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ATT FORMA TILLVARON Konstruktivism Som Konstnärligt Yrkesarbete Hos Geraldo De Barros, Lygia Pape Och Lygia Clark OSCAR SVANELID

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ATT FORMA TILLVARON Konstruktivism Som Konstnärligt Yrkesarbete Hos Geraldo De Barros, Lygia Pape Och Lygia Clark OSCAR SVANELID ATT FORMA TILLVARON Konstruktivism som konstnärligt yrkesarbete hos Geraldo de Barros, Lygia Pape och Lygia Clark OSCAR SVANELID SÖDERTÖRN DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS ATT FORMA TILLVARON Konstruktivism som konstnärligt yrkesarbete hos Geraldo de Barros, Lygia Pape och Lygia Clark OSCAR SVANELID Södertörns hgskola Ämne: Konstvetenskap Forskarutbildningsområde: Kritisk kulturteori Baltic and East European Graduate School Sdertrns hgskola (Sdertörn University) Biblioteket SE-141 89 Huddinge www.sh.se/publications © Oscar Svanelid Omslagsbild: Snickare vid arbetsbänken i Unilabors verkstad, 1950-tal. Foto: Geraldo de Barros, Omslag: Jonathan Robson Grafisk form: Per Lindblom & Jonathan Robson Tryckt hos Elanders, Stockholm 2021 Sdertrn Doctoral Dissertations 189 ISSN 1652–7399 ISBN 978-91-89109-59-9 (print) ISBN 978-91-89109-60-5 (digital) Abstract This dissertation examines artistic translations of constructivism by the Brazilian artists Geraldo de Barros (1923–1998), Lygia Pape (1927–2004) and Lygia Clark (1920–1988) using the theoretical perspectives of anthro- pophagy and biopolitics. Previous research has addressed artworks of Brazilian constructivism, a movement which over the last few decades has been canonised as part of a multiple, global modernism. The dissertation shifts the focus to the idea of art-as-labour, which had been central for Soviet constructivists in the 1920s, and the various ways in which this idea reappeared in the practices of these three Brazilian artists. The focal points are 1) de Barros’ work as an administrator and designer at the Catholic working cooperative Unilabor in São Paulo (1954–1964), 2) Pape’s teaching at the Santa Úrsula School of Architecture (1971–1985) during the Brazilian military dictatorship, and 3) Clark’s therapeutic method Estruturação do Self (1976–1988), which she practised at her home clinic and then en- deavoured to integrate into the mental health care system in Rio de Janeiro. These examples of artistic labour are viewed as instances, as well as thres- holds, of a historical process in which constructivists have sought to embed art within the biopolitical field. Furthermore, the dissertation demonstrates how de Barros, Pape and Clark infused multiple aspects of human existence into their work, such as sensibility, religious beliefs, object relations, socio- political concerns, extrasensory perception and interspecies communica- tion. It is further suggested that when Brazilian artists translated construc- tivism, they added concerns that have deeply altered this artistic movement and its attempts to transfigure life. Keywords: Constructivism, biopolitics, labour, Brazilian art, artistic trans- lations, anthropophagy, multiple modernisms, pedagogical turn, art and community, art and therapy, Geraldo de Barros, Lygia Pape, Lygia Clark, Michel Foucault. Innehåll Frord .......................................................................................................................... 11 Inledning ..................................................................................................................... 13 Syfte och frågeställningar .................................................................................... 18 Allmänhistoriska definitioner av konstruktivism ........................................... 19 Teoretiska utgångspunkter och nyckelbegrepp ............................................... 23 Antropofagi som versättningsteori ............................................................23 Konstnärligt yrkesarbete ............................................................................... 28 Konst och biopolitik ...................................................................................... 30 Metod..................................................................................................................... 33 Att gra något med materialet: tolkning och reflektion............................33 Arkivstudier.................................................................................................... 36 Intervjuer och deltagande introspektion .................................................... 37 Urval och material, samt etiska hänsynstaganden .......................................... 39 Forskningsläget..................................................................................................... 40 Geraldo de Barros, Lygia Pape och Lygia Clark ........................................ 43 Disposition............................................................................................................ 45 Konstnärspresentationer..................................................................................... 46 Geraldo de Barros .......................................................................................... 46 Lygia Pape ....................................................................................................... 48 Lygia Clark ...................................................................................................... 50 1. Kristet snickeri: Geraldo de Barros på arbetarkooperativet Unilabor ............................................. 53 Unilabor: Konkretism som andligt arbete ........................................................ 55 Den katolska verkstaden ............................................................................... 58 Arbetarkristus................................................................................................. 63 Geraldo de Barros anställning och arbetsuppgifter .................................. 66 Fretagsnamn och logotyp ........................................................................... 68 Mbeltillverkning som askes .............................................................................. 72 Transparens och självrannsakan .................................................................. 76 Systematiserad personlighet ......................................................................... 79 Industrialisering och arbetarkultur ............................................................. 82 Ikoniska mbler .................................................................................................... 90 Den goda produkten ...................................................................................... 92 Stolens guide till paradiset.............................................................................98 Produktens makt ............................................................................................ 99 Snickarnas maktvertagande ............................................................................ 102 2. Antropofagt lärande: Lygia Pape på Museu de Arte Moderna och Santa Úrsula ................................. 105 Neokonkretism och ett frändrat politiskt klimat ........................................ 106 Konst som undervisning ................................................................................... 108 Skapande sndagar på Museu de Arte Moderna i Rio de Janeiro ........ 110 Papes lektioner på museet .......................................................................... 114 Pape på Santa Úrsula ......................................................................................... 116 Kursupplägg och mål ................................................................................... 118 Exkursioner i staden .......................................................................................... 122 Centrum–periferi: en pendling .................................................................. 122 Postmodern konstruktivism ....................................................................... 125 Antropofag kunskap och favelan som idyll .............................................. 128 Sknmålad fattigdom eller antirasistisk biopolitik? ................................ 131 Hemmabyggen ................................................................................................... 136 Handfast utopi.............................................................................................. 139 Tektonik som vilja till gemenskap ............................................................. 143 Mutirão...........................................................................................................145 Avbildning och representation......................................................................... 148 Studentdrmmar om en kritisk offentlighet.............................................152 3. Rekonstruerat liv: Lygia Clarks Estruturação do Self ........................................................................... 159 Neokonkretism och psykologi .......................................................................... 161 Interaktioner mellan konst och psykologi i Brasilien..............................164 Estruturação do Self: Fortlevnad och institutionalisering .......................168 Estruturação do Self: Situation, objekt, relation ............................................. 173 Kättersk moderlighet....................................................................................177 Kroppen och konsten ........................................................................................ 182 Avväpning och fantasmagori ......................................................................184 Konstruktivismens nya (icke-)människa ........................................................ 189 Regression: Fdelse och graviditet .............................................................189 Metamorfos....................................................................................................194
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