Taxa Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Cascade Torrent Rhyacotriton X X Cold, fast-flowing, clear, Larvae take several years to Basic inventory, abundance and Maintain stream buffers to maintain Howell, B.L. and N. M. Salamander cascadae permanent headwater streams, reach sexual maturity. Small population trend. Species-specific cool water temperatures and water Maggiulli. 2011. seeps and waterfall splash clutch size (7-16 ) and long breeding habits (because of relatively clarity. Little or no sediment coating or Conservation zones in forested areas. time to hatch (up to 10 months). recent taxonomic split of torrent embedding rocky substrates. Retain Assessment for the Prefers harder substrate such Larvae have minute surface salamanders). Dispersal: Is most riparian buffers (see PARC Cascade Torrent as basalt. Gravel or small area, so very sensitive to movement by larval or adult forms? recommendations). Maintain adjacent Salamander. Version 1.0 cobble substrate with increased temperature and Information about movement between terrestrial habitat for dispersal and to 50 pp. continuous but shallow water sediment. terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Need to enhance connectivity between flow for larvae and adults understand how reproduction and age-at- habitats. Protect headwater streams. foraging and hiding. reproductive maturity varies by habitat Use results of dispersal studies to Continuous access to cold conditions. Assess and monitor effects of guide recommendations on culvert water. Requires moist adjacent riparian buffer widths with upland forest size or modification forest and micro-habitat management within this species features, such as basalt rock. distribution. Difficult to detect. Amphibian Cascades Rana SOC X X Mountain meadows, bogs, Montane species vulnerable to Habitat requirements and how they may Maintain connectivity of habitat. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/ cascadae ponds or potholes above 2,400 genetic isolation. Experiencing vary by elevation within the species' Monitor effects of fish stocking and publications/documents/p feet elevation. Clean water. substantial reductions in southern range. Habitat characteristics that could water quality on populations. Carefully sw_gtr244/psw_gtr244.pd Requires access to permanent parts of range (e.g., CA). enhance migration and gene flow. manage livestock grazing in occupied f water. Lays eggs in slow Potentially sensitive to waterborne Feeding habits. Effects of pathogens wet meadows. Use prescribed burning moving water, shallow sunny pathogens. Water availability airborne environmental pollution. or hand-felling of trees periodically to edges of ponds, or on low (changes in snow pack/melt. Feasibility studies on reintroduction at set succession. If reintroductions vegetation near ponds where Sedimentation (livestock historic sites. are warranted, use individuals from warm sunlight speeds grazing/watering). and nearby populations and consult results development. Larvae may competition by introduced fish. of feasibility studies. Conservation Amphibian Clouded Aneides X X X X Forest habitats or burned Limited range (occurs primarily in Need to develop methods to survey this Maintain patches of intact habitat http://www.ingentaconnec Salamander ferreus areas. Often found in talus, Oregon). Loss of large logs. species in a variety of habitats (logs, during management activities. Identify t.com/content/saf/fs/2002/ debris, or in large decaying talus, etc). Habitat relationships with areas of high population density and 00000048/00000002/art0 logs. forests; effects of fires on populations. leave undisturbed as 'seed' populations 0012 What factors promote movement. from which remaining habitat can be Abundance. Sensitivity to herbicides recolonized as it recovers from and other chemical contaminants. alteration. Figure out a way to keep Reproduction habits. Dispersal ability small patches and not have a huge and home range size. Longevity. area all treated at once. Maintain large Migrations, over-wintering behavior. logs during forest management Amphibian Coastal Tailed Ascaphus SOC X X X Cold, fast-flowing, clear Limited range (northwest Growth rates after . Maintainactivities. stream Provide buffers adequate to maintain riparian http://www.californiaherps Frog truei streams within forested areas. endemic). Low reproductive rate Abundance and distribution in headwater cool water temperatures and water .com/frogs/pages/a.truei. Adults need streambanks, logs, due to several-year larval stage. streams. Movement patterns and habitat clarity. Little or no sediment coating or html headwater springs, and Remains close to water source; needs. Seasonal movement patterns: is embedding rocky substrates. Use gravelly seeps for foraging and low dispersal abilities may limit most dispersal by adult or larval form? results of dispersal studies to guide hiding, and small boulders in recovery of populations. Influence of forest management recommendations on culvert size or streams for egg laying. Sedimentation. Increases in water practices, fertilizers and herbicides. modification. Tadpoles need permanent temperature. streams with moss- and sediment-free cobble and boulder substrate for clinging to rock surfaces while scraping diatoms and algae. In Coast Range, may be limited to streams with hard-rock substrate rather than sandstone.

Amphibian Columbia Spotted Rana C X X Permanent ponds, marshes Alteration of hydrology. Predation Patterns of habitat use by life stage; Identify sites with known populations Frog luteiventris and meandering streams and competition by invasive fish population trends; and how this varies by and maintain vegetation buffers. through meadows for breeding and bullfrogs. Siltation. Lowering region. Phenology (timing of breeding). Control bullfrogs and invasive fish at and foraging, especially with of water tables through down- Distribution. Impacts of invasive species. priority sites. areas of shallow water and cutting of stream channels. Impacts of grazing on habitat and emergent vegetation. Springs populations. and other sites with low, continuous water flow for overwintering. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Amphibian Columbia Torrent Rhyacotriton X X Cold mountain streams, spring Limited dispersal. Adults are Basic inventory for abundance, Maintain stream buffers to maintain Russell, K. R, T. J. Salamander kezeri heads and seeps. Require highly sensitive to drying. Larvae population trend and distribution. cool water temperatures and water Mabee, and M. B. Cole. loose gravel stream beds. sensitive to changes in stream Response to management activities at clarity. Minimize disturbance at known 2004. DISTRIBUTION Prefer basalt over softer flow. varied scales. suitable sites. AND HABITAT OF geological substrates. Specific COLUMBIA TORRENT requirements for stream SALAMANDERS AT gradients. MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES IN MANAGED FORESTS OF NORTHWESTERN OREGON. J. of Wildlife Mgmt. http://www.jstor.org/disco ver/10.2307/3803316?uid =3739960&uid=2&uid=4& uid=3739256&sid=21104 718495047

Amphibian Cope's Giant Dicamptodon X X X Cold, fast-flowing, clear, Limited range in Oregon. Rarely Distribution. Information on reproduction Maintain stream buffers to maintain http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfp Salamander copei permanent streams in or never metamorphose, so highly (, number of clutches per cool water temperatures and water nw/issssp/species- coniferous forests. Deep vulnerable to channel dewatering female per year). Habitat connectivity clarity. Little or no sediment coating or index/fauna- cobble and small boulder and barriers to stream needs. Frequency of naturally occurring embedding rocky substrates. Replace .shtml substrate for foraging and connectivity; very small gill terrestrial individuals. Factors that affect culverts as needed to remove barriers hiding. Rocky streambanks or surface area, so sensitive to populations. Effects of herbicides, in continuous, natural streambed and in-channel logs with crevices increases in temperature and fertilizers, other chemicals. Effects of streambank habitats. Restrict for eggs and larvae. Prefers sediment. non - native fish. Disease chemical applications near streams. harder substrates such as Reduce the likelihood of non-native Amphibian Del Norte SOC X X Found in closed canopy Fully terrestrial species with Distribution. Life history. Dispersal and Identify important habitat using NEWLY DISCOVERED Salamander elongatus coastal forests with mixed restricted movement range: seasonal movements. Phenology. species' habitat requirements and POPULATIONS OF hardwood/conifer. Associated Individuals stay within 7.5 square Longevity. Genetic diversity. movement patterns. Minimize SALAMANDERS FROM with moist talus and rocky meters. disturbance to talus and stream SISKIYOU COUNTY substrates; rock rubble or old substrate. Minimize disturbance at riverbeds, under bark, logs on known occupied sites. Consider REPRESENT A forest floor. Prefers mature late- movement needs SPECIES DISTINCT seral forests but does occur in FROM PLETHODON recently harvested forest areas STORMI in coastal regions. http://www.hljournals.org/ doi/abs/10.1655/03- 86?journalCode=herp

