About the Editors

Editor-in-Chief Associate Editors

Jay S. Albanese is a Professor and Criminolo- Christina Barnes Arrington received her PhD gist in the Wilder School of Government and from Virginia Commonwealth University (Rich- Public Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth Uni- mond, VA) in 2009. She is currently Senior versity (VCU). He was the first PhD graduate Methodologist at the Virginia State Crime Com- from the School of Criminal Justice at Rutgers mission and is an adjunct criminal justice faculty University. member at Virginia Commonwealth University Dr Albanese served as Chief of the Interna- in the L. Douglas Wilder School of Government tional Center at the National Institute of Justice and Public Affairs. Her primary research inter- (NIJ), the research arm of the US Department ests include campus crime and victimization, of Justice, for four years. In this capacity, he police stress and subculture, and the intersec- was responsible for development of transnational tion between race/ethnicity and victimization. Dr crime and justice research projects, and coor- Barnes has published articles in journals such dination with United Nations efforts in these as Administrative Theory and Praxis, Journal of areas. Criminal Justice Education,andFederal Probation, Dr Albanese has written and edited 15 books, 70 as well as several book chapters and reviews. She articles and book chapters, and has made keynote received her MS in Criminal Justice from Virginia and invited presentations in 15 countries. Recent Commonwealth University and BS from Lake Erie books include: Transnational Crime and the 21st College (Painesville, OH). Century (Oxford University Press, 2011), Pro- Anita N. Blowers received her PhD in Crimi- fessional Ethics in Criminal Justice: Being Ethical When No One is Looking (Prentice Hall, 3rd edn, nal Justice from the University at Albany, SUNY. 2012), Organized Crime in Our Times (Elsevier, She is an Associate Professor in the Department 6th edn, 2011). of Criminal Justice & Criminology, Core Faculty Dr Albanese is recipient of the Elske Smith Dis- in the Gerontology Program, and Affiliated Fac- tinguished Lecturer Award from Virginia Com- ulty in the Doctoral Public Policy Program at monwealth University, the Scholar Award in the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Criminal Justice from the Virginia Social Sci- Her current research focuses on older offenders ence Association, and the Gerhard Mueller Award and the criminal justice system, elder abuse and from the International Section of the Academy neglect, sentencing, criminal justice policy, and of Criminal Justice Sciences. He has served as the scholarship of teaching and learning. She has Executive Director of the International Associa- published numerous book chapters and scholarly tion for the Study of Organized Crime, President articles in journals such as Criminology, Justice of the White Collar Crime Research Consor- Quarterly, Journal of Criminal Justice Education, tium, and is a past President and Fellow of Journal of Crime and Justice, Journal of First Year the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. He and Students in Transition, Journal of Learning is currently Chair of the American Society of Community Research. Criminology’s Division of International Crim- Pauline K. Brennan received her PhD in Crimi- inology. nal Justice from the University at Albany, SUNY, viii About the Editors and is an Associate Professor and the Doc- and Forensic Sciences. Previous academic posts toral Program Chair for the School of Crim- include Professor and Dean of the School of Grad- inology and Criminal Justice at the University of uate Studies and Research (Cal U), Professor and Nebraska–Omaha. Her areas of research include Chair of the Department of Justice, Law & Society inequity in court processing, corrections policy, at Cal U, and criminal justice instructor at Vir- and issues related to adult-female offenders and ginia Commonwealth University. Dr Cencich’s victims. She has published papers on the com- teaching, public service, and scholarship focus bined effects of race/ethnicity and sex on court on international crime and security, forensic law, processing outcomes, media depictions of offend- organized crime, and advanced criminal investi- ers, correctional policies for female offenders, and gations. He is an active consultant in these areas the challenges of service delivery for immigrant for the United Nations, the US Department of victims of domestic violence. Justice, and many state and local prosecutors and law enforcement agencies. He currently serves as Mary P. Brewster is a Professor of Criminal Jus- Vice Chair of the Law & Public Policy Section tice at West Chester University of Pennsylvania. of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences and She has authored book chapters, scholarly journal as Vice Chair of the International Section. After articles, and other publications related to intimate 20 years in local, state, and federal law enforce- partner violence, stalking, animal cruelty, and a ment, he served a four-year appointment with the number of other topics. She has also edited a book United Nations as a senior war crimes investiga- entitled Stalking: Psychology, Risk Factors, Inter- tor at The Hague, investigating war crimes and ventions, and Law (Civic Research Institute, 2003) crimes against humanity. He holds a law degree and co-edited another, Animal Cruelty: An Inter- from the University of Kent at Canterbury, a disciplinary Approach (Carolina Academic Press, Master’s degree in Criminal Justice from Virginia 2013). Other research areas include specialized Commonwealth University, and a doctorate in courts, sex offender registries, juvenile drug and Juridical Science from the University of Notre alcohol programs, gambling addiction, and media Dame. He is the author of The Devil’s Garden: A and crime. War Crimes Investigator’s Story (Potomac Books, Jeffrey B. Bumgarner is an Associate Professor 2013). of Criminal Justice at the University of Min- AnnMarie Cordner is an Assistant Professor of nesota, Crookston. In addition to his many years Criminal Justice at Kutztown University of Penn- of college teaching in criminal justice and pub- sylvania. In addition to teaching, she has worked lic administration, he has several years of law as a criminal justice planner for the Common- enforcement experience as a deputy sheriff, fed- wealth of Kentucky. Dr Cordner’s research and eral agent, and police chief. Dr Bumgarner is teaching interests include capital punishment, the author or co-author of five books, includ- criminal justice education, research methods, and ing Federal Law Enforcement: A Primer (Carolina criminal justice issues in rural areas. Academic Press), Emergency Management (ABC- CLIO), Icons of Crime Fighting (Greenwood), Mary Dodge earned her PhD in 1997 in Crimino- Federal Agents: The Growth of Federal Law Enforce- logy, Law, and Society from the School of Social Ecology at the University of California–Irvine. ment in America (Praeger), and Profiling and She received her BA and MA in Psychology from Criminal Justice in America (ABC-CLIO). Dr the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. Bumgarner is the co-author of two forthcom- She is a full Professor and Director of the Master’s ing books: Minnesota’s Criminal Justice System of Criminal Justice Program at the University of (Carolina Academic Press) and Probation, Parole, Colorado Denver in the School of Public Affairs. and Community Corrections (Prentice Hall, 7th Her articles have appeared in the American Jour- edn). nal of Criminal Justice, Women & Criminal Justice, John Robert Cencich is a Legal Scientist and Pro- Contemporary Issues in Criminology, International fessor of Criminal Justice at California University Journal of the Sociology of Law, The Prison Journal, of Pennsylvania (Cal U). He also serves as Director Police Quarterly, Journal of Contemporary Crimi- of the Pennsylvania Institute of Criminological nal Justice, and the Encyclopedia of White-Collar About the Editors ix and Corporate Crime. She and Gilbert Geis co- 1979, she was tenured at Texas State Univer- edited the book Lessons of Criminology and share sity, Charleston Southern University, Univer- authorship on the book Stealing Dreams: A Fertil- sity of Houston–Downtown, and University of ity Clinic Scandal. Her most recent book, Women Houston–Clear Lake where she currently teaches and White-Collar Crime, was published in 2009. criminology courses. Her publications are diverse; Her research and writing interests include women they include a co-authored book, numerous book in the criminal justice system, white-collar crime, chapters in edited books, and refereed journal policing, prostitution, and courts. articles; she has also been awarded several exter- Dodge was the 2007 recipient of the campus- nally funded research grants. She has practical wide UCD Excellence in Teaching Award. She experience in corrections, having been a correc- received the SPA Teaching Award in 2001, 2005, tions officer, correctional counselor, and proba- 2006, and 2007. She received the SPA Research tion/parole officer. She has served on numerous and Creative Activities Award in 2002 and 2004. university and professional committees and is an In 2011, she received the SPA and University’s experienced evaluator of criminal justice degree awards for excellence in service. Her research programs. She is a champion of university glo- often involves collaboration with local and balization initiatives such as study-abroad oppor- national police departments and agencies. tunities for students and faculty exchanges for scholars, both of which she has administered. Janice Joseph, Distinguished Professor of the Criminal Justice Program at Richard Stockton Hedi Nasheri is a Professor of Justice Studies at College of New Jersey, earned her MA and PhD Kent State University, and a Visiting Professor of from York University, Toronto, Canada. She is Law at the University of Turku School of Law in the Past President of the Academy of Criminal Finland. She is a Visiting Fellow at the University Justice Sciences. She is also the Editor of the of London’s Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice and serves as well as a Senior Research Fellow at NYU School on the editorial boards of several criminal justice of Law. journals. She has taught in Canada, England, and Dr Nasheri served as an Advisor for a number Croatia and guest lectured in Italy and Israel. Her of years on complex litigation matters, including broad research interests include violence against cases involving product liability, toxic tort, capi- women, women and criminal justice, youth vio- tal markets and emerging technologies, consumer lence, juvenile delinquency, gangs, and minorities class actions, accounting fraud, shareholder class and criminal justice. She has published books and derivative litigation, corporate control con- and articles on delinquency, gangs, domestic vio- tests, information technology and intellectual lence, stalking, sexual harassment, and minorities property issues. and crime. She has made several presentations Her academic experiences and accomplish- nationally and internationally. ments include authoring five books: Economic Espionage and Industrial Spying (Cambridge Uni- Megan C. Kurlychek is an Associate Professor in versity Press, 2005), Crime and Justice in the Age of the School of Criminal Justice at the University Court TV (2002), Internships in the Legal Profes- of Albany, SUNY. Her research interests focus sion: A Beginners’ Roadmap to Success (2001), and on the ways in which justice system involvement Betrayal of Due Process (1998), as well as numerous impacts later life outcomes for offenders. This articles and book reviews in peer-reviewed jour- includes involvement in the juvenile justice and nals and law reviews. Her published work has been adult criminal justice systems with a special inter- cited by the Blue Ribbon Commission on Jury Sys- est in their intersection and its meaning for young tem Improvement, the Australian Parliament, the offenders. United Nations’ International Criminal Tribunal, Elizabeth H. McConnell received a Bachelor’s the United Nation’s Commission on Crime Pre- degree in Criminal Justice and Master’s degree vention and Criminal Justice, the South African in Sociology from Valdosta State University. Her Law Commission, and the United States Code PhD in Criminal Justice is from Sam Houston Annotated. She has received several international State University. A university professor since awards and grants, including a grant from the x About the Editors

United States Department of Justice for studying International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) issues related to intellectual property law and a at Roswell, New Mexico from 2001 to 2009, grant from the State Department of the United and has studied/lectured on organized crime, States for studying issues related to technology terrorism, and other criminal justice issues in and intellectual property law and violations in Turkey, Israel, Sicily, Cuba, and China. Eastern and Central Europe. She served as the Jacqueline L. Schneider is Chair and Professor Chair of the International Board of the Academy in the Department of Criminal Justice Sciences at of Criminal Justice Sciences. Illinois State University, Normal, IL. She taught Mitchel P. Roth is Professor of Criminal Justice and conducted research in England where her at Sam Houston State University. He received work on stolen goods markets has been put his PhD from the University of California, forward as best practice and has attracted interest Santa Barbara. He specializes in transnational by policy makers in Chile. In addition to her organized crime, terrorism, comparative polic- many other grants, she was the first recipient of ing/penology, and historical issues in criminal the Home Office’s Innovative Research Challenge justice. He is the author of 13 books, including Grant (UK) and she received an outstanding Global Organized Crime (ABC-CLIO), Organized teaching award in the United States. Her Crime (Pearson), and Crime and Punishment: A published works include several academic papers History of the Criminal Justice System (Cengage). and chapters in books. Her book, Sold into Extinc- He has published numerous book chapters tion, received the Distinguished Book Award, and scholarly articles which have appeared in 2012 from the American Society of Crimino- such journals as Asian Journal of Criminology, logy’s Division of International Criminology. Trends in Organized Crime, Studies in Conflict Her research areas are stolen goods markets and Terrorism, Policing,andJournal of Criminal and the illegal trade in endangered flora and Justice Education. He was on the faculty of the fauna. Notes on Contributors

Benjamin Adams is a Research Associate at the Janice Ahmad, Associate Professor of Criminal National Center for Juvenile Justice. The Center Justice at the University of Houston–Downtown, is the research division of the National Council of has published in Police Quarterly, Criminal Justice Juvenile and Family Court Judges. He has worked Studies,andSouthwest Journal of Criminal Justice. on research efforts funded by the Office of Juven- She is a co-author of a book on police manage- ile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), ment and several book chapters. She is active in the Bureau of Justice Statistics, and the National the Police Section of the Academy of Criminal Institute of Justice. His current OJJDP-sponsored Justice Sciences and the Police Administration projects include the National Juvenile Justice Data Committee of the International Association of Analysis Project and the National Juvenile Court Chiefs of Police. Data Archive where he co-authors reports and Heather Alaniz is a part-time Research Assis- web-based products, and maintains much of the tant at Texas Southern University and Editor content on OJJDP’s Statistical Briefing Book. His for the Asian Journal of Criminology. As well, research provides timely and accurate empirical Ms Alaniz works as a full-time paralegal for the information on juvenile crime and victimization Law offices of Williams and KherKher located in trends and the activities of the juvenile justice Houston, Texas. She is currently pursuing her system. PhD in Administration of Justice. Her research Sean Addie is a policy analyst at the National interests include race and crime, law and society, Center for Juvenile Justice (NCJJ). A licensed and juvenile justice. In 2009, she was a contribu- attorney, he performs legal research and policy tor to the Encyclopedia of Race and Crime.Upon analysis for NCJJ. He works on the National completion of her PhD, Ms Alaniz hopes to work Juvenile Court Data Archive and the National as a professor and become a mentor for minority Juvenile Justice Data Analysis Project on vary- juveniles. ing subjects such as sexual offense classification, Kimberly Alderman is the managing attorney upper age of jurisdiction, the Juvenile Justice at the Alderman Law Firm, based in Madison, and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA), and Wisconsin. She serves as Chair of the Executive transfer to criminal court. Sean has worked to Committee for The American Society of Interna- identify the number and characteristics of trans- tional Law’s Cultural Heritage and the Arts Group ferred juveniles in the United States. He has also and Vice-Chair of the Steering Committee for the worked to track the JJDPA as it is applied around American Bar Association’s Art & Cultural Her- the country and on a report on American Indian itage Law Committee. She maintains ArchaeoLaw youth. (http://www.archaeolaw.com), an online mag- Frank M. Afflitto, in addition to serving as uni- azine reporting on current issues in cultural property law. versity faculty, has conducted research in areas of drug sales and use, violence against women, and Nawal H. Ammar is Professor and Dean of the war crimes. He currently serves as subject matter Faculty of Social Science and Humanities at the expert, authoring online courses, and is working University of Ontario Institute of Technology, on building an organization serving the children Oshawa, Ontario. Dr Ammar’s recent research of incarcerated parents. includes work on legal issues regarding the human xii Notes on Contributors rights of women in the Middle East and violence Ben Atkins is a Doctoral Teaching and Research against immigrant women in the United States Fellow at the College of Criminal Justice, Sam and Canada. Professor Ammar has published over Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas. 100 journal articles, book chapters, and other In addition to education and research, Ben is articles. Her work has been used in United Nations an accomplished musician, having performed Reports such as the 2009 UNFPA’s State of the throughout Europe and the United States as a World Population, 2006 Human Watch Report guitarist, and is a singer in traditional Americana on Women and Violence in Egypt, 2005 Council bands. of Europe Parliamentary Assembly’s resolution Ronet Bachman is a Professor in the Department on Religion and Women in Europe, and the 2002 of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the University United Nation’s Basic Principles on Restorative of Delaware. She is the co-author of The Practice of Justice. Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice and Victoria Van Antwerp is a Lecturer for the School the co-author of Statistics for Criminology and of Public Affairs Criminal Justice Department at Criminal Justice. Her research interests include the University of Colorado Denver. the etiology of violence and victimization, with special attention to underserved populations. Roberto Argueta is an undergraduate student at the University of Houston–Clear Lake majoring Diana Bailey is currently working on her MS in in Criminology. criminal justice. She is an Adjunct Professor at Limestone College teaching investigative meth- Thomas K. Arnold is a doctoral candidate in ods. She has published in the Journal of Forensic the Criminology and Criminal Justice program at Psychology Practice. the University of Cincinnati. His interests include criminology, risk assessment, and the psychology SheldonD.Bailey is a participant in the Emerging of change. Scholars Program at the University of Louisiana at Monroe. Aaron D. Arnson, Law Clerk to the Honorable Ann A. Scott Timmer, Arizona Supreme Court, Jennifer Balboni is an Assistant Professor in the 2013−14. BS, 2010; JD, 2013, Brigham Young Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice University. and Co-Director of the Master of Arts in Crim- inal Justice program at Curry College. In addition Jana Arsovska, a native of Macedonia, is an Assis- to publishing in the area of juvenile justice pol- tant Professor at the Sociology Department at icy, Dr Balboni is the author of Clergy Sexual John Jay College of Criminal Justice where she Abuse Litigation: Survivors Seeking Justice (Lynne teaches international criminology and criminal Rienner, 2011). justice. Dr Arsovska has acted as a consultant on Balkan organized crime for numerous organiza- Ken Balusek is an Assistant Professor of Criminal tions, including the World Bank, UN, and DCAF, Justice at Rockhurst University in Kansas City, and prior to her current post, she underwent Missouri. He also serves as the Director of the training at Interpol. She has published extensively Criminal Justice and Paralegal programs at Rock- on Balkan organized crime in scholarly journals hurst. His research interests include corrections, and intelligence magazines and is the co-editor program evaluation, criminological theory, and of the book Restoring Justice After Large-Scale sexual offending and treatment. Conflict: Kosovo, Congo and the Israeli-Palestinian Shima Baradaran is an Associate Professor at Case. the University of Utah College of Law. She spe- cializes in criminal law, criminal procedure, and Jibey Asthappan is an Assistant Professor in international law. Criminal Justice at the University of New Haven. His area of expertise is in counter- TiffineyBarfield-Cottledge is an Assistant Profes- terrorism and cyber security. Dr Asthappan’s sor of Criminology at the University of Houston– background includes military experience in a Clear Lake. Her research interests include juven- counter-terrorism unit and quantitative research ile delinquency, female gangs, and adolescent sub- exploring military effectiveness. stance abuse. Notes on Contributors xiii

Jaco Barkhuizen, who is currently a Lecturer Barbara Belbot served as an attorney in the Spe- in Criminology at the School of Arts, is the first cial Masters Office for the Federal Court in the person in the world to have a full doctorate in Vic- Texas prison reform lawsuit Ruiz v. Estelle.She timology. He is a consortium member conducting publishes in the areas of prisoners’ rights and research in sexual victimization on public trans- the law of sentencing. Dr Belbot is currently the portation in South East Asia. His other current Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice at research interests are: victim rights and specific- the University of Houston–Downtown. ally victim rights in South Africa; human traffick- Joanne Belknap is a Professor in the Sociology ing in South Africa; serial murder in South Africa; Department at the University of Colorado Boul- and sexual victimization. der. Her recent publications are primarily on the GabrielBarNess is a student on the PhD program trauma histories of incarcerated women and girls. in Criminology, Law and Society at the University She is the author of the book The Invisible Woman: of California–Irvine. Gabriel’s research interests Gender, Crime, and Justice. include comparative criminology and the legit- imation of graffiti. Rose Bellandi is a PhD student at the Univer- sity at Albany School of Criminal Justice. Her Julie S. Barrows has 15 years of experience work- research interests include terrorism, comparative ing in the criminal justice system, including more criminal justice, juvenile justice, and legal issues than a decade of service as a crime analyst and relevant to criminal justice, including capital pun- criminal investigator at the state and federal levels ishment. in Minnesota. She currently serves as a special agent with a federal law enforcement agency in St. Christopher M. Bellas is an Assistant Professor of Paul, Minnesota. She is also an Adjunct Professor Criminal Justice in the Department of Criminal in the Department of Sociology at the University Justice and Forensic Sciences at Youngstown State of Minnesota–Twin Cities. University. His research interests involve court processes and jury decision making as well as Michael D. Bayer is Supervisory Special Agent in criminology. Dr Bellas has conducted research on the Diplomatic Security Service, US Department juror decision making, specifically interviewing of State. A former chief of a transnational crim- jurors who have served on homicide cases in the inal investigative section, he has also served in state of Ohio for the national Capital Jury Project. leadership positions at American embassies over- seas, as a criminal investigator, and as a protective Eric T. Bellone is an Assistant Professor of Gov- security officer for numerous foreign dignitaries ernment at Suffolk University. He is currently a and high-level US government officials. He is doctoral candidate of Public Policy in Northeast- presently pursuing a PhD from the University of ern University’s Law and Public Policy program. Wollongong, Australia. He has two main areas of research: (1) the legal and public policy ramifications of the use of Dawn Beichner is an Associate Professor in the specialized courts in the criminal justice sys- Criminal Justice Sciences Department and a core tem, especially the use of drug courts, and (2) faculty member in the Women’s and Gender the impact of technology on the legal process, Studies Program at Illinois State University. Her specifically the use of videoconferencing on attor- research interests center on gender and justice. ney/client communications. She is currently examining incarcerated mothers and their transition home from prison. RodgerBenefiel is a doctoral student in the School of Criminology at Arizona State University and Steven Bein is a graduate student in the Crim- has worked for over 20 years for the Federal inal Justice Science Department at Illinois State Bureau of Prisons. He had a book review pub- University. A practitioner with 23 years of police lished in the March 2012 issue of International service in small and rural agencies, Steven is inter- Criminal Justice Review. ested in the field of small agency management and financial accountability in light of escalat- Katherine Bennett is a full Professor in the ing training and equipment cost for local law Department of Criminal Justice, Social, and enforcement. Political Science at Armstrong Atlantic State xiv Notes on Contributors

