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(A) American Journal of the Medical Sciences (1829) (P (A) American Journal of the Medical Sciences (1829) (p. 193) There are … four ganglia, which belong exclusively to the organs of the senses; the opthalmic, auricular, spheno- palatine, (nasal,) and maxillary, (lingual,) ganglion, all of which are connective with the sympathetic nerve … (B) Atlas of Human Anatomy (“Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen”) (1841) Fig. 2 submandibular ganglion (s. lingual ganglion) (C) American System of Dentistry (1886) The submaxillary or lingual ganglion is situated above the deep portion of the submaxillary muco-salivary gland, close to the outer portion of the hyo-glossus muscle. It varies in shape and size, usually being triangular, but occasionally it is fusiform or plexiform, or absent altogether. (D) Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (1888) (p.115) On the upper anterior aspect of the sub-oesohageal ganglion is what may be called the lingual ganglion, from which arises the lingual nerve (l. n.), which supplies the lingus (l.). (E) Century Dictionary: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language (1889) Lingual ganglion, a swelling on the carotid plexus, in relation with the lingual … (F) Journal of Physiology (1890) – [J.N. Langley] (p. 126) … the chorda tympani proper has no connection with nerve cells of so-called sub-maxillary ganglion … this ganglion, with smaller ones scattered in chordo-lingual triangle, and small ganglia occurring outside hilus of sub- maxillary gland are, for much the greater part, on course of nerve fibers to sub-lingual gland, and that comparatively few of nerve fibers for sub-maxillary gland have nerve cells in their course before they enter hilus ... the name sub-maxillary ganglion should be given to collection of nerve cells present in hilus … what has been called sub-maxillary ganglion would more correctly be called sub-lingual ganglion. (G) Dictionary of Medical Science (1893) (p. 489) G. lingua’le mol’le, lingual ganglion. (H) Quain’s Elements of Anatomy (1985) The submaxillary or lingual ganglion (fig. 181, 7) is placed above the deep portion of the submaxillary gland, and is connected by anterior and posterior filaments with the lingual nerve, from which it thus appears to be suspended by a loop. It is … triangular or fusiform in shape. The cells of the ganglion are multipolar. Its hinder part receives branches from nerves which may be regarded as its roots, while from its fore and lower parts proceed the branches for distribution. A minute sublingual ganglion is described by some anatomists on the filaments passing from the lingual nerve to the sublingual gland (fig. 163; 181, 8) … (I) Huber GC (1896) J. Exp Med 1:281-294 It is necessary, in the first place, to state that it is not correct to speak of a submaxillary ganglion in the sense now generally used, for, as Langley has shown, there are found in the chorda-lingual triangle quite a large number of groups of ganglion cells; the so-called submaxillary ganglion is only one, perhaps the largest of this number … He further points out that these groups of ganglion cells have no connection with that portion of the chorda tympani which goes to the submaxillary gland … He suggests that “what has hitherto been called the submaxillary ganglion would more correctly be called the sublingual ganglion,” (J) Huber (1897) Lectures on the Sympathetic Nervous System. (p. 138) Ch. L. T., the chorda-lingual triangle (Langley), formed by the chorda tympani, the lingual nerve and the sub- maxillary duct. This triangle contains the sub-lingual ganglion (Sub. l. G). Sub. m. G., the sub-maxillary ganglion in the hilum of the sub-maxillary gland. The sympathetic neurons of the sub-lingual ganglion (sub. l. G.) and of the sub-maxillary ganglion (sub. m. G.) … The neuraxes of the sympathetic neurons of the sub-lingual ganglion accompany the ducts of the gland and end on the secreting cells. The neuraxes of the sympathetic cells of the sub-maxillary ganglion (sub. m. G.) accompany the sub-maxillary gland ducts and end on its secreting cells. (K) Lippincott’s Medical Dictionary (1897) Submaxillary … ganglion, a small fusiform, reddish ganglion situated between the mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles, outside the duct of Wharton : called also Submandibular ganglion and Lingual ganglion. (L) Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System (1909) (p. 124) The Sublingual Ganglion is a small body about the size of a pin-head, situated in the floor of the mouth, with the lingual nerve above and Wharton’s duct below. The Submaxillary Ganglion is a still more minute body, lying in the hilum of the submaxillary gland. The fibers that connect these ganglia with the central nervous system, arise in the nucleus of the facial nerve and reach the ganglia by way of the facial and chorda tympani nerves. The fibers from the sublingual ganglion join the lingual nerve and with this are distributed to the sublingual gland and its blood vessels and to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. (M) Glossary of eponyms Langley’s ganglion = portion of the submandibular ganglion in the submandibular gland (N) Crouse and Cucinotta (1965) Journal of Comparative Neurology 125:259-271 Some variation seems to exist among standard textbooks concerning the enumeration of ganglion cell aggregations in the submandibular region. Thus, in addition to submandibular ganglion, Langley’s, sublingual and lingual ganglia are often mentioned … the reason for this disparity became apparent. Both Langley (1890) [F] and Huber (1896) [I] described and clarified the position and terminology of the various ganglia located in the submandibular and sublingual regions. Langley stated … the name sub-maxillary ganglion should be given to the collection of nerve cells in the hilus [of the submandibular gland], and that what has hitherto been called the sub-maxillary ganglion would more correctly be called the sub-lingual ganglion.” Although the submandibular gland is located near the hilus, the term Langley’s ganglion is not meant, at least in current usage, to be synonymous with or include the cells of the submandibular ganglion. (O) Yamakado and Yohro (1977) Anatomy and Embryology 150:301-312 The submandibular ganglion is a plexus containing up to forty ganglia along the main and the smaller excretory ducts of the submandibular gland. … 1890), and the definition of the so-called "Langley's ganglion" is somewhat contradictory. It is considered as a ganglion in the hilus of the gland ... (P) Izumi and Karita (1994) Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 266:1517-1522 Fitgerald and Alexander (12) have previously reported that in the anterior two-thirds of the cat tongue the lingual ganglia can be assigened to the chorda lingual nerve and do not innervated glandular tissue of the tongue. Lingual ganglia are composed largely of parasympathetic neurons (6). (Q) Nosrat (1996) Journal of Comparative Neurology 376:587-602 Fig . 10 h. PGP 9.5-IR nerve cell bodies in a small lingual ganglion … (R) FMA ganglion (i) autonomic ganglion (i) parasympathetic ganglion (i) cranial parasympathetic ganglion (i) ciliary ganglion (i) pterygopalatine ganglion (i) otic ganglion (i) submandibular ganglion (i) sublingual ganglion (S) [medical dictionaries] submandibular ganglion (called also submaxillary ganglion) = an autonomic ganglion situated on the hyoglossus muscle above the deep part of the submandibular gland, received preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve by way of the chorda tympani, and sends postganglionic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands sublingual ganglion (Synonyms: ganglion sublinguale) = a tiny ganglion occasionally found anterior to the submandibular ganglion, of which it is a displaced portion; innervates the sublingual gland (T) [wikipedia] The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is part of the human autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. (The others are the otic ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and ciliary ganglion). .
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