Treubia 43: 31–46, December 2016 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
BIRDS OF HALIMUN-SALAK NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA: Saitou, N. & M. Nei 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4: 406-425. ENDEMISM, CONSERVATION AND THREATENED STATUS Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds.). Mammal Species of the Dewi M. Prawiradilaga World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. pp. 312- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) 529. Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46 Cibinong 16911, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected] Suyanto, A. 2001. Kelelawar di Indonesia. Bogor: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. 126 pp. Temminck, C.J. 1827 (1824)-1841. Monographies de Mammalogie, ou description de quelques genres de Received: 8 August 2016; Accepted: 5 December 2016 mammiferes, dont les espèces ont été observées dans les différens musées de l’Europe. C.C. Vander Hoek, Leiden, 392 pp. ABSTRACT Thompson, J.D., T.J. Gibson & F. Plewniak 1997. The Clustal X Windows Interface: Flexible Strategies for Multiple Sequence Alignment Aided by the Quality Analysis Tools. Nucleic Acids Research, 24: Bird surveys and long-term bird monitoring in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park were 4876-4882. conducted between 1998 and 2009 to obtain comprehensive data on the bird species in the area. Compilation of bird data from this study and other studies have recorded a total of 271 species, which is about 53.4% of van Strien, N.J. 1986. Abbreviated checklist of the mammals of the Australian Archipelago. School of all Javan birds (507 species) or 16.9% of all Indonesian birds (1605 species). As an important bird area, Environmental Conservation Management, Bogor, 91 pp. Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park is home to 43 Indonesian and Javan endemic species. Among the Verstappen, H.T. 1975. On palaeoclimates and landform development in Malesia. In: Bartstra, G.J. & W.A. endemics, 32 species are restricted range species. Gaps in the protection status of the bird species are Casparie (eds.). Modern Quarternary Research in Southeast Asia. Rotterdam. pp. 3-36. discussed. The results of this study show that Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park has the highest richness of bird species in the Java-Bali region and the conservation of its endemic and threatened species should be White, P.S. & L.D. Densmore 1992. Mitochondrial DNA isolation. In: Hoelzel, A.R. (ed). Molecular given main priority. genetic analysis of population. IRL Press, Oxford, pp. 29-58. Whitmore, T.C. 1987. Biogeographical evolution of the Malay Archipelago. Clarendon Press Oxford, Key words: Birds, conservation status, endemism, Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, threatened status 160 pp. INTRODUCTION Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park is the largest remnant rainforest block on Java, Indonesia (Whitten 1994), and covers an area of ca. 113,357 ha (Hartono et al. 2007). Geographically, it is located between 6032’-6055’ South and 106013’-106046’ East, at an elevation between 500 and 2,211 m asl (Hartono et al. 2007). It includes three mountain ranges (G. Halimun complex, G. Salak complex and G. Endut complex) and three districts (Bogor, Sukabumi and Lebak) in West Java (Fig.1). Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park has more than 700 plant species, which can be categorised into 119 families and 391 genera. Based on the altitude, its vegetation can be divided into three zones: a) Colline zone at an altitude from 500 to 1,000 m; b) Sub-montane zone at an altitude from 1,000 to 1,500 m; c) Montane zone at an altitude from 1,500 to 2,400 m (Van Steenis, 1972). In the colline zone, common tree species include ‘rasamala’ (Altingia excelsa), ‘puspa’ (Schima wallichii), ‘saninten’ (Castanopsis javanica), ‘kiriung anak’(Castanopsis acuminatissima) and ‘pasang’ (Quercus gemelliflora). There are also Dipterocarpaceae trees at the altitude 600-700 m. In the sub-montane zone, the height of trees may reach 30 to 40 m with diameter (dbh) of 120 cm. Common tree species include: ‘ganitri’ (Elaeocarpus ganitrus), figs (Ficus sp.), Acer laurinum, Eurya acuminatissima, Antidesba bunius, cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.), ‘ki merak’ (Weinmannia blumei). The montane zone is low in tree density and tree height, is dominated by Fagaceae including Castanopsis spp., Lithocarpus spp. and Querqus spp., with moist conditions and tree stems covered by mosses (Simbolon & Mirmanto 1997). Lichens and other volcanic plants are found on the peak of Mt. Salak at 2,211 m asl. (Hartono et al. 2007).
46 47 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 ex compl Salak G. complex, Halimun (G. ranges mountain three and showing GHSNPMP 2007) Park (JICA National Halimun-Salak Gunung of Map G. Endut complex) and three districts (Bogor, Sukabumi and and Lebak). three Endut (Bogor, districts Sukabumi G. complex) Figure 1. Figure
48 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……...
With regard to the bird species in the area, an early preliminary list was based on museum specimens (MacKinnon 1988). Following this list, several bird studies were conducted at certain locations across a short period (e.g. UEA 1994, Adhikerana et al. 1998, Heryadi 2002, Prawiradilaga et al. 2013). The current study was carried out over a wide range of locations within the national park and over a long time period of approximately 12 years. The main objective is to provide comprehensive data on the birds of Gunung Halimun-Salak, which forms part of the Endemic Bird Area (EBA) 160 (Stattersfield 1998).
MATERIALS AND METHODS Bird surveys were conducted between 1998 and 2009 (Table 1). The surveys were carried out mostly by capture and release methods using mist-nets set up in the area. Approximately 100 m long mistnets were mounted and set up between 06.00 and 18.00 hours. In order to complete the data, non-systematic observations including raptor monitoring were also conducted. Observations were carried out with binoculars and telescopes. Recorded birds were identified using available field guide books (MacKinnon 1988, MacKinnon & Phillipps 1993, Prawiradilaga et al. 2003a, Prawiradilaga et al. 2003b). The order of bird families and species follows Sukmantoro et al. (2007). Endemic status follows Sukmantoro et al. (2007) and MacKinnon & Phillipps (2009), protection status follows Anonymous (2007) and threat status follows the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/), http://www.hbw/com/node and BirdLife International (2016). Additional data were collected from previous bird studies (UEA 1994, MacKinnon & Phillipps 1993, Adhikerana et al. 1998) and other studies (Harahap 2002 pers.comm., Rinaldi 2006 pers.comm., Prawiradilaga et al. 2013, Suparmo 2014 pers.comm.). Bird species richness and endemism were compared with other Javan national parks.
RESULTS The Halimun-Salak range was visited 50 times during the period between 1998 and 2009 with total 1812.5 mistnetting hours and 387.5 observation hours (Table 1). The number of recorded bird species on each visit ranged from 6 to 71 species (Table 1) with a total number of 271 species ex compl Salak G. complex, Halimun (G. ranges mountain three and showing GHSNPMP 2007) Park (JICA National Halimun-Salak Gunung of Map (Table 3), which is approximately 53.4% of all Javan and Balinese species (271 out of 507 species). The highest number of visits were conducted in the Mt. Kendeng-Halimun complex in 2000 and G. Endut complex) and three districts (Bogor, Sukabumi and and Lebak). three Endut (Bogor, districts Sukabumi G. complex) Figure 1. Figure 2001. The lowest (6 species) and the highest number (71 species) of species were recorded from the Mt. Kendeng-Halimun complex (Table 1).
48 49 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
Table 1. Time, frequency of visits, mistnetting and observation hours within Halimun Salak range
No Site Year Frequency Mistnet Observation Total No. of of visits hours hours recorded species 1 Mt. Botol – Halimun complex 1998 1 36 0 23 2 Mt. Bodas – Halimun complex 1999 1 36 25.5 46 3 Mt. Bengreng- South Halimun 1999 1 42 0 19 4 Mt. Bengreng- South Halimun 2000 1 42 33.5 25 5 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2000 15 449 72 71 6 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2001 13 473 48 68 7 Mts.of North Halimun and adjacent areas 2001 1 0 15 14 8 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2002 6 206 0 44 9 Mt. Bedil – West Halimun 2002 1 25 8 38 10 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2003 3 126 0 39 11 Halimun-Salak corridor 2003 1 50 8 30 12 Halimun-Salak corridor 2004 1 46 30 42 13 Halimun-Endut corridor 2005 1 0 50 33 14 Mt. Gagak – Salak complex 2005 1 48.5 33 42 15 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2005 1 12 0 6 16 Halimun-Salak corridor 2006 1 37 40 49 17 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2007 1 38 0 20 18 Kawah Ratu – Mt. Salak 2008 1 42 12 52 19 Halimun-Salak corridor 2008 1 20 12.5 34 20 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2009 1 84 0 30
T o t a l 50 1812.5 387.5
In total, 53 bird families were recorded in the area. Eighteen out of the 53 families were represented by the full number of member species that can be found on Java and Bali. These are Podargidae, Hemiprocnidae, Trogonidae, Bucerotidae, Capitonidae, Eurylaimidae, Hirundinidae, Aegithinidae, Chloropseidae, Irenidae, Laniidae, Acanthizidae, Platysteridae, Monarchidae, Aegithalidae, Paridae, Sittidae, Dicruridae and Artamidae. The other families were represented in Halimun-Salak by 3.2 to 93.75% of member species known to occur on Java and Bali (Table 2).
Endemism In total, Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park supports 43 endemic 17 of which are endemic to Indonesia in general and 26 are endemic to Java-Bali (Table 3). The most important of those endemic species are restricted range species which have been defined as having historical breeding ranges globally smaller than 50,000 km2 (Bibby et al. 1992, Sujatnika et al, 1995). There are 32 restricted range bird species recorded in the area: Javan Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus bartelsi), Chestnut-bellied Partridge (Arborophila javanica), Sumatran Green Pigeon (Treron oxyura), Pink-headed Fruit Dove (Ptilinopus porphyreus), Dark-backed Imperial Pigeon (Ducula lacernulata), Javan Scops-owl (Otus angelinae), Salvadori’s Nightjar (Caprimulgus pulchellus),
50 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……...
