.0 91.17a Clothianidin 1000ml 80.5 96.3 100.0 96.3 93.27a Thiamethoxam 60g 81.3 100.0 96.3 94.3 92.97a Acetamiprid 50ml 72.3 80.0 84.3 82.3 79.72b 2019 Means within the same column followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to the LSD0.05 for the same season. 318 Barrania, 2020 This result indicates that, C. carnea, P. alfierii and Coccinella spp. neonicotinoids provides excellent control caused by sulfoxaflor, imidacloprid, B. tabaci (Kuhar et al., 2002). clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and Muhammad et al. (2011 and 2013) acetamiprid. For C. carnea were 31.47, reported that, B. tabaci has developed 49.55, 47.67, 44.55 and 37.50%, resistance to some of neonicotinoids. respectively at 2018 and 30.15, 48.85, Sulfoxaflor is also effective against a 54.52, 43.10and 33.90%, respectively at wide range of sap-feeding
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Manual for Certificate Course on Plant Protection & Pesticide Management
    Manual for Certificate Course on Plant Protection & Pesticide Management (for Pesticide Dealers) For Internal circulation only & has no legal validity Compiled by NIPHM Faculty Department of Agriculture , Cooperation& Farmers Welfare Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Government of India National Institute of Plant Health Management Hyderabad-500030 TABLE OF CONTENTS Theory Practical CHAPTER Page No. class hours hours I. General Overview and Classification of Pesticides. 1. Introduction to classification based on use, 1 1 2 toxicity, chemistry 2. Insecticides 5 1 0 3. fungicides 9 1 0 4. Herbicides & Plant growth regulators 11 1 0 5. Other Pesticides (Acaricides, Nematicides & 16 1 0 rodenticides) II. Pesticide Act, Rules and Regulations 1. Introduction to Insecticide Act, 1968 and 19 1 0 Insecticide rules, 1971 2. Registration and Licensing of pesticides 23 1 0 3. Insecticide Inspector 26 2 0 4. Insecticide Analyst 30 1 4 5. Importance of packaging and labelling 35 1 0 6. Role and Responsibilities of Pesticide Dealer 37 1 0 under IA,1968 III. Pesticide Application A. Pesticide Formulation 1. Types of pesticide Formulations 39 3 8 2. Approved uses and Compatibility of pesticides 47 1 0 B. Usage Recommendation 1. Major pest and diseases of crops: identification 50 3 3 2. Principles and Strategies of Integrated Pest 80 2 1 Management & The Concept of Economic Threshold Level 3. Biological control and its Importance in Pest 93 1 2 Management C. Pesticide Application 1. Principles of Pesticide Application 117 1 0 2. Types of Sprayers and Dusters 121 1 4 3. Spray Nozzles and Their Classification 130 1 0 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) De La Localidad Cañón Del Novillo, Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie) HortaISSN 0065-1737et al.: Crabronidae de Tamaulipas, México Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.), 29(2): 376-387 (2013) CRABRONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) DE LA LOCALIDAD CAÑÓN DEL NOVILLO, VICTORIA, TAMAULIPAS, MÉXICO JORGE VÍCTOR HORTA-VEGA,1 MAXIMILIANO VANOYE-ELIGIO,2 MAURICIO EMANUEL GARCÍA-GUTIÉRREZ,1 JUANA MARÍA CORONADO-BLANCO3 & LUDIVINA BARRIENTOS-LOZANO1 1Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Victoria. Blvd. Emilio Portes Gil 1301 Pte. 87010 Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. <[email protected]> 2Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Carretera Mérida- Xmatkuil Km. 15.5. Apdo. Postal: 4-116. Itzimná, 97100. Mérida, Yucatán, México. <maximiliano_ [email protected]> 3Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, 87149 Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. <[email protected].> Horta-Vega, J. V., Vanoye-Eligio, M., García-Gutiérrez, M. E., Coronado-Blanco, J. M. & Barrientos-Lozano, L. 2013. Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) de la localidad Cañón del Novillo, Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 29(2): 376-387. RESUMEN. Se registran 67 especies y 23 géneros de Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) a partir de 339 ejem- plares recolectados en un área de 2.3 ha ubicada en una zona de matorral espinoso del Cañón del Novillo en Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. La alta riqueza de especies e índices de diversidad encontrados para este grupo es comparable con los de otros himenópteros en la misma localidad. Se reportan 10 nuevos registros de Crabronidae para el Estado de Tamaulipas sumando para la entidad 128 especies de esta familia de avispas solitarias.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Spheciform Wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia
    Checklist of the Spheciform Wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia Chris Ratzlaff Spencer Entomological Collection, Beaty Biodiversity Museum, UBC, Vancouver, BC This checklist is a modified version of: Ratzlaff, C.R. 2015. Checklist of the spheciform wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 112:19-46 (available at http://journal.entsocbc.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/894/951). Photographs for almost all species are online in the Spencer Entomological Collection gallery (http://www.biodiversity.ubc.ca/entomology/). There are nine subfamilies of spheciform wasps in recorded from British Columbia, represented by 64 genera and 280 species. The majority of these are Crabronidae, with 241 species in 55 genera and five subfamilies. Sphecidae is represented by four subfamilies, with 39 species in nine genera. The following descriptions are general summaries for each of the subfamilies and include nesting habits and provisioning information. The Subfamilies of Crabronidae Astatinae !Three genera and 16 species of astatine wasps are found in British Columbia. All species of Astata, Diploplectron, and Dryudella are groundnesting and provision their nests with heteropterans (Bohart and Menke 1976). Males of Astata and Dryudella possess holoptic eyes and are often seen perching on sticks or rocks. Bembicinae Nineteen genera and 47 species of bembicine wasps are found in British Columbia. All species are groundnesting and most prefer habitats with sand or sandy soil, hence the common name of “sand wasps”. Four genera, Bembix, Microbembex, Steniolia and Stictiella, have been recorded nesting in aggregations (Bohart and Horning, Jr. 1971; Bohart and Gillaspy 1985).
    [Show full text]
  • Arquivos De Zoologia MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
    Arquivos de Zoologia MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO ISSN 0066-7870 ARQ. ZOOL. S. PAULO 37(1):1-139 12.11.2002 A SYNONYMIC CATALOG OF THE NEOTROPICAL CRABRONIDAE AND SPHECIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA) SÉRVIO TÚLIO P. A MARANTE Abstract A synonymyc catalogue for the species of Neotropical Crabronidae and Sphecidae is presented, including all synonyms, geographical distribution and pertinent references. The catalogue includes 152 genera and 1834 species (1640 spp. in Crabronidae, 194 spp. in Sphecidae), plus 190 species recorded from Nearctic Mexico (168 spp. in Crabronidae, 22 spp. in Sphecidae). The former Sphecidae (sensu Menke, 1997 and auct.) is divided in two families: Crabronidae (Astatinae, Bembicinae, Crabroninae, Pemphredoninae and Philanthinae) and Sphecidae (Ampulicinae and Sphecinae). The following subspecies are elevated to species: Podium aureosericeum Kohl, 1902; Podium bugabense Cameron, 1888. New names are proposed for the following junior homonyms: Cerceris modica new name for Cerceris modesta Smith, 1873, non Smith, 1856; Liris formosus new name for Liris bellus Rohwer, 1911, non Lepeletier, 1845; Liris inca new name for Liris peruanus Brèthes, 1926 non Brèthes, 1924; and Trypoxylon guassu new name for Trypoxylon majus Richards, 1934 non Trypoxylon figulus var. majus Kohl, 1883. KEYWORDS: Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Crabronidae, Catalog, Taxonomy, Systematics, Nomenclature, New Name, Distribution. INTRODUCTION years ago and it is badly outdated now. Bohart and Menke (1976) cleared and updated most of the This catalog arose from the necessity to taxonomy of the spheciform wasps, complemented assess the present taxonomical knowledge of the by a series of errata sheets started by Menke and Neotropical spheciform wasps1, the Crabronidae Bohart (1979) and continued by Menke in the and Sphecidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Distribution of Hymenoptera Aculeata in Midwestern Brazilian Dry Forests
