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Društvena I Politička Zbivanja U Šibeniku U Razdoblju Od 1944. Do 1946

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Društvena I Politička Zbivanja U Šibeniku U Razdoblju Od 1944. Do 1946 SVEUČILIŠTE U ZADRU POSLIJEDIPLOMSKI SVEUČILIŠNI STUDIJ JADRAN - POVEZNICA MEĐU KONTINENTIMA Marijana Mikulandra, mag. hist. DRUŠTVENA I POLITIČKA ZBIVANJA U ŠIBENIKU U RAZDOBLJU OD 1944. DO 1946. Doktorski rad Zadar, 2019. SVEUČILIŠTE U ZADRU POSLIJEDIPLOMSKI SVEUČILIŠNI STUDIJ JADRAN - POVEZNICA MEĐU KONTINENTIMA Marijana Mikulandra, mag. hist. DRUŠTVENA I POLITIČKA ZBIVANJA U ŠIBENIKU U RAZDOBLJU OD 1944. DO 1946. GODINE Doktorski rad Mentor Doc. dr. sc. Zlatko Begonja Zadar, 2019. SVEUČILIŠTE U ZADRU TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA I. Autor i studij: Ime i prezime: Marijana Mikulandra Naziv studijskog programa: Poslijediplomski sveučilišni studij Jadran - poveznica među kontinentima Mentor: doc. dr. sc. Zlatko Begonja Datum obrane: 15. studenog 2019. Znanstveno područje i polje u kojem je postignut doktorat znanosti: humanističke znanosti, polje povijest. II. Doktorski rad Naslov: Društvena i politička zbivanja u Šibeniku u razdoblju od 1944. do 1946. godine UDK oznaka: 94(497.581.2 Šibenik)“1944/1946“ Broj stranica: 247 Broj slika: 25 /grafičkih prikaza: 6 / tablica: 0 Broj bilježaka: 539 Broj korištenih bibliografskih jedinica i izvora: bibliografskih jedinica: 68, izvora: 34 Broj priloga: 0 Jezik rada: hrvatski III. Stručna povjerenstva Stručno povjerenstvo za ocjenu doktorskog rada: 1. prof. dr. sc. Mithad Kozličić, predsjednik 2. doc. dr. sc. Zlatko Begonja, član 3. dr. sc. Mario Jareb, član Stručno povjerenstvo za obranu doktorskog rada: 1. prof. dr. sc. Mithad Kozličić, predsjednik 2. doc. dr. sc. Zlatko Begonja, član 3. dr. sc. Mario Jareb, član UNIVERSITY OF ZADAR BASIC DOCUMENTATION CARD I. Author and study Name and surname: Marijana Mikulandra Name of the study programme: Postgraduate University Study, Adriatic - Link among the Continents Mentor: Assistant professor Zlatko Begonja, PhD Date of the defence: November 15, 2019 Scientific area and field in which the PhD is obtained: area humanistic sciences - field history II. Doctoral dissertation Title: Social and political conditions in Šibenik in the period of 1944. to 1946. UDC mark: 94(497.581.2 Šibenik)“1944/1946“ Number of pages: 247 Number of pictures : 25 /graphical representations: 6 /tables: 0 Number of notes: 539 Number of used bibliographic units and sources: bibliographic units: 68, sources: 34 Number of appendices: 0 Language of the doctoral dissertation: Croatian III. Expert committees Expert committee for the evaluation of the doctoral dissertation: 1. Professor Mithad Kozličić, chair 2. Assistant professor Zlatko Begonja, PhD, member 3. Mario Jareb, PhD, member Expert committee for the defence of the doctoral dissertation: 1. Professor Mithad Kozličić, chair 2. Assistant professor Zlatko Begonja, PhD, member 3. Mario Jareb, PhD, member Izjava o akademskoj čestitosti Ja, Marijana Mikulandra, ovim izjavljujem da je moj doktorski rad pod naslovom Društvena i politička zbivanja u Šibeniku u razdoblju od 1944. do 1946. godine rezultat mojega vlastitog rada, da se temelji na mojim istraživanjima te da se oslanja na izvore i radove navedene u bilješkama i popisu