Table 1. Time, frequency of visits, mistnetting and observation hours within Halimun Salak range Giant Swiftlet (Hydrochous gigas), Volcano Swiftlet (Collocalia vulcanorum), Blue-tailed Trogon (Apalharpactes reinwardtii), Brown-throated Barbet (Megalaima corvina), Flame-fronted Barbet No Site Year Frequency Mistnet Observation Total No. of of visits hours hours recorded species (Megalaima armillaris), Sunda Minivet (Pericrocotus miniatus), Orange-spotted Bulbul 1 Mt. Botol – Halimun complex 1998 1 36 0 23 2 Mt. Bodas – Halimun complex 1999 1 36 25.5 46 (Pycnonotus bimaculatus), Sunda Bulbul (Ixos virescens), Sunda Robin (Cinclidium diana), Sunda 3 Mt. Bengreng- South Halimun 1999 1 42 0 19 Forktail (Enicurus velatus), Javan Cochoa (Cochoa azurea), White-breasted Babbler (Stachyris 4 Mt. Bengreng- South Halimun 2000 1 42 33.5 25 grammiceps), White-bibbed Babbler (Stachyris thoracica), Crescent-chested Babbler (Stachyris 5 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2000 15 449 72 71 6 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2001 13 473 48 68 melanothorax), Grey-cheeked Tit-Babbler (Macronous flavicollis), Rufous-fronted Laughing 7 Mts.of North Halimun and adjacent areas 2001 1 0 15 14 Thrush (Garrulax rufifrons), Javan Fulvetta (Alcippe pyrrhoptera), Spotted Crocias (Crocias 8 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2002 6 206 0 44 albonotatus), Javan Tesia (Tesia superciliaris), Sunda Warbler (Seicercus grammiceps), Rufous- 9 Mt. Bedil – West Halimun 2002 1 25 8 38 10 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2003 3 126 0 39 tailed Fantail (Rhipidura phoenicura), White-bellied Fantail (Rhipidura euryura), Pygmy Bush-tit 11 Halimun-Salak corridor 2003 1 50 8 30 (Psaltria exilis), White-flanked Sunbird (Aethopyga eximia) and Grey-throated White-eye 12 Halimun-Salak corridor 2004 1 46 30 42 (Lophozopterops javanicus). 13 Halimun-Endut corridor 2005 1 0 50 33 14 Mt. Gagak – Salak complex 2005 1 48.5 33 42 15 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2005 1 12 0 6 Table 2. Number of bird species in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park in proportion to the birds of Java-Bali 16 Halimun-Salak corridor 2006 1 37 40 49 17 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2007 1 38 0 20 No. of Species No. Family Proportion (%) 18 Kawah Ratu – Mt. Salak 2008 1 42 12 52 GHSNP Java-Bali 19 Halimun-Salak corridor 2008 1 20 12.5 34 1 Phalacrocoracidae 1 4 25 20 Mt. Kendeng - Halimun complex 2009 1 84 0 30 2 Ardeidae 4 19 21.05 T o t a l 50 1812.5 387.5 3 Ciconiidae 1 4 25 4 Accipitridae 14 22 63.6 In total, 53 bird families were recorded in the area. Eighteen out of the 53 families were 5 Falconidae 2 6 33.3 represented by the full number of member species that can be found on Java and Bali. These are 6 Phasianidae 4 6 66.6 Podargidae, Hemiprocnidae, Trogonidae, Bucerotidae, Capitonidae, Eurylaimidae, Hirundinidae, 7 Turnicidae 1 2 50 Aegithinidae, Chloropseidae, Irenidae, Laniidae, Acanthizidae, Platysteridae, Monarchidae, 8 Rallidae 2 12 16.6 3.2 Aegithalidae, Paridae, Sittidae, Dicruridae and Artamidae. The other families were represented in 9 Scolopacidae 1 31 10 Columbidae 17 25 68 Halimun-Salak by 3.2 to 93.75% of member species known to occur on Java and Bali (Table 2). 11 Psittacidae 2 3 66.6 Endemism 12 Cuculidae 13 23 56.9 13 Strigidae 7 9 77.7 In total, Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park supports 43 endemic 17 of which are 14 Podargidae 2 2 100 endemic to Indonesia in general and 26 are endemic to Java-Bali (Table 3). The most important of 15 Caprimulgidae 3 4 75 those endemic species are restricted range species which have been defined as having historical 16 Apodidae 10 13 76.9 2 breeding ranges globally smaller than 50,000 km (Bibby et al. 1992, Sujatnika et al, 1995). There 17 Hemiprocnidae 1 1 100 are 32 restricted range bird species recorded in the area: Javan Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus bartelsi), 18 Trogonidae 2 2 100 Chestnut-bellied Partridge (Arborophila javanica), Sumatran Green Pigeon (Treron oxyura), 19 Alcedinidae 6 14 42.9 100 Pink-headed Fruit Dove (Ptilinopus porphyreus), Dark-backed Imperial Pigeon (Ducula 20 Bucerotidae 3 3 21 Capitonidae 6 6 100 lacernulata), Javan Scops-owl (Otus angelinae), Salvadori’s Nightjar (Caprimulgus pulchellus),
50 51 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
Table 2 (continued)
No. of Species Proportion (%) No. Family GHSNP Java-Bali
22 Picidae 14 16 87.5 23 Eurylaimidae 1 1 100 24 Pittidae 2 3 66.6 25 Hirundinidae 4 4 100 26 Motacillidae 3 4 75 27 Campephagidae 8 11 72.7
28 Aegithinidae 1 1 100 29 Chloropsidae 2 2 100 30 Pycnonotidae 11 12 91.7 31 Irenidae 1 1 100 32 Laniidae 3 3 100
33 Turdidae 17 19 89.5 34 Timaliidae 19 20 95 35 Sylviidae 16 23 69.6
36 Muscicapidae 13 17 76.5 37 Acanthizidae 1 1 100 38 Platysteridae 1 1 100 39 Monarchidae 2 2 100 40 Rhipiduridae 2 3 66.6 41 Aegithalidae 1 1 100 42 Paridae 1 1 100 43 Sittidae 2 2 100
44 Dicaeidae 5 8 62.5 45 Nectariniidae 11 12 91.7 46 Zosteropidae 3 4 75 47 Estrildidae 6 8 75 48 Ploceidae 1 4 25
49 Sturnidae 4 8 50
50 Oriolidae 2 3 75
51 Dicruridae 6 6 100
52 Artamidae 1 1 100 53 Corvidae 5 6 83.3 T o t a l 271 388 71.9
52 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……...
Table 2 (continued) Conservation status Table 3 shows that 55 species (19.7% of the total birds of Gunung Halimun-Salak National No. of Species Proportion (%) No. Family GHSNP Java-Bali Park) are protected by Indonesian Law, i.e. Law No. 5 / 1990 and Government Regulation No. 7 /
22 Picidae 14 16 87.5 1999. Protected species include Darter (Anhinga melanogaster), Woolly-necked Stork (Ciconia 23 Eurylaimidae 1 1 100 episcopus), 15 species of eagles (Accipitridae), 2 species of falcons (Falconidae), Javan Scops 24 Pittidae 2 3 66.6 Owl, Blue-tailed Trogon, Orange-breasted Trogon (Apalharpactes oreskios), 6 species of king 25 Hirundinidae 4 4 100 fishers (Alcedinidae), 3 species of hornbills (Bucerotidae), 3 species of barbets (Capitonidae), 2 75 26 Motacillidae 3 4 species of pittas (Pittidae), White-breasted Babbler, Crescent-chested Babbler, Rufous-fronted 27 Campephagidae 8 11 72.7 Laughing Thrush, Javan Fulvetta, Spotted Crocias, Rufous-tailed Fantail, White-bellied Fantail, 28 Aegithinidae 1 1 100 29 Chloropsidae 2 2 100 Pygmy Bushtit, 11 species of sunbird (Nectariniidae) and Grey-throated White-eye. 30 Pycnonotidae 11 12 91.7 Threatened Status 31 Irenidae 1 1 100 Based on IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) threat categories, there 32 Laniidae 3 3 100
33 Turdidae 17 19 89.5 are 2 critically endangered species: Blue-banded Kingfisher (Alcedo euryzona) and Short-tailed 34 Timaliidae 19 20 95 Green Magpie (Cissa thalassina) (Table 3). In addition, there are 4 endangered species: Javan 35 Sylviidae 16 23 69.6 Hawk-eagle, Blue-tailed Trogon, White-rumped Woodpecker (Meiglyptes tristis) and Rufous- 76.5 36 Muscicapidae 13 17 fronted Laughing Thrush. Vulnerable species include: Woolly-necked Stork, Grey-breasted 37 Acanthizidae 1 1 100 Partridge (Arborophila orientalis), Large Green Pigeon (Treron capellei), Javan Scops Owl, Great 38 Platysteridae 1 1 100 Slaty Woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulverulentus), Javan Cochoa, Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher 39 Monarchidae 2 2 100 40 Rhipiduridae 2 3 66.6 (Rhinomyias brunneata) and Java Sparrow (Padda oryzivora). Near threatened species are: Darter, 41 Aegithalidae 1 1 100 Grey-headed Fish Eagle (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus), Band-bellied Crake (Porzana paykullii), 42 Paridae 1 1 100 Sumatran Green Pigeon, Jambu Fruit Dove (Ptilinopus jambu), Yellow-throated Hanging Parrot 43 Sittidae 2 2 100 (Loriculus pusillus), Reddish Scops Owl (Otus rufescens), Salvadori’s Nightjar, Giant Swiftlet, 62.5 44 Dicaeidae 5 8 Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros), Black-banded Barbet (Megalaima javensis), 45 Nectariniidae 11 12 91.7 Scaly-breasted Bulbul (Pycnonotus squamatus), Sunda Bulbul, Chestnut-capped Thrush (Zoothera 46 Zosteropidae 3 4 75 interpres), Large-Wren Babbler (Napothera macrodactyla), White-breasted Babbler, Spotted 47 Estrildidae 6 8 75 48 Ploceidae 1 4 25 Crocias, Rufous-chested Flycatcher (Ficedula dumetoria), Maroon-breasted Philentoma
49 Sturnidae 4 8 50 (Philentoma velatum), Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis) and Crested Jay (Platylophus 50 Oriolidae 2 3 75 galericulatus).The remaining species are mostly least concern species (Table 3). 51 Dicruridae 6 6 100 52 Artamidae 1 1 100 DISCUSSION 53 Corvidae 5 6 83.3 The number of bird families at Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park is high, T o t a l 271 388 71.9 approxi-mately 65.4% (53 out of 81 families) of the number of bird families in Java-Bali (Sukmantoro et al. 2007). Also, the species richness is the highest among national parks in the Java-Bali region. It reaches 53.4% (271 out of 507 species) of the total number of Java-Bali bird
52 53 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 species (Sukmantoro 2007) or 16.9% (271 out of 1605 species) of the total of Indonesian bird species (Widjaja et al. 2014). At Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park,the species richnessis 245 species (Whitten et al. 1996), at Ujung Kulon National Park 234 species (Hoogerwerf 1970), at Baluran National Park 225 species (Winnasis et al. 2011) and Alas PurwoNational Park 227 species (Grantham 2000). Among bird species recorded in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, Sunda Frogmouth (Batrachostomus cornutus), Brown-chested Jungle-flycatcher (Rhinomyias brunneata), Asian Brown Flycatcher (Muscicapa dauurica) (Prawiradilaga et al. 2003, 2004) and Siberian Blue Robin (Luscinia cyane) (Prawiradilaga et.al. unpublished data) are new records for Java island.