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264895151 Diversity and Distribution of Hymenoptera Aculeata in Midwestern Brazilian Dry Forests Chapter · September 2014 CITATIONS READS 2 457 6 authors, including: Rogerio Silvestre Manoel F Demétrio UFGD - Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados UFGD - Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados 41 PUBLICATIONS 539 CITATIONS 8 PUBLICATIONS 27 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Bhrenno Trad Felipe Varussa de Oliveira Lima UFGD - Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados 4 PUBLICATIONS 8 CITATIONS 8 PUBLICATIONS 8 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Phylogeny and Biogeography of genus Eremnophila Menke, 1964 (HYMENOPTERA: Sphecidae) View project Functional diversity, phylogeny, ethology and biogeography of Hymenoptera in the chacoan subregion View project All content following this page was uploaded by Rogerio Silvestre on 28 November 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 28 R. Silvestre, M. Fernando Demétrio, B. Maykon Trad et al. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH - PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS DRY FORESTS ECOLOGY, SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT FRANCIS ELIOTT GREER EDITOR Copyright © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Diversity and Distribution of Hymenoptera Aculeata ... 29 In: Dry Forests ISBN: 978-1-63321-291-6 Editor: Francis Eliott Greer © 2014 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 2 DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION
    [Show full text]
  • Rep12/Pr Joint Fao/Who Food Standards Programme
    E REP12/PR JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION 35th Session Geneva, Switzerland, 2 – 7 July 2012 REPORT OF THE 44th SESSION OF THE CODEX COMMITTEE ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES Shanghai, China, 23 - 28 April 2012 Note: This report includes Codex Circular Letter CL 2012/10-PR. E CX 4/40.2 CL 2012/10-PR May 2012 To: - Codex Contact Points - Interested International Organizations From: Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, E-mail: [email protected], Fax: +39 06 57054593) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy SUBJECT: DISTRIBUTION OF THE REPORT OF THE 44TH SESSION OF THE CODEX COMMITTEE ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES (REP11/PR) The report of the 44th Session of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues will be considered by the 35th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Rome, Italy, 2 – 7 July 2012). PART A: MATTERS FOR ADOPTION BY THE 35TH SESSION OF THE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION: 1. Draft Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides at Step 8 (paras. 28 - 85 and Appendix II); 2. Draft Revision to the Codex Classification of Food and Animal Feed (fruit commodity groups) at Step 8 (para. 107 and Appendix VIII); 3. Draft Principles and Guidance for the Selection of Representative Commodities for the Extrapolation of Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides to Commodity Groups (including Table 1: Examples of the selection of representative commodities - fruit commodity groups) at Step 8 (para. 127 and Appendix XI); and 4. Proposed Draft Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides at Step 5/8 (with omission of Steps 6/7) (paras.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticide Resistance in Bed Bugs Everywhere!!!!!