literature. Ni jedan dio mojega rada nije napisan na nedopušten način, odnosno nije prepisan iz necitiranih radova i ne krši bilo čija autorska prava. Izjavljujem da ni jedan dio ovoga rada nije iskorišten u kojem drugom radu pri bilo kojoj drugoj visokoškolskoj, znanstvenoj, obrazovnoj ili inoj ustanovi. Sadržaj mojega rada u potpunosti odgovara sadržaju obranjenoga i nakon obrane uređenoga rada. Zadar, 2019. SADRŽAJ: PREDGOVOR III 1. UVOD 6 2. TEORIJSKO-METODOLOŠKI OKVIR 15 2.1. Pregled dosadašnjih spoznaja i istraživanja 16 3. ŠIBENIK POD UPRAVOM NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE 24 4. KRAJ VLASTI NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE I ULAZAK PARTIZANA U ŠIBENIK 43 5. DRUŠTVENO-POLITIČKE PRILIKE 1944. GODINE NA PODRUČJU GRADA ŠIBENIKA 59 6. KLASIFIKACIJA PARTIZANSKIH ZLOČINA IZ 1944. GODINE NA PODRUČJU GRADA ŠIBENIKA 79 6.1. Društvena struktura žrtava 94 7. DRUŠTVENO-POLITIČKE PRILIKE 1945. GODINE NA PODRUČJU GRADA ŠIBENIKA 124 8. KLASIFIKACIJA PARTIZANSKIH ZLOČINA IZ 1945. GODINE NA PODRUČJU GRADA ŠIBENIKA 143 8.1. Društvena struktura žrtava 164 9. DRUŠTVENO-POLITIČKE PRILIKE 1946. GODINE NA PODRUČJU GRADA ŠIBENIKA 173 10. KLASIFIKACIJA PARTIZANSKIH ZLOČINA IZ 1946. GODINE NA PODRUČJU GRADA ŠIBENIKA 184 10.1. Društvena struktura žrtava 194 11. MEĐUNARODNOPRAVNA KVALIFIKACIJA ZLOČINA 209 12. PRIKAZ PARTIZANSKIH ZLOČINA KROZ JAVNE MEDIJE 215 13. ZAKLJUČAK 225 I 14. IZVORI PODATAKA I BIBLIOGRAFIJA 231 15. SAŽETAK RADA I KLJUČNE RIJEČI 242 16. ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDS 243 17. POPIS KRATICA 244 18. KRATKI ŽIVOTOPIS AUTORICE 247 II PREDGOVOR Osnovni zadatak ovoga doktorskog rada je znanstvena analiza posebnog dijela prošlosti Šibenika u turbulentnom vremenu velikih povijesnih procesa u kojem su se sukobljavale antagonističke ideologije i interesi u završnici Drugog svjetskog rata, i neposredno nakon njegova završetka. Pola 20. stoljeća dogmatske historiografije u službi vladajuće ideologije rezultiralo je eksponencijalnom produkcijom radova u kojima je dominantan element subjektivan strukturalni prikaz općenarodne sloge u narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi i očuvanju njenih tekovina. Nedostaju prikazi partizanskih neuspjeha u ratnim operacijama, kao i propusta i negativnih pojava koje su uslijedile nakon dolaska partizana na vlast. Nabrojene perspektive i segmenti determinirali su spomenuti period kao izrazito bitno razdoblje važnih prijelaza i prijeloma, brojnih strujanja koja su rezultirala političkim, društvenim, vjerskim, gospodarskim i moralnim obratom na nacionalnoj i lokalnoj razini, koje nije dovoljno znanstveno tematizirano. Teoretski dosezi publiciranih radova na temu lokalnih prilika u Šibeniku tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata i neposredno nakon njegova završetka, koji su nastali u poslijeratnom razdoblju na prostoru socijalističke Jugoslavije, pisani su na ideološkim postavkama koje su proizlazile iz socijalističke ideologije. Trasirani od strane Komunističke partije Jugoslavije, ti radovi su zastarjeli bez nepristrane znanstvene analize. Prevladavajuća politička situacija i društvene promjene koje su je formirale utjecale su na mentalitet, okolinu i percepciju usmjeravajući društvenu dimenziju povjesničarova djelovanja. Dakle, proces povijesne spoznaje narušen je