Amphibian Foothill Yellow- Rana boylii SOC X X X X Streams with coarse-substrate Range in Oregon has shrunk due Current distribution. Phenology. Maintain natural water flow patterns http://www.google.com/url legged Frog gravel bars, bedrock substrate to habitat loss from hydrologic Movement needs and habitat use. Life and streamside vegetation and protect ?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s& with potholes, and low-flow modifications for hydropower. history and longevity. Identify from other impacts at priority breeding source=web&cd=1&cad=r backwaters. Unimpounded Loss of gravel bars and low-flow overwintering (non-breeding) habitat. sites. Especially for populations in ja&uact=8&ved=0CCAQF stream systems, or systems nursery areas. May be sensitive to Feasibility studies on reintroduction at West Cascades and Willamette Valley: jAA&url=http%3A%2F%2 over a certain size, may be hydrological modification, historic sites. Use results of feasibility studies to Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fr6%2 needed to maintain long-term sedimentation, and waterborne guide specific conservation actions Fsfpnw%2Fissssp%2Fdo persistence of this species on pathogens. and management decisions for cuments%2Fplanning- the landscape. reintroductions. Maintain connectivity docs%2Fca-ha-rana- across hydrologic corridors and river boylii-2009-04- basins to support gene flow 22.doc&ei=3Ii9VN6tMtGy yATH3oLgDg&usg=AFQj CNGvN7zsCW2J2bsvJY KPWp6w4A6C0g&sig2= QQH- PLLbmsSDlstumm2ZxA& bvm=bv.83829542,d.aW w Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Amphibian Larch Mountain Plethodon SOC X Basalt talus slopes of Specialized habitat. Low dispersal Population trends. Dispersal. Survey for Avoid disturbance of talus habitats http://www.google.com/url Salamander larselli Columbia River Gorge and capability. Relatively small clutch additional locations. Evaluate response (which can cause local ); ?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s& northern Cascade Mountains. size. Pesticides or fertilizers can to silviculture and response to consider effects of potential ground- source=web&cd=1&cad=r Adapted to well-drained, gravel affect salamanders and their food recreational activities at cave sites. disturbing activities. Avoid use of ja&uact=8&ved=0CCMQ to small cobble-sized talus with supply. General life history. Effects of pesticides adjacent to talus. Manage FjAA&url=http%3A%2F% a significant component of fine chemicals, disease. lands adjacent to know sites with 2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fr6% litter and debris. Moist species in mind as these areas may be 2Fsfpnw%2Fissssp%2Fd microclimates; may occur in important dispersal or foraging areas. ocuments%2Fplanning- late-successional forest Connect known populations. docs%2Fca-ha-plethodon- especially with gravel or larselli-2008-10- fractured rock in the soil. 28.doc&ei=aYm9VNqqNo- 0yATx_YLIBQ&usg=AFQ jCNHEr8OpcYUss2wVqdI nIHxQjjm6jg&sig2=7ZOZ 23nbl_XFhQ9Nuq0odA&b vm=bv.83829542,d.aWw

Amphibian Northern Red- Rana aurora SOC X X X X Ponds and wetlands with Loss of egg-laying habitat. Identify overwintering habitat. Clarify Revising hydroperiod requirements for legged Frog shallow areas and emergent Predation and competition by impacts of pollutants and parasites on mitigation and other created wetlands . Access to forested invasive fish and bullfrogs. populations. Identify habitat use and in areas occupied by this species habitats (forested wetland, Habitat fragmentation by roads, phenology of same by habitat type, would help prevent population sinks upland). Forested habitats with suburban development (all especially with respect to understanding that cause local extirpation. Creating exposed (sunny), still-water populations), other uses relationship to hydrology and how upland buffer and aquatic habitat breeding sites. Breeding inhospitable to . Alteration of various impacts affect populations. retention requirements for housing habitat can be seasonal or hydrology (populations in riparian Identify seasonally important habitat developments would help prevent permanent, but must be ≥ 5 and floodplain areas, as well as components. 2) Baseline data: identify many local extirpations in the months in duration. adjacent to suburban and what is 'appropriate' carrying capacity for Willamette Valley. Identify regionally industrial development). Although an area (i.e., what is a 'good' population important areas for this species and loss of egg-laying habitat is widely for a given type of habitat). Reference maintain connectivity between habitat cited, loss of active-season sites in various types of habitat can help types. Maintain wetland habitat with habitat is probably more severe with identifying regional trends, emergent plants. Maintain adjacent than oviposition habitat, and more especially if they receive long-term forested habitats. Barriers and/or directly impacts populations. monitoring. 3) Life history: there is culverts at key road crossings would minimal life history data for this species, greatly reduce mortality of this species which is important given its conservation and help preserve many lowland status. 4) Restoration efforts: how does (Willamette Valley and Coast) the species respond to restoration? What populations. Control bullfrogs and should be expected in a given situation? invasive fish at key sites. Determine what type of 'buffer zone' is required beyond simply retaining connectivity between habitat types.

Amphibian Oregon Slender Batrachoseps SOC X X Late successional and second- Endemic to Cascade Mountains of Habitat requirements. Longevity. Effects Maintain habitat with late successional http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfp salamander wrighti growth forest where there are Oregon. Restricted distribution; of habitat fragmentation on genetics. attributes suitable for this species. nw/issssp/planning- abundant mid to advanced vulnerable to random events. Assess and monitor effects of riparian documents/assessments. decay stage, large diameter Columbia River limits dispersal. buffer widths with upland forest shtml Douglas fir logs and bark Require habitat complexity management within this species debris mounds at the base of characteristic of late successional distribution. snags. Talus and lava fields and unmanaged younger forests. that retain moisture. Also uses High site fidelity for reproduction. mixed coniferous and deciduous duff over mineral and organic soils, often found along margins of little used roads (likely due to runoff patterns and substrate type). Can clump together in groups to remain damp. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Amphibian Oregon Spotted Rana pretiosa T X DG X Permanent ponds, marshes High fidelity to egg-laying sites. Factors that impact population trends. Identify known populations. Improve USFWS has lots of listing Frog and meandering streams Predation and competition by Impacts of invasive fish and bullfrogs. hydrology to benefit overwintering and documents at: through meadows for breeding invasive fish and bullfrogs. Feasibility studies on reintroduction at larval habitat. Maintain vegetation http://ecos.fws.gov/specie and foraging, especially with Siltation. Some populations are historic sites. buffers around known populations; sProfile/profile/speciesPr shallow water and a bottom isolated and vulnerable to control bullfrogs and invasive fish at ofile.action?spcode=D02 layer of dead and decaying inbreeding and . priority sites. Carefully manage A vegetation. Springs and other Livestock grazing removes cover livestock grazing at occupied montane sites with low, continuous water along stream edges and allows wet meadows. Use results of feasibility flow for overwintering. sediment and excessive aquatic studies to guide specific conservation vegetation to decrease habitat actions and management decisions for Amphibian Rocky Mountain Ascaphus SOC X Stream breeding. Prefer clear, Low reproductive rate (multi-year Methods for detectability and Identify, protect, and provide http://www.google.com/url Tailed Frog montanus cold habitat with cobbles and larval development; small number distinguishing from A. truei during site connections among key habitat areas. ?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s& boulders for larvae, which are of eggs per female). surveys. Status and trend information. Modify activities to provide continual source=web&cd=1&cad=r adapted to cling to rocks and Sedimentation of streams from Population dynamics. Distribution, riparian cover and minimize ja&uact=8&ved=0CCUQF scrape diatoms. Adults forage roads or forest practices; reliance upon upland habitats, life sedimentation; maintain shade for jAA&url=http%3A%2F%2 for insects at night. increased temperatures due to history, habitat associations. Juvenile cooler temperatures. Maintain the Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fr6%2 degraded riparian habitat. movement patterns. Effects of livestock integrity of stream substrates and Fsfpnw%2Fissssp%2Fdo grazing. Influence of predation by microclimates at occupied sites. cuments%2Fplanning- nonnative fish. Provide riparian buffers. Reduce docs%2Fca-ha-ascaphus- stream substrate disturbance. Maintain montanus-2011- upland canopy retention. Restrict 08.docx&ei=TIm9VOvXH Amphibian Siskiyou Mountain Plethodon SOC X Restricted range to forests in Lungless salamanders breathe Distribution. Biology: Life history, High priority for conservation because https://www.google.com/u Salamander stormi Applegate drainage. Require directly through skin so highly phenology (timing), habitat use. of close dependence on forest rl?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s talus deposits or rock outcrops; vulnerable to moisture loss. Population trends. Dispersal. Effects of characteristics, but occur outside &source=web&cd=3&cad cool, moist micro-habitats. Highly sensitive to disturbance of prescribed fire. existing reserve system. Within known =rja&uact=8&ved=0CDQ talus microhabitat or forest range, ensure that land use practices QFjAC&url=https%3A%2 overstory. retain essential characteristics of talus F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2For microhabitat. Consider seasonal egonfwo%2FToolsForLan activity patterns, and schedule surface downers%2FHabitatCons activities when species is not active ervationPlans%2FConsv (Oct 1 – May 30). Agreements%2FSiskiyou MtSalamader_CA_2007. PDF&ei=FYq9VP- JJsm3yATqr4DQAw&usg =AFQjCNGfLVkZELrWsg Hp2peCYkmWcAa_5A&s ig2=WhgpSaLesGyaATy 6pPl_AQ