    2/24/2018 Pesticide Resistance in Bed bugs were virtually eradicated from the U.S. in Bed Bugs the post WWII era due to DDT and other powerful Shujuan (Lucy) Li insecticides. University of Arizona Alvaro Romero New Mexico State University 2 By the 1960s, bed bugs had developed resistance Public housing Apartments to DDT, methoxychlor and analogues, BHC, Schools dieldrin and analogues , and pyrethrins ( Busvine 1958, Hospitals Nursing homes Cwilich & Mer 1957, Mallis and Miller 1964 ) . Homes Transportation Child care Medical facilities Hotels & motels Health care facilities Airports Movie theaters Department stores Products, vendors, or commercial services mentioned or pictured in this seminar are for Everywhere!!!!! illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be endorsements. 3 4 University of Arizona; Arizona Pest Management Center 1 2/24/2018 Possible reasons for treatment failure? Missed some Clutter Reintroduction Have you seen these after treatments? 5 6 Dose - response assays for field - collected strains Bed bugs survived direct insecticide sprays 99 deltamethrin 90 Ft. Dix F1 50 ) e l a c 10 s t CIN1 i b o 1.0 r p ( y t i l a t r 99 - cyhalothrin o m e 90 g a t n Resistance ratio (RR) at least 6,000 !!! e c Ft. Dix r 50 e P 10 CIN1 Suspend® ( Deltamethrin ) 1.0 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Treatment (mg active ingredient/cm 2 ) Products, vendors, or commercial services mentioned or pictured in this seminar are for illustrative purposes only and are not meant Romero et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticide Residues in Food 2016 Joint
    412 ISSN 1014-11971014-1200 ISSN ISSN0259-2517 1020-055X 8 229 ESTUDIOESTUDIOƒTUDE FAOFAO BiotecnologíaEtudeTitle Spanish prospective agrícola INVESTIGACIÓNPRODUCCIîNFORæTSPLANT YPRODUCTION TECNOLOGIAY SANIDAD paradugdfgdfgdf secteur países sdforestier en desarrollo AND PROTECTIONANIMAL 141PAPER8 enJgfsdFFAO/WHOResultados Afrique de un foro electrónico Meetingf 229 Subtiltle 412 Pesticide residues in food 2016 – Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pest Rapport r gional Ð opportunit s et d s ˆ l'horizon 2020 En estaCe publicación rapport r gional se presenta de lÕEtude un informe prospective sobre du las secteur primerasBlurb TEXTforestier seis conferencias en Afrique fournitmediante une correo vue dÕensemble electrónico des The annualorganizadaspossibilit Joint s por oertesMeeting el Foro et ofelectrónicodes the d s FAO ˆ relever Panelde la FAOpour of Expertssobre Helveticarenforcer la biotecnologíaon boldla Pesticide contribution 8/12 Residuesen ladu alimentación secteur in Food forestier andy la agricultura,au the d veloppement Pesticide residues Environmentcelebradasdurable entre and de marzothe lÕAfrique, WHO de 2000 Core dans y Assessmentmayo le contexte de 2001. desGroup Todas changements on las Pesticideconferencias politiques Residues contaron et institutionnels, was con held un moderador, in Rome, d mographiques, duraron aproximadamenteItaly,conomiques, from 12 to dos 22technologiques Septembermeses y se centraron 2016. et environnementaux. The en FAOla biotecnología Panel Surof Experts la agrícola base dÕunhad en metlos examen países in preparatory de en lÕimpact desarrollo. des Las facteurs cuatro de sessionsprimeras fromchangement conferencias 08 to 11 et September destrataron sc narios de 2016. la probables, idoneidad The Meeting il para donne los was unepaíses held indication en in desarrollo pursuance de ce dequi las ofpourrait biotecnologíasrecommendations arriver dÕici actualmente ˆ 2020, si les in food 2016 madedisponibles bytendances previous en actuellesMeetingslos sectores persistent.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 Theinternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Was Established in 1980
    The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 cation Hazard of Pesticides by and Guidelines to Classi The WHO Recommended Classi The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 TheInternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) was established in 1980. The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organizations. The Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase international coordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organizations are: FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, World Bank and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification, 2019 edition ISBN 978-92-4-000566-2 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000567-9 (print version) ISSN 1684-1042 © World Health Organization 2020 Some rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticides & Pollinators