Endemism The results have showed that the number of endemic species in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park is 11.5% (43 out of 372) of the total Indonesian endemic species or 48% (43 out of 88) of the Java-Bali endemic species (Sukmantoro et al. 2007). On the other hand, the number of restricted range forest species, which is the most important criterion to determine the extent of endemic bird areas (Bibby et al. 1992, Sujatnika et al. 1995), is very high. Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park harbours 32 out of 34 restricted range species of Java-Bali forests as defined by Sujatnika et al. (1995). In comparison to other Javan national parks, this number is similar to that of Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park (Whitten et al. 1996). However, other national parks such as Ujung Kulon National Park, Meru Betiri National Park, Baluran National Park and Alas Purwo National Park have fewer restricted range species, namely 8, 5, 6 and 4 species, respectively (Hoogerwerf 1970, MacKinnon 1993, Sujatnika et al. 1995, Rombang & Rudyanto 1999, Winnasis et al. 2011).
Conservation and Threatened Status There are gaps between national protection status and international categorisation of threatened status by the IUCN in Indonesian bird conservation (Prawiradilaga 2015). So far, only 19.7% of the birds of Gunung Halimun-Salak have been protected by Indonesian Laws. The protection has covered one critically endangered species, the Blue-banded Kingfisher (Alcedo euryzona), and 3 endangered species: Javan Hawk-eagle, Blue-tailed Trogon and Rufous-fronted Laughing thrush (Table 3). Although the Short-tailed Green Magpie has been categorised as critical and White-rumped Woodpecker has been categorised as endangered, theyhave not been protected yet. This is because they were just recently categorized as critical and endangered by IUCN (BirdLife Inter-national 2016) and their population has not been assessed. However, the other critical and en-dangered species mentioned above have been protected since 1999 (Anonymous 2007).
54 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……... species (Sukmantoro 2007) or 16.9% (271 out of 1605 species) of the total of Indonesian bird Table 3 shows that there are eight vulnerable species and 23 near threatened species species (Widjaja et al. 2014). At Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park,the species richnessis 245 recorded at Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park. Among vulnerable species, only Javan Scops species (Whitten et al. 1996), at Ujung Kulon National Park 234 species (Hoogerwerf 1970), at Owl is protected (Anonymous 2007) and Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher is a migratory species Baluran National Park 225 species (Winnasis et al. 2011) and Alas PurwoNational Park 227 species (Sukmantoro et al. 2007). Most near threatened species are not protected, except four species (Grantham 2000). Among bird species recorded in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, Sunda (17.4%), i.e. Rhinoceros Hornbill, Black-banded Barbet, White-breasted Babbler and Spotted Frogmouth (Batrachostomus cornutus), Brown-chested Jungle-flycatcher (Rhinomyias brunneata), Crocias are protected (Anonymous 2007). Asian Brown Flycatcher (Muscicapa dauurica) (Prawiradilaga et al. 2003, 2004) and Siberian Blue Some bird species that are found in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park recently have Robin (Luscinia cyane) (Prawiradilaga et.al. unpublished data) are new records for Java island. been considered heavily threatened by the cage bird trade (Lee et al. 2016). Those species include Greater Green Leafbird (Chloropsis sonneratii), Orange-spotted Bulbul (Pycnonotus bimaculatus), Endemism Grey-cheeked Bulbul (Criniger bres), Asian Fairy Bluebird (Irena puella), Long-tailed Shrike, The results have showed that the number of endemic species in Gunung Halimun-Salak Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis), White-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus), National Park is 11.5% (43 out of 372) of the total Indonesian endemic species or 48% (43 out of Chestnut-capped Thrush, Orange-headed Thrush (Zoothera citrina), Rufous-fronted Laughing 88) of the Java-Bali endemic species (Sukmantoro et al. 2007). On the other hand, the number of Thrush, Hill Blue Flycatcher (Cyornis banyumas), Oriental White-eye (Zosterops palpebrosus), restricted range forest species, which is the most important criterion to determine the extent of Pin-tailed Parrot-Finch (Erythrura prasina), Java Sparrow (Padda oryzivora), Asian Pied Starling endemic bird areas (Bibby et al. 1992, Sujatnika et al. 1995), is very high. Gunung Halimun-Salak (Sturnus contra), Javan Myna (Acridotheres javanicus) and Short-tailed Green Magpie. Currently, National Park harbours 32 out of 34 restricted range species of Java-Bali forests as defined by regional strategies to conserve those species are being implemented. It is expected that the strategy Sujatnika et al. (1995). In comparison to other Javan national parks, this number is similar to that of would include population assessment of those species at Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park to Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park (Whitten et al. 1996). However, other national parks such update their distribution and population in the park. as Ujung Kulon National Park, Meru Betiri National Park, Baluran National Park and Alas Purwo
National Park have fewer restricted range species, namely 8, 5, 6 and 4 species, respectively CONCLUSIONS (Hoogerwerf 1970, MacKinnon 1993, Sujatnika et al. 1995, Rombang & Rudyanto 1999, Winnasis Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park as a part of the Endemic Bird Area 160 has the et al. 2011). highest bird species richness in the Java-Bali region, especially in terms of endemic restricted
Conservation and Threatened Status range species. However, only some of the restricted range bird species recorded in the area have There are gaps between national protection status and international categorisation of been protected. threatened status by the IUCN in Indonesian bird conservation (Prawiradilaga 2015). So far, only 19.7% of the birds of Gunung Halimun-Salak have been protected by Indonesian Laws. The ACKNOWLEDGMENTS protection has covered one critically endangered species, the Blue-banded Kingfisher (Alcedo The research was mostly funded by the Research & Development Centre for Biology-LIPI, euryzona), and 3 endangered species: Javan Hawk-eagle, Blue-tailed Trogon and Rufous-fronted Biodiversity Conservation Project-JICA and Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park Management Laughing thrush (Table 3). Although the Short-tailed Green Magpie has been categorised as critical Project-JICA. The author would like to thank many people for their help in the field especially the and White-rumped Woodpecker has been categorised as endangered, theyhave not been protected late Alwin Marakarmah, Satrio Wijamukti, Apud, M. Irham and other field assistants. yet. This is because they were just recently categorized as critical and endangered by IUCN Drs. Sudarmadji, Dr. Dwi Setiono and Dr. Bambang Supriyanto, the previous Head of Gunung (BirdLife Inter-national 2016) and their population has not been assessed. However, the other Halimun-Salak National Park provided permit and access to work in the area. Special thanks are critical and en-dangered species mentioned above have been protected since 1999 (Anonymous directed to Dr. Yeni A. Mulyani and Dr. Frank E. Rheindt for improving the manuscript. 2007).
54 55 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
Table 3. List of birds of Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia
National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status Anhinga melanogaster 1 Phalacrocoraciidae Darter Protected by A, B Near Threatened Pennant, 1769 Ardea cinerea 2 Ardeidae Grey Heron Not protected Least Concern Linnaeus, 1758 Butorides striatus 3 Ardeidae Striated Heron Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1758) Gorsachius melanolophus 4 Ardeidae Malayan Night Heron Not protected Least Concern (Raffles, 1822) Ixobrychus eurythmus 5 Ardeidae Schrenck’s Bittern Not protected Least Concern (Swinhoe, 1873) Ciconia episcopus 6 Ciconiidae Woolly-necked Stork Protected by A, B Vulnerable (Boddaert, 1783)
Pernis ptilorhynchus 7 Accipitridae Crested Honey Buzzard Protected by A, B Least Concern (Temminck, 1821)
Elanus caeruleus 8 Accipitridae Black-winged Kite Protected by A, B Least Concern (Desfontaines, 1789) Haliastur indus 9 Accipitridae Brahminy Kite Protected by A, B Least Concern (Boddaert, 1783) Haliaeetus leucogaster 10 Accipitridae White-bellied Sea-eagle Protected by A, B Least Concern (Gmelin, 1788) Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus 11 Accipitridae Grey-headed Fish Eagle Protected by A, B Near Threatened (Horsfield, 1821)
Spilornis cheela 12 Accipitridae Crested Serpent Eagle Protected by A, B Least Concern (Latham, 1790)
Accipiter trivirgatus 13 Accipitridae Crested Goshawk Protected by A, B Least Concern (Temminck, 1824)
Accipiter soloensis 14 Accipitridae Chinese Sparrowhawk Protected by A, B Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821)
Accipiter gularis 15 Accipitridae (Temminck & Schlegel, Japanese Sparrowhawk Protected by A, B Least Concern 1844)
Accipiter virgatus 16 Accipitridae Besra Protected by A, B Least Concern (Temminck, 1822)
Ictinaetus malayensis 17 Accipitridae Black Eagle Protected by A, B Least Concern (Temminck, 1822)
Hieraeetus kienerii 18 Accipitridae (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Rufous-bellied Eagle Protected by A, B Least Concern 1835) Spizaetus cirrhatus 19 Accipitridae Crested Hawk -eagle Protected by A, B Least Concern (Gmelin, 1788) Spizaetus bartelsi 20 Accipitridae Javan Hawk-eagle Protected by A, B Endangered Stresemann, 1924 (EJ)
Microchierax fringillarius Black-thighed 21 Falconidae Protected by A, B Not Evaluated (Drapiez, 1824) Falconet
Falco moluccensis 22 Falconidae Spotted Kestrel Protected by A, B Least Concern (Bonaparte, 1850)
Arborophila orientalis Grey-breasted 23 Phasianidae Not protected Vulnerable (Horsfield, 1821) (E) Partridge
56 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……...