University in Savannah, Georgia. In addition to Lesli Blair is a doctoral candidate in the School her faculty position, she served for two years of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincin- as interim Director of Institutional Research nati. Her research interests include criminological at Armstrong Atlantic State University. Past theory, effects of imprisonment, offender reentry research experience is in the area of job satisfac- issues, and the etiology of serial murder. tion among correctional executives, as well as G.RobertBlakey, O’Neill Professor of Law, Notre research in the areas of legal issues in corrections Dame Law School, was formerly chief counsel and reintegrative shaming theory. to the Senate Subcommittee on Criminal Laws Vera Bergelson is a Professor of Law and and Procedures (Chairman John L. McClellan Robert E. Knowlton Scholar at Rutgers School (Demo., AK)) when Congress processed RICO, of Law–Newark. Her scholarship focuses on Title IX of the Organized Crime Control Act of criminal law theory and explores, among other 1970. things, moral dilemmas associated with self- Kristie R. Blevins is Associate Professor in the defense, consent, provocation, and necessity. Department of Criminal Justice at Eastern Ken- Carolyn D. Berry is a graduate of the Masters of tucky University. Her research interests include Criminal Justice at the School of Public Affairs, corrections, crime prevention, and the occupa- University of Colorado Denver. Her research tional reactions of criminal justice employees. focuses on law enforcement and early warning Lauren M. Block is currently a PhD candidate at systems and accreditation. She worked as a police WSU and is writing her dissertation. Her research officer/detective with the Newport News Police interests include the administration of criminal Department and is interested in the effects that justice, indigent defense systems, prosecutorial community policing have on crime rates. discretion, the courtroom workgroup, senten- cing, racial and ethnic disparity, and issues related Emily R. Berthelot is an Assistant Professor of to inequality. Criminal Justice at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. She has published articles in journals Anita N. Blowers received her PhD in Criminal such as the International Journal of Crime, Crim- Justice from the University at Albany, SUNY. She inal Justice and the Law, Southern Rural Sociology, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Annals of Epidemiology, Sociology Mind, Kentucky Criminal Justice and Criminology, Core Faculty Journal of Anthropology and Sociology,andJustice in the Gerontology Program, and Affiliated Fac- Quarterly. ulty in the Doctoral Public Policy Program at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Robert L. Bing III is the author of over 28 arti- Her current research focuses on older offenders cles, plus two books. The more recent book is and the criminal justice system, elder abuse and titled Race Crime and the Media (McGraw-Hill). neglect, sentencing criminal justice policy, and Dr Bing’s research interests are varied, ranging the scholarship of teaching and learning. from criminal justice education, race, and crime to the media. Lance Bohn is an Associate Professor of Criminal Justice and Homeland Security at the Commu- Pamela Black is an Associate Professor of Crim- nity College of Allegheny County in Pittsburgh, inal Justice at Penn State Schuylkill. Her research Pennsylvania. He is also an Adjunct Instructor interests include diversity and deviance. Recent at the University of Pittsburgh, Main Campus. publications have focused on age status compar- He started his career in 1992 at Chester County isons of alcohol abuse, gender/ethnicity com- Prison as a corrections officer and was the Deputy parisons of marijuana users, and minority (racial Warden of Operations at Allegheny County’s and gender) office support for community Mega Jail. He is currently a PhD candidate in policing. Public Policy specializing in criminal justice policy at Walden University. Kenneth Blackwell is a recent graduate of Vir- ginia Commonwealth University. He served as a Danielle Boisvert is an Assistant Professor in graduate teaching assistant in the Criminal Justice the College University. Her key research interests Program while attending graduate school. include life-course/developmental criminology, Notes on Contributors xv biosocial criminology, and behavioral genetics. Kendra N. Bowen is an Assistant Professor at Her research focuses mainly on the examina- Tarleton State University. Her research interests tion of genetic and environmental influences on include theory, violence and victimization, and a variety of delinquent and criminal behaviors policy. throughout the life course. Jourdan Bowman, an undergraduate student Amanda Bolton is a doctoral student in the majoring in criminology at the University of Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice Houston–Clear Lake, is a member of the Alpha at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. Amanda Phi Sigma Honor Society. has been the recipient of the American Society Lorenzo M. Boyd is on faculty in the Depart- of Criminology Graduate Fellowship for Ethnic ment of Criminal Justice and Criminology at the Minorities. Her primary research interests focus University of Massachusetts Lowell. He is a for- on victimization, internet- and computer-related mer Deputy Sheriff in Suffolk County (Boston), criminality, routine activities, and fear of crime. MA. His research interests include policing issues, Mkay Bonner is a Licensed Industrial Organiza- community-based policing, race and crime, and tional Psychologist and Assistant Professor at the criminal justice systems. University of Louisiana at Monroe. Her exper- Hallie C. Brady is an undergraduate at Texas tise includes law enforcement and public safety. Christian University majoring in Criminal Jus- She is the Police Psychologist for several law tice and Psychology. She plans to attend graduate enforcement agencies and teaches at the North school in clinical psychology. Her current schol- Delta Regional Police Academy. She is the Co- arly interests focus on sexual assault and the Coordinator and Instructor for the Northeast cognitive distortions of sex offenders. Delta Crisis Intervention Team (CIT). Dr Bon- ner has extensively worked with or trained law Eve M. Brank is an Associate Professor in the enforcement personnel throughout Louisiana and Law and Psychology Program at the University of in different areas of the nation. Nebraska–Lincoln. Dr Brank’s research generally examines the way in which the law intervenes in, Catherine L. Bonventre is a PhD student in the and sometimes interferes with, family decision School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany. making. In particular, she has examined this legal She is a licensed attorney. intervention in relation to parental responsibility Dhruba J. Bora is an Associate Professor and and older adult caregiving laws. Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice and Michele P. Bratina is currently working for the Criminology at Marshall University in Hunting- Florida Department of Children and Families, ton, WV. His dissertation was on The Influence Central Region, in the capacity of Forensic Coor- of Emotional Intelligence on Deviant Behavior.He dinator and Clinical Specialist for Judicial Circuit also has worked on several grants funded by the 19. Her research interests include assimilation US Department of Justice in the area of com- and crime, media depictions of crime and crim- munity policing and domestic violence and has inals, and mental health in the criminal justice published in the areas of campus safety and secu- system. Dr Bratina is proud to be a member of the rity, crime prevention, and counter-terrorism. Steering Committee for the Treasure Coast Crisis Leana A. Bouffard is an Associate Professor of Intervention Team (CIT), a specialized training Criminal Justice at Sam Houston State Univer- program for law enforcement officers. sity. In addition to studying intimate violence and Jessica Bregant is a Law, Behavior, and Social arrest, she has also conducted research on crim- Science Fellow at the University of Illinois College inological theory, especially from a life-course of Law, where she conducts empirical work in law perspective, sexual coercion, and the impact of and psychology. correctional treatment programs. She has pub- lished articles in such journals as Criminology, RobertBregantII is an IT Security Engineer at the Justice Quarterly, Criminal Justice and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He and Feminist Criminology. is completing an MS in Criminal Justice Sciences xvi Notes on Contributors from Illinois State University. He also is an Asso- investigative, and intelligence analysis positions ciate of (ISC)2 for the CISSP. with the US Department of the Interior, United States Secret Service, and the United States Pauline K. Brennan received her PhD in criminal Navy. justice from the University at Albany, SUNY, and is an Associate Professor and the Doc- Dale J. Brooker is an Associate Professor of toral Program Chair for the School of Crim- Criminal Justice and Chair of the Department of inology and Criminal Justice at the University of Sociology and Criminal Justice at Saint Joseph’s Nebraska–Omaha. Her areas of research include College of Maine in Standish, Maine. He is a pub- inequity in court processing, corrections policy, lic safety commissioner for the City of Westbrook, and issues related to adult-female offenders and Maine. Research interests include corrections, the victims. She has published papers on the com- reentry process, gender and crime, and crime in bined effects of race/ethnicity and sex on court the media. His current work centers on the eval- processing outcomes, media depictions of offend- uation of a faith-based mentoring program for ers, correctional policies for female offenders, and women who are being released from jail in the the challenges of service delivery for immigrant state of Maine. victims of domestic violence. David Brotherton is a Professor at Jon Jay John Brent is a doctoral student in the Depart- College of Criminal Justice where he continues ment of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the his research on youth resistance, marginaliza- University of Delaware where he works at the tion, and deportation. He has received numerous Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies (CDAS). awards, including being named Critical Crim- He has published on building a theoretical foun- inologist of the Year in 2011. His most recent dation for criminal justice theory, the structural book, co-authored with Luis Barrios, is Banished and cultural trends associated with illicit steroid to the Homeland: Dominican Deportees and Their use/trafficking, and research methods. His cur- Stories of Exile. rent research interests include criminal justice theory, research methods, criminological trends D. Barret Broussard is a graduate of Emory Uni- of late-modernity, and the cultural contexts of versity School of Law, where he served as the crime. Executive Articles Editor of the Emory Law Jour- nal. His student comment, “Principles for Passion Mary P. Brewster is a Professor of Criminal Killing: An Evolutionary Solution to Manslaugh- Justice at West Chester University in Pennsylva- ter Mitigation,” received the Myron Penn Laugh- nia. She has conducted research and published lin Award for Excellence in Legal Research and in the areas of stalking victimization, specialized Writing from the Emory Law Journal. courts, young adult community conferencing, prevention of substance abuse among youth, and Ben Brown is a Professor in the Criminal community policing. Justice Department at The University of Texas at Brownsville where he teaches courses on Taylor Brickley served as a Probation Officer law enforcement, juvenile justice, and research in Georgia and Texas before attending graduate methodology. He has conducted research on school. Taylor is now a faculty member at Mars crime and justice issues in Mexico, South Korea, Hill College and is finishing a PhD in Criminology and the United States and published his findings at the University of South Carolina. His current in a number of journals such as International research interests relate to perceptions of police Criminal Justice Review, Journal of Interpersonal in areas of concentrated disadvantage. Violence,andPolicing: An International Journal of Hank J. Brightman is Professor and Director Police Strategies and Management. of Applied Research & Analysis at the United Bethany Brown’s research interests include States Naval War College. He served as an juvenile recidivism, police use of force, search Associate Professor and Chair of the Criminal and seizure laws, and profiling. Justice Department at Saint Peter’s University from 2000 to 2008. He also spent more than Karin Bruckmuller¨ is Researcher and Lecturer 17 years in a variety of law enforcement, at the University of Vienna, Department for Notes on Contributors xvii

Criminal Law and Criminology. Her main seven books and various manuscripts in the areas research topics are medical-criminal law, preven- of the criminal justice system, policing, white- tion of human trafficking, victims’ rights, and collar crime, and multiculturalism in the criminal juvenile justice. justice system. He teaches Police in a Free Society, Multiculturalism in the Criminal Justice System, Bryan F. Bubolz is a PhD candidate and instruc- Critical Issues in Crime and Justice, Federal Law tor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Enforcement, and Introduction to Criminal Jus- Justice at the University of Nebraska–Omaha. tice. His areas of research interest include collective identity, gangs, terrorism, right wing extremism, John D. Burrow is an Associate Professor in the and desistance from crime and criminal groups. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice He is currently working on a research project at the University of South Carolina. His research that examines desistance from gangs from the focuses on juvenile law, sentencing, and courts. perspective of former gang members. Michael Bush is an Assistant Professor at North- Yen Bui, an undergraduate at the University of ern Kentucky University. He currently teaches Houston–Clear Lake, is pursuing a BS with a Introduction to Criminal Justice, Ethics in Crim- major in Criminology. She plans to attend grad- inal Justice, and Juvenile Justice. Michael’s cur- uate school in fall 2012. rent research interests include service learning, criminal justice pedagogy, juvenile justice, and Jeffrey B. Bumgarner is an Associate Professor of bullying. Criminal Justice at the University of Minnesota, Crookston. He is the author of five books and Soo-Jung Byoun is a PhD candidate, School many articles and book chapters. Dr Bumgarner’s of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana- research interests include federal law enforce- Champaign. ment, homeland security, police professionalism Michael T. Cahill is Professor of Law and Asso- and practice, and criminal justice public policy. ciate Dean for Academic Affairs at Brooklyn Law Alison S. Burke is an Associate Professor in the School. He is co-author, with Paul H. Robinson, Criminology and Criminal Justice Department of the treatise Criminal Law (2nd edn, Aspen, at Southern Oregon University. Her research 2012) and the book Law Without Justice: Why interests include female delinquency, gender and Criminal Law Doesn’t Give People What They juvenile justice processing, and delinquency pre- Deserve (Oxford, 2006), and has published articles vention. She has published in the Journal of appearing in the Texas Law Review, Northwest- Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, Journal of Youth Vio- ern University Law Review, Washington University lence and Juvenile Justice, and the International Law Review,andIowa Law Review,amongother Journal of Law and Psychiatry. publications. Before joining the Brooklyn fac- ulty, Professor Cahill was the staff director for a Jennifer M. Burke is a doctoral student in Crimi- project to rewrite the Illinois Criminal Code and nology at the University of Cincinnati. She earned also served as a consultant for the Penal Code her law degree magna cum laude from the Boston Reform Project of the Kentucky Criminal Justice College Law School in 2001, where she was the Council. Solicitations Editor of the Boston College Law James D. Calder is Professor in the Department School Environmental Affairs Law Review. She has of Political Science and Geography at the Univer- practiced litigation since 2001 and taught under- sity of Texas–San Antonio where he has taught graduate courses as an adjunct faculty member for 34 years in his current department and in of the School of Criminal Justice at the Uni- the Department of Criminal Justice. He special- versity of Cincinnati and in the Department of izes in politics and policies related to federal Political Science at John Carroll University. Her crime control policy, federal administration of research interests include regulatory crime pre- justice, national security and intelligence services, vention, survey research, and professional ethics. international security studies, and public admin- Ronald G. Burns is a Professor of Criminal Justice istration. He has served as an Associate Dean in at Texas Christian University and has published the College of Public Policy and currently serves xviii Notes on Contributors as the Graduate Advisor for the Master’s program Rachel L. Carrera graduated with a Master of in political science. He has published numerous Arts in Criminology degree at the University of articles and two books and is currently complet- Houston–Clear Lake in May 2013. She has held ing work on a history of the original federal strike public service positions since 2004 in federal and force program against organized crime. state government. While in the US Army Reserves she deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan with the Corey Patrick Call is a doctoral student in Public 451st Civil Affairs Battalion. Policy and Administration at Virginia Common- wealth University (Richmond). Mr Call’s aca- Andrea Vargas Cencich is a Spanish instructor demic background and research interests lie in at Washington & Jefferson College, head of the the field of criminal justice and he hopes to start a Spanish language program for the Center of Tal- career in academics upon completion of his PhD. ented Youth at Johns Hopkins University, and a consultant with the PA Institute of Crimino- Kate Calnan is a PhD student and part-time Pro- logical and Forensic Sciences. She specializes in fessor of Occupational Health Psychology at Saint Spanish for law enforcement, and has served as Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada. Kate has a consultant on “innocence projects” involving been awarded many research grants, including Spanish-speaking prisoners and cases involving a doctoral scholarship from the Social Sciences genocide and crimes against humanity under the and Humanities Research Council. Kate is also US Alien Tort Claims Act. a member of the CN Centre for Occupational John Robert Cencich is a Legal Scientist and Health and Safety where she maintains an active Professor of Justice Studies at California Univer- role in research and consulting projects. Her cur- sity of Pennsylvania. He also serves as Director rent research interests focus on organizational of the Pennsylvania Institute of Criminological functioning and employee well-being, with spe- and Forensic Sciences. After 20 years in local, cialized focus on workplace violence, conflict, and state, and federal law enforcement, he served a positive occupational health psychology. Kate has four-year appointment with the United Nations presented her research at several conferences as as a senior war crimes investigator at The Hague. well as contributed to several edited books. He is the author of The Devil’s Garden: A War Clay Calvert is Professor and Brechner Eminent Crimes Investigator’s Story published in June 2013 Scholar in Mass Communication at the University by Potomac Books, Washington, DC. of Florida in Gainesville, where he also serves as Charlie T. Cernat II is a retired Chief Warrant Director of the Marion B. Brechner First Amend- Officer of the United States Coast Guard after 20 ment Project. He has authored or co-authored years of honorable service. His areas of research more than 100 published law journal articles interest include crimes against Native Americans. on freedom of expression-related topics, includ- Charlie is an avid outdoorsman and on most ing mediated voyeurism. Calvert is co-author, days he can be found either on the trails of along with Don R. Pember, of the market-leading beautiful northern Michigan or casting a line into undergraduate media law textbook, Mass Media his favorite lake. Law, 18th edn, and is author of the book Voyeur Kim D. Chanbonpin is an Associate Professor at Nation: Media, Privacy, and Peering in Modern The John Marshall Law School in Chicago. Her Culture. scholarly writing considers redress and repara- Salih Hakan Can began his career in law enforce- tions law, policy, and social movements in the ment in 1984 with the Turkish National Police United States. (TNP). Upon graduation, he became a rank Richard Charlton is currently completing his officer in the TNP. In 2001, he was promoted Master’s in Criminal Justice at Illinois State Uni- to Chief Superintendent. He is currently Asso- versity. His interests include law enforcement, ciate Professor of Public Affairs at Penn State research, and investigation of psycholo- University–Schuylkill Campus. He has authored gically motivated crimes as well as investigating and co-authored five books, three book chapters and analyzing crimes. He has participated and over 25 articles, 16 of them peer reviewed. in the World Society of Victimology (WSV) Notes on Contributors xix

Postgraduate Courses, namely the XXVI Post- Public Leadership at the University of North Te- Graduate Course in “Victimology, Victim xas at Dallas. Prior to joining the faculty full time Assistance and Criminal Justice” in Dubrovnik, in 2008, she spent over six years as a prosecutor Croatia as well as the second and third African for Denton, Caldwell, and Ellis Counties in Texas. courses in 2010. Richard was invited to Chicago She serves as a pre-law advisor for the university, in 2011 to present a paper on Right Wing as an active member and former Executive Coun- Movements in South Africa at the National Gang selor of the Law and Public Policy section of the Crime Research Center Conference. He has also Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, and as an been involved in restorative justice projects with active member of the State Bar Committee for KHULISA as well as sexual offenses rehabilitation Legal Services to the Poor in Criminal Matters. programs with CROWA. He is a co-founder of Diane Cihonski is a graduate of the Criminal Monash University’s first Criminological and Justice Program at Penn State–Harrisburg. She Victimological Student Society, CRIMON. is currently pursuing an AM in Criminal Justice Abbas Cheddad is currently a postdoctoral there. Research Associate at the Department of Medical Giovanni Circo recently graduated with a Mas- Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Karolinska ter’s in Criminal Justice Sciences from Illinois Institutet, Sweden) working on medical image State University. His thesis examined the extent processing. His PhD thesis entitled “Strengthen- of prescription drug abuse in the state of Illinois. ing Steganography in Digital Images” won the In 2012, he was given the Outstanding Gradu- University of Ulster Faculty of Engineering’s best ate Award in Criminal Justice Sciences at Illinois thesis award for 2009 in the UK. He has pub- State University. Currently, he is preparing for his lished a book, 11 international, peer-reviewed, doctoral education. journal papers, 26 peer-reviewed international conference papers, and has been granted three John Clark is a Senior Associate with the Pretrial patents. Justice Institute. He has been with the Institute for 25 years, has 35 years of overall experience Mark Ming-Chwang Chen is a Professor in the in the area of pretrial justice, and has authored Department of Border Police at Central Police numerous publications relating to issues of pre- University in Taiwan. A former police officer, trial justice. most of his publications reflect issues in poli- cing and homeland security, for example, police Colleen M. Clarke is the Director of the Law administration, community policing, homeland Enforcement Program, Minnesota State Uni- security and border control. versity, Mankato. Prior to university teaching, Dr Clarke was a police officer and sergeant with Joselyne Chenane is currently pursuing her PhD the City of Thunder Bay, Ontario. in Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Uni- versity of Nebraska–Omaha. Her research inter- Jason Clark-Miller is an Assistant Professor of ests include policing, comparative criminal jus- Criminal Justice at Texas Christian University. tice, and organized crime. His research interests include meaning construc- tion and case management among juvenile pro- Jennifer M. Chiotti is an Assistant Profes- bation officers, and the relationship between sor of Criminal Justice at the University of social identities and subsequent sexual victim- Houston–Downtown. Her areas of interest and ization. research include corrections, gender and justice, Virginia G. Clegg has an MS in Criminal Justice violence against women, and sex offenders. from Virginia Commonwealth University and a Kimberly Chism is a doctoral student in the Col- BA in Criminology and a BA in Psychology from lege of Criminal Justice at Sam Houston State Auburn University. University in Huntsville, Texas. Her research Shelly Clevenger is currently an Assistant Pro- interests include the police and policing issues. fessor at Illinois State University. Her current Gretchen H. Choe is a Senior Lecturer of Crim- research interests are focused on sex offenses and inal Justice in the Department of Urban and victimization. She has co-authored an article on xx Notes on Contributors rape in metropolitan areas and assisted in research Stoppers, and a 2009 recipient of the President’s on theory testing. She also was the recipient of the Volunteer Service Award. 2008 American Society of Criminology, Division Veronica Collins’s interests include race and of Women and Crime, Outstanding Graduate crime, human resources, public health, and crim- Student Paper Award. inal justice. Stephen Clipper is a graduate student at the Timothy B. Conley is a tenured Associate Profes- University of Texas at Dallas. sor of Social Work at the University of Montana Jeffrey E. Clutter is currently pursuing his PhD in where he specializes in treatment and research Criminal Justice from the University of Cincin- with addicted and mentally ill persons. Dr Conley nati. His interests include environmental crime has published in the areas of social work assess- prevention and victimology. ment, DUI, addictions, and continuing educa- Rochelle E. Cobbs is an Instructor at Missis- tion. His most recent effort focused on helping sippi Valley State University and is rounding up the state change the drunk-driving culture in her doctoral studies at Prairie View A&M Uni- Montana. versity, with emphasis in Juvenile Justice. Prior Ayana Conway, an Assistant Professor at Virginia to joining Mississippi Valley State University, State University in the Department of Sociology, she was a Mississippi certified Law Enforce- Social Work and Criminal Justice, teaches statis- ment officer and instructor for numerous years. tics, data analysis, and juvenile justice courses. She has been a Chief of Police in two Mis- Prior to joining VSU, she directed Charlottesville sissippi municipalities and a Chief Investigator Weed and Seed Network, a crime reduction pro- for the Mississippi Department of Corrections gram funded by the US Department of Justice. at Parchman, Mississippi. Her research interests and publications include risk assessment, crim- Amy Kyle Cook, an Assistant Professor of Crim- inal deportation, internal migration, transna- inal Justice at Virginia State University, has over tional crime and justice-linkages between the legal 14 years’ experience as a juvenile probation offi- and illegal, juvenile justice, and police issues. cer. Her research interests include juvenile justice issues and understanding the dynamics of the GaliaCohen is a doctoral candidate in the Depart- courtroom workgroup on decision making. ment of Public Affairs and Social Policy at the University of Texas–Dallas. Her research inter- AnnMarie Cordner is currently an Assistant Pro- ests include strategic human resource manage- fessor of Criminal Justice at Kutztown University ment and organizational behavior. Galia currently of Pennsylvania. In addition to teaching, she works as an instructor at UT–Dallas teaching has worked as a criminal justice planner for human resource management and negotiation the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Dr Cordner’s and conflict resolution for both undergraduate research and teaching interests include capital and graduate students. Galia was recently hon- punishment, criminal justice education, research ored with the prestigious Founder’s Fellowship methods, and criminal justice issues in rural areas. Award presented by the American Society of Pub- Charisse T. M. Coston teaches courses in Victi- lic Administration. mology, Sexual Assault, Serial Murder, Criminal Ellen G. Cohn is an Associate Professor of Crim- Justice Management and Policy, to name a few, inal Justice and an affiliated faculty member in the and Research Methods at the undergraduate Women’s Studies Department at Florida Interna- and graduate levels at the University of North tional University. Her research and writing focus Carolina–Charlotte. She is a teaching affiliate primarily on the effect of weather and temporal in the School of Public Policy, Woman’s Studies variables on criminal behavior and on citation and Program, International and Global Studies productivity analysis in criminology. She is cur- Program, and The University Honors College. rently collaborating on a cross-national research Her teaching, research, and publication activities study on weather and violence. Dr Cohn is a focus on the criminal victimization experiences past President of Youth Crime Watch of America, within and between especially high-risk targets a member of the board of Miami-Dade Crime of criminal victimization both nationally and Notes on Contributors xxi internationally. Dr Coston’s research activities Community and Public Service (CCPS) at Grand extend into the areas of measurement issues Valley State University (GVSU). His research associated with the fear of crime. interests center on criminal theory and intelli- gence, comparative and transnational crime, and Guillermo A. Coto, an Iraq war veteran, served addiction behaviors and need for treatment. in the United States Marine Corps from 2000 to 2004. He is currently an undergraduate stu- Vaughn J. Crichlow is a native of the Republic of dent majoring in criminology at the University of Trinidad and Tobago. He is a former high-school Houston–Clear Lake. teacher, a law graduate of the University of Lon- Amanda Couture is currently a doctoral student don, and an alumnus of Rowan University and in the Department of Sociology at the Univer- the University of the West-Indies. His research sity of Toronto. Her research has been in the areas include communities and violence preven- area of intimate partner abuse generally and tion, policing and private security, and issues more specifically as experienced by immigrant in comparative criminology and criminal justice women as well as dating abuse from the perspec- systems. He is currently a PhD candidate at the tive of South Asian Muslims. Amanda’s research Michigan State University, School of Criminal interests also include first- and second-generation Justice. immigrant experiences (e.g., biculturalism, accul- Michelle A. Cubellis is a PhD student and adjunct turation, integration, sexuality). Amanda’s work lecturer at John Jay College of Criminal Jus- has been published in Qualitative Sociology Review tice/City University of New York Graduate Cen- (with Zaidi and Maticka-Tyndale), South Asian ter. She is a Graduate Research Fellow with the Diaspora (with Zaidi and Maticka-Tyndale), and Research and Evaluation Center at John Jay Col- is forthcoming in Violence Against Women (with lege. Her research interests include sex offender Ammar, Alvi, and San Antonio). policy, gender and crime, prosecutorial discre- Amanda K. Cox is an Assistant Professor of tion, and preventive detention of terrorists. Criminal Justice at the Pennsylvania State Uni- Heather Ellis Cucolo is an Adjunct Professor in versity, Altoona. Her recent research includes New York Law School’s online Mental Disability her doctoral dissertation entitled “Assessing the Program and has contributed to the development Malleability of Student Death Penalty Attitudes: of courses within the program as well as assisted in An Experimental Test of the Marshall Hypothe- collaboration with Asia-Pacific partners to foster sis.” international distance learning. In addition, she Beverly R. Crank is a doctoral candidate in represents individuals facing civil commitment the Department of Criminal Justice and Crim- under New Jersey’s Sexually Violent Predators inology at the Andrew Young School of Policy Act. Professor Cucolo has published and lec- Studies at Georgia State University. Her research tured – both domestically and internationally – interests include criminological theory, juvenile in the areas of mental disability law, criminal law, delinquency, and offender decision making. and sex offender law. Charles Crawford is Professor of Sociology at Kathleen Currul-Dykeman is an Assistant Pro- Western Michigan University. He has published fessor of Criminology at Stonehill College in numerous book chapters and refereed journal Easton, MA. Before that she worked as an Assist- articles on a wide variety of criminal justice topics. ant District Attorney for close to 10 years where Some of his articles have appeared in the journals she specialized in prosecuting domestic violence Criminology, Police Quarterly, Crime Law and cases at the district court and superior court lev- Social Change, Crime Media and Culture,and els. She enjoys teaching classes in Criminal Law, Police and Society. He is also the Editor of Spatial the Mechanics of the Courtroom, and Crime Policing (Carolina Academic Press) and the Co- Victimization. Editor of Policing and Violence (Prentice Hall). Harry R. Dammer is currently the Chair of the William R. Crawley is a Professor of Criminal Criminal Justice Department at the University of Justice and the Associate Dean of the College of Scranton (PA) where he teaches undergraduate xxii Notes on Contributors and graduate courses. He is the author or co- edited eight volumes, and authored three books, author of three books: Religion in Corrections including Policing World Society (2002) and The (1999), The Offender in the Community (2003), Policing of Terrorism (2010). and Comparative Criminal Justice Systems (2011). Walter S. DeKeseredy is Professor of Crim- Dr Dammer has also published on a variety of inology at the University of Ontario Institute criminal justice topics, particularly in his main of Technology (UOIT). He has published 18 research areas of corrections and international books and over 100 scientific journal articles crime and justice. and book chapters on violence against women Deborah Davis is Professor of Psychology at and other social problems. In 2008, the Institute the University of Nevada, Reno. She has written on Violence, Abuse and Trauma gave him the widely in the area of psychology and law, includ- Linda Saltzman Memorial Intimate Partner Vio- ing a number of articles and chapters on false lence Researcher Award. He also jointly received confessions; and has served as an expert witness the 2004 Distinguished Scholar Award from the on interrogations, confessions, and eyewitness American Society of Criminology’s (ASC) Divi- memory. sion on Women and Crime and the 2007 inau- gural UOIT Research Excellence Award. In 1995, Marika Dawkins is a doctoral candidate in the he received the Critical Criminologist of the Year College of Juvenile Justice and Psychology at Award from the ASC’s Division on Critical Crim- Prairie View A&M University, Texas, where she is inology (DCC) and in 2008 the DCC gave him also an instructor. A native of Jamaica, she moved the Lifetime Achievement Award. to the United States to pursue higher education. She haspublishedonjuvenile gang membershipin Jennifer De Leon, an undergraduate student Houston,international crimes,andrace andcrim- majoring in Criminology at the University of inal justice-related issues. Her research interests Houston–Clear Lake, is a full-time student who also include delinquency prevention programs. plans to attend law school when she completes her undergraduate degree. George J. Day is the Assistant Professor and Director of Criminal Justice at East Texas Bap- Kimberly A. DeTardo-Bora is an Associate Pro- tist University in Marshall, Texas. Dr Day is fessor of Criminology at Marshall University currently head of ETBU’s Restorative Justice in Huntington, WV. Her research contributions Research Group, which is currently examining have pertained to prisoner reentry and the Level restorative justice applications for addressing bul- of Supervision Inventory, campus security, spe- lying in public schools. cial populations and crime prevention, media depictions of professional women in criminal Erica Dean is an experienced public health justice, and action research. In collaboration with researcher currently pursuing her PhD in social her colleagues, she has received grant funding work at the University at Albany (SUNY). Follow- for program evaluation projects related to court- ing completion of a Master’s in Health Science appointed special advocates, domestic violence, with a concentration in mental illness from Johns the federal Weed and Seed Initiative, and housing Hopkins University, Erica worked as a research and urban development. assistant at the Yale-VA Alcohol Research Center, where clinical trials focused on finding effective Michael J. DeValve is a Peacemaking Criminolo- medicine-based treatments for dually diagnosed gist, and an Associate Professor in the Department individuals. Her focus as a doctoral student of Criminal Justice at Fayetteville State University. is on “adverse childhood experiences” (ACE) His research is in the area of the cultivation of research, particularly in relation to mental illness, compassion in and through justice organizations. substance abuse, and housing outcomes. Mandeep K. Dhami is a Reader in Forensic Psy- Mathieu Deflem is Professor of Sociology at the chology at the University of Surrey. Her research University of South Carolina. His main areas of interests include judgment and decision making expertise are sociology of law, international poli- in the criminal justice system, restorative justice, cing, counter-terrorism, social theory, and pop- and the psychology of imprisonment. She has ular culture. He has published dozens of articles, published over 60 articles and book chapters on Notes on Contributors xxiii these topics. Dr Dhami, a Fellow of the Society for published in Police Quarterly,theAmerican the Psychological Study of Social Issues, is lead Journal of Criminal Justice, and the Journal of editor of the book Judgment and Decision Making Police Crisis Negotiations. as a Skill: Learning, Development and Evolution Joseph F. Donnermeyer is a Professor of Rural (Cambridge University Press, 2012). Sociology in the Environmental Social Sciences Ashley Dickinson is a faculty member for the program, School of Environment and Natural Department of Administration of Justice at the Resources, The Ohio State University. He is the University of Virginia’s College at Wise and a PhD author/co-author of numerous articles and books candidate in the Department of Criminology at on rural crime, including a co-edited volume on Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Her current Crime in Rural Australia (Federated Press, 2007) research interests are offender risk assessment and a co-authored monograph on Rural Crim- measures, corrections, and offender rehabilita- inology (2013) that is a part of the Routledge tion. Press series on Critical Criminology. Dr Donner- Karola Dillenburger is a Professor and Director meyer is the Editor of the International Journal of of the Centre for Behaviour Analysis at the School Rural Criminology, an online journal for scholars of Education at Queen’s University of Belfast. interested in crime within the rural context of She has published widely (five books, an ibook, societies. and over 50 peer-reviewed journal articles) in Brendan D. Dooley is a recent graduate of the areas of trauma, bereavement, and disability, specifically autism. Professor Dillenburger is a the University of Missouri–St. Louis, having frequent speaker at national and international completed a dissertation examining the state of conferences. criminology’s paradigm. He now holds a lecturer position at the University of Maryland (Depart- Shane M. Dixon is a graduate student at Illi- ment of Criminology and Criminal Justice) and nois State University in the Criminal Justice is Project Director of the Oral History in Crim- Sciences Department. He has published in the inology Project. Journal of Family Violence. He is a former United States Marine and currently a soldier in the Army Carol F. Dorris is the Public Policy Senior Staff National Guard. Attorney for the National Center for Victims of Crime (NCVC). She analyzes victims’ rights laws, Diana S. Dolliver is an Assistant Professor at provides legislative technical assistance to state The University of Alabama. Her areas of exper- and federal lawmakers, and conducts compre- tise include cybercrime, transnational organized hensive research on pertinent victim-related legal crime and drug trafficking, and the existing links issues. Her areas of expertise include victims of between these criminal phenomena, as well as offenders with mental illness, stalking victims, matters of policing and police use of force in the United States and in Eastern Europe. She works and victim–counselor privilege. closely with members of law enforcement in the J. Robert Duke is an Associate Professor of Justice United States and abroad, in addition to collab- at the University of Alaska. He is a former police orating with scholars from around the world on chief and city manager. issues of comparative crime. Her current research endeavors include examining the legal, foren- Brandon Dulisse is a doctoral student of Crim- sic, and criminological aspects of cyberterrorism, inology and Criminal Justice at the University of and investigating drug trafficking organizations’ Cincinnati. His interests include criminological (DTOs) involvement in cyber-related crimes. theory and corrections, as well as interdisciplinary approaches to quantitative research. Christopher M. Donner will be joining the Department of Criminal Justice at Fayetteville Christopher P. Dum is a doctoral candidate in State University as an Assistant Professor in fall the School of Criminal Justice at the University 2013. Dr Donner’s research interests include at Albany. His research interests include prisoner police misconduct, police organizations, and reentry, qualitative methodology, and studying the United States Supreme Court. He has been marginalized populations. xxiv Notes on Contributors

