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Female Administrators of the Third Reich, Palgrave Studies in the History of Genocide, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54893-1 228 GLOSSARY of GERMAN TERMS and ORGANISATIONS

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GLOSSARY OF GERMAN TERMS AND ORGANISATIONS Anfangs-Stenotypist Trainee typist Aufseherin/nen Female concentration camp guard/s Auslandsorganisation NSDAP organisation for party members living outside of the Third Reich Ausrottung Annihilation Blitzmädchen Lightening girl; nickname given to Nachrichtenhelferinnen Bund Deutscher Frauenvererine (BDF) League of German Women’s Organisations Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM) League of German Girls Deutsch-Kolonialer Frauenbund German Colonial Women’s league Deutschblütigen Full-blooded Germans Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF) German Labour Front Deutsche Jugend (DJ) German Youth movement Deutsches Afrika Korps German Africa Corps (later known as the Panzer Armee Afrika) Deutschtum Germanness Dienstverweigerung Denial of service Einsatzkommando A sub-group of five Einsatzgruppen, mobile killing units Fernschreiberin Teleprinter operator Flakhelferin Female anti-aircraft auxiliary Flintenweiber Gun woman Frauendienst Women’s service Führeranwärterin Female candidate for leader Führerin Female leader (continued ) © The Author(s) 2017 227 R. Century, Female Administrators of the Third Reich, Palgrave Studies in the History of Genocide, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54893-1 228 GLOSSARY OF GERMAN TERMS AND ORGANISATIONS (continued) Führernotiz Note from the Führer Führerpaket Gift sent to families of those supporting the war effort Gauleiter Regional leader Gefälligkeitspässen Passports of convenience Geheimraum Secret room Geheimnisträgerin Female keeper of secrets Gemeinnützige Stiftung für Literally: ‘Charitable Foundation for Anstaltspflege Institutional Care’; a euphemistic name for T4 programme Generalgouvernement The German name for General Government, an area of occupied Poland during the Second World War. Gerichts-SS-Führer SS Court Leader Gestapo Secret State Police Goldenen Ehrenzeichen (Austrian) Decoration of Honour in Gold Greuelpropaganda Atrocity propaganda Großdeutsches Reich Greater German Reich Heeresschule Army school Heimkehrer Home comer, term given to returning prisoners of war; this term had also been applied to Volksdeutsche brought back into the Third Reich Heimkehrergesetz Home-coming law Heimleiterin Matron Helferin/nen Female auxiliary/ies Höheren SS- und Polizeiführers High SS and Police leader Judenreferat Department for Jewish Affairs, IVB4 of RSHA Jugendorganisation des Jungdeutschen Youth Organisation of the Young German Ordens Order Jungmädel (JM) Young Girls Kennbuch ID book Klappenschränken Telephone switchboards Kraft durch Freude ‘Strength through Joy’; an organisation promoting communal leisure activities Kriegshilfsdienst War Auxiliary Service Landdienst Land service Lastenausgleichgesetz System of financial compensation for losses suffered in the Second World War Lebensborn Literally: Spring of Life; an organisation providing assistance for unmarried mothers Liquidierungen Liquidation GLOSSARY OF GERMAN TERMS AND ORGANISATIONS 229 (continued) Mädchen für alles Girl for all (a ‘gofer’) Mischlinge Literally: cross-breed; used by the Nazis to denote those with one or two Jewish grandparents Mitläufer Literally: fellow-traveller Nachrichtendienst Communications service Nachrichtenhelferinnen- Nachrichtenhelferinnen training divisions Ausbildungsabteilungen Nachrichtenhelferinnen des Heeres Female communication auxiliaries of the army Nachrichtenmann Male communications worker Nachrichtenoffizier Communications officer Nachrichtentruppe Communications troops Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt Nazi People’s Welfare Organisation (NSV) Nördischen Völker Northern peoples/race NS-Frauenschaft