National Table 3. List of birds of Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status
National Arborophila javanica Chestnut-bellied No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category 24 Phasianidae Not protected Least Concern Protection Status (Gmelin, 1789) (EJ) Partridge Anhinga melanogaster Gallus gallus 1 Phalacrocoraciidae Darter Protected by A, B Near Threatened 25 Phasianidae Red Jungle Fowl Not protected Least Concern Pennant, 1769 (Linnaeus, 1758) Ardea cinerea Gallus varius 2 Ardeidae Grey Heron Not protected Least Concern 26 Phasianidae Green Jungle Fowl Not protected Least Concern Linnaeus, 1758 (Shaw, 1798) (E) Butorides striatus Turnix suscitator 3 Ardeidae Striated Heron Not protected Least Concern 27 Turnicidae Barred Buttonquail Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gmelin, 1789) Gorsachius melanolophus Porzana paykullii 4 Ardeidae Malayan Night Heron Not protected Least Concern 28 Rallidae Band-bellied Crake Not protected Near Threatened (Raffles, 1822) (Ljungh, 1813) Ixobrychus eurythmus Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted 5 Ardeidae Schrenck’s Bittern Not protected Least Concern 29 Rallidae Not protected Least Concern (Swinhoe, 1873) (Pennant, 1769) Waterhen Ciconia episcopus Scolopax satrurata 6 Ciconiidae Woolly-necked Stork Protected by A, B Vulnerable 30 Scolopacidae Javan Woodcock Not protected Near Threatened (Boddaert, 1783) Horsfield, 1821
Pernis ptilorhynchus Treron oxyura 7 Accipitridae Crested Honey Buzzard Protected by A, B Least Concern 31 Columbidae Sumatran Green Pigeon Not protected Near Threatened (Temminck, 1821) (Temminck, 1823) (E) Treron sphenura Wedge-tailed Green Elanus caeruleus 32 Columbidae Not protected Least Concern 8 Accipitridae Black-winged Kite Protected by A, B Least Concern (Vigors, 1831) Pigeon (Desfontaines, 1789) Treron capellei Haliastur indus 33 Columbidae Large Green Pigeon Not protected Vulnerable 9 Accipitridae Brahminy Kite Protected by A, B Least Concern (Boddaert, 1783) (Temminck, 1823) Haliaeetus leucogaster Treron vernans Pink-necked Green 10 Accipitridae White-bellied Sea-eagle Protected by A, B Least Concern 34 Columbidae Not protected Least Concern (Gmelin, 1788) (Linnaeus, 1771) Pigeon Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus Ptilinopus porphyreus 11 Accipitridae Grey-headed Fish Eagle Protected by A, B Near Threatened 35 Columbidae Pink-headed Fruit Dove Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821) (Temminck, 1823) (E) Ptilinopus jambu Spilornis cheela 36 Columbidae Jambu Fruit Dove Not protected Near Threatened 12 Accipitridae Crested Serpent Eagle Protected by A, B Least Concern (Latham, 1790) (Gmelin, 1789) Ptilinopus melanospila Accipiter trivirgatus 37 Columbidae Black-naped Fruit Dove Not protected Least Concern 13 Accipitridae Crested Goshawk Protected by A, B Least Concern (Salvadori, 1875) (Temminck, 1824) Ducula aenea Accipiter soloensis 38 Columbidae Green Imperial Pigeon Not protected Least Concern 14 Accipitridae Chinese Sparrowhawk Protected by A, B Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766) (Horsfield, 1821) Ducula badia Mountain Imperial 39 Columbidae Not protected Least Concern Accipiter gularis (Raffles, 1822) Pigeon 15 Accipitridae (Temminck & Schlegel, Japanese Sparrowhawk Protected by A, B Least Concern Ducula lacernulata Dark-backed Imperial 1844) 40 Columbidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1823) (E) Pigeon Accipiter virgatus 16 Accipitridae Besra Protected by A, B Least Concern Macropygia unchall (Temminck, 1822) 41 Columbidae Barred Cuckoo Dove Not protected Least Concern (Wagler, 1827) Ictinaetus malayensis 17 Accipitridae Black Eagle Protected by A, B Least Concern Macropygia emiliana (Temminck, 1822) 42 Columbidae Ruddy Cuckoo Dove Not protected Least Concern Bonaparte, 1854 Hieraeetus kienerii 18 Accipitridae (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Rufous-bellied Eagle Protected by A, B Least Concern Macropygia ruficeps 43 Columbidae Little Cuckoo Dove Not protected Least Concern 1835) (Temminck, 1874) Spizaetus cirrhatus 19 Accipitridae Crested Hawk -eagle Protected by A, B Least Concern Streptopelia bitorquata (Gmelin, 1788) 44 Columbidae Island Collared Dove Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1810) Spizaetus bartelsi 20 Accipitridae Javan Hawk-eagle Protected by A, B Endangered Stresemann, 1924 (EJ) Streptopelia chinensis 45 Columbidae Spotted Dove Not protected Least Concern (Scopoli, 1786) Microchierax fringillarius Black-thighed 21 Falconidae Protected by A, B Not Evaluated (Drapiez, 1824) Falconet Geopelia striata 46 Columbidae Zebra Dove Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766) Falco moluccensis 22 Falconidae Spotted Kestrel Protected by A, B Least Concern (Bonaparte, 1850) Chalcophaps indica 47 Columbidae Emerald Dove Not protected Least Concern Arborophila orientalis Grey-breasted (Linnaeus, 1758) 23 Phasianidae Not protected Vulnerable (Horsfield, 1821) (E) Partridge
56 57 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status
Psittacula alexandri 48 Psittacidae Red-breasted Parakeet Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1758)
Loriculus pusillus Yellow-throated 49 Psittacidae Not protected Near Threatened G.R. Gray, 1859 (EJ) Hanging Parrot
Clamator coromandus Chestnut-winged 50 Cuculidae Not protected Least concerned (Linnaeus, 1766) Cuckoo
Cuculus sparveroides 51 Cuculidae Large Hawk-cuckoo Not protected Least Concern Vigors, 1831
Cuculus lepidus 52 Cuculidae Sunda Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern S. Muller, 1845
Cuculus saturatus 53 Cuculidae Oriental Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern Blyth, 1843
Cacomantis sonneratii 54 Cuculidae Banded Bay Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern (Latham, 1790)
Cacomantis merulinus 55 Cuculidae Plaintive Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern (Scopoli, 1786)
Cacomantis sepulcralis 56 Cuculidae Rusty-breasted Cuckoo Not protected Not Evaluated (S. Müller, 1843)
Chrysoccocyx xanthorhynchus 57 Cuculidae Violet Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821)
Surniculus lugubris 58 Cuculidae Asian Drongo Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821)
Rhamphococcyx curvirostris Chestnut-breasted 59 Cuculidae Not protected Least Concern Shaw, 1810 Malkoha
Centropus sinensis 60 Cuculidae Greater Coucal Not protected Least Concern Stephens, 1815
Centropus bengalensis 61 Cuculidae Lesser Coucal Not protected Least Concern Gmelin, 1788
Zanclostomus javanicus 62 Cuculidae Red-billed Malkoha Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821
Otus rufescens 63 Strigidae Reddish Scops Owl Not protected Near Threatened Horsfield, 1821
Otus angelinae 64 Strigidae Javan Scops Owl Not protected Vulnerable (Finsch, 1912) (EJ)
Otus lempiji 65 Strigidae Collared Scops Owl Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821)
Bubo sumatranus 66 Strigidae Barred Eagle Owl Not protected Least Concern Raffles, 1822
Ketupa ketupu 67 Strigidae Buffy Fish Owl Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821
58 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……...