Cherie Dawson-Edwards is an Associate Profes- Alexander Elkins is a PhD Candidate in United sor in the Department of Justice Administration States history at Temple University. His disserta- at the University of Louisville. She serves as tion, entitled “Street Sovereignties: Police, Law, Board President of the Board of Directors of and African American Uprisings, 1964–1968,” the American Civil Liberties Union of Kentucky will provide a cultural, legal, and institutional (ACLU-KY) and is an appointee to the Governor’s history of a moment of unprecedented riotous Juvenile Justice Advisory Board (JJAB). She also violence in the United States. His teaching and serves on the statewide Subcommittee for Equity research interests include US history since the and Justice for All Youth (SEJAY). Dr Edwards’s Civil War, African American history, the legal most recent publications can be found in the cultures of popular and official justice, and state Journal of Offender Rehabilitation and Professional power. Issues in Criminal Justice. Mark S. Ellis is Executive Director of the Inter- M. George Eichenberg is a Professor of Criminal national Bar Association, London. He was twice Justice at Tarleton State University. He special- a Fulbright Scholar at the Economic Institute in izes in research involving policing issues, Native Zagreb, Croatia. Dr Ellis has published exten- Americans and the justice system, and social con- sively in the areas of international criminal law, trol in the American South. war crimes tribunals, and the development of the rule of law. Joseph H. Eisenhardt, Jr is the Chief of Police of the Barrington NJ Police Department where he Jared M. Ellison is currently a PhD student in the has served for 32 years. In addition, he holds an School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at MPA from Seton Hall University and has been an the University of Nebraska–Omaha. His research adjunct faculty member at Camden County Col- interests include court processing, corrections, lege (NJ) for eight years, teaching in the Criminal and community-based crime prevention. Justice Department. He has been an Instructor Kathryn M. Elvey is working on her PhD at the at the Camden County Police Academy since University of Cincinnati. Her interests include 2001. Previous articles have been published in crime prevention and victimology. The New Jersey Police Chief and The Chief of Police magazines. Franklin C. Emeka, a Professor at Lone Star College–Kingwood, chairs the Department of O. Oko Elechi is an Associate Professor of Public Services. Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Prairie View A&M University. He received his PhD from Traqina Q. Emeka is an Assistant Professor at the Simon Fraser University, Canada in 1999. He University of Houston–Downtown. Her research also holds two degrees from the University of interests include juvenile delinquency, victim- Oslo, Norway. His teaching interests are diverse ology, recidivism, and community corrections. including: Restorative Justice; Juvenile Justice She is also the co-author of American Victimology Issues and Practice; Criminological Theories; and has published in the areas of child abuse, Comparative Criminal Justice Systems and juvenile recidivism, and community corrections. Human Rights; and Crime. His writings on Jacob (Jake) Vander Ende is a doctoral student Restorative Justice, Community Policing and the at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. African Indigenous Justice Systems have been His work focuses on decision making and cyber extensively published in international journals, culture. Outside his research, he is an independent book chapters and anthologies, including the game developer and runs his own business. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, African Criminology and Justice Ebonie M. Epinger is pursuing a Bachelor’s Studies Journal,andInternational Review of degree from the School of Criminology and Victimology. He is also the author of the book Criminal Justice at the University of Nebraska Doing Justice Without the State: The Afikpo at Omaha. She is a William H. Thompson Scholar (Ehugbo) Nigeria Model (Routledge, New York, at the University and received the 2011 Omaha 2006). Metro Chief’s Association Scholarship. Notes on Contributors xxv

Jamie J. Fader is an Assistant Professor in the investigations for the Bureau of Justice Statistics School of Criminal Justice at the University at and has led a study of state and local prosecution Albany. Her research interests include youth of human trafficking for the National Institute of incarceration, transitions to adulthood for vul- Justice. She has testified about police identifica- nerable youth, desistance from offending, and tion of human trafficking before the US House juvenile justice decision making. of Representatives Judiciary Committee. Profes- sor Farrell was a co-recipient of NIJ’s W. E. B. Abigail A. Fagan is an Associate Professor in DuBois Fellowship on crime justice and culture the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice in 2006. at Florida State University. Her research focuses on the etiology and prevention of juvenile delin- Chris Felts is a PhD student in Criminal Justice quency, with emphasis on gender and offending, at the University of Cincinnati. His research inter- family influences on delinquency, victimization, ests include criminological theory, life-course and the identification and successful implementa- criminology, juvenile justice, and court processes. tion of prevention programs. She has participated RoyFenoff is a doctoral candidate in the School of in the Blueprints for Violence Prevention Initi- Criminal Justice and a Research Associate in the ative and the Community Youth Development Anti-Counterfeiting and Product Protection Pro- Study to identify effective substance use and gram (A-CAPPP) at Michigan State University. delinquency prevention programs and to help Roy is also a Board Certified Forensic Document schools and communities implement these pro- Examiner (D-BFDE) and an expert in forgery grams with high implementation quality. She is detection. He provides expert scientific advice also involved in research examining contextual and conducts forensic document examinations influences on the relationship between exposure for individuals, law enforcement, and law firms to violence and youth offending, using data from throughout the United States and overseas. the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. J. Stephen Ferketic is a student at Emory Uni- versity School of Law in Atlanta, Georgia. Prior Katie A. Farina is a doctoral student at the Uni- to entering law school, he taught high school sci- versity of Delaware. She is currently a Graduate ence in Roma, Texas as a member of Teach For Research Assistant at the Center for Drug and America. Alcohol Studies where she assists in creating and analyzing data collected from various schools Bonnie S. Fisher is Professor of Criminal Justice across the state of Delaware. Ms Farina won the in the School of Criminal Justice and Fellow of the 2010 Graduate Research Competition hosted by Graduate School at the University of Cincinnati. the Inter-University Consortium for Political and She has conducted research on campus crime, Social Science Research. particularly sexual violence against college women and related victimization issues, for more than 20 Stephen Farrall is Professor of Criminology years. She is the author or co-author of several and Director of the Centre for Criminological books, technical reports, and numerous journal Research at Sheffield University, England. He articles on campus crime and related issues. is the co-author of Social Order and the Fear of Martin Floss is a Professor of Criminal Justice Crime in Contemporary Times (Oxford University and Chair of the Graduate Program in Criminal Press, 2009) and co-editor of Fear of Crime: Justice Administration at Hilbert College. In 1999, Critical Voices in an Age of Anxiety (Routledge, he founded the Institute for Law and Justice at 2009). He is currently researching why people Hilbert College, which hosted more than 100 con- stop offending. ferences for law enforcement and other criminal Amy Farrell is an Assistant Professor of Crim- justice professionals and evaluated many criminal inology and Criminal Justice at Northeastern justice programs such as Drug Courts. Dr Floss University. Her recent research focuses on crim- has served as a Federal Reviewer for the Buffalo inal justice system responses to new crimes such Police Department and administered a Memor- as human trafficking. Professor Farrell oversees andum of Understanding regarding the use of a program to collect data on human trafficking force in the department. His areas of expertise are xxvi Notes on Contributors in police ethics, police use of force, criminological reform issues. Her work has largely focused on theory, and research methods. both pretrial (detention) and deep-end (place- ment) system reform, as well as creating and Sean J. Flynn is Professor of History at Dakota implementing screening and assessment instru- Wesleyan University. Dr Flynn has authored ments to guide decision making at several points books and articles on American military history. in the system. J. Price Foster is a Professor of Justice Administ- Laurence Armand French is Professor Emeritus ration at the University of Louisville. After serving of Psychology from Western New Mexico Uni- as LEAA’s Director of the Office of Criminal Jus- tice Education and Training and Director of the versity and a Senior Research Associate at the National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delin- Justiceworks Institute at the University of New quency Prevention as well as Deputy Director of Hampshire. He was a senior Fulbright Scholar the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre- at the University of Sarajevo (Faculty of Crimi- vention in the US Department of Justice, Dr Foster nal Sciences) in Bosnia-Herzegovina during the went to the University of Louisville as Professor 2009/10 academic year and the Endowed Visiting and Dean of the School of Justice Administra- Chair at St. Thomas University, Fredericton, New tion. He also served as Dean of the College of Brunswick, Canada in fall semester 2010. He is Urban and Public Affairs before assuming full- a life member of the American Society of Crim- time duties as a professor. Dr Foster’s primary inology, a Fellow of the American Psychological research and education interests are in the areas Association, and a licensed clinical psychologist. of juvenile delinquency, ethics in criminal jus- Shaun M. Gann is a doctoral student in the tice, international service learning, and criminal School of Criminal Justice at the University of justice education. Cincinnati. His areas of interest are development- Michelle L. Foster is an Adjunct Instructor for al criminology, criminal careers, juvenile justice, Kent State University. Her publications include and Fourth Amendment case law. His publi- an article titled “An Examination of Recidivism cations include peer-reviewed journal articles, Rates of Substance Abusers Based on Risk and book reviews, encyclopedia entries, and technical Needs Assessments” published in the Winter 2011 reports relating to criminal and juvenile justice. edition of the OCCJE’s Praxis journal, and seven Crystal A. Garcia is an Associate Professor essays appearing in the 2011 edition of Encyclope- of Criminal Justice, Law and Public Safety dia of American Law and Criminal Justice. in the School of Public and Environmental Eric Fowler is a PhD student in the School of Affairs at Indiana University–Purdue University Criminal Justice at the University at Albany. His Indianapolis. She was a student of Dr Petersilia research interests include juvenile delinquency at UCI. Crystal’s research interests include and justice, gangs in the community context, and the evaluation of criminal and juvenile justice qualitative methodology. programs and policies. Her current work examines gender-responsive programming and James E. Fowler, Jr, a graduate of the University disproportionate minority contact in the juvenile of Houston–Clear Lake, has an undergraduate justice system and the death penalty. degree in Criminology and is currently the run- ning backs coach at Navarro College in Corsicana, Jen Gartner is University Counsel for the Uni- Texas. versity of Maryland–College Park and a staff member and instructor at the University of Col- Kathryn B. Franklin currently provides grant orado Denver, where she teaches graduate courses administration support for VCU and hopes to in criminal justice and public administration. She enter the field of higher education in the near has practiced before the US Court of Federal future. Claims and the US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Jennifer Fratello is Director of Research, Cen- Circuit and clerked for the United States Sentenc- ter on Youth Justice, Vera Institute of Justice. In ing Commission, where she advised judges and this position, she works with city and state gov- prepared teaching documents about the drug sen- ernment partners on a variety of juvenile justice tencing guidelines. She has published an article Notes on Contributors xxvii on contract claims against the federal government due process, and the tension that exists between in the Public Contract Law Journal and an arti- people’s right to be free from crime and the cle on contracting under the Homeland Security problem of overcriminalization. Act in Andrew’s Government Contracts Litigation Charlie Gerstein is a law student at the University Reporter. of Michigan Law School. He writes on criminal Donessa L. Gaspar is a graduate of the Master of law and procedure and works in indigent defense. Criminal Justice (MCJ) program at the Univer- Benjamin R. Gibbs is an Assistant Professor in sity of Colorado Denver School of Public Affairs. the Criminal Justice Department at the University Career aspirations include working in federal of Central Missouri. His primary research focus is law enforcement and teaching. Areas of interest drug courts, and he served as a research assistant include agricultural and environmental terrorism, on an 18-month evaluation of a metropolitan law enforcement, and human trafficking. county Adult Drug Court. In addition, Dr Gibbs Janne E. Gaub is a doctoral student studying has presented original drug court research to Criminology and Criminal Justice at Arizona the American Society of Criminology and the State University in Phoenix, Arizona. She is a Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. former Spirit of Service Scholar with the College Jennifer C. Gibbs is an Assistant Professor in the of Public Programs and Graduate College Fellow. Department of Criminal Justice at West Chester Her research interests center on gender, includ- University. She formerly served as a victim advo- ing sentencing policies, policing practices, and cate with the Niagara Falls (NY) Domestic Vio- perceptions of disorder. In particular, she is inter- lence Unit. Her research interests include violence ested in how gender affects views of crime and the against women, terrorism, policing, and the schol- interpretation of crime statistics and trends. arship of teaching and learning. Richard A. Gaunt is Associate Professor in Mod- Camille Gibson is an Associate Professor at ern British History at the University of Notting- Prairie View A&M University in the College ham, UK and a Fellow of the Royal Historical of Juvenile Justice and Psychology. She is the Society. His publications include Sir Robert Peel: author of Being Real: Student–Teacher Interac- The Life and Legacy (I B Tauris, 2010). tions and African American Male Delinquency and Gilbert Geis (1925–2012) was a Professor Emer- co-author of Juvenile Sex Offending: What the itus, Department Criminology, Law and Society, Public Needs to Know. Dr Gibson is a past Presi- University of California, Irvine. He was a former dent of the Southwestern Association of Criminal president of the American Society of Criminology Justice in which capacity she represented many and winner of its Edwin H. Sutherland Award for criminal justice educators and researchers in Ari- outstanding research. During his prolific career, zona, Arkansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, he wrote some 25 books (if you count various and Oklahoma. editions) and more than 400 articles and book Lily Gleicher received her MS in the School of chapters, with a primary emphasis on white-collar Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati crime. where she is currently a PhD Candidate specializ- EricArmandGentes is an Attorney and a graduate ing in corrections. of Boston College Law School. He spent five Patricia A. Goforth is a graduate student at the years in the private sector where he specialized University of California–Irvine in the Depart- in complex commercial litigation and criminal ment of Criminology, Law and Society. Patricia defense, and five years as an Assistant County is currently working on her doctorate on mort- Attorney (prosecutor) in New Hampshire before gage foreclosures and vacancies and their effect joining the Rivier University faculty where he is on neighborhood crime rates and property valu- currently an Assistant Professor and Director of ations. the Criminal Justice Studies Program. He teaches courses in criminal law and procedure, about Ronald Goldstock is the New York State Com- the criminal justice system, and in legal research missioner of the Waterfront Commission of New and writing. He is interested in the history of York Harbor and is a member of the faculties of xxviii Notes on Contributors the New York University, Cornell, and Columbia Angela R. Gover is Professor of Criminology and Law Schools. Mr Goldstock served for 13 years Criminal Justice and Director of the Undergradu- as Director of the New York State Organized ate Program in Criminal Justice in the School Crime Task Force where he designed and devel- of Public Affairs at the University of Colorado oped the Independent Private-Sector Inspector Denver. Her research interests include gender General (IPSIG) program. He currently provides and crime, intimate partner violence, and the IPSIG services to a number of corporate and criminal justice system’s response to violence union clients. A graduate of Cornell University against women. Her work has recently appeared and Harvard Law School, he has served as Inspec- in Violence and Victims, Journal of Interpersonal tor General of the US Department of Labor, Violence,andJustice Quarterly. Director of the Cornell Institute on Organized Carolyn Greene is currently an Assistant Profes- Crime, and Chief of the Rackets Bureau in the sor of Criminal Justice at Athabasca University in New York County District Attorney’s office. Athabasca, Alberta. Her research interests include Angel E. Gomez is a double major graduate in diversion from the criminal justice system, sen- Criminology and Sociology from the University of tencing, youth justice, and perceptions of the Houston–Clear Lake. Employed by BCFS Health criminal justice system. and Human Services, his ultimate goal is to con- MatthewJ.Greife is a Criminal Defense and Envi- tinue his path of helping others. ronmental Law Attorney with the Law Offices Michael Gomila is an adjunct faculty member of Victor W. Luke and a Master’s student at within the Criminal Justice Department at the the University of Colorado Denver. Upon grad- University of Louisiana–Monroe. He has exten- uating from Colorado State University Matthew sive experience in behavioral health management, attended law school and is now licensed to practice law in California and Colorado. correctional counseling, addictions, and criminal justice populations. He has been responsible for Shannon T. Grugan is a student in the Crim- creating and overseeing correctional counseling inal Justice PhD program at Rutgers University. and drug court programs. His topical interests Her research interests include animal cruelty, include criminal justice history, behavioral health environmental crimes, and online victimization. treatment, The War on Drugs, and alternatives to Jeri M. Guido is a full-time Criminal Justice incarceration. Instructor at Central Piedmont Community Col- Shanta Goswami, the Director of the Office of lege in Charlotte, NC. Online Programs at the University of Houston– Frank E. Hagan is a Professor of Sociology and Clear Lake, is currently working on a book on Criminology at Mercyhurst College in Erie, PA. gender reconstruction through ethnomusicology He is the author of 10 books including Introduc- among the Bauls of Bengal. She has taught under- tion to Criminology,7thednandResearch Methods graduate and graduate courses in Human Biology, in Criminal Justice and Criminology,8thedn.In Anatomy and Physiology, Cultural Anthropol- 2000, Dr Hagan received the Academy of Criminal ogy, Multicultural Business, Cultural Values and Justice Sciences’ Academic Fellow Award. Social Institution, and Cross Cultural Compe- tence among Premed Students. GinaPenlyHall’s research interests include delin- quency, juvenile justice, and spatial influences on Natalie Goulette is a doctoral candidate in the crime. School of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati. Her areas of specialization include Joshua Hamilton is a National Organized Retail criminology and corrections. She is currently Crime and Fraud Investigator with the TJX Com- involved in research on extralegal disparities in panies, Inc. case processing and the use of collateral con- Robert D. Hanser is the Associate Director of the sequences in criminal convictions in the state of School of Social Sciences and the Coordinator of Ohio. Her other research interests include juvenile the Department of Criminal Justice at the Uni- delinquency and community corrections. versity of Louisiana–Monroe. He is the Director Notes on Contributors xxix of Offender Programming for LaSalle Correc- enforcement officer, her research interests include tions and is responsible for overseeing inmate violence against women and women in the crim- reception, drug rehabilitation, and inmate reen- inal justice system. try. He is also the Board President for Freed Men, Richard D. Hartley is an Associate Professor Inc., a nonprofit organization that operates group in the Department of Criminal Justice at the homes for ex-offenders who rejoin the commu- University of Texas–San Antonio. His research nity. Rob is the CEO of North Delta Human interests include disparities in sentencing prac- Services Authority (NDHSA), a nonprofit organi- tices and prosecutorial and judicial discretion. zation that provides contract therapeutic services Recent publications have appeared in Crime & for the 4th Judicial District Adult Drug Court Delinquency, Justice Quarterly,andJournal of and DWI Court and he is the Lead Facilitator for Criminal Justice. the 4th Judicial District’s Batterer Intervention Program (BIP). Jennifer L. Hartman is an Associate Professor at the University of North Carolina–Charlotte. Susan B. Harden is an Assistant Professor of She has written several pedagogical pieces, which Education at the University of North Carolina– focus on retention of transfer students, published Charlotte. Her areas of research include commu- in the Journal of Criminal Justice Education.She nity, civic, and student engagement. Dr Harden has also published tests of rational choice the- was recognized in 2009 as the North Carolina ory and undergraduate cheating published in the Campus Compact Civic Engagement Professional American Journal of Criminal Justice.Shecur- of the Year. rently serves as the Deputy Editor of the Journal Mark G. Harmon is an Assistant Professor of of Criminal Justice Education. Criminology and Criminal Justice at Portland Read Hayes is the Director of the Loss Prevention State University. He is a criminal justice pol- Research Council and Co-Director of the Loss icy researcher and quantitative methodologist. Prevention Research Team, University of Florida. His current research focuses on the development Read has conducted independent research and of panel models in the analysis of criminology consulting since 1984. He has over 30 years of data and on the effects of sentencing reforms hands-on crime and loss prevention experience on imprisonment rates, including the effects on with numerous multinational corporations in the people of color and women. An article on the United States and abroad. Read is a certified effects of sentencing reforms on people of color protection professional, certified security trainer, entitled “The Imprisonment Race: Unintended and a certified fraud examiner. He has com- Consequences of ‘fixed’ Sentencing Reforms on pleted the ASIS Assets Protection I, II, and III People of Color Over Time” recently appeared courses, the Crime Analysis & Mapping, Crime in the Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice.Dr Intelligence, and Criminal Profiling course series, Harmon has also written articles about juven- and the Kinesic, John E. Reid, and Wicklander ile punishment and the social construction of and Zulawski interview courses. His background criminal justice policy. also includes reserve US Army infantry officer Judith A. Harris is a Lecturer of Criminal Justice (Recon/Scout platoon leader), and a narcotics at the University of Houston–Downtown. She is agent with the Alachua County Florida Sheriff’s currently completing her PhD at Texas Southern Office. University and her areas of interest and research M. Kristen Hefner is a doctoral student in the are corrections, specialty courts, and gender and Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice at capital punishment. the University of Delaware. She received a BA in Lynne M. Harrison is an Assistant Professor in Psychology from North Carolina State University the Administration of Justice program at South- and an MA in Sociology/Criminology from the side Community College, an Instructor in Crim- University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her inal Justice at Virginia State University, and an primary research interests include gender, law and Instructor at J. Sargeant Reynolds Community society, criminal justice/legal policy, and feminist College in the Nursing Program. A former law theory. xxx Notes on Contributors