    INFORMATION FOR ACTION Pesticides & Pollinators There are a number of pesticides that when applied—either through seed ChemicalWATCH Stats — Neonicotinoids coating, drenching of the soil, or sprayed—enter the plant, move through CAS Registry Number: the vascular system and are expressed through pollen, nectar, or guttation • 105827-78-9 (imidacloprid) droplets. These “systemic” pesticides • 210880-92-5 (clothianidin) cause indiscriminate poisoning to in- • 153719-23-4 (thiamethoxam) sects, particularly pollinators, that for- • 111988-49-9 (thiacloprid) age through gardens, farms, roadsides, • 165252-70-0 (dinotefuran) parks, or meadows where these pesti- • 135410-20-7 (acetamiprid) cides have been used on the seed, seedling, or plant. • 150824-47-8 (nitenpyram) Chemical Class: Chloro-nicotinyl or nicotinoid Neonicotinoids1 Use: Broad spectrum insecticide in liquid, granular, and dust formulations, Neonicotinoids (neonics) are insecti- and seed coatings used for a wide range of insects, including soil insects, in cides similar to nicotine –that activate agricultural, garden, turf, and residential pest control. neuronal receptors and disrupt many Toxicity Rating: Moderately toxic sensory and cognitive processes in invertebrate organisms. The binding Signal Words: Caution, Warning of neonicotinoids to the receptor is irreversible in arthropods.2,3 Thus, they Health Effects: Linked to reproductive and mutagenic effects and is neurotoxic. are highly toxic to insects and other Environmental Effects: Highly toxic to bees and other beneficial
    [Show full text]
  • CERTIFIED CROP ADVISOR (CCA) RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE CCA Resistance Management Study Guide
    CERTIFIED CROP ADVISOR (CCA) RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE CCA Resistance Management Study Guide WRITERS Jocelyne Letarte François Tardif ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CropLife Canada would like to thank everyone who provided their time and expertise in the development of this guide. Appreciation is extended to Susan Fitzgerald and the Ontario Certified Crop Advisor Association for their collaboration throughout this process. P 2 Table of Contents PROFICIENCY AREA I COMPETENCY AREA 2 EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE Resistance Management 1. Develop a resistance management plan ........................... 46 COMPETENCY AREA 1 2. Discuss the roles that local situations and needs Development of Resistance play in the development of resistance 1. Discuss the biology of resistance evolution ....................... 4 management plans .................................................................52 2. Discuss how the following affect the development 3. Discuss the effects of resistance BMPs on stewardship and evolution of resistance ...................................................19 and production issues ...........................................................53 COMPETENCY AREA 2 Identifying Resistance PROFICIENCY AREA III PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION 1. Identify the possible reason(s) for pest AND SHARING INFORMATION control failures ........................................................................24 2. Identify the possible reasons for genetic plant and COMPETENCY AREA 1 trait resistance failures ..........................................................24
    [Show full text]
  • Sulfoxaflor Degraded by Aminobacter Sp. CGMCC 1.17253 Through
    pubs.acs.org/JAFC Article Sulfoxaflor Degraded by Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 through Hydration Pathway Mediated by Nitrile Hydratase Wen-Long Yang, Zhi-Ling Dai, Xi Cheng, Ling Guo, Zhi-Xia Fan, Feng Ge,* and Yi-Jun Dai* Cite This: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2020, 68, 4579−4587 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Sulfoxaflor, a sulfoximine insecticide, could efficiently control many insect pests of sap-feeding. Microbial degradation of sulfoxaflor and the enzymatic mechanism involved have not been studied to date. A bacterial isolate JW2 that transforms sulfoxaflor to X11719474 was isolated and identified as Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253. Both the recombinant Escherichia coli strain harboring the Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 nitrile hydratase (NHase) gene and the pure NHase acquired sulfoxaflor- degrading ability. Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 NHase is a typical cobalt-containing NHase content of subunit α, subunit β, and an accessory protein, and the three-dimensional homology model of NHase was built. Substrate specificity tests showed that NHase catalyzed the conversion of acetamiprid, thiacloprid, indolyl-3-acetonitrile, 3-cyanopyridine, and benzonitrile into their corresponding amides, indicating its broad substrate specificity. This is the first report of the pure bacteria degradation of the sulfoxaflor residual in the environment and reveals the enzymatic mechanism mediated by Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253. KEYWORDS: insecticide, biodegradation, Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253, sulfoxaflor, nitrile hydratase ■ INTRODUCTION 3-yl]ethanol}, X11719474 [N-(methyl(oxido){1-[6- fl fl (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-k4-sulfanylidene)urea], Sulfoxa or (SUL, X14422208, [N-[methyloxido[1-[6-(tri uor- fl omethyl)-3-pyridinyl] ethyl]-λ4-sulfanylidene] cyanamide]) is X11519540 {[5-(1-methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2-(tri uoromethyl)- pyridine}, X11579457 ({5-[1-(S-methylsulfonimidoyl)ethyl]}- a novel sulfoximine insecticide.
    [Show full text]