National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category National Protection Status No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status
Psittacula alexandri 48 Psittacidae Red-breasted Parakeet Not protected Least Concern Glaucidium castanopterum (Linnaeus, 1758) 68 Strigidae Javan Owlet Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 (EJ)
Loriculus pusillus Yellow-throated Strix leptogrammica 49 Psittacidae Not protected Near Threatened 69 Strigidae Brown Wood Owl Not protected Least Concern G.R. Gray, 1859 (EJ) Hanging Parrot Temminck, 1831
Clamator coromandus Chestnut-winged Batrachostomus javensis 50 Cuculidae Not protected Least concerned 70 Podargidae Javan Frogmouth Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766) Cuckoo Horsfield, 1821
Cuculus sparveroides Batrachostomus cornutus 51 Cuculidae Large Hawk-cuckoo Not protected Least Concern 71 Podargidae Sunda Frogmouth Not protected Least Concern Vigors, 1831 (Temminck, 1822)
Cuculus lepidus Caprimulgus macrurus 52 Cuculidae Sunda Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern 72 Caprimulgidae Large-tailed Nightjar Not protected Least Concern S. Muller, 1845 Horsfield, 1821
Caprimulgus affinis Cuculus saturatus 73 Caprimulgidae Savanna Nightjar Not protected Least Concern 53 Cuculidae Oriental Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 Blyth, 1843 Caprimulgus pulchellus Cacomantis sonneratii 74 Caprimulgidae Salvadori’s Nightjar Not protected Near Threatened 54 Cuculidae Banded Bay Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern Salvadori, 1879 (E) (Latham, 1790) Hydrochous gigas 75 Apodidae Giant Swiftlet Not protected Near Threatened Cacomantis merulinus Hartert & Butler, 1901 55 Cuculidae Plaintive Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern (Scopoli, 1786) Collocalia vulcanorum 76 Apodidae Volcano Swiftlet Not protected Near Threatned Cacomantis sepulcralis (Stresemann, 1926) (EJ) 56 Cuculidae Rusty-breasted Cuckoo Not protected Not Evaluated (S. Müller, 1843) Collocalia fuciphaga 77 Apodidae Edible-nest Swiftlet Not protected Not Applicable Thunberg, 1821 Chrysoccocyx xanthorhynchus 57 Cuculidae Violet Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821) Collocalia salangana 78 Apodidae Mossy-nest Swiftlet Not protected Least Concern (Streubel, 1848) Surniculus lugubris 58 Cuculidae Asian Drongo Cuckoo Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821) Collocalia linchi 79 Apodidae Cave Swiftlet Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield & F. Moore, 1854) Rhamphococcyx curvirostris Chestnut-breasted 59 Cuculidae Not protected Least Concern Shaw, 1810 Malkoha Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated 80 Apodidae Not protected Least Concern Centropus sinensis Latham, 1801 Needletail 60 Cuculidae Greater Coucal Not protected Least Concern Stephens, 1815 Hirundapus cochinchinensis Silver-backed 81 Apodidae Not protected Least Concern (Oustalet, 1878) Needletail Centropus bengalensis 61 Cuculidae Lesser Coucal Not protected Least Concern Gmelin, 1788 Hirundapus giganteus Brown-backed 82 Apodidae Not protected Least Concern Temminck, 1825 Needletail Zanclostomus javanicus 62 Cuculidae Red-billed Malkoha Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 Apus pacificus 83 Apodidae Fork-tailed Swift Not protected Least Concern Latham, 1801 Otus rufescens 63 Strigidae Reddish Scops Owl Not protected Near Threatened Cypsiurus balasiensis Horsfield, 1821 84 Apodidae Asian Palm Swift Not protected Least Concern (J.E. Gray, 1829) Otus angelinae 64 Strigidae Javan Scops Owl Not protected Vulnerable Hemiprocne longipennis Grey-rumped Trees- (Finsch, 1912) (EJ) 85 Hemiprocnidae Not protected Least Concern Rafinesque, 1802 wift Otus lempiji 65 Strigidae Collared Scops Owl Not protected Least Concern Apalharpactes reinwardtii (Horsfield, 1821) 86 Trogonidae Blue-tailed Trogon Protected by A, B Endangered Temminck, 1822 (EJ)
Bubo sumatranus Harpactes oreskios Orange-breasted 66 Strigidae Barred Eagle Owl Not protected Least Concern 87 Trogonidae Protected by A, B Least Concern Raffles, 1822 Temminck, 1823 Trogon
Ketupa ketupu Alcedo meninting Blue-eared 67 Strigidae Buffy Fish Owl Not protected Least Concern 88 Alcedinidae Protected by A, B Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 Horsfield, 1821 Kingfisher
58 59 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status
Alcedo euryzona 89 Alcedinidae Blue-banded Kingfisher Protected by A, B Critically Endangered Temminck, 1830
Pelargopsis capensis 90 Alcedinidae Stork-billed Kingfisher Protected by A, B Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766)
Lacedo pulchella 91 Alcedinidae Banded Kingfisher Protected by A, B Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821)
Halcyon cyanoventris 92 Alcedinidae Javan Kingfisher Protected by A, B Least Concern (Vieillot, 1818) (EJ)
Todirhamphus chloris 93 Alcedinidae Collared Kingfisher Protected by A, B Least Concern Boddaert, 1783
Rhyticeros undulatus 94 Bucerotidae Wreathed Honbill Protected by A, B Least Concern Shaw, 1811
Anthracoceros albirostris 95 Bucerotidae Oriental Pied Hornbill Protected by A, B Least Concern (Shaw, 1807)
Buceros rhinoceros 96 Bucerotidae Rhinoceros Hornbill Protected by A, B Near Threatened Linnaeus, 1758
Megalaima lineata 97 Capitonidae Lineated Barbet Not protected Least Concern (Vieillot, 1816)
Megalaima corvina 98 Capitonidae Brown-throated Barbet Protected by A, B Least Concern Temminck, 1831 (EJ)
Megalaima javensis 99 Capitonidae Black-banded Barbet Protected by A, B Near Threatened Horsfield, 1821 (EJ)
Megalaima armillaris 100 Capitonidae Flame-fronted Barbet Protected by A, B Least Concern Temminck, 1821 (EJ)
Megalaima australis 101 Capitonidae Blue-eared Barbet Not protected Not Applicable Horsfield, 1821 Megalaima haemacephala 102 Capitonidae Coppersmith Barbet Not protected Least Concern P.L.S. Mueller, 1776)
Sasia abnormis 103 Picidae Rufous Piculet Not protected Least Concern Temminck, 1825
Micropterus brachyurus 104 Picidae Rufous Woodpecker Not protected Least Concern (Vieillot, 1818)
Picus vittatus 105 Picidae Laced Woodpecker Not protected Least Concern Vieillot, 1818
Picus mentalis Checker-throated 106 Picidae Not protected Not Applicable Temminck, 1825 Woodpecker
Picus puniceus Crimson-winged 107 Picidae Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 Woodpecker
Picus miniaceus 108 Picidae Banded Woodpecker Not protected Least Concern Pennant, 1769
Dinopium javanense 109 Picidae Common Goldenback Not protected Not Applicable Ljungh, 1797
Meiglyptes tristis Buff-rumped 110 Picidae Not protected Endangered Horsfield, 1821 Woodpecker
60 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……...
National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status Alcedo euryzona 89 Alcedinidae Blue-banded Kingfisher Protected by A, B Critically Endangered Mulleripicus pulverulentus Great Slaty Temminck, 1830 111 Picidae Not protected Vulnerable Temminck, 1826 Woodpecker
Pelargopsis capensis Dryocopus javensis White-bellied 90 Alcedinidae Stork-billed Kingfisher Protected by A, B Least Concern 112 Picidae Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766) Horsfield, 1821 Woodpecker
Lacedo pulchella Dendrocopos macei Fulvous-breasted 91 Alcedinidae Banded Kingfisher Protected by A, B Least Concern 113 Picidae Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821) Vieillot, 1818 Woodpecker
Halcyon cyanoventris Dendrocopos moluccensis Sunda Pygmy 92 Alcedinidae Javan Kingfisher Protected by A, B Least Concern 114 Picidae Not protected Least Concern (Vieillot, 1818) (EJ) Gmelin, 1788 Woodpecker Hemicircus concretus Grey- and- buff Todirhamphus chloris 115 Picidae Not protected Least Concern 93 Alcedinidae Collared Kingfisher Protected by A, B Least Concern Temminck, 1821 Woodpecker Boddaert, 1783 Reinwardtipicus validus Orange-backed Rhyticeros undulatus 116 Picidae Not protected Least Concern 94 Bucerotidae Wreathed Honbill Protected by A, B Least Concern Temminck, 1825 Woodpecker Shaw, 1811 Eurylaimus javanicus 117 Eurylaimidae Banded Broadbill Not protected Least Concern Anthracoceros albirostris Horsfiled, 1821 95 Bucerotidae Oriental Pied Hornbill Protected by A, B Least Concern (Shaw, 1807) Pitta guajana 118 Pittidae Banded Pitta Protected by A, B Least Concern Buceros rhinoceros P.L.S. Mueller, 1776 96 Bucerotidae Rhinoceros Hornbill Protected by A, B Near Threatened Linnaeus, 1758
Megalaima lineata Pitta sordida 97 Capitonidae Lineated Barbet Not protected Least Concern 119 Pittidae Hooded Pitta Protected by A, B Least Concern (Vieillot, 1816) (P.L.S.Mueller, 1776)
Megalaima corvina Hirundo rustica 98 Capitonidae Brown-throated Barbet Protected by A, B Least Concern 120 Hirundinidae Barn Swallow Not protected Least Concern Temminck, 1831 (EJ) Linnaeus, 1758
Megalaima javensis Hirundo tahitica 99 Capitonidae Black-banded Barbet Protected by A, B Near Threatened 121 Hirundinidae Pacific Swallow Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 (EJ) Gmelin, 1789
Megalaima armillaris Hirundo striolata 100 Capitonidae Flame-fronted Barbet Protected by A, B Least Concern 122 Hirundinidae Striated Swallow Not protected Least Concern Temminck, 1821 (EJ) Temminck & Schlegel, 1847
Megalaima australis Delichon dasypus 101 Capitonidae Blue-eared Barbet Not protected Not Applicable 123 Hirundinidae Asian House Martin Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 Bonaparte, 1850
Megalaima haemacephala Dendronanthus indicus 102 Capitonidae Coppersmith Barbet Not protected Least Concern 124 Motacillidae Forest Wagtail Not protected Least Concern P.L.S. Mueller, 1776) (Gmelin, 1789) Sasia abnormis 103 Picidae Rufous Piculet Not protected Least Concern Motacilla flava Western Yellow Temminck, 1825 125 Motacillidae Not protected Least Concern Linnaeus, 1758 Wagtail Micropterus brachyurus 104 Picidae Rufous Woodpecker Not protected Least Concern Motacilla cinerea (Vieillot, 1818) 126 Motacillidae Grey Wagtail Not protected Least Concern Tunstall, 1771 Picus vittatus 105 Picidae Laced Woodpecker Not protected Least Concern Coracina javensis Vieillot, 1818 127 Campephagidae Javan Cuckooshrike Not protected Least Concern (Horsfiled, 1821) (EJ) Picus mentalis Checker-throated 106 Picidae Not protected Not Applicable Coracina larvata Temminck, 1825 Woodpecker 128 Campephagidae Sunda Cuckooshrike Not protected Least Concern (S. Mueller, 1843) Picus puniceus Crimson-winged 107 Picidae Not protected Least Concern Coracina fimbriata Horsfield, 1821 Woodpecker 129 Campephagidae Lesser Cuckooshrike Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1824) Picus miniaceus 108 Picidae Banded Woodpecker Not protected Least Concern Lalage nigra Pennant, 1769 130 Campephagidae Pied Triller Not protected Least Concern (J.R. Forster, 1781) Dinopium javanense 109 Picidae Common Goldenback Not protected Not Applicable Pericrocotus miniatus Ljungh, 1797 131 Campephagidae Sunda Minivet Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1822) (E) Meiglyptes tristis Buff-rumped 110 Picidae Not protected Endangered Horsfield, 1821 Woodpecker
60 61 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status
Pericrocotus flammeus 132 Campephagidae Scarlet Minivet Not protected Least Concern (J.R. Forster, 1781)
Hemipus hirundinaceus Black-winged 133 Campephagidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1822) Flyctacher-shrike
Tephrodornis virgatus 134 Campephagidae Large Woodshrike Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1824)
Aegithina tiphia 135 Aegithinidae Common Iora Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chloropsis sonneratii Greater Green 136 Chloropseidae Not protected Least Concern Jardine & Selby, 1827 Leafbird
Chloropsis cochinchinensis Blue-winged 137 Chloropseidae Not protected Least Concern (Gmelin, 1789) Leafbird
Pycnonotus atriceps Black-headed 138 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1822) Bulbul
Pycnonotus melanicterus Black-crested 139 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern (Gmelin, 1789) Bulbul
Pycnonotus squamatus Scaly-breasted 140 Pycnonotidae Not protected Near Threatened (Temminck, 1828) Bulbul
Pycnonotus aurigaster Sooty-headed 141 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern (Jardine & Selby, 1837) Bulbul
Pycnonotus bimaculatus Orange-spotted 142 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern (Hosrfield, 1821) (E) Bulbul
Pycnonotus goiavier Yellow-vented 143 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern (Scopoli, 1786) Bulbul
Pycnonotus plumosus Olive-winged 144 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern Blyth, 1845 Bulbul
Pycnonotus simplex Cream-vented 145 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern Lesson, 1839 Bulbul
Pycnonotus brunneus Asian Red-eyed 146 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern Blyth,1845 Bulbul
Criniger bres Grey-cheeked 147 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern (Lesson, 1831) Bulbul
Ixos virescens 148 Pycnonotidae Sunda Bulbul Not protected Near Threatened Temminck, 1825 (E)
Irena puella Asian Fairy 149 Irenidae Not protected Least Concern (Latham, 1790) Bluebird
Lanius tigrinus 150 Laniidae Tiger Shrike Not protected Least Concern Drapiez, 1828
62 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……...