National Socialist Women’s League Oberführerin Upper female leader Oberhelferinnen Female head auxiliaries Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) High Command of the Army Organisation Todt Construction arm of the Wehrmacht Osteinsatz Service in the East Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt (RuSHA) Race and Settlement Main Office Rassenkunde Racial Studies Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD) Reich Labour Service Reichsausschuß zur Erfassung von erb- Literally: ‘Reich Committee for the detection anlagenbedingte Leiden of hereditary and related ailments’; euphemistic name for the T4 programme Reichsführer-SS SS Reich leader; title given to Heinrich Himmler Reichsgebiet Reich territory Reichskommissariat Reich commissariat Reichsmütterdienst (RMD) Reich mothers’ service Reichspost Reich postal service Reichsreferentin Female speaker/lecturer Reichsschule-SS SS Reich school Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) Reich Security Main Office Schreibtischtäter Desk-bound perpetrators Schutzhaft Protective custody Schutzhaft von Juden Protective custody of Jews Siberheitsdienst (SD) Security Service Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) Security Police Silberspange Silver buckle; awarded to SS-Helferinnen (continued ) 230 GLOSSARY OF GERMAN TERMS AND ORGANISATIONS (continued) Sonderbehandlung Literally: special treatment; euphemism for murder in concentration camps Sonderbehandlungsanordnungen Literally: special treatment arrangements Sonderkommando Special Action Unit Spätheimkehrer Late home comer SS-Chef des Fernmeldewesens Chief of Communications SS-Helferinnen SS female auxiliaries SS-Helferinnenkorps SS female auxiliary corps SS-Oberabschnitt SS senior district SS-Reichsarzt SS physicians SS-Reichsschule für Leibeserziehung SS empire school of Physical Education SS-Sippengemeinschaft SS clan community Stabshelferinnen Female staff auxiliaries Stillen Hilfe für Kriegsgefangene und Literally: Silent Assistance for Prisoners of War Internierte and Interned Persons; a covert aid organisation Täterforschung Perpetrator research Tiergartenstrasse 4 (T4) Name of the ‘Euthanasia’ programme Traditionstreffen der Traditional meeting of the Army Nachrichtenhelferinnen des Heeres Nachrichtenhelferinnen Trostbriefe Letters of consolation Umwandererzentralstelle Central Emigration Office Vernichtung Extermination Volksdeutsche Ethnic Germans Volksgemeinschaft People’s community Vorläufige Einsatzordung für Initial operational orders for SS auxiliaries SS-Helferinnen Waffen-SS Armed SS Wehrmacht German armed forces Wehrmachtangestellte Employee of the army Wehrmachtshelferinnen Female auxiliaries of the German armed forces Weibliche Pflichtjahr Civil year of duty for women Weibliches Nachrichtenkorps (WNK) Female Communications Corps Westeinsatz Service in the West Wirtschaftsverwaltungshauptamt Economy Administration Main Office of the SS (WVHA) Zentrale Stelle der Central Office of the Judicial Authorities for Landesjustizverwaltungen zur the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes Aufklärung Nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen Zweitfrau Second (and illegitimate) wife SS RANKS SS Rank British Equivalent SS-Schütze Private SS-Oberschütze – SS-Sturmmann Lance Corporal SS-Rottenführer Corporal SS-Unterscharführer Sergeant SS-Scharführer Staff Sergeant SS-Oberscharführer Warrant Officer II SS-Hauptscharführer – SS-Sturmscharführer Warrant Officer I SS-Untersturmführer 2nd Lieutenant SS-Obersturmführer Lieutenant SS-Hauptsturmführer Captain SS-Sturmführer Major SS-Obersturmbannführer Lieutenant Colonel SS-Standartenführer Colonel SS-Oberführer – SS-Brigadeführer Brigadier SS-Gruppenführer Major General SS-Obergruppenführer Lieutenant General SS-Oberstgruppenführer General Reichsführer-SS – Führer – Source: Gordon Williamson, The Waffen-SS (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003), p. 5. © The Author(s) 2017 231 R. Century, Female