Geoffrey C. Helms, a Houston police officer, (co-authored with Polly F. Radosh), Journal of recently graduated with a Master’s degree in Family History, (2013). Criminology from the University of Houston– Lance R. Hignite, an Assistant Professor of Law Clear Lake. Enforcement and Criminal Justice at Nevada State Howard Henderson is an Associate Professor in College, has published in the areas of liability of the College of Criminal Justice at Sam Houston probation and parole officers and public opin- State University. His most recent research has ion about crime and criminal justice issues. His appeared in Criminal Justice and Behavior, Race current research interests include homelessness, and Justice Scholar, Criminal Justice Policy Review, campus crime, and anti-Muslim hate crimes. and the Criminal Law Bulletin.Heisalsothe Brianne A. Hill is an undergraduate student author of the edited More Than Race: Minor- majoring in Criminology at the University of ity Issues in Criminal Justice and the founding Houston–Clear Lake. She plans to become a editor of the JournalofCriminalJusticeandLaw forensic accountant and earn an Associate degree Review published by Serials Publications. His cur- in accounting from San Jacinto College. rent research interests include psychometric racial bias in risk need assessment instruments, juvenile Jennifer Hill is currently employed at the Mont- offender mentoring programs, and correctional gomery County Juvenile Probation Department officer use of force. as a supervising Probation Officer in the Sex Offender Unit. She has previously worked at Nicole Hendrix teaches courses in Introduction Montgomery County Youth Center as a Youth to Criminal Justice, Diversity, Research Methods, and Family Advocate II/Caseworker. In addition, and Historical Perspectives in the Department of Jennifer served as a contract employee for the Criminal Justice at Radford University in Virginia. Center of Juvenile Corrections Administrators as Dr Hendrix’s research interests include firearms a Data Management Consultant, working out of handling, storage, injury, and violence in the Chester County Juvenile Probation Department United States, as well as issues of gender and on a nationwide study funded by the MacArthur criminal justice. Foundation. Jennifer is certified to facilitate Girls’ Wendy L. Hicks is currently an Associate Profes- Circle, a therapeutic group for adolescent girls, sor of Criminal Justice at Loyola University–New and was honored by Juvenile Detention Centers Orleans. She has published on such topics as Association of Pennsylvania for implementing the police vehicular pursuits, Skinhead neo-Nazi “Program of the Year 2011” at the Montgomery gangs, and police operations and administra- County Youth Center. tion. Her areas of interest within the field of Paul Hirschfield is an Associate Professor in the criminal justice include quantitative methods, Department of Sociology and Program in Crim- police vehicular pursuits, law enforcement inal Justice at Rutgers University–New Bruns- administration, and white supremacy. wick. His theoretical and empirical work centers Todd C. Hiestand is a Professor of Criminal on the social impact of the intensified policing Justice at MidAmerica Nazarene University. In and criminalization of youth. He is currently 2010 he was selected as the Faculty Member of conducting research on the reintegration of the Year. youth from correctional facilities into schools in New York City and on the impact of aggressive Elizabeth Higgs, a cultural anthropologist, is an policing initiatives on children’s moral attitudes Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Geor- and delinquency. His recent work has appeared gia Gwinnett College. Dr Higgs has presented in Criminology, Sociology of Education,and professional conference papers for the annual Theoretical Criminology. meetings of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences and the American Criminological Soci- Susan S. Hodge is a Lecturer and Academic ety. She has published a variety of articles in Advisor in the Criminal Justice and Criminology peer-reviewed journals, including most recently Department at the University of North Carolina “Quilts, Moral Economies and Matrilineages” at Charlotte. Notes on Contributors xxxi

Omi Hodwitz is a doctoral candidate in the Jennifer L. Huck is an Assistant Professor of Department of Criminology and Criminal Jus- Criminal Justice and Sociology in the Depart- tice at the University of Maryland. Her research ment of Sociology at Carroll University. Her interests include violence and community vio- research interests include criminological theory, lence, terrorism and tactics, quantitative analysis, social world of court processing and decision and theoretical applications. making, and evaluations of criminal justice poli- cies and programs. GabrielleBrostHoffman is an alumna of Virginia Commonwealth University where she studied R. Michael Huff was a Research Associate with psychology and criminal justice. She has con- the National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C) tributed to several research projects and articles and point of contact for the White Collar Crime as an undergraduate and graduate student. Research Consortium. Recently, he co-authored NW3C’s 2010 National Public Survey on White Timothy J. Holler is working toward his PhD Collar Crime, as well as the article “Differenti- in Criminology at Indiana University of Penn- ating Identity Theft: An Exploratory Study of sylvania. He is involved in evaluations of correc- Victims Using a National Victimization Survey,” tional programs. His research interests include publishedintheJournal of Criminal Justice.His restorative justice, juvenile justice, policy, and interests include white-collar crime, economic corrections. history, and power elite network analysis. Robert J. Homant was a prison psychologist in Christopher Hughes is the Department Chair of Michigan and Wisconsin until 1978 when he the Justice and Public Safety Administration pro- took a position where he currently teaches, the gram at Sullivan University. He has completed University of Detroit Mercy. Dr Homant has his PhD in Interdisciplinary Studies at the Uni- chaired the Department of Criminal Justice since versity of Louisville and plans to continue his 1991 and has authored over 100 journal articles academic career. Dr Hughes has a background in and book chapters on a variety of criminal justice social services, with primary emphasis on juven- issues. iles and substance abuse. His primary research Miranda A. H. Horvath is a Senior Lecturer in and education interests are in the areas of juvenile Forensic Psychology at Middlesex University, UK. delinquency, criminological theory, white-collar Her research focuses on sexual violence, working crime, mental illness, and substance abuse. from an applied social psychological perspective. Don Hummer is an Associate Professor of Crim- She is co-editor of Rape: Challenging Contem- inal Justice at Penn State–Harrisburg. He is a porary Thinking (Willan/Routledge, 2009). Dr co-editor of The Handbook of Police Administra- Horvath is an Associate Editor of the Journal of tion. Sexual Aggression. Donald Hunt is a former police detective in the Kimberly Houser is an Assistant Professor at Atlanta, Georgia area. For the last three years of Kutztown University. Her research interests his 10-year career in law enforcement, he was in include mental health and substance use disor- charge of his department’s training division and ders among adult offenders, prisoner reentry and was also assigned as an adjunct police instructor reintegration, and community corrections. Dr in both basic and advanced training courses. He Houser recently published an article in Justice is currently a graduate student studying Crimino- Quarterly on the risk factor of co-occurring logy and Criminal Justice with specific interests disorders on prisoner misconduct among female in white-collar crime, theory testing, lethal vio- state prison inmates. lence, and neurological explanations of deviant behavior. Susan Howley is the Public Policy Director for the National Center for Victims of Crime. As an Ronald D. Hunter is a Professor of Criminal expert on legislation relating to crime victims, she Justice/Criminology at Georgia Gwinnett Col- analyzes victims’ rights laws, provides technical lege in Lawrenceville, Georgia. Prior to entering assistance to federal and state lawmakers and academia, he was a Sergeant with the Tallahas- advocates, and drafts model legislation. see Police Department. His latest publications xxxii Notes on Contributors include: Crime and Criminality: Causes and Con- Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice and serves sequences, 2nd edn; Research Methods in Crimi- on the editorial boards of several criminal jus- nology and Criminal Justice, 3rd edn; and Police tice journals. Her broad research interests include Community Relations and the Administration of violence against women, women and criminal jus- Justice, 8th edn. Dr Hunter was ACJS President in tice, youth violence, juvenile delinquency, gangs, 2007–2008. and minorities and criminal justice. Jason R. Ingram is an Assistant Professor in Patricia Joseph is a doctoral student in the the Department of Criminal Justice Sciences at Department of Criminology and Criminal Jus- Illinois State University. His primary research tice at the University of Maryland–College Park. interests include policing and policy evaluation. Her research interests include sentencing, race His other research interests focus on testing and crime, and indigent defense. criminological theories and quantitative research methods. Jason W. Julseth is a full-time police officer in south Central Pennsylvania, a member of the Amaia Iratzoqui is a doctoral student in the Cumberland County Special Response Team, and College of Criminology and Criminal Justice at a US Navy veteran. He has participated in research Florida State University. Her research interests on Operation Safe Neighborhoods, police officer are in gender and rehabilitation programming, job satisfaction, police mounted operations, and juvenile offending, and the influence of the family racial profiling. on offending. Elizabeth Papp Kamali is a graduate of Harvard Robin D. Jackson isaPhDstudentatSamHous- Law School, a doctoral candidate in History at ton State University. Her background includes the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and a working as a correctional officer with the Texas member of the New York Bar. Her research inter- Department of Criminal Justice, and she has ests include the history of the medieval English worked as both a middle and high school teacher. criminal trial jury, the conflict between local gov- Jermaine A. Johnson is a member of the Criminal ernment law and the nascent common law, and Justice Faculty at San Jacinto College, Hous- the impact of Roman and canon law on the ton, Texas. He is a former law enforcement medieval English common law. officer, with certifications in both Texas and Naoki Kanaboshi is an Assistant Professor of Louisiana. Criminal Justice at Grand Valley State University David M. Jones is Professor and Chair of the (GVSU). Dr Kanaboshi has taught courses in Department of Criminal Justice at the University criminal law, criminal procedure, inmates’ rights, of Wisconsin–Oshkosh. courts, and First Amendment, as well as Japanese Shanieka S. Jones is a graduate student in the law, and his research and writings focus on the Criminal Justice Master’s program at Virginia rights of prisoners and their family members. State University. The focus of her thesis research Erin E. Kane is an Assistant Professor of Law is disproportionate minority contact in Virginia’s and the Director of the Legal Discourse Zone juvenile justice system. Her future plans include at the Charlotte School of Law. Her scholarly attending the University of Maryland to pursue interests include professional writing, rhetoric the doctorate in criminology. and composition, service-learning, and writing Jeanette L. Jordan graduated with honors from centers. She is currently working on a manual for the University of Houston–Clear Lake with a BS law schools that seek to develop their own writing in Criminology. She has volunteered with The centers. Innocence Project of Texas, and she is currently BarbaraKauffman is an Assistant Professor in the enrolled at South Texas College of Law. Department of Criminal Justice at West Chester Janice Joseph is Distinguished Professor of the University, PA. Her areas of expertise include Criminal Justice Program at Richard Stockton criminal law, criminal procedure, gender, crime College of New Jersey. She is also the Editor of the and justice, and contemporary legal issues. Notes on Contributors xxxiii

Julie Kaye is an Assistant Professor in the Depart- topics in organizational psychology. His current ment of Sociology and Ambrose University Col- research interests focus on the effects of organ- lege in Calgary, Alberta. With the support of a izational leadership on individual well-being, pos- Social Science and Humanities Research Council itive occupational health psychology, and the of Canada grant, she recently completed her PhD prediction and consequences of workplace vio- on anti trafficking in Western Canada. In addi- lence. He also maintains an active consulting tion, she has been involved in a major human practice, working with a variety of public and trafficking research project that focused on for- private sector clients in these areas. malizing an action plan for how best to respond Jonathan Kennedy is a doctoral student in the to and/or support victims of human trafficking Department of Criminology and Criminal Jus- (HT) in Canada. Her primary areas of interest tice at the University of Maryland. He is also a include human trafficking, conflict and peace, researcher at the National Consortium for the and international development. Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. Mark C. Kellar, an Associate Professor of Megan Kennedy is a former prosecutor with Criminal Justice at the University of Houston– the Norfolk County District Attorney’s Office in Downtown, has expertise in corrections, policing, Massachusetts. She is now working toward her and justice administration. He retired from the PhD in criminal justice at the State University of Harris County Sheriff’s Department in 2000 with New York, University at Albany. more than 20 years’ service. He has also written numerous articles and conducted studies in the Sesha Kethineni is a Professor at Illinois State criminal justice field. University and her areas of expertise include comparative and international juvenile justice Elizabeth Keller-Charbonneau is a PhD candi- systems, delinquency, child victims, domestic date at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. Her violence, female criminality, and program evalu- research interests include violence against women ation. and professional discretion within the criminal justice system. Her previous publications include Seksan Khruakham is a Police Major and a Pro- “Cultural Considerations and Challenges to Ser- fessor at the Faculty of Social Science, Royal vice Delivery for Sudanese Victims of Domestic Police Cadet Academy, Thailand. Dr Khruakham Violence: Insights from Service Providers and received his PhD in Criminal Justice from Sam Actors in the Criminal Justice System,” pub- Houston State University, Texas and his research lished in the International Review of Victimology interests include policing, evaluation research, in 2007. and criminological theories. E. Kevin Kelloway is the Canada Research Chair Bitna Kim is a faculty member in the Depart- in Occupational Health Psychology and the Direc- ment of Criminology at Indiana University of tor of the CN Centre for Occupational Health and Pennsylvania. Her current research interests Safety at Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, include gender issues, cross-culture, intimate Canada. He also holds appointments as Professor partner homicide, and evidence-based practice of Psychology and Professor of Management at (meta-analysis). Dr Kim has recently published Saint Mary’s. A prolific researcher, Dr Kelloway works in Journal of Criminal Justice, Crime and is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Delinquency, Prison Journal,andPolice Quarterly. Science, the Canadian Psychological Association, Jeremy Kittredge is a senior majoring in Criminal and the Society for Industrial/Organizational Psy- Justice at Curry College in Milton, Massachusetts. chology. He currently serves as Associate Editor of Work & Stress and as section editor for Stress Danielle R. Kleckner received her MA degree and Health as well as serving on several editorial in Criminal Justice from the Pennsylvania State boards. He is past Chair of the Canadian Soci- University–Harrisburg. She received her BS ety for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. degree in Criminal Justice Administration, with He has authored/edited 10 books and over 100 a minor in Political Science, from Mansfield research articles and chapters on a wide range of University of Pennsylvania. xxxiv Notes on Contributors

Daniel Kobrin is an Assistant Public Defender current research includes the estimation of the in the Criminal Appeals Division of the Mary- co-occurrence of violence in the crime of bur- land Office of the Public Defender. During the glary, as well as the study of police fusion cen- 2011–2012 term he served as a law clerk in the ters. chambers of the Honorable Mary Ellen Barbera Connie M. Koski is an Assistant Professor of of the Maryland Court of Appeals. Criminal Justice at Longwood University in Vir- Maria D. H. Koeppel is a PhD candidate in Crim- ginia. Her primary research interests focus on inal Justice at Sam Houston State University. police-community relationships, neighborhoods Her research areas of interest include sociological and crime, the development of democratic police aspects of crime such as gender and sexual orienta- agencies in post-conflict societies, and qualitative tion, and victimization. Currently, she is working methods. She has published articles in Journal of with the Crime Victims’ Institute at SHSU where Criminal Justice, Police Practice and Research,and she has worked on projects examining short- and Journal of Criminal Justice Education. Dr Koski long-term consequences of victimization. has also taught Criminal Court Systems, Police Becky Kohler da Cruz is an Associate Profes- and Society, Criminology, and Drugs and Crime sor of Criminal Justice in the Department of to undergraduate students. Criminal Justice, Social and Political Science at Jonathan M. Kremser is a member of the faculty Armstrong Atlantic State University in Savannah, of the Criminal Justice Department at Kutztown Georgia. Prior to teaching, she practiced law as University of Pennsylvania. He studies school- an associate attorney for O’Loughlin & Gudorf in related offenses and victimization and serves on Dayton, Ohio; was a night court hearing officer the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and and weekend intake reviewer for the City of Day- Delinquency Juvenile Justice Diversion Commit- ton Prosecutor’s office; a law clerk for Stephen tee. He provides training and consultation to E. Klein Law Office in Vandalia, Ohio and for schools in the area of violence and bullying pre- the Piqua City Prosecutor’s Office in Piqua, Ohio; vention, and regularly presents papers on school and a senior legal researcher for Lexis-Nexis. crime-related issues at conferences throughout Cynthia Koller is a Visiting Instructor of Crim- the United States and Canada. inology, Florida Southern College. After over Jessie L. Krienert is a Professor in the Depart- 20 years in the juvenile justice field, Dr Koller ment of Criminal Justice Sciences at Illinois State completed her degree in Criminal Justice at the University. Her current research interests include University of Cincinnati with a white-collar crime prison subculture and most recently family vio- dissertation entitled “Diffusion of Innovation and lence across the life course. Dr Krienert has Fraud in the Subprime Mortgage Market.” She is recently published research on the topics of ani- co-author of a chapter in Economic Crisis and mal abuse, sibling violence, sibling sexual abuse, Crime: Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance child–parent violence, parricide, elder abuse, and (Emerald, 2011) and of an article in Criminal elder homicide. Her recent publications have Law Bulletin (2011). appeared in the Journal of Family Violence, Jour- Christopher G. Kopacki is a Visiting Professor nal of Interpersonal Violence, Homicide Studies, at The State University of New York in Oswego. and the Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and He is also currently completing his PhD in Public Trauma. Policy and Administration at Virginia Common- Attapol Kuanliang is an Assistant Professor and wealth University. Professor Kopacki’s area of Graduate Program Coordinator of Criminal Jus- focus is forensic crime scene investigation. He tice at the University of Louisiana at Monroe. is a qualified expert in crime scene analysis and His primary interests include juvenile justice reconstruction in the circuit courts of Virginia. and delinquency, correction, drug abuse and Phillip M. Kopp is a doctoral student in Crim- treatment, victimology, quantitative methods and inal Justice at the Graduate Center/City Univer- analysis, and program evaluation. Dr Kuanliang sity of New York. His research interests include has published several book chapters and articles policing, crime prevention, and burglary. His in refereed journals. Notes on Contributors xxxv