ideologijom te ekskluzivističkim i dogmatski intoniranim konceptima naracije, linearnog generaliziranog nabrajanja događaja. Pozicije povjesničara-istraživača narušene su ograničenjima ključnih elemenata znanstveno- istražnog postupka gdje su isključeni različiti inovativni i koncepcijski diferencirani modeli istraživanja. Važnost istraživanja ove teme prvenstveno treba promatrati kroz prizmu suvremene hrvatske povijesne znanosti koja se zadnjih godina otvara različitim pitanjima Drugog svjetskog rata i druge polovice 20. stoljeća. Novija istraživanja suvremene hrvatske povijesne znanosti imaju u svom fokusu nove znanstvene analize, korištenje novih izvora, zatim reinterpretaciju i revalorizaciju starijih historiografskih koncepata s pravilnim istraživačkim pitanjima koja bi mogla dovesti do istinitih i znanstvenih odgovora na cijeli splet neriješenih problema. To III jedino mogu riješiti povjesničari koji će nedogmatskim i znanstvenim integritetom krenuti u strukturalno teritorijalno i kronološko istraživanje manjih cjelina čiji će rezultat biti dobivanje potpune slike većih i širih zbivanja koje će pridonijeti nadilaženju prošlosti i okretanju budućnosti. Glavni razlozi zbog kojih bi odabrana tema bila interesantna za suvremenu hrvatsku historiografiju i povijesnu znanost su sljedeći: - S obzirom na to da je lokalna povijest Šibenika u razdoblju od 1944. do 1946. znanstveno neistražena i nepoznata, ovaj doktorski rad je prvo integralno izvorno znanstveno istraživanje društvenih pojava i procesa koji su se dogodili u tom periodu. Kao takav će popuniti postojeću prazninu. Nadam se da će potaknuti nova istraživanja koja bi trebala ponuditi dinamične i komparativne interpretacije lokalnih događaja i procesa koji su oblikovali početak stvaranja novog lokalnog socijalističkog ideološkog državnog sustava redefinirajući dosad najzastupljeniji prikaz jugoslavenske historiografije koji s dogmatskog aspekta anticipira linearnu i jednodimenzionalnu interpretaciju događaja. - Uvažavajući slobodu istraživanja istraživačkim procesom se nastojalo što više istražiti broj, sudbinu i društvenu strukturu žrtava i naredbodavaca odnosno počinitelja zločina što je izvoran doprinos hrvatskoj povijesnoj znanosti i iskazivanju poštovanja prema žrtvama i njihovim posljednjim počivalištima. U tom kontekstu i ova disertacija nastoji istražiti društvene i političke promjene na području grada Šibenika u razdoblju Drugog svjetskog rata u kojem su se događali najnegativniji oblici međuljudskog postupanja, zločina i povreda ljudskih prava iz praktičnih političkih razloga, koji su manje poznati i koji su dugo bili vrlo pažljivo skrivani. Suočavanje s lokalnom prošlošću, koje je sasvim izgubljeno negdje u represiji, a negdje u nostalgiji, i danas je otvoreno pitanje. Analiza otvorenih pitanja sveukupni je zadatak ovog doktorskog rada u kojem se suprotstavljaju različite interpretacije u preispitivanju lokalne prošlosti koja je dio mozaika raskomadanog nacionalnog društvenog tkiva. S obzirom na mnoge proturječnosti iz prošlosti čija je posljedica čitav niz objektivnih problema proces utvrđivanja umreženosti ili neumreženosti ukupnog sustava u kontekstu niza nedopuštenih i nečasnih zbivanja nije bio lak. Posebno se ima u vidu činjenica da se veći dio društvenih promjena provodio u vrijeme
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