National National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status Protection Status
Pericrocotus flammeus Lanius cristatus 132 Campephagidae Scarlet Minivet Not protected Least Concern 151 Laniidae Brown Shrike Not protected Least Concern (J.R. Forster, 1781) Linnaeus, 1758 Lanius schah Long-tailed Hemipus hirundinaceus Black-winged 152 Laniidae Not protected Least Concern 133 Campephagidae Not protected Least Concern Linnaeus, 1758 Shrike (Temminck, 1822) Flyctacher-shrike Brachypteryx leucophrys 153 Turdidae Lesser Shortwing Not protected Least Concern Tephrodornis virgatus (Temminck, 1828) 134 Campephagidae Large Woodshrike Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1824) Brachypteryx montana White-browed 154 Turdidae Not protected Least Concern Aegithina tiphia Horsfield, 1821 Shortwing 135 Aegithinidae Common Iora Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1758) Luscinia cyane Siberian Blue 155 Turdidae Not protected Least Concern (Pallas, 1776) Robin Chloropsis sonneratii Greater Green 136 Chloropseidae Not protected Least Concern Jardine & Selby, 1827 Leafbird Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie 156 Turdidae Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1758) Robin Chloropsis cochinchinensis Blue-winged 137 Chloropseidae Not protected Least Concern (Gmelin, 1789) Leafbird Copsychus malabaricus White-rumped 157 Turdidae Not protected Least Concern (Scopoli, 1786) Shama Pycnonotus atriceps Black-headed 138 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1822) Bulbul Cinclidium diana 158 Turdidae Sunda Robin Not protected Least Concern (Lesson, 1831) (E) Pycnonotus melanicterus Black-crested 139 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern Enicurus velatus (Gmelin, 1789) Bulbul 159 Turdidae Sunda Forktail Not protected Least Concern Temminck, 1822 (E) Pycnonotus squamatus Scaly-breasted 140 Pycnonotidae Not protected Near Threatened Enicurus leschenaulti White-crowned (Temminck, 1828) Bulbul 160 Turdidae Not protected Least Concern (Vieillot, 1818) Forktail
Pycnonotus aurigaster Sooty-headed 141 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern Cochoa azurea (Jardine & Selby, 1837) Bulbul 161 Turdidae Javan Cochoa Not protected Vulnerable (Temminck, 1824) (EJ)
Pycnonotus bimaculatus Orange-spotted Myophonus glaucinus Sunda Whistling 142 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern 162 Turdidae Not protected Least Concern (Hosrfield, 1821) (E) Bulbul (Temminck, 1823) (EJ) Thrush
Pycnonotus goiavier Yellow-vented Myophonus caeruleus Brown-winged 143 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern 163 Turdidae Not protected Least Concern (Scopoli, 1786) Bulbul (Scopoli, 1786) Whistling Thrush
Pycnonotus plumosus Olive-winged Zoothera interpres Chestnut-capped 144 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern 164 Turdidae Not protected Near Threatened Blyth, 1845 Bulbul (Temminck, 1828) Thrush
Pycnonotus simplex Cream-vented Zoothera citrina Orange-headed 145 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern 165 Turdidae Not protected Least Concern Lesson, 1839 Bulbul (Latham, 1790) Thrush
Zoothera sibirica Pycnonotus brunneus Asian Red-eyed 166 Turdidae Siberian Thrush Not protected Least Concern 146 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern (Pallas, 1776) Blyth,1845 Bulbul Zoothera andromedae 167 Turdidae Sunda Thrush Not protected Least Concern Criniger bres Grey-cheeked (Temminck, 1826) 147 Pycnonotidae Not protected Least Concern (Lesson, 1831) Bulbul Zoothera dauma 168 Turdidae Scaly Thrush Not protected Least Concern Ixos virescens (Latham, 1790) 148 Pycnonotidae Sunda Bulbul Not protected Near Threatened Temminck, 1825 (E) Turdus obscurus Eye-browed 169 Turdidae Not protected Least Concern Irena puella Asian Fairy Gmelin, 1789 Thrush 149 Irenidae Not protected Least Concern (Latham, 1790) Bluebird Pellorneum capistratum Black-capped 170 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern Lanius tigrinus (Temminck, 1823) Babbler 150 Laniidae Tiger Shrike Not protected Least Concern Drapiez, 1828
62 63 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status
Pellorneum pyrrogenys 171 Timaliidae Temminck’s Babbler Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1827)
Malacocincla sepiarium 172 Timaliidae Horsfield’s Babbler Not protected Least Concern (Hosrfield, 1821)
Malacoptreron cinereum Scaly-crowned 173 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern Eyton, 1839 Babbler
Pomatorhinus montanus Chestnut-backed 174 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 Scimitar-Babbler
Napothera macrodactyla 175 Timaliidae Large-Wren Babbler Not protected Near Threatened (Strickland, 1844)
Napothera epilepidota Eye-browed 176 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1828) Wren-Babbler
Pnoepyga pusilla 177 Timaliidae Pygmy Wren-babbler Not protected Least Concern Hodgson, 1845
Stachyris grammiceps White-breasted 178 Timaliidae Protected by A, B Near Threatened (Temminck, 1827) (EJ) Babbler
Stachyris thoracica White-bibbed 179 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1821) (E) Babbler
Stachyris melanothorax Crescent-chested 180 Timaliidae Protected by A, B Least Concern (Temminck, 1823) (EJ) Babbler
Macronous flavicollis Grey-cheeked 181 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Bonaparte, 1850) (EJ) Tit-babbler
Macronous gularis 182 Timaliidae Striped Tit-babbler Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1822)
Timalia pileata Chestnut-capped 183 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 Babbler
Garrulax rufifrons Rufous-fronted 184 Timaliidae Protected by A, B Endangered Lesson, 1831 (EJ) Laughing Thrush Pteruthius flaviscapis White-browed 185 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1836) Shrike-babbler
Pteruthius aenobarbus Chestnut-fronted 186 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1836) Shrike Babbler
Alcippe pyrrhoptera 187 Timaliidae Javan Fulvetta Protected by A, B Least Concern (Bonaparte, 1850) (EJ)
Crocias albonotatus 188 Timaliidae Spotted Crocias Protected by A, B Near Threatened (Lesson, 1832) (EJ)
Tesia superciliaris 189 Sylviidae Javan Tesia Not protected Least Concern (Bonaparte, 1850) (EJ)
Cettia vulcania 190 Sylviidae Sunda Bush Warbler Not protected Least Concern (Blyth, 1870)
64 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……...