Amphibian Southern Torrent Rhyacotriton SOC X X X Cold mountain streams, spring Limited dispersal. Adults are Distribution. Response to management Maintain stream buffers to maintain Salamander variegatus heads and seeps. Require highly sensitive to drying. Larvae activities at varied scales. cool water temperatures and water loose gravel stream beds with sensitive to changes in stream clarity. Minimize disturbance, such as specific geologic flow. siltation, at known suitable sites. characteristics. Specific Provide habitat connectivity among requirements for stream populations. gradients. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Amphibian Western Toad Anaxyrus X X X X X X DG Wetlands, ponds and lakes for Loss of breeding habitat due to Status and distribution. Habitat use Maintain water levels and vegetation http://www.google.com/url boreas breeding. Extensive, sunny changes in water level patterns and requirements. Factors that buffers at major breeding sites. Install ?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s& shallows with short, sparse or management. Siltation. Roadkill contribute to population declines. Factors culverts or drift fences at problem road source=web&cd=3&cad=r no vegetation for egg laying adjacent to major breeding sites. that enable toads to colonize new areas. crossings near major breeding sites. ja&uact=8&ved=0CC0QF and for tadpole schools to Recreational impacts at certain Use of habitat types by different life Inform recreationalists about the jAC&url=http%3A%2F%2 move widely as they forage on sites. history stages. More reliable survey importance of minimizing shoreline Fwww.blm.gov%2Fstyle organic mud and surface methods for detection of this species. impacts. Periodic control of vegetation %2Fmedialib%2Fblm%2 diatoms. Distribution and in Coast Range and height and density at occupied sites Fwy%2Fwildlife%2Fanim Willamette Valley. where these factors could interfere with al- breeding. Use distribution information assessmnts.Par.84521.Fil when considering new developments, e.dat%2FBorealToad.pdf especially considering mid or low &ei=fYq9VIWmFJX_yQS elevation toad populations. p4oKAAw&usg=AFQjCN GjR_RAswkZ0E8LUCYq_ ZDWdlxW9Q&sig2=UPQ 3_0_3Fza9o4t_d6ppEQ

Reptile California Lampropeltis SOC X X X X X Rely on oak and pine Limited distribution of suitable Habitat use, distribution, life history, Habitat restoration and protection. Hollingsworth, B. & Mountain zonata woodlands that continue to be habitat. population density, population dynamics. Vulnerable to vegetative succession: Hammerson, G.A. 2007. Kingsnake converted, developed and Need to better understand dispersal Identify areas where species are Lampropeltis zonata. The fragmented. Exact habitat ability and microhabitat needs. Difficult present and conduct appropriate IUCN Red List of requirements vary by region to survey this secretive species. habitat management. Threatened Species. and include exposure, Version 2014.2. Reptile Northern Sceloporus SOC X Steppe habitats with sandy Habitat loss and fragmentation. Distribution information. Life history. Use distribution survey results to guide Sagebrush graciosus soils and sparse vegetation in Estimated population size and trends. management actions. Maintain habitat graciosus the grass/forb layer. Habitat use. Effects of fragmented patches; restore habitat connectivity habitat on populations. Dispersal where possible. capabilities. Reptile Western Pond Actinemys Under X X X X X X Marshes, streams, rivers, Life history traits make this Population dynamics and population Identify core populations. Use Conservation Turtle marmorata Review ponds, and lakes. Sparsely- species vulnerable to habitat loss genetics. Basic life history information. distribution data to establish areas for Assessment of the vegetated ground nearby for and alteration of potential nesting Impacts of raccoons and invasive management protection. Protect Western Pond Turtle: digging nests. Moist, shrubby sites (e.g., conversion, invasive species (turtles, fish and bullfrogs). adjacent upland habitat. Provide http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfp or forested areas for plants). Road mortality. Predation Effects of herbicides, fertilizers, other basking structures and nesting nw/issssp/documents/pla aestivation and over-wintering. by raccoons, fish and bullfrogs. chemicals on eggs and hatchlings. habitats. Control invasive plants and nning-docs/ca-hr- Basking structures such as Competition with invasive turtles. Hatchling . . Protect important nesting actinemys-marmorata- logs; need opportunities for sites from disturbance. Implement 2009-11.pdf sun. Safe movement corridors. ODFW's Turtle BMPs. Prevent illegal Reptile Western Painted Chrysemys X X X X X X Marshy ponds, small lakes, Loss of aquatic and nesting Life history information: Growth rate, age Provide basking structures and nesting http://www.oregonwildlife. Turtle picta belli slow-moving streams and quiet habitats (conversion, invasive at first reproduction. Impacts from habitats. Control invasive plants and org/wp- off-channel portions of rivers; species). Road mortality. disease introduced and/or spread by non- animals. Protect important nesting content/uploads/2012/06/ prefer muddy bottoms with Predation by bullfrogs, fish, and native turtles. Population dynamics and sites from disturbance. Use wire cages Western-Painted-Turtle- aquatic vegetation; open, raccoons. Competition with population genetics. Impacts of raccoons to protect nests from raccoons at key Conservation- sparsely vegetated sunny invasive turtles. Threats from and invasive species (turtles, fish and sites in the short-term where this is a Assessment-in-Oregon- ground for nesting. Need sunny disturbance and degradation of off- bullfrogs). Effects of herbicides, problem. Implement ODFW's Turtle Vers-1_1-sept20092.pdf logs/vegetation for basking. channel habitat. Habitat fertilizers, other chemicals on eggs and BMPs. Prevent illegal collection. Need safe movement corridors fragmentation. Human hatchlings in nest chamber. Hatchling Prevent release of turtles. Reduce between aquatic and upland disturbance. ecology. risk of road mortality. Reptile Western Crotalus X X Dry areas with low or sparse Habitat loss; lack of exposed Locations of remnant western rattlesnake Maintain or restore low grassland Rattlesnake oreganus vegetation. Rocky areas for bedrock. Eradication efforts populations and hibernacula. Phenology habitat near rocky areas, minimize basking, refuge den sites and and habitat requirements disturbance at key den and Bird Acorn Melanerpes SOC X X Oakhibernacula woodlands with a high Loss of oak woodlands in Nesting ecology, especially nest site Workhibernacula with private sites. landowners to Land Manager's Guide to Woodpecker formicivorus canopy and relatively open Willamette Valley. Small, requirements. maintain and restore oak woodlands Bird Habitat and understory. Dead limbs or localized populations. with open understories, especially Populations in Oak snags for storing acorns. Competition for nesting cavities large patches. Maintain snags and Ecosystems of the Pacific from European starlings. older trees with dead limbs. Northwest. http://www.abcbirds.org/n ewsandreports/special_re ports/QuercusGuidePart1 .pdf Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird American Falco Delisted X Rock cliffs or manmade Eggshell thinning caused by Relationship between wintering locations The federal monitoring plan provides USFWS Monitoring Plan Peregrine Falcon peregrinus structures for nest sites. Uses organochlorine pesticides (e.g., of Oregon breeders and contaminant information on management and for the American anatum offshore rocks and islands in residual DDT in the environment). levels. conservation actions for this formerly Peregrine Falcon. Coast Range ecoregion. Human disturbance (from federally-listed species. Protect nest- https://www.fws.gov/enda recreational or other activities) at sites from disturbance. Regulations are ngered/esa- nests. Reduction of prey in place for allowing the limited taking library/pdf/Peregrineplan2 populations. Poaching. of peregrine falcons for falconry 003.pdf (regulated through Oregon Administrative Rules 635-055); annual sampling is needed to support authorized take.

Bird American Three- Picoides X X Forested habitats usually Small, often disjunct populations. Population size and trends. Habitat Maintain areas of high snag density American Three-toed toed Woodpecker dorsalis above 5,000 feet. Dead trees Specific habitat requirements. relationships. Nesting ecology. especially above 5,000 feet where Woodpecker (Picoides with heartrot for nesting and Reductions in snag availability compatible with other forest objectives dorsalis): A Technical high densities of wood-boring due to fire suppression and forest (e.g ., maintain bark infested Conservation for foraging. Often health management. trees in areas of low risk of insect Assessment associated with large-scale infestation into adjacent forests). http://www.fs.usda.gov/Int forest disturbances that ernet/FSE_DOCUMENTS produce a high density of /stelprdb5182071.pdf snags (e.g ., forest fires, disease pockets and bark beetle outbreaks).