Jiletta L. Kubena is an Assistant Professor of crimes and paraphilias, media and crime, and Criminal Justice at Our Lady of the Lake Uni- religion and crime. versity, San Antonio, Texas. She served as Col- Thomas Lateano is an Associate Professor in the laborative Editor on The Encyclopedia of White Department of Criminal Justice at Kean Univer- Collar Crime (Greenwood, 2006). Dr Kubena has sity. His research interests focus on search and also published in the areas of white-collar crime, seizure, criminal law, and discretion in justice capital punishment, and the etiology of juvenile workforce. offending. Matthew Laurin holds a Master’s degree in Shih-Ya Kuo is an Assistant Professor in the Sociology from Morehead State University. Department of Criminal Justice at West Vir- His research interests are spatial analysis, ginia State University. Her research interests gang-related crime, social disorganization, and include victimization, corrections, and compara- quantitative research methods. Recently, his tive criminal justice studies. Her work has recently work was published in the 34th edition of Applied appeared in the Journal of Criminal Justice, Inter- Geography for his work on gang activity space. national Sociology,andInternational Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. Nicholas LeBoutillier is a Principal Lecturer in Psychology at Middlesex University, UK. He Megan C. Kurlychek is an Associate Professor in is the Program Leader for the BSc Psychology the School of Criminal Justice at the University with Criminology at Middlesex University. Dr of Albany, SUNY. Her research interests focus LeBoutillier’s key research interests are the psy- on the ways in which justice system involvement chology of drug and alcohol misuse. impacts later life outcomes for offenders. This includes involvement in the juvenile justice and Cynthia Lee is the Charles Kennedy Poe Research adult criminal justice systems with a special inter- Professor of Law at The George Washington Uni- est on their intersection and its meaning for young versity Law School where she teaches Criminal offenders. Law, Criminal Procedure, Adjudicatory Criminal Procedure, and Professional Responsibility. She Renee Lamphere is currently an Assistant Profes- is the author of Murder and the Reasonable Man: sor in the Department of Sociology and Criminal Passion and Fear in the Criminal Courtroom (NYU Justice at the University of North Carolina– Press, 2003), a book that examines the reasonable- Pembroke. Her areas of interest include cor- ness requirement in the doctrines of self-defense rections, juvenile delinquency, violence and and provocation, and Criminal Law: Cases and victimology, digital media crimes, and mixed- Materials (with Angela Harris) (West, 2nd edn). methods research. She is also the editor of Searches and Seizures: Heather Larkin extends research on “adverse The Fourth Amendment, Its Constitutional His- childhood experiences” (ACE), integrates social tory and the Contemporary Debate (Prometheus science knowledge, and develops partnerships to Books, 2011). The author thanks Jonathan Foster employ “Restorative Integral Support” (RIS) for for excellent research assistance and Stephanie ACE Response. Dr Larkin’s practice background Griffith for excellent administrative assistance. includes psychosocial assessment, emergency ser- Heeuk D. Lee is a graduate student in the Depart- vices, individual, family, and group counseling, ment of Criminal Justice and Criminology at clinical supervision, and service integration. She Washington State University. His research inter- leads ACE Think Tank and Action Team meetings ests include comparative policing, criminal justice in the Capital Region of New York and pro- education, and comparative criminal justice. vides consultation to the Center for Post-Trauma Joongyeup Lee is an Assistant Professor of Crim- Wellness. inal Justice in the School of Public Affairs at Nicole V. Lasky is a PhD candidate at the Uni- Pennsylvania State University. He specializes in versity of Cincinnati School of Criminal Justice, quantitative research on integrated criminological studying Criminology and Crime Prevention. Her theories and situational factors of police decision current research interests include victimology, sex making. He has published articles in Crime and xxxvi Notes on Contributors

Delinquency, Victims and Offenders, Journal of Keith Gregory Logan is an Associate Professor Ethnicity in Criminal Justice,andInternational in the Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown Journal of Police Science and Management,among University of Pennsylvania. He is a former fed- others. eral agent, security officer, and Special Assistant RichardA.Leo is a Professor of Law at the Univer- United States Attorney, admitted to the practice of sity of San Francisco and a Fellow in the Institute law in Virginia, the District of Columbia, and the of Legal Research at UC Berkeley (Boalt Hall) US Supreme Court. He edited Homeland Security School of Law. Dr Leo is nationally and interna- and Intelligence (2010), co-edited An Introduction tionally recognized for his pioneering empirical to Homeland Security (2012), and is a member of research on police interrogation practices, the the Editorial Review Board, Journal of Homeland impact of Miranda, psychological coercion, false Security Education. confessions, and wrongful convictions. Dr Leo has Matthew William Logan is a doctoral student of won individual and career achievement awards for Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Univer- research excellence and distinction from numer- sity of Cincinnati. His interests include quantita- ous professional organizations. He is the author of tive criminology, prison research, and crimino- the multiple award-winning book Police Interro- logical theory. gation and American Justice (Harvard University Press, 2008). Giza Lopes is a PhD candidate at the School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany. Her Sheri Lerner completed her undergraduate research focuses on the historical efforts to degree in the Department of Criminal Justice decriminalize “assisted suicide” and their inter- Sciences at Illinois State University. Her areas of section with increased “medicalization” of society. interests include elder abuse and delinquency. Nathan C. Lowe, a Research Associate with the J. Scott Lewis is an Assistant Professor of Soci- American Probation and Parole Association, is ology at Penn State University–Harrisburg. His also a doctoral student in the Sociology pro- research interests include the philosophy of social gram at the University of Kentucky. A former science, teaching sociology, and sociobiology. practitioner in corrections, his primary interests Zander Li graduated from the New York Uni- include correctional policy and evaluation, strain versity School of Law in 2012, where he was a and crime among offenders, and community cor- Fellow at the Center on the Administration of rections. Criminal Law and an Articles Editor of the Law Review. He graduated from Harvard College in Anastasiya Lukash is an Assistant Professor at 2008. the Department of Criminology and Penal Law, National University “Yaroslav the Wise Law Kanon Bernard Lillemon has practiced criminal Academy of Ukraine” (Kharkiv, Ukraine). Dr law as a defense attorney and prosecutor. He Lukash was a Fulbright Scholar during the 2010/ currently is an Assistant District Attorney in the 2011 academic year at the School of Justice Stud- 38th Judicial District Attorney’s Office of Texas. ies, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Wen-Hsu Lin’s research focuses on crimino- Island. Her research interests include domestic logical theory, victimization, and quantitative violence in the United States and in Ukraine, research methods. Recent publications can be and sex crimes. She has published book chapters, found in Sociological Inquiry and Asia Journal of research articles in Ukraine and Russia, and arti- Criminology. cles in American and Ukrainian encyclopedias. Don E. Lindley, Assistant Professor and Faculty Brandon English Lutman is a first-year gradu- Chair ofCriminology,hasinstructedCriminology ate student at Old Dominion University in the and Sociology courses for over 35 years, and Criminology and Criminal Justice PhD Program. currently teaches at Regis University in Denver, His research focuses on: subcultures and vio- Colorado. He is a retired police officer and US lence; crime, (pop) culture and media; drugs and Navy Officer. society; gender; stratification and inequality. Notes on Contributors xxxvii

James M. Lutz is Professor of Political Sci- Marc Balcells Magrans is a Fulbright Scholar, ence and Chair of the Department of Political a Spanish criminologist, and a criminal lawyer. Science at Indiana University–Purdue Univer- He currently lives in New York where he is sity Fort Wayne. He has published widely on completing a PhD in Criminal Justice at The terrorism issues, international political economy, Graduate Center/City University of New York. and elections. His work on terrorism includes His research focuses on art crime and its co-authored books (with Brenda J. Lutz), Terror- relationship with organized crime, as well as ism: Origins and Evolution (2005), Terrorism in museum security and its connection to art crimes America (2007), Terrorism: The Basics (2011), and and theoretical criminology. Global Terrorism (3rd edn, 2013). Margaret Mahoney is a doctoral student at the Jennifer L. Lux is a PhD candidate in Criminal University of Delaware. She is currently a Grad- Justice at the University of Cincinnati, where she uate Research Assistant at the Center for Drug also holds the position of Research Associate in the and Alcohol Studies where she assists in creating Corrections Institute. She has recently published and analyzing data collected from various schools on the empirical status of multisystemic therapy across the state of Delaware. Ms Mahoney, along and on public support for rehabilitation. Her with her co-authors, is the recent recipient of the research interests include evidence-based cor- Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences’ William L. rections and effective offender intervention in Simon Outstanding Paper Award. community settings. Jen Mailley is Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Randy J. Macak has been an adjunct faculty Crime and Criminology, HELP University, Kuala member at Illinois State University since 2000. Lumpur, Malaysia. Her research interests include He is also the Deputy Director of McLean County applying environmental criminology and situ- (IL) Juvenile Court Services and has more than ational crime prevention to a variety of crime 28 years of experience in the juvenile justice problems including crimes against animals system. and nature. Her exposure to these topics was Michael J. Machen is an Attorney currently in heightened during employment as a Consultant private practice with an emphasis in criminal Data Analyst for TRAFFIC South East Asia, defense. He is the former Chief Public Defender Malaysia, and Project Manager for TRACE of Allegheny County (Pennsylvania) and former Wildlife Forensics Network, Edinburgh, Scot- President of the Public Defenders Association of land. Dr Mailley has spent much of the past Pennsylvania. three years in South East Asia (SEA), where she conducted a review of rhino horn stockpile DavidA.Mackey is a Professor of Criminal Justice disposal procedures in SEA; contributed to at Plymouth State University. He co-edited Crime UNODC’s assessment of the threats posed by the Prevention with Kristine Levan, and has carried international illegal wildlife trade; and managed out research on criminal justice education. a UK Darwin-funded project which increased Eric Madfis is an Assistant Professor of Crim- the capacity of ASEAN nations to use wildlife inal Justice in the Department of Social Work forensics in investigations (www.asean-wfn.org). at the University of Washington, Tacoma. Dr Dr Mailley worked as an Expert Witness (forensic Madfis has published numerous articles and book scientist) for the Forensic Science Service, UK, chapters in the areas of multiple homicide, the- for five years before entering academia. oretical criminology, popular culture, hate crime Farhad Malekian is a Distinguished Visiting Pro- and supremacist group activity, and school crime fessor and the Founder and Director of the and criminalization. Institute of International Criminal Law, Upp- Natasha S. Madon is a PhD candidate at the Cen- sala, Sweden. He has been listed among the tre for Criminology and Sociolegal Studies at the distinguished leaders in the field of international University of Toronto. Her research explores the criminal law. Malekian introduced the principle operation of youth courts and youth perceptions of International Tribunality of Jurisdiction at the of the criminal justice system. Cornell Law School in 2005. He is the author of xxxviii Notes on Contributors outstanding selected major treatises as well as a financing terrorism, and organized and transna- considerable number of well-established scholarly tional crime. books and articles which have been an integral Kayla Marie Martensen is a doctoral student at part of reading literature at a number of universi- the University of Illinois at Chicago. Her previous ties. Among these are International Criminal Law work includes research in the field of juvenile (2 vols, 1991), The Monopolization of International justice, mass incarceration, and female gangs. Criminal Law in the United Nations (2nd edn, 1995), Principles of Islamic International Criminal DavidA.Marvelli is an Intelligence Analyst for the Law (2nd edn, 2011), “Emasculating the Philoso- FBI. He has written numerous threat assessments phy of International Criminal Justice in the Iraqi for the FBI and the US intelligence community Special Tribunal,” Cornell International Law Jour- and was a recipient of the FBI Director’s Award nal (2005), and “Judging International Criminal in 2011. Dr Marvelli’s research interests include Justice in the Occupied Territories,” International transnational organized crime, international ter- Community Law Review (2012). Malekian is the rorism, and threat/risk analysis. co-author of the books Confessing the Interna- Jon Maskaly is a doctoral student in the Depart- tional Rights of Children (2012) and Prohibition of ment of Criminology at the University of South Sexual Exploitation of Children Constituting Obli- Florida. His current research interests center on gatio Erga Omnes (2013). He is also the editor of the influence of social control processes within The Sovereignty of Children in Law (2012). His both neighborhoods and micro places. Previ- forthcoming book deals with the Principles of ous work has been published in the Journal of International Criminal Justice. Police Crisis Negotiations and Group Processes and Kathryn E. Malizia is an Associate at Lankler Intergroup Relations. Siffert & Wohl LLP, where she specializes in Christopher Mathey, an Eagle Scout, is currently white-collar defense, complex civil litigation, and completing a doctoral program in Economic and ethical issues governing attorneys. She served as Political Sociology, Cultural Sociology, and Social an executive editor of the Michigan Law Review Psychology at Texas A&M University. while attending the University of Michigan Law School. She was law clerk to the Hon. Rebecca R. Adam K. Matz, a Research Associate with the Pallmeyer before joining Lankler Siffert & Wohl American Probation and Parole Association, is in 2009. a doctoral student in criminology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. His interests include Susan F. Mandiberg is the Associate Dean of Fac- organizational research of justice agencies and ulty, Jeffrey Bain Faculty Scholar, and Professor interagency partnerships. of Law at Lewis & Clark Law School in Portland, Oregon. She has published widely in the areas of Colin A. May is an Adjunct Instructor in Criminal criminal law and procedure and environmental Justice at Stevenson University in Maryland. crimes. Jeff D. May is an Assistant Professor in the Uni- William P. Mantle is currently pursuing his versity of Alaska–Fairbanks Justice Department. PhD in Criminology and Criminal Justice at He clerked for the Superior Court in Fairbanks the University of Nebraska–Omaha. His research Alaska. Professor May researches and writes on interests include criminal justice policy, crime criminal procedural rules and alternative dispute and technology, illegal immigration, and crim- resolution practices. inogenic behaviors. Robert Mayer is a Professor of Political Science at Loyola University Chicago. He is the author of Vesna Markovic is an Assistant Professor in the Quick Cash: The Story of the Loan Shark (2010). national security program in the Henry C. Lee He has published two dozen scholarly articles College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sci- on problems in distributive justice, democratic ences at the University of New Haven. She is theory, and Russian radical thought. also a Program Manager for the Institute for the Study of Violent Groups (ISVG). Dr Markovic’s David McAloon is a student at the University research interests focus on suicide bombings, of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. Notes on Contributors xxxix

His work has been selected for publication in articles devoted to immigration, crime, and vic- Texas Law Review and Maryland Law Review.He timization. He has testified in Congress regarding is currently working as a summer associate at immigration reform. Richards, Layton & Finger, PA. Michael McGrath is Chief Information Officer James C. McCarty is a recent graduate from the of the National Civic League and Editor of the Applied Psychology program at the Pennsylvania National Civic Review. He coordinates publish- State University Berks Campus. He is attending ing, social networking, and new media projects graduate school at Lehigh University for Coun- and serves on the Fiscal Sustainability: Leader- seling and Human Services. His research interests ship, Strategy, and Civic Engagement research include counseling, gerontology, anxiety, and team, a partnership between NCL and the Uni- depression. versity of Southern California’s Bedrosian Center. In 2000, he managed NCL’s Charter Revision Elizabeth H. McConnell, an Associate Professor Project, which led to the publication of the eighth of Criminology at the University of Houston– edition of Model City Charter. Before joining the Clear Lake, is a former corrections officer and Civic League he was a reporter covering state and counselor and probation and parole officer. Her local government in Colorado and California. He publications include a book, numerous journal has a Master’s degree in Journalism from the articles, and book chapters on subjects such as University of California at Berkeley. fear of crime, youth gangs, and corrections. Alyssa McLaughlin earned her BS in Criminal John A. McConnell, the Coordinator for Justice at West Chester University in Pennsylva- Online Degree Programs at the University of nia. Houston–Downtown, also teaches criminology and criminal justice courses for University Harvey L. McMurray is Chair, Department of of Houston–Clear Lake and the University of Criminal Justice at North Carolina Central Uni- Houston–Downtown. versity. He was a 1998–1999 Senior Fulbright Scholar, Sociology Department at Makerere Uni- TanaMcCoy is an Assistant Professor at Roosevelt versity, Kampala, Uganda. He serves as a senior University in Chicago and the Program Director consultant for the United Nations African Insti- of Criminal Justice. Her research interests include tute for the Prevention of Crime and Treatment the impact of gender and race/ethnicity on deci- of Offenders (UNAFRI). Dr McMurray received sion making in both the juvenile and adult justice the Board of Governors Award for Excellence in systems. She has published research examining Teaching in May 2004; this is the highest award the relationships between race/ethnicity, family for teaching in the University of North Carolina status, and the detention of juveniles, as well as system. He serves on the North Carolina Sen- racial differences among juvenile sex offenders, tencing and Policy Advisory Commission and the and the conditions of confinement for women on StreetSafe Task Force. Dr McMurray has several death row. publications and is known for his grantsman- Courtney McDonald is an Assistant Professor ship. He has received several grants over the in the Department of Psychology and Sociology years and is currently the principal investigator at Georgia Southwestern State University. Her for two grants totaling approximately $1,000,000 primary area of research is on intimate partner from the US Department of Homeland Security abuse, including same-sex IPA and restorative in collaboration with Eastern Kentucky Univer- justice responses. sity. William F. McDonald is Professor, Department Susan McNeeley is a doctoral candidate in the of Sociology, and Co-Director, Institute of Crim- School of Criminal Justice at the University inal Law, Georgetown University. He began his of Cincinnati. Her research interests include research on immigration and crime in 1996 with causes and consequences of victimization, a Visiting Fellowship from the National Institute environmental criminology, and public opinion of Justice. He has edited one book, co-edited regarding crime and the criminal justice system. two special volumes of journals and published 19 Recent publications have appeared in the xl Notes on Contributors

Handbook of Survey Methodology for the Social Riane N. Miller is a doctoral student in the Sciences and the Encyclopedia of Street Crime. Department of Criminology and Criminal Jus- tice at the University of South Carolina. Her Kate M. McQuade spent the last year in Utah research interests include juvenile delinquency, as a counselor/mentor at a residential treatment juvenile corrections, and drug use and crime. center for juvenile girls, focusing on behavioral, emotional, and social issues. Areas of interest Sandeep Mishra is Assistant Professor of Organ- include juvenile justice and research in animal izational Behavior in the Faculty of Business cruelty. Administration at the University of Regina. His research is broadly focused on explaining pat- Randolph T. McVey (retired August 2011) was an terns of risk taking and risky behavior, includ- Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminal ing gambling and crime, using interdisciplinary Justice, West Chester University of Pennsylvania. approaches from the fields of social, cognitive, He was formerly a Corrections Administrator and evolutionary psychology. with the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. His areas of interest are management and admin- Stacy C. Moak is an Associate Professor and istration, corrections, research, and comparative Graduate Coordinator at the University of criminal justice. Arkansas at Little Rock. Her research focus is in the area of environmental criminology with Kim S. Menard´ is an Assistant Professor of particular interest in juvenile justice. She has criminal justice and women’s studies at Penn published articles in The American Journal of State–Altoona. Her research focuses on inter- Criminal Justice, The Juvenile and Family Court personal violence, specifically gender differences Journal,andThe Journal of Youth Violence and in the victimization and perpetration of these Juvenile Justice. Dr Moak is an active member of crimes, as well as victim reporting and involve- ACJS and ASC. ment in the criminal justice system. Joseph Moloney is a recent graduate of the Megan J. Mikutis is a recent graduate of the MS Criminal Justice program at West Chester University of Houston–Clear Lake and plans to University, and a graduate of Bridgewater State further her educational career in the field of law. University. Joseph is beginning his career in crim- inal justice with the Maryland Department of Holly Ventura Miller is an Associate Professor Public Safety and Correctional Services in proba- of Criminal Justice at the University of Texas tion and parole. He has conducted research on at San Antonio, a previous American Society spatial analysis and social disorganization theory. of Criminology Minority Fellow (2004), and a His research interests include crime and place, National Institute of Justice W. E. B. DuBois Fel- ethics, peacemaking, and crime analysis. low (2008–2009). Her research interests include immigration and crime, substance abuse treat- Maureen G. Mones graduated from Virginia ment, and program evaluation. Commonwealth University with a BS and MS in Criminal Justice. J. Mitchell Miller is Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Texas at San Antonio and Carlos D. Montemayor is a Research Associate an Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Fellow. in Criminal Justice and is pursuing his PhD. He He teaches and researches in the areas of juven- currently holds a Master of Science in Criminal ile justice, theoretical criminology, and program Justice from Texas State University–San Mar- evaluation. Currently, he is evaluating the impact cos. He has received graduate student paper of mentoring on youth outcomes for the Office of awards from both the Academy of Criminal Jus- Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. tice Sciences and the Southwestern Association of Criminal Justice. His research interests are youth Jeanee´ C. Miller is a doctoral student in the drug courts, policing, racial disparities within School of Criminal Justice at the University at criminal justice, and application of opportunity Albany, SUNY. Her interests include neighbor- theories of crime. His research has been published hoods and crime, race and residence, and issues in journals such as Youth Violence and Juvenile in policing. Justice, Criminal Justice Policy Review, Criminal Notes on Contributors xli

Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law Rosaura Munoz is a graduate student at Capella and Society,andPolice Practice and Research: An University. International Journal. Rebecca K. Murray is currently an Associate Pro- David M. Monticelli has been employed since fessor and Chair of the Department of Sociology, 1993 with the Henrico Division of Police where Anthropology, and Social Work at Creighton Uni- he has worked in the Identification and Booking versity. She has published articles regarding crime Unit, Uniform Operations, and currently as an and social disorganization and co-authored Mis- investigator specializing in white-collar crime. sion Based Policing (CRC Press, 2011). Dr Murray was a founding member of the Nebraska Inno- Jennifer L. Moore is an Associate Professor of cence Project, and has served as President and Criminal Justice at DeSales University in Center Executive Board member at various times since Valley, Pennsylvania. In addition to journal arti- its inception in 2007. cles, she also co-authored two textbooks, Criminal Law and Criminal Law and Procedure,withDr Randolph R. Myers is an Assistant Professor in John Worrall for Pearson Education. the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice at Old Dominion University. His current research Kirstin A. Morgan is currently a doctoral student projects examine the lives of young people in the at the University at Albany, SUNY. Her main justice system and youth-serving organizations in research interest is juvenile street gangs, with the context of neoliberal governance. His work a focus on risk factors for gang joining and has appeared in Critical Criminology, Criminol- desistance. She is also interested in multimethod ogy and Public Policy, and the British Journal of research. Criminology. Laura J. Moriarty is a Professor of Criminal Roz Myers is a writer, editor, and professor in the Justice in the Wilder School of Government and field of criminal justice. She has served for over 17 Public Affairs and the Vice Provost for Academic years as the managing editor and legal columnist and Faculty Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth for journals published by Civic Research Institute, University. Her research interests include victims including Crime Victims Report, Sex Offender Law of crime, victimology, and evaluation research. Report,andVictimization of the Elderly and Dis- Raquel Moriarty is a PhD student at University abled. Her work in other areas of law has appeared at Albany, School of Criminal Justices in Albany, in publications by West, Matthew Bender, and NY. Her research interests include juvenile delin- other major legal publishers. She teaches courses quency and qualitative methods. related to victimization, justice, and society at John Jay College, where she is pursuing a PhD Camie Morris is Visiting Instructor of Criminal in Criminal Justice, with emphasis on victim- Justice and Sociology in the Sociology Depart- ization, severe violent interpersonal crime, and ment of Carroll University. Her areas of special- restorative practices. She is a mediator certified to ization are police legitimacy and cross-national conduct Victim–Offender Mediation Dialogue, research. a voluntary post-adjudication restorative justice Sherill V. C. Morris is presently Assistant Dean process. of the College of Juvenile Justice and Psychology Chongmin Na is an Assistant Professor of John at Prairie View A&M University. She has extensive Jay College of Criminal Justice, City Univer- experience working with teen mothers in Jamaica sity of New York. His primary research interests and girls in detention in Canada. Her areas of involve the study of theoretical causal mechanism interest include minorities and the juvenile justice underlying stability and change in offending over system, school factors and delinquency, juve- the life course, school-based crime prevention, nile mental health issues, female juveniles, and and quantitative methodology. His research has restorative and community justice. appeared in Criminology, Justice Quarterly, Crime Amanda Marie Muncy is a graduate of Virginia and Justice: A Review of Research,andKorean Commonwealth University (Richmond). Criminological Review. xlii Notes on Contributors