National National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status Protection Status
Pellorneum pyrrogenys Megalurus palustris 171 Timaliidae Temminck’s Babbler Not protected Least Concern 191 Sylviidae Striated Grassbird Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1827) Horsfield, 1821 Acrocephalus orientalis Malacocincla sepiarium 172 Timaliidae Horsfield’s Babbler Not protected Least Concern 192 Sylviidae (Temminck & Schlegel, Oriental Reed Warbler Not protected Under review (Hosrfield, 1821) 1847)
Malacoptreron cinereum Scaly-crowned Cisticola juncidis 173 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern 193 Sylviidae Zitting Cisticola Not protected Least Concern Eyton, 1839 Babbler (Rafinesque, 1810)
Prinia polychroa Pomatorhinus montanus Chestnut-backed 194 Sylviidae Brown Prinia Not protected Least Concern 174 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1828) Horsfield, 1821 Scimitar-Babbler Prinia familiaris Napothera macrodactyla 195 Sylviidae Bar-winged Prinia Not protected Least Concern 175 Timaliidae Large-Wren Babbler Not protected Near Threatened Horsfield, 1821 (E) (Strickland, 1844) Prinia flaviventris 196 Sylviidae Yellow-bellied Prinia Not protected Least Concern Napothera epilepidota Eye-browed (Delessert, 1840) 176 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1828) Wren-Babbler Prinia inornata 197 Sylviidae Plain Prinia Not protected Least Concern Pnoepyga pusilla Sykes, 1832 177 Timaliidae Pygmy Wren-babbler Not protected Least Concern Hodgson, 1845 Orthotomus cucullatus 198 Sylviidae Mountain Tailorbird Not protected Least Concern Temminck, 1836 Stachyris grammiceps White-breasted 178 Timaliidae Protected by A, B Near Threatened (Temminck, 1827) (EJ) Babbler Orthotomus sutorius 199 Sylviidae Common Tailorbird Not protected Least Concern (Pennant, 1769) Stachyris thoracica White-bibbed 179 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1821) (E) Babbler Orthotomus sepium Olive-backed 200 Sylviidae Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 (E) Tailorbird Stachyris melanothorax Crescent-chested 180 Timaliidae Protected by A, B Least Concern (Temminck, 1823) (EJ) Babbler Phylloscopus borealis 201 Sylviidae Arctic Warbler Not protected Least Concern (H. Blasius, 1858) Macronous flavicollis Grey-cheeked 181 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Bonaparte, 1850) (EJ) Tit-babbler Phylloscopus trivirgatus M o u n tai n L e a f 202 Sylviidae Not protected Least Concern Strickland, 1849 Warbler Macronous gularis 182 Timaliidae Striped Tit-babbler Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1822) Seicercus grammiceps 203 Sylviidae Sunda Warbler Not protected Least Concern (Strickland, 1849) (E) Timalia pileata Chestnut-capped 183 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern Horsfield, 1821 Babbler Abroscopus superciliaris Y e llo w -b e l lied 204 Sylviidae Not protected Least Concern (Blyth, 1859) Warbler Garrulax rufifrons Rufous-fronted 184 Timaliidae Protected by A, B Endangered Lesson, 1831 (EJ) Laughing Thrush Rhinomyias olivacea Ful v ou s - c h e sted 205 Muscicapidae Not protected Least Concern Pteruthius flaviscapis White-browed (Hume, 1877) Jungle Flycatcher 185 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1836) Shrike-babbler Rhinomyias brunneata B ro w n-chested 206 Muscicapidae Not protected Vulnerable Pteruthius aenobarbus Chestnut-fronted (Slater, 1897) Jungle Flycatcher 186 Timaliidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1836) Shrike Babbler Muscicapa dauurica A s i a n Bro w n Alcippe pyrrhoptera 207 Muscicapidae Not protected Least Concern 187 Timaliidae Javan Fulvetta Protected by A, B Least Concern Pallas, 1811 Flycatcher (Bonaparte, 1850) (EJ) Muscicapa ferruginea F e rru g i n o u s Crocias albonotatus 208 Muscicapidae Not protected Least Concern 188 Timaliidae Spotted Crocias Protected by A, B Near Threatened (Hodgson, 1845) Flycatcher (Lesson, 1832) (EJ) Eumyias indigo Tesia superciliaris 209 Muscicapidae Indigo Flycatcher Not protected Least Concern 189 Sylviidae Javan Tesia Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821) (Bonaparte, 1850) (EJ)
Cettia vulcania Ficedula mugimaki 190 Sylviidae Sunda Bush Warbler Not protected Least Concern 210 Muscicapidae Mugimaki Flycatcher Not protected Least Concern (Blyth, 1870) (Temminck, 1836)
64 65 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status
Ficedula hyperythra Snowy-browed 211 Muscicapidae Not protected Least Concern (Blyth, 1843) Flycatcher
Ficedula dumetoria Rufous-chested 212 Muscicapidae Not protected Near Threatened (Wallace, 1864) Flycatcher
Ficedula westermanni 213 Muscicapidae Little Pied Flycatcher Not protected Least Concern (Sharpe, 1888)
Cyanoptila cyanomelana Blue-and-white 214 Muscicapidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1829) Flycatcher
Cyornis unicolor 215 Muscicapidae Pale Blue Flycatcher Not protected Least Concern Blyth, 1843
Cyornis banyumas 216 Muscicapidae Hill Blue Flycatcher Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821)
Culicicapa ceylonensis Grey-headed 217 Muscicapidae Not protected Least Concern (Swainson, 1820) Canary Flycatcher
Gerygone sulphurea Golden-bellied 218 Acanthizidae Not protected Least Concern Wallace, 1864 Gerygone
Philentoma velatum Maroon-breasted 219 Platysteridae Not protected Near Threatened (Temminck, 1825) Philentoma
Hypothymis azurea 220 Monarchidae Black-naped Monarch Not protected Least Concern (Boddaert, 1783)
Terpsiphone paradisi Asian Paradise 221 Monarchidae Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1758) Flycatcher
Rhipidura phoenicura Rufous-tailed 222 Rhipiduridae Protected by A, B Least Concern S. Mueller, 1843 (EJ) Fantail
Rhipidura euryura White-bellied 223 Rhipiduridae Protected by A, B Least Concern S. Mueller, 1843 Fantail
Psaltria exilis 224 Aegithalidae Pygmy Bushtit Protected by A, B Least Concern Temminck, 1836 (EJ)
Parus major 225 Paridae Great Tit Not protected Least Concern Linnaeus, 1758
Sitta frontalis Velvet-fronted 226 Sittidae Not protected Least Concern Swainson, 1820 Nuthatch
Sitta azurea 227 Sittidae Blue Nuthatch Not protected Least Concern Lesson, 1830
Prionochilus percussus Crimson-breasted 228 Dicaeidae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1826) Flowerpecker
Dicaeum trigonostigma Orange-bellied 229 Dicaeidae Not protected Least Concern (Scopoli, 1786) Flowerpecker
Dicaeum concolor 230 Dicaeidae Plain Flowerpecker Not protected Least Concern Jerdon, 1840
66 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……...
National National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status Protection Status
Ficedula hyperythra Snowy-browed Dicaeum sanguinolentum Blood-breasted 211 Muscicapidae Not protected Least Concern 231 Dicaeidae Not protected Least Concern (Blyth, 1843) Flycatcher Temminck, 1829 Flowerpecker
Ficedula dumetoria Rufous-chested Dicaeum trochileum Scarlet-headed 212 Muscicapidae Not protected Near Threatened 232 Dicaeidae Not protected Least Concern (Wallace, 1864) Flycatcher (Sparrman, 1789) (E) Flowerpecker
Ficedula westermanni Anthreptes malacensis Brown-throated 213 Muscicapidae Little Pied Flycatcher Not protected Least Concern 233 Nectarinidae Protected by A, B Least Concern (Sharpe, 1888) (Scopoli, 1786) Sunbird
Anthreptes singalensis Rubby-cheeked Cyanoptila cyanomelana Blue-and-white 234 Nectarinidae Protected by A, B Least Concern 214 Muscicapidae Not protected Least Concern Gmelin, 1789 Sunbird (Temminck, 1829) Flycatcher
Leptocoma sperata Purple-throated Cyornis unicolor 235 Nectarinidae Protected by A, B Least Concern 215 Muscicapidae Pale Blue Flycatcher Not protected Least Concern Linnaeus, 1766 Sunbird Blyth, 1843 Leptocoma calcostetha Copper-throated Cyornis banyumas 236 Nectarinidae Protected by A, B Least Concern 216 Muscicapidae Hill Blue Flycatcher Not protected Least Concern (Jardine, 1843) Sunbird (Horsfield, 1821) Cinnyris jugularis Olive-backed Culicicapa ceylonensis Grey-headed 237 Nectarinidae Protected by A, B Least Concern 217 Muscicapidae Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766) Sunbird (Swainson, 1820) Canary Flycatcher Aethopyga eximia White-flanked Gerygone sulphurea Golden-bellied 238 Nectarinidae Protected by A, B Least Concern 218 Acanthizidae Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821) (EJ) Sunbird Wallace, 1864 Gerygone Aethopyga siparaja Philentoma velatum Maroon-breasted 239 Nectarinidae CrimsonSunbird Protected by A, B Least Concern 219 Platysteridae Not protected Near Threatened (Raffles, 1822) (Temminck, 1825) Philentoma
Aethopyga mystacallis Hypothymis azurea 240 Nectarinidae Javan Sunbird Protected by A, B Least Concern 220 Monarchidae Black-naped Monarch Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1822) (EJ) (Boddaert, 1783)
Arachnothera longirostra Terpsiphone paradisi Asian Paradise 241 Nectarinidae Little Spiderhunter Protected by A, B Least Concern 221 Monarchidae Not protected Least Concern (Latham, 1790) (Linnaeus, 1758) Flycatcher
Arachnothera robusta Long-billed Rhipidura phoenicura Rufous-tailed 242 Nectarinidae Protected by A, B Least Concern 222 Rhipiduridae Protected by A, B Least Concern Muller & Schlegel, 1845 Spiderhunter S. Mueller, 1843 (EJ) Fantail
Arachnothera affinis Streaky-breasted Rhipidura euryura White-bellied 243 Nectarinidae Protected by A, B Least Concern 223 Rhipiduridae Protected by A, B Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821) Spiderhunter S. Mueller, 1843 Fantail
Zosterops palpebrosus Oriental Psaltria exilis 244 Zosteropidae Not protected Least Concern 224 Aegithalidae Pygmy Bushtit Protected by A, B Least Concern (Temminck, 1824) White-eye Temminck, 1836 (EJ)
Zosterops montanus Mountain Parus major 245 Zosteropidae Not protected Least Concern 225 Paridae Great Tit Not protected Least Concern Bonaparte, 1850 White-eye Linnaeus, 1758 Lophozopterops javanicus Grey-throated Sitta frontalis Velvet-fronted 246 Zosteropidae Protected by A, B Least Concern 226 Sittidae Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821) (EJ) White-eye Swainson, 1820 Nuthatch Erythrura hyperythra Tawny-breasted Sitta azurea 247 Estrildidae Not protected Least Concern 227 Sittidae Blue Nuthatch Not protected Least Concern (Reichenbach, 1862) Parrot-Finch Lesson, 1830 Erythrura prasina Pin-tailed Prionochilus percussus Crimson-breasted 248 Estrildidae Not protected Least Concern 228 Dicaeidae Not protected Least Concern (Sparrman, 1788) Parrot-Finch (Temminck, 1826) Flowerpecker Lonchura leucogastroides Dicaeum trigonostigma Orange-bellied 249 Estrildidae (Horsfield & Moore, 1858) Javan Munia Not protected Least Concern 229 Dicaeidae Not protected Least Concern (Scopoli, 1786) Flowerpecker (E)
Lonchura punctulata Scaly-breasted Dicaeum concolor 250 Estrildidae Not protected Least Concern 230 Dicaeidae Plain Flowerpecker Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1758) Munia Jerdon, 1840
66 67 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status
Lonchura maja 251 Estrildidae White-headed Munia Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766)
Padda oryzivora 252 Estrildidae Java Sparrow Not protected Vulnerable (Linnaeus, 1758) (EJ)
Passer montanus 253 Ploceidae Eurasian Tree Sparrow Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1758)
Aplonis minor 254 Sturnidae Short-tailed Starling Not protected Least Concern (Bonaparte, 1850)
Aplonis panayensis 255 Sturnidae Asian Glossy Starling Not protected Least Concern (Scopoli, 1786)
Sturnus contra 256 Sturnidae Asian Pied Starling Not protected Least Concern Linnaeus, 1758
Acridotheres javanicus 257 Sturnidae Javan Myna Not protected Least Concern Cabanis, 1850
Oriolus chinensis 258 Oriolidae Black-naped Oriole Not protected Near Threatened Linnaeus, 1766
Oriolus cruentus Black-and-cimson 259 Oriolidae Not protected Least Concern (Wagler, 1827) Oriole
Dicrurus macrocercus 260 Dicruridae Black Drongo Not protected Least Concern Vieillot, 1817
261 Dicruridae Dicrurus leucophaeus Ashy Drongo Not protected Least Concern Vieillot, 1817
Dicrurus annectans Crow-billed 262 Dicruridae Not protected Least Concern (Hodgson, 1836) Drongo
Dicrurus remifer Lesser Racquet-tailed 263 Dicruridae Not protected Least Concern (Temminck, 1823) rongo
Dicrurus hottentotus 264 Dicruridae Hair-crested Drongo Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766)
Dicrurus paradiseus Greater Racquet-tailed 265 Dicruridae Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766) Drongo
Artamus leucorhynchus White-breasted 266 Artamidae Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1771) Woodswallow
Platylophus galericulatus 267 Corvidae Crested Jay Not protected Near Threatened (Cuvier, 1816)
Cissa thalassina Short-tailed Critically 268 Corvidae Not protected (Temminck, 1826) Green Magpie Endangered
Crypsirina temia 269 Corvidae Racquet-tailed Treepie Not protected Least Concern (Daudin, 1800)
Corvus enca 270 Corvidae Sleder-billed Crow Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821)
Corvus macrorhynchos 271 Corvidae Large-billed Crow Not protected Least Concern Wagler, 1827
Note: EJ: Javan endemic E: Indonesian Endemic A: Laws No. 5/1990 B: Government Regulations No.7 / 1999
68 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 Prawiradilaga: Birds of Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia: endemism, ……...