Bird American White Pelecanus X X Isolated and sparsely Specialized nesting and foraging Identification of landscape-level breeding Minimize human disturbance in nesting Pacific Flyway American Pelican erythrorhynch vegetated terrestrial nesting habitat subject to droughts, floods, and post-breeding habitat needs for areas during breeding season and in White Pelican Monitoring os habitat associated with rivers, and manipulated water levels. responding to annual site-specific shallow feeding areas. Where Strategy lakes and freshwater marshes. Sensitive to human disturbance changes in water levels. appropriate, manage water levels to http://pacificflyway.gov/D Shallow water areas for and mammalian predators at nest provide suitable foraging and nesting ocuments/Awp_strategy.p cooperative feeding. sites. Small, disjunct populations. habitat. df

Bird Black Brant Branta X X Wintering birds need eelgrass Small and declining wintering Impact of human disturbance on Maintain existing eelgrass beds by Pacific Flyway bernicla and sea beds for population. Loss and degradation foraging. Wintering ecology. Effects of reducing human caused degradation. Management Plan for nigricans foraging in areas with limited of eelgrass beds. High habitat quality at spring staging sites on Restore eelgrass beds to enhance Pacific Brant. human disturbance. Estuaries vulnerability to oil spills. reproductive fitness and success. quality and quantity. http://pacificflyway.gov/D with eelgrass are the primary Historic and current abundance of ocuments/Pb_plan.pdf habitat in Oregon. submerged aquatic vegetation in Oregon’s primary estuaries. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Black Haematopus SOC X Rocky coastal habitats with Small breeding population. Breeding/wintering population size. Limit disturbance in nesting and Black Oystercatcher Oystercatcher bachmani sufficient intertidal invertebrate Suitable habitat that remains Impacts of (e.g., sea foraging areas. Take precautions to (Haematopus bachmani) prey and minimal disturbance relatively disturbance-free during level rise) on breeding habitat. protect against oil spills. Conservation Action or ground predators. the nesting period. Successful Connectivity of Oregon population to Plan. nesting in Oregon may be limited regional population. http://www.fws.gov/migrat to islands where ground predators, orybirds/currentbirdissues egg depredation and disturbance /management/focalspecie are limited or absent. Highly s/plans/bloy.pdf susceptible to oil spills that affect nesting and foraging habitat.

Bird Black Swift Cypseloides X Nests are associated with Small and disjunct populations. Survey potential sites to determine Avoid disturbance around waterfall Black Swift (Cypseloides niger borealis waterfalls that have limited Discrete and unique nesting nesting sites. nesting locations and minimize niger): A Technical light, and crevices and ledges habitat. disturbance to forested habitat around Conservation for nest sites. Forage over sites. Maintain water flow at occupied Assessment. large areas and at high sites. Improve detection methods. http://www.fs.usda.gov/Int elevations. ernet/FSE_DOCUMENTS /stelprdb5182062.pdf

Bird Black-backed Picoides X X Forested habitats usually Small, often disjunct populations. Population size and trends. Habitat Maintain areas of high snag density in Conservation Strategy for Woodpecker arcticus above 5,000 feet. Dead trees Specific habitat requirements. relationships. Nesting ecology wildfire and other disturbance areas, Landbirds of the East- with heartrot for nesting and Reductions in snag availability especially above 5,000 feet, where Slope of the Cascade high densities of wood-boring due to fire suppression and forest compatible with other forest objectives Mountains in Oregon and beetles for foraging. Often health management. (e.g., maintain bark beetle infested . associated with large-scale trees in areas of low risk of insect http://www.orwapif.org/sit forest disturbances that infestation into adjacent forests). es/default/files/east_slope produce a high density of .pdf snags (e.g., forest fires, disease pockets and bark beetle outbreaks).

Bird Black-necked Stilt Himantopus X Alkali and freshwater ponds Very specific nesting habitat on Identification of landscape-level breeding Maintain suitable nesting and foraging Northern Pacific Coast mexicanus and lakes with extensive large the edge of lakes or shallow and post-breeding habitat needs for areas across the landscape to provide Regional Shorebird shallow areas free of inland wetlands often with responding to annual site-specific sufficient habitat regardless of annual Management Plan. disturbance for foraging. emergent vegetation. Nesting changes in water levels. Nest predation variation in precipitation and water http://www.shorebirdplan. areas can be vulnerable to sources. Implications of climate change. levels. Manage for pollution concerns org/regional-shorebird- drought and flood conditions, including organochlorine pesticides, conservation-plans/ leading to abandonment. Colonial selenium and mercury. nester, so vulnerable to disturbance. Moves in response to water levels.

Bird Bobolink Dolichonyx X X Broad leaf forbs (e.g., clover, Population declines. Small, Population size and trends. Possible Partnerships with private landowners Conservation Strategy for oryzivorus alfalfa, false lupine, potentilla) scattered, colonial populations, impact of cowbird parasitism and corvid to manage habitat. Remove residual Landbirds in the for nesting cover and insect many on private land. Sensitivity predation on small populations. vegetation and stimulate new growth Columbia Plateau of resources. to flooding and some agricultural prior to breeding season. Delay field Eastern Oregon and practices. maintenance (e.g., mowing, haying) Washington. until after the breeding season. http://www.orwapif.org/sit es/default/files/columbia_ basin.pdf Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Brewer's Sparrow Spizella X Sagebrush shrubland with Reduction and fragmentation of . Distribution of subspecies in Maintain suitable shrub habitats for Conservation Strategy for breweri canopy height less than 5 feet. suitable nesting habitat. Oregon. breeding. Maintain connectivity among Landbirds in the breweri Often associated with big Cheatgrass invasion. habitat patches. Columbia Plateau of sagebrush, also utilizes a Eastern Oregon and variety of shrub habitats. Nests Washington. in thick crowns or low in brush, http://www.orwapif.org/sit or in clumps of grass. es/default/files/columbia_ basin.pdf

Bird California Brown Pelecanus Delisted E X Nearshore pelagic and Forage fish availability. High Effects of human disturbance. Extent of Ensure disturbance is minimized on Draft post-delisting Pelican occidentalis estuarine habitat for foraging. potential risk to oil spills. nesting in Oregon. Impacts of marine roosting and nesting islands in the monitoring plan for the californicus Offshore rocks and islands, renewable energy development. Impacts Lower Columbia River Estuary and Brown Pelican inaccessible headland areas, of entanglement in fishing gear. along the Oregon coast. (Peclicanus occidentalis). sandy islands, and sand spits http://www.fws.gov/wafwo for roosting and nesting. /pdf/Draft_Brown_Pelican _Post_Delisting_Monitori ng.pdf

Bird Caspian Tern Hydroprogne X X X X Unvegetated nesting islands Requires long-term availability of Predation levels on various runs of The USFWS Status Assessment and Caspian Tern caspia free of mammalian predators. suitable nesting sites. Colonial- salmonids. Predation levels on fish Conservation Recommendations Plan Management to Reduce nesting is vulnerable to random, species of concern in interior Oregon. provides information on appropriate Predation of Juvenile human-induced or natural events. conservation actions for this species. Salmonids in the Protection of breeding colonies from Columbia River Estuary, human disturbance. Final Environmental Impact Statement http://www.fws.gov/pacific /migratorybirds/pdf/Caspi an_Tern_Final_EIS.pdf

Bird Chipping Sparrow Spizella X Open areas of herbaceous Declining populations. Loss and Effects of cowbird parasitism on Maintain areas of open herbaceous The Willamette Valley passerina understory for foraging in oak degradation of oak woodland productivity. Effects of feral cats in native plant understory in oak Landowner's Guide to woodlands. habitats due to development, loss residential nesting areas. Management woodlands. Control key invasive Creating Habitat for of natural fire regimes and practices in agricultural areas (e.g., plants. Grassland Birds. invasive plant encroachment in orchards). http://www.dfw.state.or.us the understory. Known nest /conservationstrategy/doc predators include snakes, s/grassland_bird_habitat/ American Crow (Corvus Grasslands.pdf brachyrhynchos), and domestic cat (Felis catus).

Bird Columbian Sharp- Tympanuchus SOC X Bunchgrass prairies Historically, habitat loss from Determine additional candidate sites for Monitor leks and wintering areas. Work Oregon Department of tailed Grouse phasianellus interspersed with stream conversion of bunchgrass prairie restoration and reintroduction. Determine with landowners to improve habitat and Fish and Wildlife. Re- columbianus bottoms containing deciduous to cropland (pre 1915). Small, habitat suitability for Oregon sites. minimize impacts of grazing. Manage introducing Columbia (subspecies is shrubs and trees. declining, reintroduced population Address limiting factors to stabilize or and protect large expanses of suitable sharp-tailed grouse not found in north of Enterprise limited by increase reintroduced population. habitat, establish connectivity between webpage. Available at: Clements drought, fire, fence strikes, occupied and candidate sites. http://www.dfw.state.or.us checklist) predation, and availability of /resources/hunting/upland winter habitat. _bird/projects/sharp_taile d_grouse.asp Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Common Chordeiles X X X Gravel bars and other sparsely Loss of nesting habitat, increased Inventory of gravel bars along large Maintain sparsely vegetated grassland The Willamette Valley Nighthawk minor vegetated grasslands for predation by corvids, gulls and rivers for nesting birds. patches. Restore natural distubance Landowner's Guide to nesting; aerial insectivore prey house cats; reduction in prey base regimes. Restore riparian and wetland Creating Habitat for base for foraging. (aerial insects). Changes in habitats for insect prey base. Grassland Birds. hydrology due to hydropower http://www.dfw.state.or.us . Wildfire suppression. /conservationstrategy/doc s/grassland_bird_habitat/ Grasslands.pdf

Bird Dusky Canada Branta X Adequate food resources (high Decline in this species is primarily Effects of habitat loss on movements Information on conservation strategies Pacific Flyway Goose canadensis quality, high protein due to poor reproduction in its and use of private lands. is available in the Pacific Flyway Management Plan for the occidentalis herbaceous plants) in sufficient breeding range in Alaska. Management Plan and Conservation Dusky Canada Goose. spatial and temporal Currently, wintering habitat in Assessment for the Dusky Canada http://pacificflyway.gov/D distribution to sustain migratory Oregon is being lost due to Goose (USFWS). ocuments/Dcg_plan.pdf and wintering populations. conversions from agricultural pastures and grass seed crops to other uses (other crops, urban development, etc.). Use of private lands limits management options.