Nader Naderi is the Lead Instructor in Sociology alcohol-related traffic crashes and fatalities as as well as the International Education Coordi- well as directed needs assessments designed nator at Lee College, Baytown, TX. Teaching to develop a comprehensive substance abuse interests include social problems, deviance, and strategy for local communities. multicultural studies. Jamie Newsome is an Assistant Professor of Mai E. Naito is a PhD student in the College of Criminal Justice at the University of Texas at San Criminal Justice at Sam Houston State University. Antonio. Her primary research interests include Michelle Naples holds a Master of Arts degree biosocial criminology, life-course criminology, in Public Affairs & Policy, and a Master of Arts and evolutionary psychology. Her previous work degree in Criminal Justice from the University has examined genetic and environmental influ- at Albany. She serves as the Delinquency and ences on criminal behavior. Court Services Division Grant Coordinator for Tomson H. Nguyen is currently an Assistant the Milwaukee County Department of Health Professor of Criminal Justice at the University and Human Services. In this role she manages of Houston–Downtown. His academic awards several juvenile justice-related projects, includ- include the Western Society of Criminology Stu- ing projects serving youth returning from juven- dent Paper Award, Academy of Criminal Justice ile correctional facilities. Previously Ms Naples Sciences Student Paper Award, and the Minority served as Associate Director for the Technical Fellowship Award from the American Society of Assistance and Policy Analysis Center for Jail Criminology. He has articles appearing in Deviant Diversion at Policy Research Associates, Inc. in Behavior and the Journal of Asian Americans and Delmar, New York, and also as a case manager Pacific Islander Nexus: Policy, Practice and Com- for the Center for Alternative Sentencing and munity. Employment Services (CASES), Inc. in New York City. She has co-authored published journal arti- Johnny Nhan is Assistant Professor of Crimi- cles on topics relating to jail diversion, desistance, nal Justice at Texas Christian University. He has and reentry. written on a variety of policing issues, focusing on cultural and structural issues in relation to John Navarro is a graduate student at Illinois cyberspace. State University working towards his Master’s degree in Criminal Justice Sciences. Daniel A. Nolan IV received his JD from Emory University School of Law and his BA from the Jana Nestlerode is Professor of Criminal Justice University of Notre Dame. His student comment, at West Chester University, Pennsylvania. She is “A ‘Fundamental’ Problem,” was published in a former prosecutor in Delaware County, Penn- 2012 in the Emory Bankruptcy Developments Jour- sylvania. She has published in The Quarterly; nal. Phoebe: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Feminist Scholarship, Theory and Aesthetics; The Prosecutor; Claire Angelique R. I. Nolasco is an Assistant Cleveland State Law Review;andForensic Digest. Professor in Criminology at Texas A&M–San Antonio. She is authorized to practice law in Anna Netterville’s areas of specialization California and the Philippines and has exten- include: ethics in criminal justice; domestic sive corporate and litigation experience, having violence; courts and the criminal justice system; worked first in private practice in the Philippines corrections; and the application of geographic and Japan. Her research interests include criminal information systems in the criminal justice law, court systems, organized crime, white-collar system. Dr Netterville has been awarded com- crime, and corporate crime. munity development grants from The United States Department of Substance Abuse and Kerstin Nordlof¨ , a Doctor of Law and a Professor Mental Health Services Administration, Research at Orebro¨ University in Sweden, is a distinguished Triangle International, North Carolina Southeast leading authority in defending children’s rights in Regional Mental Health Services, and The Kate the Nordic countries. She has several publications B. Reynolds Charitable Trust. In the past, Dr in the field and has lectured extensively. She was Netterville has conducted research addressing a judge of the Court of Appeal in Stockholm. Notes on Contributors xliii

Her books have been a good source of refer- in international law and all aspects of criminal ence in the preparatory works of the Swedish law, including domestic, comparative, and inter- government and broadly referred to by schol- national criminal law. His publications include ars of criminal law and criminal procedures. She Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asym- has published articles including “The Legal Phi- metrical World (Oxford University Press, 2012, losophy of Protecting a Suspect Child” (2006), co-edited with Claire Finkelstein and Andrew “International Principles and Rights of Children Altman), and Defending Humanity: When Force in Criminal Cases” (2007), and “Economic Rai- is Justified and Why (Oxford University Press, son d’etreˆ of Trafficking in Children” (2012), and 2008, co-authored with George Fletcher); the lat- a book dealing with juveniles in social, criminal ter offers a comparative analysis of the rules of and procedural law (Unga lagovertr¨ adare¨ i social-, self-defense in international law and criminal law. straff- och processratt¨ , 2nd edn, 2012). Nordlof¨ is He has published numerous essays and articles the co-author of the books Confessing the Interna- in law reviews and journals on topics ranging tional Rights of Children (2012) and Prohibition of from conspiracy and complicity to genocide and Sexual Exploitation of Children Constituting Obli- torture. gatio Erga Omnes (2013). She is also the editor Godpower O. Okereke is a Professor of of The Sovereignty of Children in Law (2012) and Sociology and Criminal Justice at Texas Argumentation in Nordic Criminal Law (Argu- A&M University–Texarkana. His research and mentation i nordisk straffratt¨ , 2013). publications are in the following areas: law Meghan A. Novisky is a doctoral candidate in the enforcement; violence against women; domestic Department of Sociology at Kent State Univer- violence; spousal abuse; human trafficking; sity. Her research interests include victimization, economic development; crime and punishment; corrections, and inmate-related health issues. administration of justice. In addition to her involvement with research, David Orrick was one of the very first people Meghan also has extensive experience as a victim specifically to be a student in the then brand-new advocate. concept of criminal justice as an academic Shannon E. O’Brien is a student in the Crim- discipline. His dissertation research involved inal Justice Master’s program at the Univer- Vermont’s unprecedented close of its only prison sity of Houston–Downtown. Other publications without immediate replacement. He has moved include “Alternative Sentencing and Malcolm X: between stand-alone research and university From Pariah to Legacy” in African Americans and teaching since the early 1970s, and played a Criminal Justice: An Encyclopedia (Greenwood, key role in the original sentencing guidelines 2014). research. His current interests include child sexual abuse, comparative research, and court Brian F. O’Neill has been teaching for the past operations. 20 years, and has been a Professor of Criminal Justice at West Chester University since 1998. Kimberly T. Osborne has studied criminal jus- Previously he was a social worker for 10 years. His tice for nearly 20 years. She attended the High publications include research on minority over- School of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice representation in the juvenile justice system in in Houston, TX and is currently a graduate stu- detention and out-of-home placement and an his- dent seeking the Master’s degree in Criminology torical case study on the insanity defense. In addi- from the University of Houston–Clear Lake. tion, Dr O’Neill wrote, narrated, and produced Michael Osborne, an honors graduate, is a pub- El Padre y Los Homies (http://bowrangus.com/ lished short story author and is currently a homies/index.html), a radio documentary about freelance writer. Father Greg Boyle, the founder of Homeboy Jennifer Lynn Owens was honored with the Industries, a gang intervention program in Los University of California–Davis “Mary Jeanne Angeles. Gilhooly Award” for most outstanding graduating Jens David Ohlin is currently Associate Profes- woman. Her research interests include contextual sor of Law at Cornell Law School. He specializes influences on sentencing, criminal justice policy xliv Notes on Contributors relating to capital punishment, and quantitative a BA in History, both from Columbia College. He research methods. is a lifelong public servant who currently works in Law Enforcement. Kyle is also an Adjunct Ernestina Palomares, a former graduate student at the University of Houston–Clear Lake, com- Instructor in Criminal Justice. pleted the requirements for the Master of Arts in Nicolle Parsons-Pollard is an Associate Professor Criminology. in the Department of Sociology, Social Work and Konstantinos Papazoglou is a Psychology PhD Criminal Justice and the Assistant Vice Provost for candidate with clinical orientation and Vanier Academic Operations at Virginia State University. scholar at the University of Toronto. He obtained Her research interests include disproportionate his Master’s degree in Mental Health Counseling minority contact, truancy, and correctional pro- at NYU as Onassis foundation scholar in 2010. He gram evaluation. worked as a uniformed clinician with military per- Joshua Frank Pearman is currently a Family sonnel (2006–2008) and police cadets in Athens, Counselor in Richmond, VA. He received his Greece (2010–2012) and inmates in correctional Master of Social Work with a concentration in facilities of the State of NY (2009–2010). In addi- clinical practice from Virginia Commonwealth tion to numerous publications on his work in the University (Richmond). conceptualization of complex police trauma and community-based trauma prevention through Moira Peelo is an independent researcher and culturally relevant interventions, he has presented consultant, and honorary researcher at the Uni- his work throughout North America and Europe versity of Cumbria, having worked previously on (e.g., APA, ACJS, ISTSS). For almost 14 years numerous social research projects. Her research (1998–2012), Konstantinos worked as a uni- interests have focused on marginality in crime, formed police officer in Athens, Greece and was education, and health. Her books include the promoted to police captain in 2009. For two con- co-authored Making Sense of Criminology (Polity secutive years, he has contributed, as an expert, Press, 2002) and Questioning Crime and Crimi- to the “Training the Trainers” seminar held by nology (Willan, 2005), both with Keith Soothill. the European Police College and the Federal Ger- KasheaPegram is a doctoral student in the School man Police University in Muenster, Germany. He of Criminal Justice at Rutgers University. Her is also a co-moderator of the European Police research interests are prisoner reentry, commu- Psychologists Network (EMPEN) sponsored by the European Police College. Konstantinos is a nity corrections, and evaluation research. lifetime member of the Alpha Phi Sigma National Terry L. Penney, MSc Criminal Justice Adminis- Criminal Justice Honor Society, a full member tration (CJA), is a professional accountant (CGA) of the Sigma Xi Scientific Research Society, and and a CFE. He lectures part time in Fraud Audit a member of the Academy of Criminal Justice and Economic Crime in the College of Busi- Sciences. ness Administration’s Accounting program and Jason M. Paratore, an undergraduate student in the graduate CJA program at Niagara Uni- majoring in Criminology at the University of versity. As a consultant he provides forensic Houston–Clear Lake, also volunteers with organ- accounting, fraud audit, audit and risk review izations that help underprivileged children in services. Jamaica. Maria B. Perez is an undergraduate student at Stacy K. Parker is Assistant Professor of Criminal the University of Houston–Clear Lake majoring Justice at Muskingum University in New Con- in Criminology. cord, Ohio. She teaches in the areas of courts, Raquel I. Perez, an undergraduate student at the corrections, and criminal law, evidence, and pro- University of Houston–Clear Lake, is majoring cedure. Her research interests include capital in Criminology and plans to pursue a graduate punishment and legal issues. degree in Criminology. She earned an Associate Kyle L. Parks is a doctoral candidate at Walden of Arts degree in Criminology from San Jacinto University. He has an MS in Criminal Justice and College. Notes on Contributors xlv

Elizabeth B. Perkins is currently an Assistant policy, theory testing, cross-national comparative Professor of Criminology at Morehead State research, and quantitative research methods. University. Her research interests include poli- Lilit Petrosian is a Master of Criminal Justice cing, compassion fatigue, the association with student at the University of Colorado Denver post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use, in the School of Public Affairs Department. Her criminal justice organizations, and qualitative career aspirations include working at a local police research methods. Dr Biebel has served as department as a crime analyst. Areas of interest director of a law enforcement academy, as include policing, criminal justice ethics, forensic well as consulted for police agencies across the psychology, human trafficking, crime analysis, country. She has peer-reviewed publications in and criminal profiling. Criminology and Public Policy, Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, Police Forum,andJournal of Laura G. Pettler, owner of Carolina Forensics, Addiction Medicine, in addition to several book LLC, published the second empirical study on chapters. crime scene staging to date. She developed the first empirical theory of crime scene staging and Michael L. Perlin is Professor of Law at New York an empirically based early detection methodology Law School (NYLS), Director of NYLS’s Online for use in the field by law enforcement. Dr Pettler Mental Disability Law Program, and Director is a member of the International Association of NYLS’s International Mental Disability Law for Identification’s Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Reform Project in its Justice Action Center. For- Subcommittee and presents forensic-related merly the Director of the Division of Mental courses to law enforcement professionals and Health Advocacy in the NJ Department of the in the academic environment throughout the Public Advocate and Deputy Public Defender in United States and abroad. charge of the Mercer County(Trenton) NJ Office John D. Pina is a graduate of the University of of the Public Defender, he has published 22 books Houston–Clear Lake. A veteran of the United and over 250 articles on all aspects of mental dis- States Marine Corps, he is currently employed as ability law, many focusing on issues of criminal a correctional officer by the FBI. law and procedure. His most recent books are International Human Rights and Mental Disability Gillian M. Pinchevsky is a faculty member in the Law: When the Silenced are Heard (Oxford Uni- Department of Criminal Justice at the Univer- versity Press, 2011), and Mental Disability and the sity of Nevada, Las Vegas. Her research interests Death Penalty: The Shame of the States (Rowman include criminal justice responses to intimate & Littlefield, 2013). He and Professor Cucolo partner violence, court processing, and the impact are currently expanding the second edition of of the neighborhood context on victimization and his five-volume treatise (Mental Disability Law: offending. Civil and Criminal) into a seven-volume, third Doshie Piper is a Research Assistant and edition. Adjunct Instructor at Prairie View A&M David Persky is a Professor of Criminal Justice at University. She is currently pursuing her PhD Saint Leo University. He has practiced law in the in Juvenile Justice. Her teaching and research state courts of Florida. experience includes Clinical Program Grant Coordinator and Clinical Service Provider at the Bryce E. Peterson is a PhD student and Adjunct Talbert House, Inc., Criminal Justice Adjunct Lecturer at John Jay College of Criminal Jus- Instructor at Brown Mackie College, Cincinnati, tice/City University of New York Graduate Cen- and Research Associate at the University of ter. He has also worked as a Pinkerton Graduate Cincinnati. She holds two professional licenses Research Fellow with the Research and Evaluation in chemical dependency counseling. Her Center at John Jay College, the Project Manager of publications have been in applied statistical the Correctional Incident Database, and a Sum- techniques in criminal justice and criminology, mer Associate at the Urban Institute. His research youth substance use, and African Americans and interests include correctional misconduct and criminal justice. xlvi Notes on Contributors

Nicole Leeper Piquero is a Professor of Crimino- University. His most recent books include Inter- logy and Associate Dean for Graduate Programs national Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate in the School of Economic, Political, and Policy Crime, Social Deviance,andProfit Without Honor: Sciences at the University of Texas at Dallas. Her White-Collar Crime and the Looting of America. research focus includes the study of white-collar Dr Pontell has served as Vice-President of the and corporate crimes, criminological theory, and American Society of Criminology and President gender and crime. of the Western Society of Criminology, and is a Fellow of both organizations. Alexander W. Pisciotta is Professor and Chair in the Department of Criminal Justice at Kutz- Dennis Popojas is an attorney who resides and town University. He has published historical practices in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. During his articles on a number of topics, including his- legal career, he worked in both the private and torical research methods, in criminal justice, public sectors, from which he gained a wide range criminology, and law journals. His book – Benev- of experience. While working for the Washing- olent Repression: Social Control and the American ton County District Attorney’s Office, he acted Reformatory-Prison Movement (1994) – received as special counsel to Washington County’s first the Outstanding Book Award from the Academy investigative grand jury. He also performed duties of Criminal Justice Sciences in 1997. as manager of task forces, specializing in the inves- tigation and prosecution of illegal gambling and Chip Pitts is a Lecturer in Law at Stanford Law nuisance bars and taverns. School, a Professorial Lecturer at Oxford Uni- versity, and Professor of Law at Kyung Hee Chad Posick is an Assistant Professor in the Law School in Seoul, Korea. He also teaches Department of Criminal Justice and Crimino- as a Visiting Professor at China Europe Inter- logy at Georgia Southern University. His research national Business School and is the author of interests include the victim–offender overlap, books and articles on corporate social responsi- restorative justice, and the role of emotions in bility and accountability. His research interests antisocial behavior. include business and human rights, and neuro- Nicole Prior is an Assistant Professor in the science and the law. Department of Criminal Justice and Criminol- Breanne Pleggenkuhle is an Assistant Professor ogy at East Tennessee State University. She is also in the Department of Criminology and Criminal a licensed psychological associate and works with Justice at Southern Illinois University Carbon- inmates in the State of North Carolina. dale. Her research interests focus on prisoner David J. Pritchard’s primary research interest reentry, looking at recidivism, collateral conse- is the relation between criminal justice organ- quences of a felony conviction, and contextual izations and the larger whole of public policy. characteristics of residence post-release. Dr Pritchard currently serves as a Captain with Henry N. Pontell is Professor of Criminology, the Chesterfield County (Virginia) Police Depart- Law, and Society in the School of Social Eco- ment and as an Adjunct Professor with the L. Dou- logy and of Sociology in the School of Social glas Wilder School of Government and Public Sciences. Among other awards and honors, Dr Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University. Pontell has received the Albert J. Reiss, Jr Distin- Mandi Pugh is a graduate of Roosevelt University guished Scholarship Award from the American where she majored in Criminal Justice. She is cur- Sociological Association, the Donald R. Cressey rently involved in a study exploring the relevance Award from the Association of Certified Fraud of general strain theory in explaining the adjust- Examiners, the Paul Tappan Award from the ments of family members of serial killers. She Western Society of Criminology, and the Her- presently lives in Okinawa, Japan and is obtaining bert Bloch Award from the American Society of her degree through online courses. Criminology. He is an Honorary Professor and Fellow in the Centre for Criminology at the Uni- Cara Rabe-Hemp is an Associate Professor in versity of Hong Kong, and a recipient of the Cecil the Department of Criminal Justice Sciences at and Ida Green Honors Chair at Texas Christian Illinois State University. Her research interests Notes on Contributors xlvii include gender and policing, small and rural perceptions of shaming among mental health policing, citizen perceptions of the police, and court participants. autonomous learning and student engagement Lena M. Reardon holds a BSc in Criminal Justice in the online classroom. Her recent publications from Virginia Commonwealth University and is have appeared in Women and Criminal Justice, a member of several professional honors frater- Police Quarterly, Feminist Criminology, Journal of nities including Phi Kappa Phi, Alpha Phi Sigma, Criminal Justice,andPolicing: An International and Phi Theta Kappa. A recipient of the Out- Journal of Police Strategies and Management.In standing Criminal Justice Undergraduate Award 2010, Cara was awarded the University Research (spring 2010), she was a member of the All- Initiative Award. Michigan Academic Team (2003), for which she Peter Racheotes is a Professor of Counseling at was recognized by the State of Michigan House of Texas A&M University–Texarkana. His research Representatives. and publications are in the areas of domestic Sławomir M. Redo is Professor of Criminology violence, violence against women, and victim at the Łazarski University (Warsaw, Poland) and counseling/advocacy. Privatdozent at the Law Faculty of the University Alicia Raia is a doctoral student in Sociology of Vienna (Austria). As a United Nations Senior at Rutgers University–New Brunswick. Her Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Expert research interests include residential segregation, and in other UN capacities, in 1981–2011 he educational inequality, and juvenile crime was involved in the elaboration and implementa- tion of the United Nations crime prevention and prevention. Prior to beginning her graduate criminal justice law. Mostly on the above topic he studies, Raia taught middle and high school published about 50 articles, three books, and co- Language Arts in New York City (2007–2009) edited three others, including For the Rule of Law: and Asbury Park, NJ (2010) as a member of Criminal Justice Teaching and Training Across the Teach For America. World (2008) and Blue Criminology. The Power Dendi Ramdani is a Postdoctoral Fellow working of United Nations Ideas to Counter Crime Glob- on a project on entrepreneurship granted from ally (2012), both from the European Institute for Belspo (Belgian Science Policy) at the University Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the of Antwerp, Belgium. His research interests relate UN. Currently, he teaches “The United Nations to corporate governance, corporate crime, and and Crime Prevention course.” He is a member firm behavior. His PhD research project focuses of the Academic Council on the United Nations on the impact of corporate governance on firm System. bribery and firm performance in different insti- W. M. Reger IV teaches Russian and Military tutional contexts. He has published in the British History at Illinois State University, in addition to Journal of Management and Journal of Business classes on the History of Piracy. He has researched Ethics. and written several articles about Early Modern Ryan Randa is currently at the College of Crim- European mercenary officers who entered Russian inal Justice at Sam Houston State University. Dr during the seventeenth century to assist with the Randa has published in the area of environmental reforms of the Pre-Petrine Russian army. Dr Reger criminology and victimization. is currently the Editor of the Military Encyclopedia of Russia and Eurasia. Blake M. Randol is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University John David Reitzel is an Assistant Professor of of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Criminal Justice in the L. Douglas Wilder School of Criminal Justice at Virginia Commonwealth Bradley Ray is an Assistant Professor at Indiana University in Richmond. His research focuses on University–Purdue University, Indianapolis. In race and ethnic issues in crime and criminal jus- his research he uses a multimethod approach to tice, particularly the police response to crime. He conduct applied research on social and crimi- is the author of multiple peer-reviewed articles, nal justice programs. He is currently examining book chapters, and other works. xlviii Notes on Contributors

CallieMarieRennison is an Associate Professor at Michael Rocque is the Director of Research the University of Colorado Denver in the School for the Maine Department of Corrections and of Public Affairs. Dr Rennison’s work focuses an adjunct faculty member of the University on violent victimization with an emphasis on of Maine, Orono Sociology Department. His research methodology, quantitative analysis, and research interests include life-course criminol- measurement. Recent published research can be ogy, race and justice, and crime prevention. His found in journals including the Journal of Quanti- work has appeared in the Journal of Criminal tative Criminology, Justice Quarterly, Violence and Justice, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminol- Victims,andViolence Against Women. ogy, Deviant Behavior, Victims & Offenders,and International Journal of Offender Therapy and Cassandra L. Reyes is an Assistant Professor Comparative Criminology. of Criminal Justice at West Chester University of Pennsylvania. With regard to animal cru- Carlos E. Rojas-Gaona is a PhD candidate at elty and the criminal justice system, Dr Reyes the University of Cincinnati. He was an Intern has presented numerous papers at national and Researcher for the National Council for Crime international conferences on the topic, along Prevention in Stockholm, Sweden and earned his with teaching an animal cruelty course and pro- MS in Criminal Justice at the University of Cincin- vided trainings/workshops on animal cruelty for nati in 2009. In 2011 he held a position as Editorial criminal justice professionals and students. She Assistant of Policing: An International Journal of also has published a book entitled Of Fists and Police Strategies & Management. More recently Fangs: An Exploration of the Degree to which the he has worked as lead facilitator in the MS Dis- Graduation Hypothesis Predicts Future Adolescent tance Learning Program of Criminal Justice, and Delinquency and Aggression. In addition, Dr Reyes as committee member of the Graduate Research has co-edited a book entitled Animal Cruelty: A and Discussion Sessions group at the Univer- Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding with sity of Cincinnati. His current research interests Dr Mary P. Brewster (Carolina Academic Press, are environmental criminology, situational crime 2013). prevention, and victimology. Omara Rivera-Vazquez is an Assistant Professor Carl Root is a doctoral student in Criminology in the Department of Public Justice at the State at the University of South Florida. His research University of New York–Oswego. Her research interests include inequality and injustice, critical interests include Latino youth in the juvenile theory, social movements, and political violence. justice system, risk and protective factors for child Marilyn Marks Rubin is a Professor of Public abuse, and disproportionate minority contact. Administration and Economics at John Jay Col- Jessica L. Robertson has an MS in Criminal lege of the City University of New York (CUNY) Justice from Virginia Commonwealth University where she is also Director of the MPA Pro- (Richmond) where she graduated in May 2012. gram. Dr Rubin has published articles in several professional journals including the Public Admin- Paul T. Robertson is a 2013 candidate for Juris istration Review, Public Budgeting and Finance, Doctor at the University of Richmond School of and the Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice Law in Richmond. He is a member of the editorial and has authored chapters in a number of books. staffoftheUniversity of Richmond Law Review, She has been a visiting professor at a number of and a member of the Moot Court Board. As a universities outside the United States and was a native Virginian, he plans to join the Virginia Bar Fulbright Senior Specialist Program Advisor to a and focus on civil practice. university in Ecuador. She has served as a con- sultant to officials at all levels of government in JenniferL.Rockett is a Research Scientist with the the United States and is a Fellow in the National Texas Juvenile Crime Prevention Center at Prairie Academy of Public Administration. View A&M University. She has held academic, research, and clinical positions. Dr Rockett has James (Jim) Ruiz is an Associate Professor of presented and published empirical research on Criminal Justice in the School of Public Affairs issues related to juvenile crime. at Pennsylvania State University–Harrisburg. He Notes on Contributors xlix began his career in criminal justice as a police has written three books and one book chapter, officer with the New Orleans Police Department and published two articles. in 1967 and retired in 1985. His research interests Holly Samuels is a Practicing Attorney in West include police administration and supervision, Chester, PA and a member of the Pennsylvania ethics in policing, police interaction with persons Bar Association. with mental illness, use of force, canine deploy- ment, and the Ku Klux Klan. He is a co-editor of Joseph B. Sanborn, Jr’s teaching and research The Handbook of Police Administration. interests mostly involve the juvenile court process and the fairness of decision making in that forum. Deborah Pace Rush has 20 years’ experience in Other research interests include criminal courts, private security and law enforcement and is a recent Master’s graduate of American Military criminal procedure, and the relationship between University. human rights and criminal/juvenile justice. Jeffrey P. Rush is an Assistant Professor of Marcelina A. Sanchez is currently an under- Criminal Justice at Troy University. A law graduate student majoring in Criminology at the enforcement officer for 30 years, he is a past University of Houston–Clear Lake. President and the current Secretariat of the Kristin L. Santos is a graduate student with the Southern Criminal Justice Association. University of Akron, seeking her PhD in the Brenda Russell is an Associate Professor of Psy- Sociology department. Kristin is specializing in chology at Penn State–Berks. Her scholarly and criminology and mental health. teaching interests include psychology and law Julie Schaefer is a Research Assistant at More- as it pertains to jury decision making as well head State University. She has presented at a as examining perceptions of victims and perpe- poster session on topics including employment trators in cases of domestic violence, rape, and interventions in substance abuse treatment and sexual harassment. Dr Russell’s published works drug courts. She is currently the data coordina- examine how sex and sexual orientation influ- tor and research assistant for multiple evaluation ence legal decision making. Included among her projects examining outcomes associated with par- publications are Perceptions of Female Offenders: ticipation in adult treatment drug courts funded How Stereotypes and Social Norms Affect Criminal by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Ser- Justice Responses (Springer, New York) and The vices Administration Center for Substance Abuse Battered Woman’s Syndrome as a Legal Defense Treatment. (MacFarland & Co., Jefferson, NY). Lonnie M. Schaible is Assistant Professor of Melissa Mauck Ryan is currently working on Criminology and Criminal Justice in the School of her PhD in Criminal Justice from Sam Houston Public Affairs at the University of Colorado Den- State University with areas of interest including ver. His research interests include the impact of criminology, the death penalty, justifiable homi- transitions in policing on organizations and indi- cide, obedience to power, and prosecution of vidual officers within them. Dr Schaible’s broader intoxication manslaughter. interests include communities and crime, cross- Prapon Sahapattana entered into the law en- national criminology, and general theory testing. forcement society as a cadet at the Royal Thai Victoria L. Schall is currently completing her Police Cadet Academy. He worked in police sta- third year at the School of Criminal Justice at the tions for four years and then worked as a faculty University at Albany. Her major interests include member in the Royal Thai Police Cadet Academy. juvenile justice, corrections, school to prison In 2002, he was selected to join an FBI course pipeline, and juvenile residential treatments. at the FBI Academy in Quantico, VA. He was teaching in the Royal Thai Police Cadet Academy Edward J. Schauer, co-founder and vice- until 2011. Dr Sahapattana retired from the police president of the non-profit organization, Equip department at the rank of police colonel and the Saints, and retired associate professor, was joined faculty members at the National Institute instrumental in the development of the Texas of Development Administration, Thailand. He Juvenile Crime Prevention Center, the College of l Notes on Contributors