Administrators of the Third Reich, Palgrave Studies in the History of Genocide, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54893-1 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES PRIMARY SOURCES Archives Bundesarchiv (BArch) (Berlin) Einwandererzentralstelle Files: EWZ-Baltikum H50 Female Files: FS A0004 National Socialist Files: Marriage Files: NS 2/174-NS 2/181 NS 2/228-NS 2/248 NS 3/1125 NS 3/1738 NS 6/331 NS 6/333 NS 6/340 NS 19/401 NS 19/577 NS 19/752 NS 19/892 NS 19/1887 NS 19/2916 NS 19/3031 NS 19/3334 NS 19/3480-NS 19/3484 NS 19/3602 NS 19/3978 NS 19/4087 NS 21/241 Frauenschaft Files: NS 19/1963 NS 19/2014 © The Author(s) 2017 233 R. Century, Female Administrators of the Third Reich, Palgrave Studies in the History of Genocide, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54893-1 234 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES Wehrmachtshelferinnen Files: NS 32-II/1-NS 32-II/21 NS 32-II/56 NS 41/122 NS 47/41 NS 47/48 NS 47/51-NS 47/52 NS 47/62 NS 47/65 NS 47/69 Party Correspondence: PK D0388 PK J0173 RuSHA Marriage Files: R 36/10001-R 36/10021 R 43-II/666c R 55/601 R58/27 R 58/259 R3901/20029 RL 7/547a RS A525 RS D0008 RS D490 RS D5445 RS D5128 RS E5553 RS F5242 RS G425 RS G5485 SS Female Personnel Files: SF A0001-SF A0049 SF B0001-SF B0050 SS Male Personnel Files: SM A0003 SM A0011 SM A0012 SM E0037 SM F0061 SM S0072 SS 005A SS 135 SS 148B SS 240A SS 260A SS 345A SS 349A SS 387A Bundesarchiv (BArch) Ludwigsburg – LB Post-war statements by former secretaries of the RSHA: B162/1602 – Getraud F. B162/3233 – Barbara Hellmuth, Eva S., Anni S., Erna S. B162/3234 – Gerda C. B162/4162 – Erika A., Liesbeth B., Heinz B., Ingeburg B. B162/4168 – Elsa H., Hildegard vom H., Hildegard J. B162/4169 – Gisela K., Marie K., Gertrud K., Adele K. B162/4170 – Herta M., Marianne M., Elisabeth M. B162/4173 – Ingeborg S., Margarete R., Ursula R., Elly S., Herta S. B162/4174 – Susanne S., Ruth T., Hildegard T., Ingeborg We., Ingeborg W. B162/4339 – Gertrud K., Ursula K., Irmgard S., Erika S., Irmgard R., Ida W. B162/4428 – Erich B., Edith A., Elfriede R. B162/4553 – Liesbeth B., Elli B., Ottilie B., Gertrud B., Waleska B. B162/4555 – Ingeborg D., Helga D., Irene E., Grete F., Dorothea F., Ursula F., Ingeborg F., Gertrud F., Ilse F. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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    The Hidden® Child VOL. XXVII 2019 PUBLISHED BY HIDDEN CHILD FOUNDATION /ADL DESPITE ALL ODDS, THEY SURVIVED, PERSISTED — AND THRIVED DESPITE ALL ODDS, THEY SURVIVED, PERSISTED — AND THRIVED FROM HUNTED ESCAPEE TO FEARFUL REFUGEE: POLAND, 1935-1946 Anna Rabkin hen the mass slaughter of Jews ended, the remnants’ sole desire was to go 3 back to ‘normalcy.’ Children yearned for the return of their parents and their previous family life. For most child survivors, this wasn’t to be. As WEva Fogelman says, “Liberation was not an exhilarating moment. To learn that one is all alone in the world is to move from one nightmarish world to another.” A MISCHLING’S STORY Anna Rabkin writes, “After years of living with fear and deprivation, what did I imagine Maren Friedman peace would bring? Foremost, I hoped it would mean the end of hunger and a return to 9 school. Although I clutched at the hope that our parents would return, the fatalistic per- son I had become knew deep down it was improbable.” Maren Friedman, a mischling who lived openly with her sister and Jewish mother in wartime Germany states, “My father, who had been captured by the Russians and been a prisoner of war in Siberia, MY LIFE returned to Kiel in 1949. I had yearned for his return and had the fantasy that now that Rivka Pardes Bimbaum the war was over and he was home, all would be well. That was not the way it turned out.” Rebecca Birnbaum had both her parents by war’s end. She was able to return to 12 school one month after the liberation of Brussels, and to this day, she considers herself among the luckiest of all hidden children.