Bird Ferruginous Hawk regalis SOC X X X Open grassy areas and shrub- Populations fluctuate based on Relationships with prey species, Provide diverse herbaceous and low Washington State steppe with scattered shrubs or prey availability. Sensitive to especially in agricultural landscapes. shrub vegetation to support prey Recovery Plan for the trees for perching and nesting. human disturbance during the Impacts of wind energy development. populations (e.g., jackrabbits and Ferruginous Hawk. Suitable nest sites in scattered nesting season. Loss of mature ground squirrels). Maintain known and http://wdfw.wa.gov/public juniper trees, cottonwood trees juniper trees in suitable nesting potential nestsite trees (e.g., mature ations/01336/ near small streams, or on areas. Conversion of juniper juniper). Minimize human disturbance rocky sites with an expansive savannah to juniper woodland in (including rodent control and chemical view. Also nests on rimrock or some areas due to fire applications) within 0.6 miles of active undisturbed ground. Large area suppression. nest sites from March 5 – June 15. requirements. Vulnerable to Work cooperatively with agricultural human presence and landowners to maintain average field disturbance. size of <40 acres and >25% of nesting areas in natural vegetation at priority sites.

Bird Flammulated Owl Psiloscops X X X X Mid-elevation forests (3,880- Habitat degradation by Complete inventory for occurrence and Retain or enhance management Conservation Strategy for flammeolus 4,600 feet) with no understory. encroaching trees and shrubs distribution. Impact of forest practices to enhance mature forest Landbirds of the East- Small patches of dense often as a result of fire management practices on habitat conditions. Promote snag retention. Slope of the Cascade thickets for roosting. Open suppression. Loss of ponderosa suitability for the species. Basic nesting Minimize insect control around forest Mountains in Oregon and patches of grassland/meadow pine trees and snags. Limited ecology. openings near nesting areas. Use and Washington. to forage on insects. Medium snag and cavity availability. Insect monitor nest-boxes in areas of http://www.orwapif.org/sit to large snags or deformed control reducing prey availability. deficient snags. es/default/files/east_slope trees with existing woodpecker Low reproductive rate. .pdf holes/cavities for nesting. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Fork-tailed Storm- Oceanodroma X Coastal islands with deep Small population. Vulnerable to Population is not well documented. Maintain existing closure of nesting Regional Seabird Petrel furcata sandy soil for burrowing amid predation from non-native and Information on breeding biology and areas to human visitation. Continue Conservation Plan, ground cover vegetation. artificially abundant native foraging areas. Impacts of light attraction implementing mammalian predator Pacific Region. predators. Vulnerable to ingestion at onshore and offshore energy facilities control at Oregon seabird colonies. http://www.fws.gov/Pacifi of plastic and oil due to surface or other developments. Improve survey methods. Advocate c/migratorybirds/PDF/Sea foraging behavior. ocean and coastal development bird%20Conservation%2 projects to monitor and minimize 0Plan%20Complete.pdf impacts.

Bird Franklin's Gull Leucophaeus X Relatively large marsh habitat Small, disjunct breeding Factors influencing dependence on Minimize human disturbance in nesting Waterbird Conservation pipixcan with both emergent vegetation population. Specialized nesting upland foraging versus marsh foraging areas during the breeding season and for the Americas. for nesting and deep water to habitat. Sensitivity to nesting (e.g., marsh size, characteristics). in shallow feeding areas. Where http://iwjv.org/resource/no ensure foraging habitat through disturbance and fluctuating water Landscape-level breeding and post- appropriate, manage water levels to rth-american-waterbird- breeding season and to levels. breeding habitat needs for responding to provide suitable foraging and nesting conservation-plan prevent access to nests by annual site-specific changes in water habitat. predators. levels.

Bird Ammodramus X X X Dry grassland habitat with low Small, disjunct populations. Loss Complete population inventory and Maintain or restore grassland habitat. The Willamette Valley Sparrow savannarum to moderate grass height and of grassland habitats due to habitat evaluation. Effects of habitat Increase plant diversity for greater Landowner's Guide to perpallidus low percent shrub cover. Large habitat conversion and shrub/tree patch size on abundance and insect diversity. Maintain high percent Creating Habitat for habitat area requirements. encroachment. Nesting failure due productivity. Effectiveness of planting native grass cover and <10% shrub Grassland Birds. to timing of land use practices mixtures to favor this species. Impact of cover in patches > 20 acres. Delay http://www.dfw.state.or.us (e.g., mowing, haying, spraying). grazing and agricultural management on mowing and other field management /conservationstrategy/doc productivity. until after July 15 at known nesting s/grassland_bird_habitat/ areas. Control key invasive plants. Grasslands.pdf

Bird Great Gray Owl Strix nebulosa X X X X Late-successional forests for Requires large forested areas with Value of harvested forest clearings Maintain late-successional forests with Survey Protocol for the nesting with grassy openings montane grassland clearings. acting as foraging habitat. Effects of natural open meadow areas. Use of Great Gray Owl within the for foraging. Large diameter Affected by reductions in this type rodent control. prescribed fire when practicable to Range of the Northwest snags or large-branch of habitat mosaic. maintain habitat. Thinning or removal Forest Plan. structures for nesting. of trees that encroach meadows. http://www.blm.gov/or/pla Protect known nest sites from logging. ns/surveyandmanage/file This species readily accepts artificial s/06- platforms even when previously great_grey_owl_v3_enclo utilized natural nest sites are available. sed.pdf Modified forest management can enhance habitat by opening up dense forest stands. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Greater Sage- Centrocercus C X X Requires large areas of Population declines and local See detailed presentation in Greater See detailed presentation in Greater See Grouse urophasianus contiguous sagebrush habitat extirpations. Disjunct populations. Sage-Grouse Conservation Assessment Sage-Grouse Conservation http://www.dfw.state.or.us including a mosaic of Habitat loss and fragmentation. and Conservation Strategy for Oregon Assessment and Conservation /wildlife/sagegrouse/. conditions. Wet meadows and Juniper expansion into sagebrush. Strategy for Oregon Also, playas during brood rearing, Impact of increased fire frequency http://www.blm.gov/or/en especially areas with native and intensity on sagebrush due to ergy/opportunity/sagebrus forbs. invasive annual plants. h.php and Dependence on specific http://orsolutions.org/ospr conditions for suitable lek sites. oject/sagecon. Human disturbance at lek sites.

Bird Greater Sandhill Grus X X X Relatively large wetland- Large area requirements. Habitat area requirements relative to the Maintain and/or enhance hydrological Greater Sandhill Crane Crane canadensis wet/dry meadow complexes Sensitive to disturbance. quality of the habitat. Difference in food conditions to support suitable habitat Habitat Initiative: Meeting tabida with a mosaic of aquatic and Reductions in wetland/wet resource utilization in wet and dry conditions for nesting and foraging in the Information Needs for herbaceous conditions for meadow quality, quantity, and meadows and at different breeding sites. tracts >20 acres. Where hydrology can a Landscape nesting and foraging. size due to hydrological changes, Effects of pesticides on food resources. be managed, include both wet and dry Conservation Strategy. succession (shrub and conifer Impact of livestock grazing on habitat meadow habitat through the nesting http://iwjv.org/sites/defaul encroachment), and/or livestock suitability. Impact of nest predation season. Minimize disturbance during t/files/iwjv_grt_sandhill_cr grazing. Impacts of agricultural under different habitat conditions. breeding season (4/15 – 7/31) at ane_habitat_initiative_0.p practices (e.g., mowing, Impacts from disturbance due to known nesting areas. Use prescribed df unmanaged grazing) on nesting. recreational use (e.g., OHVs). burning or hand-felling of trees Coyote predation on young. periodically to set back plant Common Raven (Corvus corax) succession. predation on eggs.

