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Austrian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Austrian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences № 7–8 2015 July–August «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH Vienna 2015 Austrian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Scientific journal № 7–8 2015 (July – August) ISSN 2310-5593 Editor-in-chief Petra Busch, Austria Consulting editors Jolanta Lewicka, Poland Rostislav Komarov, Russia International editorial board Egor Rachynski, Ukraine Natalia Bondarenko, Russia Rima Dzhansarayeva, Kazakhstan Nikolay Inshin, Ukraine Alajos Fazekas, Hungary Slavka Konstantinova, Bulgaria Tatiana Yashkova, Russia Jennifer Mathieson, Scotland Hong Han, China Alessandro Massaro, Italy Proofreading Kristin Theissen Cover design Andreas Vogel Additional design Stephan Friedman Editorial office European Science Review “East West” Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, Am Gestade 1 1010 Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.ew-a.org Austrian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences is an international, German/English/Russian language, peer-reviewed journal. It is published bimonthly with circulation of 1000 copies. The decisive criterion for accepting a manuscript for publication is scientific quality. All research articles published in this jour- nal have undergone a rigorous peer review. Based on initial screening by the editors, each paper is anonymized and reviewed by at least two anonymous referees. Recommending the articles for publishing, the reviewers confirm that in their opinion the submitted article contains important or new scientific results. Instructions for authors Full instructions for manuscript preparation and submission can be found through the “East West” Association GmbH home page at: http://www.ew-a.org. Material disclaimer The opinions expressed in the conference proceedings do not necessarily reflect those of the «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, the editor, the editorial board, or the organization to which the authors are affiliated. © «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Typeset in Berling by Ziegler Buchdruckerei, Linz, Austria. Printed by «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, Vienna, Austria on acid-free paper. Operation system of Biennale in contemporary cultural space Section 1. Study of art Ivanovska Nina Viacheslavovna, National Academy of Managerial Personnel of Culture and Art, post-graduate student E-mail: [email protected] Operation system of Biennale in contemporary cultural space Abstract: This article investigate the Biennale cultural space in Ukraine and around the world and it`s influence on contemporary art. Keywords: Biennale, contemporary, Venice, cultural space. Ивановская Нина Вячеславовна, Национальная академия руководящих кадров культуры и искусств, аспирантка E-mail: [email protected] Функционирование биеннале в современном культурном пространстве Аннотация: В этой статье исследуются способы функционирования биеннале в культурном пространстве Украины и в мире, и его влияние на современное искусство. Ключевые слова: биеннале, современность, Венеция, культурное пространство. Проблематика функционирования биеннале изуча- В украинском языке слово «биеннале» имеет два рода. ет искусство как феномен художественной культуры во Использование того или иного рода определяется в зави- многообразии его видовых, родовых, жанровых, стиле- симости от образующегося явления: выставки — женский вых, речевых проявлений и взаимоотношений искусства род или фестиваля — мужской род. с другими составляющими художественной культуры, Это слово имеет латинское происхождение и обозна- методами культурологического анализа феноменов ис- чает событие, происходящее дважды в год: «bi» — два кусства. Отдельные разработки в этой области были сде- «annus» — год (триеннале трижды в год). Сегодня это по- ланы исследователями в зарубежном (Борис Гройс, Иосиф нятие ассоциируется в первую очередь с международными Бакштейн, Даниель Бирнбаум, Яра Бубнова, Жан-Юбер выставками современного искусства, однако охватывает так- Мартен, Ханс-Ульрих Обрист и др) и в отечественном ис- же широкий спектор фестивалей, кино, театра, музыки, тан- кусствоведении (А. Саловйов, В. Бурлака, В. Сидоренко, ца, архитектуры и т. д., которые проходят каждые два года. А. Авраменко и другие). Целью статьи является выявле- Биеннале традиционно проходят в крупных горо- ние динамики становления и развития современных ху- дах — столицах и мировых культурных центрах. В сфере дожественно-зрелищных форм в проекции определения современного искусства биеннале — важное событие, их