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Systematics of Smaller Asian Night Birds Based on Voice

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Systematics of Smaller Asian Night Birds Based on Voice SYSTEMATICS OF SMALLER ASIAN NIGHT BIRDS BASED ON VOICE BY JOE T. MARSHALL ORNITHOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS NO. 25 PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION 1978 SYSTEMATICS OF SMALLER ASIAN NIGHT BIRDS BASED ON VOICE BY JOE T. MARSHALL ORNITHOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS NO. 25 PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION 1978 Frontispiece: Otus icterorhynchus?stresemanni of Sumatra, with apologiesto G. M. Sutton and The Birdsof Arizona. The absenceof wings,far from implyingflightlessness, emphasizes the important parts of the plumagefor speciescomparisons--the interscapulars and flanks. These "control" the more variablepatterns of head and wings,which will always be in harmonywith the basicpattern of back and flanks. ORNITHOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS This series, publishedby the American Ornithologists'Union, has been estab- lished for major papers too long for inclusionin the Union's journal, The Auk. Publication has been subsidizedby funds from the National Fish and Wildlife Laboratory, Washington, D.C. Correspondenceconcerning manuscripts for publicationin this seriesshould be addressedto the Editor-elect, Dr. Mercedes S. Foster, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. Copiesof OrnithologicalMonographs may be orderedfrom the Assistantto the Treasurer of the AOU, Glen E. Woolfenden,Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. (See price list on back and inside back cover.) OrnithologicalMonographs No. 25, viii + 58 pp., separatephonodisc supple- ment. Editor, John William Hardy Special Associate Editors of this issue, Kenneth C. Parkes, Section of Birds, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, and Oliver L. Austin, Jr., Departmentof Natural Sciences,Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611. Assistant Editor, June B. Gabaldon Author, Joe T. Marshall, Bird Section, National Fish and Wildlife Laboratory, National Museumof Natural History, Washington,D.C. 20560. First received, 3 March 1976; accepted, 15 December 1976; final revision completed, 19 July 1977. Issued February 7, 1978 Price $7.00 prepaid($6.00 to AOU Members) Library of CongressCatalogue Card Number 78-50891 Printed by the Allen Press,Inc., Lawrence, Kansas66044 Copyright¸ by AmericanOrnithologist' Union, 1978 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 GENUS OTUS .................................................................................... 2 NEW WORLD SCREECH-OWLS ........................................................ 3 OLD WORLD SCOPS-OWLS ................................................................ 4 rufescensgroup .................................................................................. 4 Otus sagittatus................................................................................ 4 Otus rufescens................................................................................ 4 Otus ireneae .................................................................................... 5 Otus icterorhynchussuperspecies .................................................... 5 a. Otus icterorhynchus .............................................................. 5 b. Otus balli .............................................................................. 5 c. Otus stresemanni .................................................................. 5 spilocephalusgroup ............................................................................ 6 Otus spilocephalus.......................................................................... 6 scopsgroup ........................................................................................ 7 Otus brucei ...................................................................................... 7 Otus scopssuperspecies .................................................................. 8 a. Otusfiammeolus ...................................................................... 8 b. Otus senegalensis.................................................................... 9 c. Otus scops .............................................................................. 10 d. Otus sunia .............................................................................. 10 manadensisgroup .............................................................................. 11 Otus elegans.................................................................................... 12 Otus manadensis ............................................................................ 13 Otus umbra .................................................................................... 13 Otus mantananensis ........................................................................ 14 Otus magicus .................................................................................. 15 Otus rutilus .................................................................................... 18 Otus hartlaubi ................................................................................ 19 bakkamoena group.............................................................................. 20 Otus brookii .................................................................................... 20 Otus mentawi .................................................................................. 20 Otus bakkamoena ............................................................................ 21 Otus megalotis................................................................................ 24 Otus silvicola .................................................................................. 26 Scops-owlsof unknownvoice and unknownaffinity ............................ 26 Otus alfredi .................................................................................... 26 Otus angelinae................................................................................ 27 Otus !ongicornis.............................................................................. 27 Otus mindorensis ............................................................................ 27 GENUS BATRACHOSTOMUS ........................................................ 28 KEY TO SPECIES ............................... : ................................................ 28 Batrachostomusmoniliger ................................................................ 28 Batrachostomus auritus .................................................................. 28 Batrachostomus hartertl .................................................................. 28 Batrachostomusseptimus ................................................................ 28 iii Batrachostomus stellatus ................................................................ 28 Batrachostomushodgsoni ................................................................ 29 Batrachostomuspoliolophus ............................................................ 29 Batrachostomus cornutus ................................................................ 29 Batrachostomusjavensis .................................................................. 29 FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE .......................................................... 30 KEY TO SPECIES ................................................................................ 30 Eurostopodusmacrotis .................................................................... 30 Eurostopodustemminckii ................................................................ 30 Caprimulgusindicus ........................................................................ 30 Caprimulgusmacrurus .................................................................... 30 Caprimulgusaffinis .......................................................................... 31 Caprimulgusasiaticus ..................................................................... 31 Caprimulgusconcretus .................................................................... 31 Caprimulguspulchellus .................................................................... 31 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................. 31 SUMMARY .......................................................................................... 32 LITERATURE CITED ...................................................................... 33 APPENDIX I--ABBREVIATIONS .............................................. 35 II--SUGGESTED AMENDMENTS TO PE- TERS' CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD, VOL. IV .............................................. 36 III INDEX TO TRIVIAL NAMES OF SCOPS- OWLS AND THE RESPECTIVE SPECIES ACCOUNTS UNDER WHICH THEY ARE DISCUSSED ........................................................ 37 EXPLANATION OF TABLES AND PLATES ............................ 38 TABLE I•OCCURRENCE OF MAGICUS-STYLE VENTRAL PATTERN ON ISLAND POP- ULATIONS OF OTUS ...................................... 55 2 MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF WING CHORD AND WEIGHT IN TAXA OF OTUS .............................................................. 56 3--MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF WING CHORD, TAIL, AND WEIGHT OF FROGMOUTHS .................................................. 58 iv ILLUSTRATIONS FRONTISPIECF_•OTUS STRESEMANNI ....................................... facingp. i RECORD JACKET BA TRA CHOSTOMUS CORNUTUS PLATE 1. Map of SoutheastAsia showinglocalities visited ........................ 39 2. Comparisonof Pyrroglauxpodargina with Otus spilocephalus in life .................................................................................. 40 3. Representative
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