Harlequin Duck Histrionicus SOC X X Breeds along moderately sized Narrow breeding habitat Estimated population size. More Minimize disturbance in breeding Final Report on 2012 and histrionicus mountain streams with boulder requirements, high breeding site extensive data on breeding locations in areas. 2013 ISSSP Harlequin substrate. Nests along stream fidelity, low reproductive rates, the Coast Range. Winter surveys along Duck Monitoring in the or islands in streams in well and delayed reproduction. coast. Oregon Cascades, concealed areas. Forages on Wintering coastal birds subject to Willamette and Mt. Hood benthic macro invertebrates in disturbance, including pollution National Forests and fast flowing clear water with and oil exposure from oil spills. Salem and Eugene rocky bottom. Molts and Bureau of Land winters in nearshore areas Management Districts. along the coast. http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfp nw/issssp/documents3/in v-rpt-bi-histrionicus- histrionicus-multi-units- 2013.pdf

Juniper Titmouse Baeolophus X Mature juniper trees with Small, disjunct populations. Distribution and estimated population Maintain large stands of mature juniper Sharing the Land with ridgwayi cavities for nesting. Expansive Reduction and fragmentation of size and status. Habitat patch size within the species' range. Maintain Pinyon-Juniper Birds. areas of mature juniper habitat, stands of mature juniper trees requirements for a population, especially mature juniper trees when thinning http://www.partnersinflight especially in winter. from development, wildfire, or in winter. encroaching small juniper trees. .org/pubs/PJ%20manual juniper management. %20Nov%2008%20low- res.pdf Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Leach's Storm- Oceanodroma X Coastal islands with deep Specialized nesting habitat. Breeding biology. Important foraging Maintain existing closure of nesting Regional Seabird Petrel leucorhoa sandy soil for burrowing and Vulnerable to predation from non- areas. Impacts of light attraction at areas to human visitation; continue Conservation Plan, leucorhoa cover of grass (e.g., Phalaris native and artificially abundant onshore and offshore energy facilities or implementing mammalian predator Pacific Region. and Elymus and forb species. native predators. Vulnerable to other developments. control at Oregon seabird colonies. http://www.fws.gov/Pacifi ingestion of plastic and oil due to Improve survey methods. Advocate c/migratorybirds/PDF/Sea surface foraging behavior. ocean energy development projects to bird%20Conservation%2 monitor and minimize impacts. 0Plan%20Complete.pdf

Bird Lewis’s Melanerpes SOC X X X X X DG This species has 5 major Population declines and local Thorough inventory of distribution and Maintain or restore open oak, Lewis's Woodpecker Woodpecker lewis habitat types: ponderosa pine, extirpations. Habitat loss and analysis of habitat relationships. Impact ponderosa pine, and cottonwood (Melanerpes lewis): A oak woodlands, oak-pine degradation. Loss of old of grazing on insect productivity in woodlands along with post-fire Technical Conservation woodlands, cottonwood cottonwood snags. Competition undergrowth. Distribution in the ponderosa pine habitats. Use Assessment. riparian forests, and areas from European Starlings (Sturnus Willamette Valley nestboxes to provide habitat in known http://www.fs.usda.gov/Int burned by wildfires. In all vulgaris ) for nest cavities. Large nesting areas. ernet/FSE_DOCUMENTS cases, special needs include areas of suitable habitat exist on /stelprdb5182072.pdf aerial insect populations for private lands, limiting foraging, large snags for management actions. nesting (especially soft or well- decayed snags), and relatively open canopy for flycatching.

Bird Loggerhead Lanius X X Tall sagebrush for nesting and Habitat loss. Population declines. Post-fledging survivorship as a function Maintain late seral sagebrush with Loggerhead Shrike Status Shrike ludovicianus roosting. Openings with Loss of sagebrush to high of habitat quality. Impacts of pesticide patches of tall shrubs. Assessment. grasses and significant bare intensity wildfires. use on prey base, especially http://www.fws.gov/Midwe ground for foraging. . st/es/soc/birds/LOSH/LO SHSA_entire.pdf

Bird Long-billed Numenius X X X X Open habitats with relatively Loss of breeding habitat. Data on nesting success. Identification of Partnerships with private landowners Status assessment and Curlew americanus short grass and few or no Conversion of grassland and key areas for the conservation of the to maintain and restore large patches conservation action plan trees/shrubs. In Northern Basin agricultural land to other species. Demonstration of the role of of short grass habitat, including for the Long-billed Curlew and Range ecoregion, much of croplands. Human disturbance ranching on habitat management for the ranching operations. Minimize human (Numenius americanus). the suitable habitat is during the nesting period. species. disturbance during Mar 15 - July 1 at http://www.fws.gov/mount comprised of sub-irrigated known nesting areas. Increase water ain- meadows created by adjoining availability during key brood rearing prairie/species/birds/long flood irrigated meadows. periods through development of billed_curlew/BTP-LB- impoundments, securing water rights Curlew-rev-9-14-09.pdf on public and private lands, and the development of incentives for private land managers to use more compatible water management practices when practicable. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Marbled Murrelet Brachyramph T T X X X Late-successional forest with Reductions and modifications in Effectiveness of protected forested Continue marine (at-sea) surveys to Marbled Murrelet us specific nest tree late-successional forests. Low nesting areas to species’ recovery; detect population changes in Oregon. (Brachyramphus marmoratus characteristics. reproductive output combined with identify gaps and shortfalls. Knowledge Continue inland surveys to detect marmoratus) 5-Year low reproductive success. Habitat and understanding of the dynamics of presence and nesting locations. Review. loss due to uncharacteristically how predator populations are affected by Monitor impacts to nesting success. http://www.fws.gov/wafwo severe fire in Klamath Mountain habitat parameters and human uses (e.g. Advocate ocean energy development /species/Fact%20sheets/ ecoregion. recreation). Role of isolation and/or projects to monitor and minimize 5%20Year%20Review%2 fragmentation of nesting habitat with impacts. Lower predation rates by 02009.pdf levels of nest predation. Minimum area minimizing garbage at campgrounds requirements. near murrelet habitat.

Bird Mountain Quail Oreortyx SOC X Shrubby riparian habitats Range retractions and local Wintering habitat requirements. Partnership programs with private Western Quail pictus adjacent to grassy uplands. extirpations. Small, disjunct landowners to maintain and/or provide Management Plan. populations. suitable habitat. Coordinate riparian http://www.wildlifemanag restoration with management of ementinstitute.org/PDF/ suitable adjacent uplands. Western%20Quail%20Ma nagement%20Plan%20(0 5.08).pdf

Bird Northern Accipiter SOC X X Large area requirements with a Large area requirements. Affected Estimated population densities. Maintain late successional forest Northern Goshawk Goshawk gentilis mosaic of forest stages, forest by reductions in amount of late habitat. Maintain natural forest Inventory and Monitoring atricapillus openings, and habitat successional forest. openings through prescribed fire, Technical Guide. components (e.g., snags, down thinning and hand-removal of http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/p logs). Open forest floor for encroaching conifers. ubs_other/wo_gtr071.pdf access to ground dwelling prey.

Bird Northern Spotted Strix T T X X X X X Large areas of late Large home range requirements. Impacts of forest operations and Largely being pursued on federal lands Revised Recovery Plan Owl occidentalis successional forest for Reductions in late successional management. Interactions with, and in Washington, Oregon and California for the Northern Spotted caurina breeding and dispersal. forest. Hybridization with and impacts from, Barred Owls. through the Northwest Forest Plan, Owl (Strix occidentalis competition from Barred Owls federal recovery plan, Oregon Forest caurina). (Strix varia ). Sensitive to West Practices Act on state and private http://www.fws.gov/pacific Nile Virus. Habitat loss due to lands, and several habitat conservation /ecoservices/documents/ uncharacteristically severe fire in plans on private lands. RevisedNSORecPlan201 Klamath Mountains ecoregion. 1.pdf

Bird Olive-sided Contopus SOC X X X X X Open mature coniferous forest, Relatively large area Comparison of prey resources and Maintain scattered large dead trees in Kotliar, N. B. 2007. Olive- Flycatcher cooperi forested riparian habitat, forest requirements (compared to other reproductive success in burns and patchy wildfires. Maintain natural sided flycatcher: A openings (e.g., burns, songbirds). Increased predation harvested forest, and within various openings, but minimize harvested technical Conservation harvested forest), or forest rates in harvest units within a harvest types. forest openings within mature forest Assessment for the edge with tall, prominent trees landscape of mature or highly landscapes. Rocky Mountain Region. and/or snags. Hemlocks or true fragmented forests. http://www.sierraforestleg firs for nesting. Tree cavities acy.org/Resources/Conse near or over water. rvation/SierraNevadaWild Abundance of insects. life/OliveSidedFlycatcher/ OSF-Kotliar07.pdf Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Oregon Vesper Pooecetes SOC X X Grasslands for foraging and Small disjunct populations. Loss Population response to restoration Maintain or restore grassland habitat, The Willamette Valley Sparrow gramineus nesting, with high structural and degradation of grassland activities increase plant diversity for greater Landowner's Guide to affinis diversity. Grassy areas with habitats due to invasive plants insect diversity, control key invasive Creating Habitat for scattered shrubs/trees and and lack of fire. Agricultural plants. In the Willamette Valley, Grassland Birds. some bare ground. practices (timing of mowing). reduce or avoid mechanical operations http://www.dfw.state.or.us Susceptible to predation by cats, during nesting (mid-May to July 15). /conservationstrategy/doc ground squirrels, , and s/grassland_bird_habitat/ raccoons. Grasslands.pdf