типологических и специфических черт и исследовать которое дает возможность художникам представить себя важность становления, функционирования и развития би- и свою страну на международной арене. За участие в биен- еннале в современном культурном пространстве. нале приглашены художники не получают зарплату. Биеннале — это масштабный международный фе- Каждый раз конкретная биеннале имеет официальную стиваль, который проходит раз в два года и объединяет тему, которой объединены все проекты, представленные в на одной территории искусство множество стран. На ее рамках. Сквозь призму этой темы биеннале представляет сегодня существует более двухсот биеннале по всему творчество своих соотечественников международной ауди- миру. И важно отметить, что в 2012 году Украина также тории и одновременно знакомит отечественную публику вошла в этот список. Ведь в нашей стране состоялась с мировым искусством. В подготовке и проведении такого Первая Международная биеннале современного искус- масштабного события участвует большое количество спе- ства «ARSENALE-2012». Этот проект стал знаковым не циалистов, однако ответственным за все является комиссар только для Украины, но и для других государств. биеннале. Ключевой же фигурой биеннале есть куратор, на 3 Section 1. Study of art роль которого избирается выдающаяся личность, художник пространства. Появились Московская биеннале, биенна- или искусствовед, известный своей деятельностью. Куратор ле в Екатеринбурге и другие. Состоялась Первая Киев- разрабатывает идею, тему и концепты биеннале, осущест- ская международная биеннале современного искусства вляет отбор участников, утверждает программу. Arsenale 2012. Ее куратор — Дэвид Эллиотт, комиссар — Обычно биеннале проходит не только в одной цен- Наталья Заболотная, генеральной директор Художествен- тральной локации, а по всему городу. Параллельные про- ного Арсенала, которая выступила инициатором биеннале граммы биеннале имеют целью оптимизировать деятель- и принимала выставку в своих стенах. В выставке приняли ность всех местных художественных институтов, чтобы участие более 100 звезд мировой арт-сцены из 30 стран биеннале стала настоящим культурным событием для го- мира, которые представили новейшие творческие на- рода. Продолжительность такого события — до несколь- правления и художественные тенденции мирового и от- ких месяцев. Сегодня в мире существует более шестидеся- ечественного искусства [3, 20–21]. ти художественных биеннале [1, 63–65]. В сфере современного искусства прецедент биенна- Первой и самой известной биеннале является Вене- ле — важное событие, которое дает возможность худож- цианская, основанная в 1895 году, как Международная никам представить себя и свою страну на международной художественная выставка города Венеции. Сегодня Ве- арене. Однако, это не только очень большая выставка нецианская биеннале является одной из главных в мире и искусства со многими участниками, это создание много- включает также ежегодный Венецианский кинофестиваль уровневого сложного культурного диалога, в котором и фестиваль архитектуры, который проходит в четные переплетаются, взаимодействуют, преломляются рефлек- года — художественная биеннале проходит в нечетные. сии насущных, важных общественно-культурных проблем. Идея создания Венецианской биеннале принадлежала Актуальность и значимость данного события заключа- консулу Венеции Рикардо Сельватико. Событие с годами ется в том, чтобы продемонстрировать отрасль современ- приобретала славы, в ней принимали участие все больше ной культуры, которая до сих пор не имела масштабного художников из других уголков мира, каждая страна пред- репрезентативного форума в Украине. И именно Первый ставляла свой павильон. И когда 1948 г., после шестилет- Украинский биенальний проект ARSENALE-2012 был него перерыва, к которой привела Вторая мировая война и призван заполнить существующую нишу, став аналогом трудности послевоенных лет, биеннале возобновила свою резонансных всемирно известных биеннале. Без сомнения, деятельность, ее значение и престиж приобрели всемир- организация такого масштабного события способствовала ного масштаба. Венецианская биеннале стала платформой укреплению статуса Киева как одной из культурных сто- для ведущих мировых художников. В разные годы курато- лиц мира, и стала чрезвычайно важным фактором для фор- рами Венецианской художественной биеннале были такие мирования образа Украины как мощного цивилизованного выдающиеся личности, как Акила Бонито Олива, Жан государства [4, 90–91]. Клер, Франческо Бонами и другие. Исследуя актуальность функционирования биеннале в Второй, после Венецианской появилась биенна- современном культурном пространстве важно рассмотреть ле в Сан-Пауло
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