National No Family Species Common Name IUCN Category Protection Status REFERENCES Adhikerana, A.S., S. Komeda, S. Wijamukti & A. Marakarmah 1998. The Birds of Gunung Halimun National Lonchura maja 251 Estrildidae White-headed Munia Not protected Least Concern Park, West Java: with particular reference to altitudinal distribution. In: Research and Conservation of (Linnaeus, 1766) Biodiversity in Indonesia. Vol. IV: Gunung Halimun. The Last Submontane Tropical Forest in West Java. LIPI- Padda oryzivora JICA-PHKA. Pp. 121-138. 252 Estrildidae Java Sparrow Not protected Vulnerable (Linnaeus, 1758) (EJ) Anonymous 2007. Peraturan Per-Undang-Undangan Bidang Perlindungan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam (Laws and Government Regulations: Specific for Forest Protection and Nature Conservation). Secretariate of the Passer montanus 253 Ploceidae Eurasian Tree Sparrow Not protected Least Concern Directorate General of Forest Protection & Nature Conservation- Ministry of Forestry, Jakarta. 617 pp. (Linnaeus, 1758) Bibby, C.J., N.J. Collar, M.J. Crosby, M.F. Heath, C. Imboden, T.H. Johnson, A.J. Long, A.J. Stattersfield & S.J. Aplonis minor Thirgood 1992. Putting Biodiversity on the Map: Priority Areas for Global Conservation. Cambridge: 254 Sturnidae Short-tailed Starling Not protected Least Concern (Bonaparte, 1850) International Council for Bird Preservation. 90 pp.
Aplonis panayensis BirdLife International 2016. IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 14/07/2016. 255 Sturnidae Asian Glossy Starling Not protected Least Concern (Scopoli, 1786) Grantham, M.J. 2000. Birds of Alas Purwo National Park. Kukila11: 97-121.
Sturnus contra Hartono, T., H. Kobayashi, H. Widjaya & M. Suparmo 2007. Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak: “Menyingkap 256 Sturnidae Asian Pied Starling Not protected Least Concern Linnaeus, 1758 kabut Gunung Halimun-Salak (Unveil the mist of Gunung Halimun-Salak).” JICA – Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park Management Project, Bogor. 48 pp. Acridotheres javanicus 257 Sturnidae Javan Myna Not protected Least Concern Heryadi, D. 2002. Species diversity and morphometric aspect of birds in two vegetation layers of Cikaniki forest, Cabanis, 1850 Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java (in Indonesia). Unpublished BSc.thesis, Padjadjaran University, Bandung. Oriolus chinensis 258 Oriolidae Black-naped Oriole Not protected Near Threatened Linnaeus, 1766 Hoogerwerf, A. 1970. On the Ornithology of Udjung Kulon. Part 2. Natural History Bulletin Siam Society 23: 447-500. Oriolus cruentus Black-and-cimson 259 Oriolidae Not protected Least Concern (Wagler, 1827) Oriole JICA-GHSNPMP. 2007. Rencana Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak Periode 2007-2026 (Management Plan of Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park 2007-2026). JICA-Gunung Halimun-Salak Dicrurus macrocercus National Park Management Project, Bogor. 124 pp. 260 Dicruridae Black Drongo Not protected Least Concern Vieillot, 1817 Lee, J., S. Chng & J. Eaton 2016. Southeast Asian Passerine Regional Strategy. Recommendations from the First Songbird Crisis Summit 2015 held in Jurong Bird Park, Singapore. September 27-29, 2015.Unpublished 261 Dicruridae Dicrurus leucophaeus Ashy Drongo Not protected Least Concern Manuscript. Vieillot, 1817 MacKinnon, J. 1988. Field Guide to the Birds of Java and Bali. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. 391 pp. Dicrurus annectans Crow-billed 262 Dicruridae Not protected Least Concern (Hodgson, 1836) Drongo MacKinnon, J.& K. Phillipps 1993. Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 491 pp. Dicrurus remifer Lesser Racquet-tailed 263 Dicruridae Not protected Least Concern MacKinnon, J. & K. Phillipps 2009. Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford University (Temminck, 1823) rongo Press Inc., New York. 491 pp. Dicrurus hottentotus Prawiradilaga, D.M. 2001. Diversity and Distribution of Raptors at Gunung Halimun National Park with particular 264 Dicruridae Hair-crested Drongo Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766) reference to Javan Hawk-eagle. Berita Biologi 5(6): 649-657.
Dicrurus paradiseus Greater Racquet-tailed Prawiradilaga, D.M., A. Marakarmah & S. Wijamukti 2003a. A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Javan Montane 265 Dicruridae Not protected Least Concern (Linnaeus, 1766) Drongo Forest: Gunung Halimun National Park. Biodiversity Conservation Project LIPI-JICA-PHKA, Bogor. 111 pp. Prawiradilaga, D M., T. Murate, A. Muzakkir, T. Inoue, Kuswandono, A.A Supriatna, D. Ekawati, M.Y.Afianto, Artamus leucorhynchus White-breasted 266 Artamidae Not protected Least Concern Hapsoro, T. Ozawa & N. Sakaguchi 2003b. Panduan Survei dan Pemantauan Burung Pemangsa (A Guidebook (Linnaeus, 1771) Woodswallow on Survey and Monitoring of Raptors). Biodiversity Conservation Project PHKA-JICA-LIPI. 96 pp. Platylophus galericulatus Prawiradilaga, D.M., A. Marakarmah, S. Wijamukti & A. Kundarmasno 2004. Additional New records of the birds of 267 Corvidae Crested Jay Not protected Near Threatened (Cuvier, 1816) Gunung Halimun National Park based on banding studies. Berita Biologi 7(1): 107-108.
Cissa thalassina Short-tailed Critically Prawiradilaga, D.M., M. Irham, T. Haryoko, R.. Moyle, R.M. Brown, C.H. Oliveros, S.L. Travers, K.V. Olson & J. 268 Corvidae Not protected (Temminck, 1826) Green Magpie Endangered Mittermeier 2013. Study Report on Biogeography, Species limit and Phyogeny Community Structure of Birds, Reptile, Amphibian and Mammal in Java (Unpublished report in Indonesia). Research Centre for Biology-LIPI, Crypsirina temia University of Kansas and Louisiana State University-USA. 269 Corvidae Racquet-tailed Treepie Not protected Least Concern (Daudin, 1800) Prawiradilaga, D.M. 2015. Kesenjangan Dalam Penentuan Kebijakan Tentang Konservasi dan Pemanfaatan Burung Corvus enca Liar di Indonesia (Gaps in National Policy concerning Wild Bird Conservation and Utilization). Prosiding 270 Corvidae Sleder-billed Crow Not protected Least Concern (Horsfield, 1821) Konferensi Nasional Peneliti dan Pemerhati Burung di Indonesia. Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor, 13-14 Februari 2015: 25-31. Corvus macrorhynchos 271 Corvidae Large-billed Crow Not protected Least Concern Rombang, W.M. & Rudyanto 1999. Daerah Penting bagi Burung di Jawa dan Bali (Important Bird Area in Java and Wagler, 1827 Bali). Bogor: PKA/BirdLife International Indonesia Programme. 113 pp.
Note: EJ: Javan endemic E: Indonesian Endemic A: Laws No. 5/1990 B: Government Regulations No.7 / 1999
68 69 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016
Simbolon, H. & E. Mirmanto 1997. Altitudinal Zonation of the Forest Vegetation in Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java. In: M. Yoneda, J. Soegardjito & H. Simbolon: Research and Conservation of Biodiversity in Indonesia. Vol. II. The Inventory of Natural Resources in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. A Joint Project between LIPI, PHPA and JICA, Bogor. Pp. 14-35. Stattersfield, A.J., M.J. Crosby, A.J. Long & D.C. Wege 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge. 860 pp. Sujatnika, P. Jepson, T.R. Soehartono, M.J. Crosby & A. Mardiastuti 1995. Conserving Indonesian Biodiversity: the Endemic Bird Area approach. Jakarta: PHPA/BirdLife International Indonesia Programme. 221 p. Sukmantoro, W., M. Irham, W. Novarino, F. Hasudungan, N. Kemp & M. Muchtar 2007. Daftar Burung Indonesia no. 2 (Checklist of Birds of Indonesia no.2). Indonesian Ornithologists’Union, Bogor. 157 pp. The IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Version 2016-1
70