Bird Pileated Dryocopus X Mixed coniferous forests, Habitat fragmentation. Reductions Population trend information. Maintain and create large-diameter Ecology of the Pileated Woodpecker pileatus especially late successional in snag availability due to fire hollow trees, snags, and logs during Woodpecker in stands. Large-diameter trees suppression and forest health forest management activities. Northeastern Oregon. and snags for nest and roost management. http://www.jstor.org/stable sites. Large-diameter snags /3801036?seq=1#page_s and logs for foraging sites. can_tab_contents

Bird Red-necked Podiceps X Large lakes and ponds within a Small isolated population. Survey data is only periodic and Maintain and enhance marshy Waterbird Conservation Grebe grisegena forested landscape. Deep Susceptible to pesticide impacts incomplete. Determine potential impacts vegetation at occupied site(s). for the Americas. water for foraging and marshy on reproduction. Needs high water of recreational boating on breeding Minimize disturbance at breeding and http://iwjv.org/resource/no emergent vegetation for quality with diverse invertebrate success. Impact of cumulative effects of roosting locations. This species readily rth-american-waterbird- nesting. and fish prey. pesticides and heavy metals. Affect of uses artificial wetlands. Artificial nest conservation-plan deteriorating water quality due to platforms been used successfully on agricultural run-off, drought, and Lake Ontario. pollution.

Bird Rock Sandpiper Calidris X Undisturbed, rocky coastal Small migrant and wintering Few systematic counts have been Minimize disturbance at wintering and Northern Pacific Coast ptilocnemis habitat with sufficient intertidal population in Oregon. Regional undertaken in winter. Identify high migration locations. Take precautions Regional Shorebird tschuktschoru prey. declines noted in the past. High priority wintering and migration locations. to protect against oil spills. Management Plan. m vulnerability to oil spills. Impacts of human disturbance. http://www.shorebirdplan. org/regional-shorebird- conservation-plans/

Bird Sage Sparrow Artemisiospiz X Primarily occurs in big Sensitive to fragmentation. Area requirements. Conditions to Maintain sagebrush cover at 10-25% Sagebrush Communities a belli sagebrush communities. Negative association with densely maintain source populations. Effects of and height at > 20 inches, with <10% in the Intermountain Requires high shrub cover and growing annual invasive plants Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater ) invasive annual grasses and open West. low grass and litter cover in such as cheatgrass. Loss of parasitism. ground cover >10% in patches >400 http://www.abcbirds.org/n relatively large patches. sagebrush to high intensity, high acres where possible. ewsandreports/special_re frequency wildfires because of ports/SagebrushGuide.pd invasive grasses. Sensitive to f grazing.

Bird Short-eared Owl Asio X Large expanses of marshes Loss of large expanses of wetland Complete breeding season inventory of Maintain and restore wetland habitats, The Willamette Valley flammeus and wet prairies for foraging (marsh and wet prairie) habitat. suitable nesting habitat. Habitat with an emphasis on maintaining large Landowner's Guide to flammeus and nesting. Small population. Nests and relationships of breeding and wintering patches and/or expanding smaller Creating Habitat for communally roosts on ground, birds. ones. Minimize disturbance at known Grassland Birds. which makes species vulnerable communal roost sites. http://www.dfw.state.or.us to disturbance. /conservationstrategy/doc s/grassland_bird_habitat/ Grasslands.pdf Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Slender-billed Sitta X Mature, large-diameter oak Few mature oaks. Limited Patch size requirements. Dispersal Maintain large oaks. Preserve trees Land Manager's Guide to (White-breasted) carolinensis trees for foraging and nesting cavities. Susceptible to nest ability. Potential for re-introductions. containing cavities whenever possible. Bird Habitat and Nuthatch aculeata cavities. High canopy cover in predation and competition from Promote development of larger oaks. Populations in Oak connected patches. European Starlings and other Where possible, implement controlled Ecosystems of the Pacific cavity-nesters. burns to maintain oak tree dominance Northwest. and prevent conifer encroachment. http://www.abcbirds.org/n ewsandreports/special_re ports/QuercusGuidePart1 .pdf

Bird Snowy Egret Egretta thula X Tree, shrub, or stout Small, disjunct populations. Factors contributing to and effects from Minimize human disturbance in nesting Waterbird Conservation herbaceous vegetation such as Declining population trends. competition with other herons and areas during the breeding season. for the Americas. hardstem bulrush for nest sites. Colonial nester. Sensitive to egrets, especially non-native Cattle http://iwjv.org/resource/no human disturbance Egrets (Bubulcus ibis ). rth-american-waterbird- conservation-plan

Bird Streaked Horned Eremophila T X Open, treeless expanse of Large area requirements. Low Evaluate appropriateness of Maintain or restore large sparsely The Willamette Valley Lark alpestris sparsely vegetated grassland reproductive success. Loss and reintroductions to areas where vegetated grassland habitat, create Landowner's Guide to strigata areas (including bare ground degradation of grassland habitat. extirpated. Demographic studies to nesting areas, increase plant diversity Creating Habitat for patches) for nesting and Nesting failure due to agricultural determine population viability. for greater insect diversity, control key Grassland Birds. foraging. practices (e.g., mowing, haying, Alternative approaches to reduce non-native plants. Designate locations http://www.dfw.state.or.us spraying). Predation at nest sites. airstrikes. Overwintering habitat to be managed for core populations. /conservationstrategy/doc Mortality from rodenticides (zinc selection and components of high-quality Recommend minimizing disturbance s/grassland_bird_habitat/ phosphide). wintering habitat. Causes of adult during breeding and fledging period, Grasslands.pdf mortality. Methods for improving mid-April through mid-August. fecundity. Adult and natal dispersal and Improving nesting habitat away from movements of adults following nest active runways may reduce collisions failure. and improve adult survival if enough suitable habitat exists away from the runway.

Bird Swainson’s Hawk Buteo X X X X Expansive grassland habitat Declining populations. Relatively Systematic surveys for the species. Partnerships with private landowners Conservation Strategy for swainsoni with scattered nest trees and large area requirements. Potential competition with Red-tailed are critical along with comprehensive Landbirds in the small populations for Significant losses of grassland Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis ) especially conservation planning with federal land Columbia Plateau of prey. habitat. High mortality of wintering where nest trees are limited. managers. Protection of nest trees is Eastern Oregon and populations in the Pampas of important. Maintain shrub-steppe and Washington. Argentina from pesticide misuse is herbaceous shrubs habitats to allow for http://www.orwapif.org/sit well documented. a diversity of prey species. es/default/files/columbia_ basin.pdf Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Trumpeter Swan Cygnus X X X Breeding pairs, wintering birds Small breeding population and Unknown movement patterns/travel Improve and protect emergent buccinator and migrants need high quality low recruitment. Degraded corridors as related to powerline wetlands through enhanced water emergent marsh areas/ponds habitats in most of Harney Basin locations in need of distribution and management with submerged aquatic plant due to common carp infestation. marking/modification. Identification of capability. Mark/modify known communities for foraging and Poor habitat conditions during important breeding habitat and use powerline collision hazards. Continue with limited human drought years. locations within each Ecoregion. Origin translocation efforts to disturbance. of wintering populations. enhance/expand breeding population.