Juvenile Justice and Psychology, and the world’s Research Award from the National Consortium first doctoral program in juvenile justice, all for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to at Prairie View A&M University. His research Terrorism (START). interests lie in the areas of sex trafficking and Christopher J. Schreck is a Professor in the prostitution, women’s issues in criminal justice, Department of Criminal Justice at the Rochester and black male success. He has employed socio- Institute of Technology. His research looks into drama in teaching critical thinking skills for 10 victimization and violent offending. He is a past years in the Academy for Collegiate Excellence Editor of the Journal of Criminal Justice Education and Student Success (ACCESS) – an award- and the Journal of Crime and Justice. winning summer academic enrichment program. Dr Schauer has published both nationally and Stefan Schumann has been a Researcher and internationally with his two most prominent Lecturer in law at German and Austrian Univer- and frequently cited publications being “Sex sities since 2001. Since 2012 he has been Deputy Trafficking into the United States: A Literature Head of the Department for Corporate Criminal Review” (Criminal Justice Review, 2006, with Law and Criminal Justice at the Johannes Kepler E. M. Wheaton) and “Economics of Human University of Linz (Austria). He graduated from Trafficking” (International Migration,Special the Univers´ıty of Bayreuth in 1998 and passed Issue on Human Trafficking, 2010, with E. M the German Judge and Bar Exam in 2001. His Wheaton and T. V. Galli). research focuses on transnational criminal justice and European criminal law, human rights, and Amie R. Scheidegger is currently an Associate European law. He served as an expert in criminal Professor and Criminal Justice Program Coor- procedure law to the EU Commission, and he was dinator at Brevard College. Her most recent invited as an expert by the United Nations Office publication, “Female Sex Offenders: Does Any- on Drugs and Crime, where he also served as a one Really Get Hurt?” appears in Controversies representative for the Academic Council of the in Victimology, 2nd edn (ed. L. J. Moriarty, 2010, United Nations System (ACUNS). Furthermore, Anderson, Cincinnati). he is a member of the Legal Expert Advisory Panel Jacqueline L. Schneider is Chair and Professor of Fair Trials International. His recent work and in the Department of Criminal Justice Sciences at publications include studies on the cross-border Illinois State University, Normal, IL. She taught transfer of prisoners (2013), on Pre-trial Emer- and conducted research in England where her gency Defence (NWV, 2012), and on drug laws work on stolen goods markets has been put for- and quasi-compulsory treatment (Gesundheitsbe- ward as best practice and has attracted interest zogene Maßnahmen und Suchtmittel(straf)recht, by policy makers in Chile. In addition to her NWV, 2012). many other grants, she was the first recipient Martin D. Schwartz is Visiting Professor of Soci- of the Home Office’s Innovative Research Chal- ology at George Washington University. He has lenge Grant (UK) and she received an outstanding published roughly 150 articles and chapters, and teaching award in the United States. Her pub- 14 books, mostly on violence against women but lished works include several academic papers and also on criminological theory. A former Chair chapters in books. Her book, Sold into Extinc- of the Division on Critical Criminology of the tion, received the Distinguished Book Award, American Society of Criminology, he has also 2012 from the American Society of Criminol- received their lifetime achievement award, the ogy’s Division of International Criminology. Her distinguished scholar award of the Division on research areas are stolen goods markets and the Women and Crime, the Academy Fellow Award illegal trade in endangered flora and fauna. of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, and the distinguished scholar award from the ACJS Angela Scholes is a Research Associate at the Section on Critical Criminal Justice. University of Liverpool. Her main interests are political assassinations and terrorism, along with Joseph J. Schwerha IV is an Associate Profes- other areas of forensic psychology. Dr Scholes sor of Business Law and Technology. A former has twice been the recipient of the Terrorism prosecutor, he possesses a unique outlook and Notes on Contributors li experience in matters dealing with cybercrime, at Armstrong Atlantic State University, in digital investigations, and privacy. He has pub- Savannah, Georgia. lished numerous articles and often speaks domes- Lisa M. Shannon is an Assistant Professor of tically and abroad. Social Work at Morehead State University. Leroy B. Scott is a student in the Law and Psy- She has published in peer-reviewed journals chology Program at the University of Nebraska– on topics including intimate partner violence, Lincoln. His research examines how people’s per- substance use/abuse, and perinatal substance ceptions of blame influence their attitudes toward use. Dr Shannon is currently the Principal vicarious liability laws in both the familial and Investigator for multiple evaluation projects business settings. Vicarious liability is strict liabil- examining outcomes associated with partici- ity imposed upon one individual or entity for the pation in community-based substance abuse act of another based on their relationship. treatment services (e.g., Drug Court, Volunteers of America) funded by the Substance Abuse and Graham Seal holds a personal chair as Professor Mental Health Services Administration Center of Folklore at Curtin University, Western Aus- for Substance Abuse Treatment. Additionally, tralia, where he is Director of the Australia–Asia- she is the Principal Investigator for a statewide Pacific Institute. He has written widely on social evaluation of Kentucky Drug Courts with banditry and related topics, most recently in his funding from the Bureau of Justice Assistance. Outlaw Heroes in Myth and History (2011). Christopher Sharp is currently an Assistant Pro- Dale Sechrest (1939–2011) was a Professor fessor at Valdosta State University. Emeritus of Criminal Justice at California State University–San Bernardino. He practiced, Gregory P. Shelley is currently an Associate taught, and published in the field of corrections Professor of Psychology at Kutztown University for over 40 years. His work focused on the evalu- of Pennsylvania. He regularly teaches classes in ation of corrections programs, including juvenile Social Psychology, Health Psychology, Statistics, diversion, correctional privatization, substance and Experimental Design. Dr Shelley has pub- abuse programs, treatment of mentally ill offend- lished and presented a number of studies in the ers, victim–offender reconciliation programs, area of person-perception, interpersonal decep- and correctional standards. His scholarship tion, and facial expressions. His research examines included research on drug treatment pro- the extent to which objectively measured facial grams, both methadone maintenance programs expressions can serve as reliable cues to deception nationally and drug courts in California. and to the perception of a stranger’s personality. Cathie Perselay Seidman is an attorney and Asso- Walter W. Shelley is currently a Master’s stu- ciate Professor of Criminal Justice at Hudson dent at the University at Albany, SUNY. He is County Community College, Jersey City, NJ. She particularly interested in the role of family struc- also taught as an adjunct at the Rutgers School of ture in the life course, and its effects on gang Criminal Justice. She served over four years as an members. Assistant District Attorney in the Kings County David Shichor is Professor Emeritus of Crim- District Attorney’s Office, Brooklyn, NY. inal Justice, California State University–San Ronald Server is the former Program Coordina- Bernardino. He taught at the Tel Aviv University, tor and now an Adjunct Professor of Criminal Israel prior to his arrival at CSUSB. He has Law in the College of Juvenile Justice and Psycho- written, co-authored, and co-edited several logy at Prairie View A&M University, Texas. His books and published numerous articles and book recent publications include the book Readings in chapters on various topics, including juvenile Juvenile Justice (2009). He has research interests in delinquency, victimization, white-collar crime, consumer protection, comparative law, criminal corrections, and privatization in criminal justice. law and procedure. DinaSiegel is Professor of Criminology at Utrecht Kyrstin L. Shackelford is currently working University in the Netherlands. She is President of toward her MS degree in criminal justice IASOC and a member of the scientific board of lii Notes on Contributors

CIROC. She has published on the Russian mafia, Alabama at Birmingham. He is also co-founder human trafficking, crime in the diamond sector, and Associate Director of the Center for Infor- the XTC industry, underground banking, and the mation Assurance and Joint Forensics Research. role of women in criminal organizations. Her He has conducted research on campus crime and recent publications include The Mazzel Ritual: related issues for more than 20 years. He is the Customs, Culture and Crime in the Diamond Trade author or co-author of several books, technical (2009) and Organized Crime: Culture, Markets and reports, and multiple journal articles on campus Policies (with H. Nelen, 2008). crime and related topics. John S. Siffert is a Partner at Lankler Siffert & Brian T. Smith is an Assistant Professor of Crim- Wohl LLP. He is a Fellow and past Regent of the inal Justice at the University of New Haven. American College of Trial Lawyers, and he cur- At Rutgers University, where he was a disser- rently serves on its Foundation. He serves on the tation fellow, he instructed several undergraduate Judicial Advisory Committee of the Federal Rules courses and was actively involved in student devel- of Criminal Procedure. He previously served on opment. Brian researched homicide in Newark, the Disciplinary Committee for the First Depart- NJ as part of Operation Ceasefire at the Police ment. He is on the Honors Committee of the Institute at Rutgers. Additionally, Brian previ- City Bar Association and past Chair of NYLPI. He ously served as a police officer in a New Jersey is an Adjunct Professor at NYU School of Law, city. and co-authored with Sand et al., Modern Federal Carter F. Smith was involved in military and Jury Instructions and Business Crime. He was an federal law enforcement for over 22 years. He Assistant US Attorney in the SDNY, and law clerk is an Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice and to the Hon. Murray I. Gurfein. Homeland Security at Austin Peay State Univer- Barbara Sims is Professor and Coordinator of sity in Clarksville, TN. Dr Smith is a founding Criminal Justice at Mars Hill College in Mars Hill, board member of the Tennessee Gang Investi- NC. She joined Penn State–Harrisburg’s School gators Association and a member of the Army of Public Affairs in 1997 and was promoted to CID Special Agents’ Association, the Academy of Professor in 2008. She served as Chair of the Crim- Criminal Justice Sciences, the Southern Criminal inal Justice Program at Penn State–Harrisburg Justice Association, and the Fraternal Order of from 2006 to 2011. Dr Sims’ primary teaching Police. interests include criminological theory, research Christi M. Smith is currently teaching at Dela- methods, and juvenile law and justice, both at the ware Valley College and is also a Domestic Vio- undergraduate and graduate level. lence Investigator for the County of Bucks. She Simon I. Singer joined the faculty as a Professor formerly worked as an adult probation officer for at Northeastern University’s School of Crimin- Chester and Bucks Counties. ology and Criminal Justice in 2001. Previously Molly Smith is a graduate student at Sam Hous- he taught in the Sociology Department at the ton State University in Huntsville, Texas. She is State University of New York at Buffalo. In 1999 currently working on an MA in Criminal Jus- he received the American Sociological Associ- tice in Criminology and her research interests ation’s Distinguished Scholar Award in Crime, include criminological theory, criminal profiling, Law, and Deviance for his book Recriminalizing sex crimes, and drug policy. Delinquency: Violent Juvenile Crime and Juve- James J. Sobol is an Associate Professor in the nile Justice Reform (Cambridge University Press, Criminal Justice Department at Buffalo State 1996). His current research focuses on delin- College. His research includes empirical assess- quency among middle-class suburban youths and ments of police behavior, police attitudes, police on the life course of juveniles sentenced to long- organizations, and violence reduction strategies. term imprisonment. His recent research relates to understanding how John J. Sloan III is Professor of Criminal Justice police organizations respond to contemporary and Sociology and Chairperson of the Depart- challenges and identifying ways to improve their ment of Justice Sciences at the University of effectiveness. Notes on Contributors liii

Keith Soothill is Emeritus Professor of Social Program (A-CAPPP) at Michigan State Univer- Research in the Department of Applied Social Sci- sity. ence and Honorary Professor in the Department Richard Stansfield is a Sociology PhD candi- of Mathematics and Statistics at Lancaster Univer- date at the University of Delaware, and a former sity. His current research interests are in the areas research analyst for the Oregon State Hospital. His of homicide, sex offending, criminal careers, and research interests include violence and homicide, changing patterns of offending over time. He has and the intersection of economic disadvantage, co-authored Making Sense of Criminology (Polity ethnicity, immigration, and crime. Press, 2002) and Questioning Crime and Crimi- nology (Willan Press, 2005) with Moira Peelo, and Skylar R. Steele is a student in the five-year also co-authored Understanding Criminal Careers BACJ/MCJ degree program at the University of (Willan Press, 2009). Colorado Denver’s School of Public Affairs. His William H. Sousa is an Associate Professor in research interests include white-collar crime, the Department of Criminal Justice at the Uni- juvenile delinquency, police jurisdiction and versity of Nevada, Las Vegas. His past research crime relationships, and public policy related projects include studies of crime reduction poli- to political actions affecting the criminal justice cies implemented by the New York City Police system. His career goals include a desire to Department and evaluations of police-led initia- be involved in law enforcement, community tives to improve safety in Los Angeles. His current relationships, further research surrounding projects involve police order-maintenance prac- effective policing methods, and continuing tices, police management, and community crime education including obtaining a PhD degree. prevention in Las Vegas neighborhoods. Benjamin Steiner is an Assistant Professor in the Kimberly Ann Sparks is an undergraduate stu- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at dent who majored in Criminology at the Univer- the University of Nebraska at Omaha. sity of Houston–Clear Lake. She is an adult pro- Camela M. Steinke is a Research Consultant at bation officer with experience in Police/Fire/EMS the LaSalle School in Albany, NY. Her research dispatcher. interests center on evidence-based treatment of Samantha Spencer currently attends the Univer- dependent and delinquent youth and statistical sity of Maryland Francis King Carey School of techniques. Dr Steinke has presented research on Law and expects her JD in 2014. She currently youths in residential treatment at a number of works as an Associate Editor on the University of national and international conferences and has Maryland Journal of Health Care Law & Policy. published in peer-reviewed journals. Stephanie N. Spiegel is a PhD candidate in RaShaunda V. Sterling is a Department Chair Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati, and Professor of Developmental Writing at San where she also holds the position of Research Jacinto College, Houston, Texas. A Professor of Associate in the Corrections Institute, and trains English for nearly a decade, Dr Sterling is also in the evidence-based curriculum Thinking an instructional designer and a consultant on for a Change. She is currently involved in a technology integration. research study examining youth disproportionate Kelli D. Stevens is a criminology doctoral student minority contact (DMC) in Ohio. She has worked at the University of Texas at Dallas. Ms Stevens has for Talbert House, a large community corrections 15 years’ experience working with adult offenders agency, strengthening researcher–practitioner and 7 years’ experience as a college instructor. She relationships in Cincinnati, and continues this has published a criminal investigations interactive initiative with her current work. Her research CD-ROM, various articles, a book chapter, and interests include evidence-based corrections, was the lead researcher and author for a project effective offender interventions in correctional investigating domestic minor sex trafficking in settings, and critical issues in juvenile justice. the Fort Worth, TX area sponsored by a grant John Spink is currently an Assistant Professor in from the US Department of Justice and Shared the Anti-Counterfeiting and Product Protection Hope International. liv Notes on Contributors

Stan Stojkovic is Dean and Professor of Criminal Colonel in the US Army Reserves teaching for the Justice in the Helen Bader School of Social Wel- US Army Command and General Staff College. fare at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Corrine Tallman is a research/project specialist He is the author of numerous publications regard- with the Loss Prevention Council in Gainesville, ing correctional administration. His most recent Florida, where she serves as the Project Manager work includes a two-volume set entitled Managing for the Offender Program. She was an Instructor Special Populations in Jails and Prisons,published for the Alachua County Sheriff’s Office where she by Civic Research Institute. taught parenting courses for inmates. Walter Stroupe is an Associate Professor and Andrew E. Taslitz is a Professor teaching Crim- Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice at inal Law, Criminal Procedure, Evidence, and West Virginia State University. Dr Stroupe is related courses at American University’s Wash- a retired First Lieutenant, West Virginia State ington College of Law, having previously taught Police. at Duke University, Howard University, the Uni- Susruta Sudula is a graduate student in the versity of Pittsburgh, and Villanova University’s Department of Criminal Justice at John Jay Col- law schools. He has published over 100 works, lege of Criminal Justice. She is completing her eight of which are books, notably recently includ- MA in Criminal Justice. ing Criminal Law: Concepts and Practice (3rd edn, 2010), Reconstructing the Fourth Amendment: A Naomi F. Sugie is a graduate student at Princeton History of Search and Seizure, 1789–1868 (2006), University in the Department of Sociology, Office and Rape and the Culture of the Courtroom (1999). of Population Research, and the joint degree pro- He has also been the Reporter for the National gram in Social Policy. Her research primarily Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State focuses on three domains: the consequences of Laws, Uniform Law Commission, A Uniform Code incarceration for ex-felons and their families, the on the Electronic Recording of Custodial Interroga- correlates of offending over the life course, and the tions with Commentary (2010); the Co-Reporter use of new technologies for social science research. for The Death Penalty Initiative of The Constitu- Before coming to Princeton, Naomi worked at the tion Project, Mandatory Justice: The Death Penalty Vera Institute of Justice, where she studied poli- Revisited (2006); and Chair of the American Asso- cing practices and the relationship between men- ciation of Law Schools Criminal Justice Section. tal health and incarceration. He is currently the First Vice-Chair of the Amer- Suzanne M. O’Donnell Swan began her legal ican Bar Association’s Criminal Justice Section. career began in government service with the US His articles have been published in such venues Department of Transportation and the Admin- as the Michigan Law Review,theGeorgetown Law istrative Office of the US Courts. She subse- Journal, and the Journal of Criminal Law and quently worked as an appellate attorney with Criminology. the Allegheny County Public Defender’s Office Robert W. Taylor is a tenured full Professor and later as the Chief of the Appellate Division. (Department of Criminology) and Director of She currently serves on the Board of Directors for the Executive Master of Science Program in the Pennsylvania Association of Criminal Defense Justice Administration and Leadership at The Lawyers, as an elected member of the Judiciary University of Texas at Dallas. Previous to this Committee of the Allegheny County Bar Associa- assignment, Dr Taylor was the Executive Direc- tion, and Treasurer of the Allegheny County Bar tor of the W. W. Caruth Jr Police Institute at Association’s Criminal Litigation Section. Dallas (CPI). The Institute (embedded within Sam Swindell is an Assistant Professor of Crim- the Dallas Police Department) was established inal Justice at West Virginia State University. He through a $9.5 million grant from the Com- is a graduate of the US Army Command and munities Foundation of Texas. Dr Taylor has General Staff College. He worked for a decade authored or co-authored over 200 articles, books, as a principal in a law firm focusing on criminal and manuscripts. Most of his publications focus litigation and currently serves as a Lieutenant on police administration and management, police Notes on Contributors lv procedures, international and domestic terror- Journal. She has been published in the Emory Law ism, drug trafficking, and criminal justice policy. Journal, Cornell Human Resources Review,and Dr Taylor is co-author of two leading text- Cardozo Journal of Law & Gender. books, Police Administration: Structures, Processes, Elizabeth A. Tomsich is a PhD candidate at the and Behavior, currently in its 8th edition, and University of Colorado Denver in the School Criminal Investigation, currently in its 11th edi- of Public Affairs. She primarily researches inter- tion. Dr Taylor was the 2008 recipient of the O. W. personal violence, and has recently published in Wilson Award “in recognition of his outstanding Victims and Offenders, American Journal of Crim- contribution to police education, research and inal Justice, Criminal Justice Studies,andViolence practice,” presented by the Academy of Criminal and Victims. Justice Science. Steven M. Toprani is a civil and criminal litigator Douglas Thomson is a Professor of Criminal and a member of the litigation and government Justice and Sociology at Chicago State University. relations group at the Pittsburgh, PA-based law His work explores and challenges the problematic firm of Leech Tishman Fuscaldo and Lampl. relationship between criminal justice and social Prior to returning to private practice, he served a and economic justice. Trained in conferencing four-year term as the elected District Attorney in and peacemaking circles, he has volunteered as a Washington County, Pennsylvania. He has served practitioner of restorative justice, but attends to it as Assistant Counsel to the Governor’s Office of more as an advocate, critic, and scholar. He seeks General Counsel and owned his own law practice. to contribute to rolling back mass incarceration He has served as an Adjunct Professor of Criminal in favor of more appropriate responses to crime. Law and has provided commentary to the media Patricia G. Tjaden had a 10-year career in on criminal law matters. academia and then joined the Center for Policy Lily Chi-Fang Tsai is an Assistant Professor at Research in Denver, Colorado, where from 1987 the Department of Criminal Justice at University to 2001 she conducted groundbreaking research of Maryland Eastern Shore. Her primary research on violence against women, including the first- interests are in prison medical care, juvenile jus- ever national study of stalking in the United States. tice, and quantitative research in policing. In 2002 Dr Tjaden founded her own research firm, Tjaden Research Corporation, where she Jane M. Tucker is former law enforcement officer continues to consult and conduct research on turned educator. She has taught at Kutztown Uni- issues related to violence against women. versity, Temple University, and currently teaches at West Chester University of Pennsylvania. She Pietro Toggia is a full Professor of Criminal Jus- has taught a variety of criminal justice courses, tice at Kutztown University. He has co-edited two including Introduction to Policing, Investigations books, published peer-reviewed articles, and pre- and Intelligence, and Sex Crimes. sented numerous international conference papers with a primary focus on Africa on such topics as Ashley M. Tunstall is a doctoral candidate in modern policing in Ethiopia, constitutionalism the School of Public Affairs at the University of and the rule of law, genocide, kidnapping in Colorado Denver. Her research interests include Kenya, innovative mobile technology and inno- correctional programming and trauma-informed vative crimes in Kenya, organized crime syndi- care in child-serving systems. In her current cate (Mungiki) in Kenya, transitional justice in position she works as the Director of Behav- ioral Health & Medical Services for the Col- Africa, anti-vagrancy laws in Ethiopia, compara- orado Department of Human Services, Division tive police systems, and police reforms in Kenya of Youth Corrections. and South Africa. Jessica Turner is pursuing a Master of Science Enbar Toledano is a law clerk to the Honorable degree in Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Kermit Bye on the US Court of Appeals for the University of Nebraska–Omaha. Eighth Circuit. She received her JD from Emory University School of Law, where she served as a Georgia Wralstad Ulmschneider is an Associate Notes and Comments Editor on the Emory Law Professor of Political Science and the Campus lvi Notes on Contributors

Pre-Law Advisor at Indiana University–Purdue Michael S. Vaughn is a Professor, Co-Director University Fort Wayne. Her research examines of the Institute of Legal Studies, Assistant Dean the intersection between law and politics and of Graduate Studies, and Director of the PhD feminism and the law. In particular, her articles program in the College of Criminal Justice at Sam have focused on political trials and on feminist Houston State University. theory and First Amendment jurisprudence. Her Robert Vaughn serves as Assistant Professor of published work includes articles on political trials Criminal Justice at Cedarville University. Prior of terrorist defendants. to teaching, Professor Vaughn was a practicing Zachary P. Ulrich is a professional mediator and attorney, including service as a staff attorney and scholar on alternative dispute resolution who has law clerk at the Supreme Court of Ohio and as an written dozens of articles on mediation, psycho- Assistant Attorney General for the state of Ohio, logy, business, and law. He holds graduate degrees focusing on law and services related to crime in law, psychology, and dispute resolution, and victims. lives and practices in the Los Angeles area. Carol A. Veneziano is a Professor at South- Matthew Valasik is a doctoral candidate in the east Missouri State University. She has published UCI School of Social Ecology where he is in research in the areas of victimless crimes, ado- the department of Criminology, Law & Soci- lescent sex offenses, correlates of delinquency, ety. His dissertation research investigates how corrections, and deterrence, in journals such as the establishment and enforcement of civil gang the Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Perceptual injunctions disrupt the activity patterns of gangs, Motor Skills, Criminal Justice and Behavior,and impacting their criminal opportunities. Matt’s the Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice.Dr interests include gangs, policing, spatial analysis, Veneziano’s current research interests are in the social networks, criminological theory, and the areas of adolescent sex offenders and transna- community context of crime. tional crime. Laura Valcore is completing her dissertation at William Vesneski is a Lecturer at the Univer- the School of Public Affairs, University of Col- sity of Washington School of Social Work. He orado Denver. Her work has appeared in Women holds a PhD and MSW from the University of & Criminal Justice and Policing.Herresearch Washington and a JD from Seattle University. interests include gender, GLB, and equity issues His research focuses on the intersections of law in the criminal justice system and the public policy and social work and the termination of parental process. rights. He was previously a juvenile court public defender and represented parents involved in the Abby L. Vandenberg is a PhD candidate in the child welfare system as well as youth offenders. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Nebraska–Omaha (UNO). Ms Sarah Vidal is a doctoral candidate in Human Vandenberg’s areas of research interest include Development and Public Policy at Georgetown media portrayals of offenders and crime, inmate University. Her research interests focus on ado- violence, and community reentry programs for lescent development in the context of juvenile parolees. delinquency. Jamie Vaske is an Assistant Professor at Western Brandi Nichole Vigil is a doctoral student at the Carolina University. Dr Vaske’s areas of inter- University of Illinois at Chicago. Her research est include biosocial criminology, quantitative focuses on restorative justice, juvenile justice, and methods, and gender and antisocial behavior. the impacts of incarceration on communities. Amanda L. Vasquez is a PhD student in the Francis Vu is an undergraduate student Department of Criminology, Law, and Justice at majoring in Criminology at the University of the University of Illinois at Chicago. Her research Houston–Clear Lake. He is a member of the interests include violence against women issues, Southeast Volunteer fire department and has particularly sexual assault and prostitution. completed Basic-EMT and firefighting training. Notes on Contributors lvii

Stacy A. Wagoner has completed a number of Michael C. Walker is an Associate Professor at courses toward a PhD degree at UNO. She teaches the Passaic County Community College in Pater- two introductory-level courses – Survey of Crim- son, New Jersey. He had a 32-year career as a inal Justice and Criminal Court Systems – to police officer in Paterson, New Jersey culmin- undergraduate students enrolled at the University ating in his appointment as Police Director in of Nebraska in Omaha and in Lincoln. 2004. His publications include: “Restructuring of the City of Paterson, New Jersey, Police Depart- William Wakefield spent the majority of his ment” (2006) in Current Issues and Controversies career as a Professor in the School of Crimi- in Policing; “Using Cross-National Studies to Illu- nology and Criminal Justice at the University minate the Crime Problem: One Less Data Source of Nebraska–Omaha. He teaches at both the Left Standing” (co-authored, 2008) in the Journal undergraduate and graduate levels and is highly of Contemporary Criminal Justice; “The Siege in involved in the Doctoral Program in Criminal Mumbai: A Conventional Terrorist Attack Aided Justice at UNO. His major research areas by Modern Technology” (co-authored, 2008) in A involve international/comparative cross-cultural New Understanding of Terrorism; and “A Compar- criminal justice and agency research evaluations ative Study of the Attitudes of Urban, Suburban that primarily focus on drug courts. Dr Wakefield and Rural Police Officers in New Jersey Regarding has been actively engaged in drug court research the Use of Force” (co-authored, 2009). since 1997. Taurean Walker is currently attending the Uni- Jeffrey S. Walden, a veteran of the United States versity of North Carolina–Charlotte, completing Navy Submarine Force, is a graduate of the MA a doctorate in Educational Leadership. He is a program in International Crime and Justice at Legal Studies and International and Domestic John Jay College of Criminal Justice where he Terrorism Instructor at Central Piedmont Com- focused his research on organized crime and ter- munity College. rorism. Mr Walden is currently an Intelligence Analyst at a government agency. Jeffrey A. Walsh is an Associate Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice Sciences at Illi- Bahiyyah A. Walker began teaching at the Char- nois State University. His current area of research lotte School of Law as the Advocacy Faculty involves examining family violence across the life Instructor for the Critical Legal Skills Program course. HE has recently published work in the in September 2010. Mrs Walker currently directs areas of animal abuse, sibling violence, sibling the three-year program in legal skills and ethics for sexual abuse, child–parent violence, parricide, over 800 law students. She also teaches Advanced elder abuse, and elder homicide. Dr Walsh’s Criminal Law, specializing in the areas of crim- recent publications have appeared in the Jour- inal justice administration, judicial discretion, nal of Family Violence, Journal of Interpersonal and criminal prosecution. Mrs Walker is a for- Violence, Homicide Studies, and the Journal of mer Magistrate Judge, and faithfully served the Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma. people within the 14th Judicial District of North Carolina for several years before joining Char- Christopher E. S. Warburton teaches undergrad- lotte Law. Before her judicial appointment, Mrs uate and graduate economics at John Jay College Walker was the Associate Director of the Cen- of Criminal Justice in New York. His research ter for Criminal Justice Research and Policy and interests include optimum currency areas, inter- an adjunct professor of criminal law at North national trade law and trade theory, exchange rate Carolina Central University. Within her personal valuation, corporate crime, and economics and interests, Mrs Walker is deeply committed to international criminal justice. Dr Warburton is examining how specific social, economic, legal, author of several papers, book chapters, encyclo- and cultural frameworks develop and support pedia entries, and books. His recent publications effective advocacy efforts for underserved pop- include: a chapter in an edited volume, “Crimi- ulations. Mrs Walker’s research and scholarly nology in Sierra Leone”; two books, Essentials of interests lie at the intersection of criminal law, Finance and Forensic Economics and The Delicts international human rights, and ethics. and Criminal Laws of International Economic lviii Notes on Contributors

Relations; and research papers on globalization she serves as an official prison visitor. In this role, and structural change, market failure, and the she visits female inmates in state correctional tradeweighted US dollar. facilities and county prisons. Julie A. Warnick is an Assistant Professor of Che´ D. Williamson is an Adjunct Professor at Justice Studies at California University of Penn- Sam Houston State University and a practicing sylvania and faculty advisor to the Law and Justice attorney. She has practiced law in state and federal Society. She is a licensed attorney in Maryland and courts since 1989. She has a Master’s of Law in Pennsylvania. Environmental Policy, and received her PhD in Criminal Justice from Sam Houston in 2002. She Kevin Wehr is Associate Professor in the Depart- has taught undergraduate and graduate classes ment of Sociology at the California State Uni- in law, and criminal justice since the year 2000. versity, Sacramento, where he specializes in envi- Dr Williamson is a partner in the law firm of ronmental sociology, political sociology, social Chargois & Herron in The Woodlands, Texas theory, culture, and criminology. Selected pub- where she specializes in class actions, mass torts, lications include Beyond the Prison Industrial and commercial litigation. Complex: Crime and Incarceration in the 21st Cen- tury (Routledge, 2013); Do It Yourself: The Search Margaret A. Wilson is currently based at the for Control and Self-Reliance in the 21st Century University of Liverpool where she is an Associate (Routledge, 2012); Hermes on Two Wheels: The Professor in Forensic Psychology. She has been Sociology of Bicycle Messengers (University Press of studying terrorist behavior for over 20 years and America, 2009); and America’s Fight Over Water: is frequently invited to present her research find- The environmental and political consequences of ings to the academic and security communities large-scale dams in the American West (Routledge, worldwide. 2004). Steve T. Wilson is an Assistant Professor of W. Jesse Weins is an Assistant Professor of Crim- Criminal Justice at the University of Texas at inal Justice and Legal Studies at Dakota Wesleyan Brownsville. His research interests include the University. His work has been recognized by a US victimization of police, public perceptions of federal district court and The New York Times. criminal justice, collective bargaining, and proce- dural justice. Dr Wilson has published research Edith Ann (Penny) Westfall is an Adjunct in the Journal of Criminal Justice, The Ameri- Instructor and PhD student at the University can Journal of Criminal Justice,andHomicide of Nebraska–Omaha. She has served as a Studies. prosecuting attorney, assistant attorney general, deputy sheriff, and Commissioner of the Iowa Tracie Wilson-Boyd is a non-traditional student Department of Public Safety and Director of who is completing a major in Sociology at the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy. University of Houston–Clear Lake. For many years she was a department coordinator with the Elvira M. White-Lewis is an Assistant Professor University of Texas Medical Branch–Galveston. for Texas A&M University–Commerce. Major research interests include juvenile justice and John Winterdyk is the former Director for the delinquency, criminological theory, and police– Centre for Criminology and Justice Research juvenile interactions. (CCJR) at Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He has authored/edited over Kathryn M. Whiteley is an Australian criminol- 25 academic books and written numerous ogist who is working as an Assistant Professor peer-reviewed articles. His primary areas of at Messiah College of Pennsylvania. Her research interest include transnational crime and com- focus is with women who perpetrate violence parative criminal justice issues – in particular, with an emphasis on homicide and sex offending. youth justice, identity theft, human trafficking, Additionally, she pursues international compar- smuggling, and crime prevention. ative perspectives of criminal justice systems as they relate to female criminality. Currently she is Arjen van Witteloostuijn is Professor of Organ- active with the Pennsylvania Prison Society where ization and Strategy at Tilburg University, the Notes on Contributors lix

Netherlands, and Research Professor of Eco- India. She has also published articles in journals nomics and Management at the University of such as Deviant Behavior, Criminal Law Bul- Antwerp, Belgium. His current research inter- letin,andJournal of Police Crisis Negotiations. ests are cross-border macroeconomics, industrial She is also a contributing editor at the Crimi- organization, organizational ecology, and social nal Law Bulletin and a licensed attorney in New psychology. He has published widely in such York. journals as the Academy of Management Jour- Delmar P. Wright is an Assistant Professor in the nal, Academy of Management Review, American Department of Criminal Justice at Saint Leo Uni- Sociological Review, American Journal of Political versity. His research interests include terrorism, Science, Economica, Journal of Economic Behavior counter-terrorism, organized crime, and futures and Organization, Journal of Economic Psychology, studies in criminal justice. He is a 30-year law Journal of International Business Studies, Journal enforcement veteran of federal and local law of Management Studies, Journal of Public Admin- enforcement agencies. istration Practice and Theory, Management Sci- ence, Organization Studies, Organization Science, Emily M. Wright is an Assistant Professor in and Strategic Management Journal. He gratefully the School of Criminology and Criminal Jus- acknowledges the financial support through the tice at the University of Nebraska–Omaha. Her Odysseus program of the Flemish Science Foun- research involves intimate partner violence and dation (FWO). exposure to violence and victimization in neigh- AimeeWodda is a PhD student in the Department borhood context. Her research has appeared in of Criminology, Law, and Justice at the Univer- Criminal Justice and Behavior, Justice Quarterly, sity of Illinois at Chicago. Her research interests Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology,and include gender and sexuality studies, queer and Social Problems. transgender legal theory, feminist criminology, Ling Wu is an Assistant Professor in the College critical race theory, and historical legal studies. of Criminal Justice in Zhongnan University of Aaron A. Wolf is a graduate of the Master of Economics and Law. Her research interests are Criminal Justice program at the University of crime mapping, policing strategies, violent crime, Colorado Denver, School of Public Affairs. Career and police civil liability. Ling’s research has been aspirations include working in investigations at published in the Journal of Research in Crime the federal level. Areas of interest include investig- and Delinquency, Police Quarterly,andApplied ation techniques and issues, criminal psychology, Geography. and drug trafficking. Timbre Wulf-Ludden is a PhD candidate and Jennifer Woolard is an Associate Professor instructor in the School of Criminology and of Psychology at Georgetown University and Criminal Justice at the University of Nebraska– Research Fellow at GU’s Center for Social Justice. Omaha. Her research interests include correc- Her research interests focus on adolescent and tions, prison violence, and female offenders. family interactions with systems of care and Damian´ Zaitch is Associate Professor in Crimin- control, including the justice and social service ology at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. systems. He has researched and published on social con- Robert M. Worley is an Assistant Professor of trol and terrorism, police cooperation in Europe, Criminal Justice at Texas A&M University– critical criminology, and for the past 15 years Central Texas. He has published articles in on organized crime, drug trafficking, and drug journals such as Criminal Justice Review, Deviant policies in the Netherlands and Latin America. Behavior, Journal of Criminal Justice Education, Marvin Zalman is Professor of Criminal Justice and Criminal Law Bulletin. at Wayne State University. He is the author of Vidisha B. Worley is an Assistant Professor a number of articles and chapters on the subject of Criminal Justice at the University of North of wrongful conviction, and the textbook Crim- Texas at Dallas. She has written two books titled inal Procedure: Constitution and Society, 6th edn Press and Media Law Manual and Terrorism in (Prentice Hall, 2011).

Acknowledgments

This Encyclopedia is dedicated to all those stu- role in developing the publication you are now dents who served as a sounding board for the reading. ideas expressed in these hundreds of entries. It is also dedicated to my family who went Jay S. Albanese through the extensive writing and editing pro- cess with me. Finally, Wiley Blackwell deserves a great deal of credit for recognizing the need for this Encyclopedia, committing to the project, Publisher’s Acknowledgment and seeing it through to the end with a high level of competence and good humor, especially The entry for “Extortion and Blackmail” has been as deadlines approached. Special thanks go to adapted from Section 15.7 of Criminal Law,by executive editor, Julia Teweles, the development Paul H. Robinson and Michael T. Cahill (2nd edn, editor, Tiffany Mok, and the project manager, 2012), by permission of the authors and Wolters Sandra Pike, each of whom played an important Kluwer Law & Business.

Introduction JAY S. ALBANESE

The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal The Importance of This Project Justice is an exciting addition to college and uni- versity libraries as a resource for their students. The five-volume Encyclopedia of Criminology and There has been steady growth in the number Criminal Justice is structured to include 540 top- of criminology and criminal justice programs ical entries averaging 3,000 words each (with around the world in recent years, and the size a range from 2,000 to 5,000 words per entry, of these programs has grown markedly, as have depending on the subject matter). related subject areas such as homeland security Each entry presents a state-of-the-art assess- and forensic science, which has contributed to ment of a topic, clearly written for the stu- surging interest, class enrollments, and research. dent user. Emerging terms and concepts make The need to understand better the nature of it mandatory for students to keep abreast of crime, the operation of agencies of criminal jus- changes in the field. Entries on topics such as tice, the behavior of offenders, impacts of crime hate crime, abuse of animals, agriculture crime, on victims, and new ways to address crime pre- blended sentencing, child soldiers, collective effi- vention has spurred this interest and growth in cacy, corporate criminal responsibility, crimi- the field. The expansion of the field is not limited nal profiling, disproportionate minority contact, to the United States. The European Society of elder abuse, Europol, firearms trafficking, genet- Criminology, for example, has doubled in size in ics and crime, the Innocence Project, and intimate recent years, as criminology has emerged from partner violence are a few of the many examples law schools there into the broader social sciences of the interesting, relevant, and up-to-date topical at many more universities. entries in the Encyclopedia. There are other important reasons for the As editor-in-chief with more than 25 years of development of this Encyclopedia. First, there is experience in the field, I selected 14 associate a need in the field for concise overviews of major editors with expertise and a history of published concepts of criminology and criminal justice. The work in the field. After drafting a proposed con- growth of the field has led to a corresponding tents list, the associate editors and others reviewed increase in terminology and students should have it and offered suggestions for additional topics. a firm grasp of it. Each entry in this Encyclope- These editors generally invited the contributors dia presents a state-of-the-art assessment of an for their subject-matter areas in the Encyclope- entire topic, written in a student-friendly tone. A dia. A two-level peer review process was followed well-organized table of contents, which compre- in which the associate editor reviewed the sub- hensively reflects the current status of the field, is mitted draft entries. This procedure was followed very timely in a field of study which has expanded by revisions from the author, another review by dramatically over the past generation. The writing the associate editor, and then a final review by and tone of the encyclopedia is designed primarily the editor-in-chief. In this way, every entry was for undergraduate and graduate students, avoid- reviewed at least twice before a final review at the ing the writing style of a journal or monograph, editing stage. and is thereby comprehensible to a much broader The 14 associate editors on this project are: audience. Accessibility to a broad spectrum of Christina Barnes, Virginia Crime Commission; readers is a central feature of this Encyclopedia. Mary Brewster, West Chester University; John lxx Introduction

Cencich, California University of Pennsylvania; the administration of justice, homeland security, Megan Kurlychek, University at Albany; Beth and transnational crimes across borders. McConnell, University of Houston; Mary Dodge, Professional organizations in the field are also University of Colorado, Denver; Anita Neuberger growing. The Academy of Criminal Justice Sci- Blowers, University of North Carolina at Char- ences has experienced record attendance at its lotte; Janice Joseph, Richard Stockton College of recent annual meetings, as has the American New Jersey; AnnMarie Corner, Kutztown Uni- Society of Criminology with approximately 3,000 versity; Jeff Bumgarner, Minnesota State Univer- members from 45 countries. There is tremen- sity; Mitch Roth, Sam Houston State University; dous growth in criminology programs outside Jackie Schneider, Illinois State University; Pauline the United States as well, demonstrated by the Brennan, University of Nebraska–Omaha; and European Society of Criminology’s doubling in Hedi Nasheri, Kent State University. membership to 1,000 members over the past The organization of the Encyclopedia is unique decade with members from 49 different countries. in that it offers more detailed contents than other publications of this kind, which makes it more useful to the reader. The contents are listed in Topical Coverage three ways: by broad substantive area, by topic alphabetically, and by keywords. Therefore, read- The topics covered in the Encyclopedia mir- ers have three different methods to locate entries ror those in similar works, with several impor- on topics that interest them. Users can easily tant modifications and additions. These additions locate entries on related subjects in a fourth way, include highlighted international contents with because related cross-references are listed within more topics on criminology and criminal justice each entry in the Encyclopedia. issues of transnational concern. Topics are bro- The contents include every possible area of ken out in three ways (substantively, by keyword criminology (crime, its causes, and the prevention (online), and alphabetically) to make it the most of crime) and criminal justice (the agencies, law, user-friendly encyclopedia of its kind. More sub- behavior, and management of police, courts, and stantive themes are included in this Encyclopedia corrections, plus education and professionalism). than in existing volumes. The writing style is at the level of an undergraduate Table 1 illustrates the substantive themes for the student, the primary audience for the Encyclope- Encyclopedia, and examples of individual topics dia, avoiding the jargon and technical writing of under these themes. There are approximately 35 academic and professional journals. The Encyclo- individual entries under each of the 15 major pedia has international appeal, because some of substantive themes. the contributions are written by non-US schol- The scope of the 540 entries is difficult to ars from more than 10 different countries, and capture, ranging from central concepts of law, some of the topics include transnational aspects crime, and justice to contemporary issues such of crime and justice issues in addition to an as money laundering, digital piracy, restorative entire substantive section on international and justice, serial murder, problem-solving courts, comparative crime and justice issues. shaming punishments, stalking and cyberstalking, This Encyclopedia has college and university police stress, terrorism, and trafficking in body libraries as its primary market. The size of the parts (organs). This is indeed a far-reaching pub- criminology and criminal justice market is large lication, and it captures the history, current status, and growing, as demonstrated by the fact that aca- and the emerging future of crime, criminology, demic programs in the field are found at nearly law, and criminal justice in a single publication. every community college and state university in The reader will note that a number of the the United States, as well as most private uni- substantive areas included in this Encyclopedia versities. The experiences of colleagues in the are not found in other publications of this kind. field suggest that significant growth in student The inclusion of many entries on criminal law enrollments in recent years is due to continuing and procedure, juvenile justice, education and concerns about crime at the local level, law and professionalism, the history of criminal justice, Introduction lxxi

Table 1 Themes Major substantive themes Examples of topics included

Corrections and Sentencing Jails, prisons, inmate subcultures, sentencing guidelines, probation, privatization, capital punishment Correlates of Crime Age, gender, race, ethnicity, climate, drugs, firearms, mass media, mental illness, religion, pornography Courts and Adjudication Bail, misdemeanors, felony courts, plea-bargaining, prosecutor/judicial discretion, defense counsel Criminal Law Larceny, assault, homicide, arson, defenses, elements of crime, battered women syndrome Criminal Procedure Bill of Rights, search and seizure, interrogations, right to counsel, cruel and unusual punishment, state’s rights Education and Professional Criminal justice education, careers in criminal justice, professional Development in Criminal Justice development, impacts of training History of Criminology and Development of criminology, early crimes and punishments, Criminal Justice history of justice system, legal traditions International and Transnational International crimes, transnational crimes, international courts, Crime and Justice genocide, piracy, human smuggling Juvenile Justice Delinquency, legal rights of juveniles, gang delinquency, prisons for juveniles, rehabilitation Law Enforcement and Policing Federal, state, local agencies, police operations, community policing, undercover work, use of force Measures of Crime Police statistics, victimization surveys, self-report surveys, historical research, cross-sectional, longitudinal research Pioneers of Criminology and Major developers of crime theories, major figures of criminal Criminal Justice justice leadership Theories of Crime Biological, psychological, sociological, ethical, conflict, rational choice, routine activities, self-control theories Types of Crime Burglary, child abuse, campus crime, drug crimes, corporate crime, organized crime, cybercrime Victimization Victimology, victim compensation programs, victims’ rights, fear of crime, harm, victim precipitation

and victimization serve to distinguish this Ency- I hope you enjoy the Encyclopedia as much clopedia from others in the field. This broad scope as the authors and editors did in selecting the combines with the fact that virtually all colleges topics, writing the entries, and editing them in and universities now have curricula in the sub- consumable form for today’s college and univer- ject area of this Encyclopedia, whether it is in sity students. This project contributes a great deal criminal justice, sociology, criminology, home- to the available knowledge on a large number land security, law, legal studies, security studies, of major issues in this interesting and grow- or deviance. This publication will be a resource ing field of study, and we know you will enjoy widely used by students. reading it.