Bird Tufted Puffin Fratercula X X Steep slopes and deep soil for Availability of habitat with nesting Accurate population estimates (difficult Prevent introduction of ground Regional Seabird cirrhata burrowing on coastal islands substrate (soil covered) is to survey this burrow-nesting species). predators and human disturbance near Conservation Plan, and rocky headlands with naturally limited in Oregon and Reasons for perceived population nesting areas. Advocate ocean energy Pacific Region. minimal human or mammalian vulnerable to impacts from decline need to be investigated. development minimize negative http://www.fws.gov/Pacifi disturbance. humans and predators. High Potential impacts from marine renewable impacts. Take precautions to protect c/migratorybirds/PDF/Sea potential vulnerability to oil spills. energy projects. against oil spills. bird%20Conservation%2 0Plan%20Complete.pdf

Bird Upland Sandpiper Bartramia SOC X Large breeding area Very small, disjunct populations. Thorough inventory of distribution. Partnerships with private landowners Conservation Plan for the longicauda requirements. Wet and dry Encroachment of meadows by Analysis of habitat relationships and to determine and implement Upland Sandpiper meadows in small valleys such lodgepole pine (possibly due to requirements. Relationship between land appropriate conservation on suitable (Bartramia longicauda). as Logan Valley, Bear Valley fire suppression and/or changes in use and habitat suitability. habitat patches. Remove encroaching http://www.whsrn.org/site and around Ukiah. Medium- water distribution). lodgepole pine trees in meadows. s/default/files/file/Upland_ height grasses with high plant Sandpiper_Conservation diversity. Current habitat _Plan_v1.1_10_02-28.pdf includes nearby lodgepole pine and sagebrush.

Bird Western Bluebird Sialia X Grasslands and oak savannahs Habitat loss and degradation due Effects of contaminants (insecticides) on Maintain or restore grassland and oak Land Manager's Guide to mexicana for foraging. Cavities in oaks to invasive non-native plants and insectivorous bird species. Locations of savannah habitat. Maintain oaks >22 Bird Habitat and for nesting. Scattered trees or lack of fire. Competition for and factors key to success for natural inches diameter at breast height. Populations in Oak shrubs as hunting perches. cavities from non-native birds. cavity-nesting pairs. Retain snags and live trees with large, Ecosystems of the Pacific Predation by house cats, raccoons dead branches to improve availability Northwest. and rodents. Sensitive to disease of nest cavities. Maintain nest box http://www.abcbirds.org/n and parasites. programs for cavity habitat in the short- ewsandreports/special_re term, design and place nest boxes to ports/QuercusGuidePart1 minimize use by starlings. Brush/slash .pdf piles created as a result of management activities may provide limited, short-term habitat in young conifer forests. Maintain >20% combination of short, herbaceous vegetation and/or bare ground in breeding areas. Monitor and manage for understory vegetation diversity to support an abundance of invertebrate prey. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird Western Athene SOC X X X Burrows (created by other Reduction in adequate size and Value of artificial nesting structures for Maintain open ground cover >40-70%, Status Assessment and Burrowing Owl cunicularia species, particularly badgers) number of burrows due to habitat population expansion and/or re- shrub cover <15%, and native grass Conservation Plan for the hypugaea for nesting. High proportion of loss and reduction in burrowing introduction. cover <40% and <6 inches tall in Western Burrowing Owl bare ground near burrows. mammal populations. Illegal nesting areas. Provide 200 meter in the United States. shooting of owls and/or badgers. buffer zones around nest burrows https://www.fws.gov/mou Disturbance during nesting where pesticide applications, rodent ntain- season. Collisions with vehicles. control and human disturbance is prairie/species/birds/wbo/ Collapse of burrows by livestock minimized. Protect badger populations Western%20Burrowing% trampling. in areas where burrowing owls are 20Owlrev73003a.pdf present.

Bird Western Sturnella X Large expanses of grasslands Populations sensitive to loss, Comprehensive survey effort in the Maintain and/or restore grassland The Willamette Valley Meadowlark neglecta for foraging and nesting due to degradation, and fragmentation of Willamette Valley. Evaluate response of habitat, especially large expanses Landowner's Guide to relatively large home range grassland habitats. Require large meadowlark productivity to prairie (e.g., >100 acres). Promote overall Creating Habitat for requirements. Limited areas of grassland habitat. restoration. Need demographic studies structural diversity in grassland Grassland Birds. scattered shrubs, trees or posts Susceptible to nest predation from for populations in altered prairie-oak habitats and limit the cover of trees http://www.dfw.state.or.us for singing perches. Prefer raccoons, cats, and dogs. Adult habitats such as pasture, hay fields, and shrubs (<10%). Ensure good /conservationstrategy/doc habitat with structural diversity, meadowlarks are hunted by airports, and urban and residential park- overall structural diversity with a s/grassland_bird_habitat/ variation in forb height and raptors. Human disturbance can like oak woodlands and forests. relatively high percent cover of native Grasslands.pdf vegetation cover class <25 cm cause meadowlarks to abandon forbs (>10%) and bare ground (>5%), in height. nests. and good representation of all height classes. Increase plant diversity for greater insect diversity and control key non-native plants. Control and remove reed canarygrass. Minimize disturbance during the breeding season (4/15 – 7/15).

Bird Western Purple Progne subis SOC X X X X Abundant cavities for colonial Threats on wintering grounds in Effects of pesticides. Retain and promote natural Conserving Purple Martin nesting. Proximity to water and South America. Availability and cavities/snags. Martins in OSU's large, open areas for foraging. competition for suitable nesting McDonald-Dunn sites. Reduction of natural cavities Research Forest. from human activities. http://www.oregonwildlife. Competition from European org/publication/2013- Starlings. dunn-forest-purple-martin- report

Bird Western Snowy Charadrius T T X X X Sandy and sparsely vegetated Suitable habitat free from Population size, productivity, and Recovery actions include habitat Recovery Plan for the Plover nivosus (Coastal shoreline above high tide for introduced European beach grass fledging rates of interior populations. restoration, European beach grass Pacific Coast Population nivosus populati nesting habitat. Sandy beaches and ground and avian predators. removal, predator control and of the Western Snowy on) with intertidal areas for Human disturbance is a major disturbance management. Plover (Charadrius foraging (CR, NS). Alkaline limitation to nesting success alexandrinus nivosus). flats and salt pans associated outside the currently protected http://www.westernsnowy with springs, seeps, or lake areas. plover.org/pdfs/WSP%20 edges (NBR). Final%20RP%2010-1- 07.pdf Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Bird White-headed Picoides SOC X X X Large tracts of open ponderosa Population declines and local Distribution. Impacts of forest Retain existing or manage to create A Conservation Woodpecker albolarvatus pine woodlands with mature extirpations. Loss of mature management practices and habitat large tracts of open mature woodland. Assessment for the White- trees for foraging and snags for ponderosa pine trees and snags. suitability of managed forests. Predation Retain snags and high cut stumps. headed woodpecker nesting. Habitat degradation from rates by individual predator species. Eliminate or restrict fuelwood cutting of (Picoides albolarvatus). encroaching trees and shrubs, and Habitat relationships of rodent egg stumps and snags in suitable habitat. http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfp lack of recruitment of young predators. nw/issssp/documents2/ca- ponderosa pine into larger size bi-picoides-albolarvatus- classes. Egg predation in areas of 2013-08-07.pdf high predator (most likely chipmunks and golden-mantled ground squirrels) densities associated with shrubs and down wood.

Bird Willow Flycatcher Empidonax SOC X X Riparian shrub dependent. Declining populations. Loss and Population size and trends. Site and Restore brushy patches of willow and Conservation Strategy for traillii Dense continuous or near- degradation of riparian shrub landscape factors that contribute to other native shrubby habitats near Landbirds in Lowlands continuous shrub layer, habitat from altered hydrological Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism. water. Control non-native plants to and Valleys of Watern especially of willows. regimes and invasive species. improve native shrub plant Oregon and Washington. Brown-headed Cowbird communities. Discourage Brown- http://www.orwapif.org/sit parasitism. headed Cowbird use of riparian areas es/default/files/western_lo through seasonal timing of grazing wlands.pdf Conservation and/or maintaining high grass heights Assessment of the Willow in priority areas. Restore riparian and Flycatcher in the Sierra early seral/montane meadow habitat in Nevada. the West Cascades. http://www.sierraforestleg acy.org/Resources/Conse rvation/SierraNevadaWild life/WillowFlycatcher/WF- Green03.pdf

Bird Yellow Rail Coturnicops SOC X Narrow range of preferred Small, disjunct population. Complete inventory of other potential Maintain preferred water levels of Conservation noveboracens water depths and presence of Specific wetland types and breeding habitats in southcentral approximately 2.4-2.8 inches during Assessment for Yellow is senescent vegetation within conditions. Intensive livestock Oregon. Prey selection and its potential the breeding season. Maintain at least Rail (Coturnicops noveboracens sedge meadows. grazing that removes >50% of relationship with preferred water levels. 50% of senescent vegetation from noveboracensis). is senescent vegetation. year to year. http://www.fs.usda.gov/Int Hydrological changes from ernet/FSE_DOCUMENTS wetland draining or inundation. /fsm91_054315.pdf

Bird Yellow-breasted Icteria virens SOC X X Dense brushy thickets, Loss of larger patches of dense Population trends. Effects of Brown- Restore relatively large areas of dense Conservation Strategy for Chat auricollis especially near streams. riparian shrub habitat. Altered headed Cowbird parasitism. thickets of native shrub-dominated Landbirds in Lowlands disturbance regimes that create riparian habitats. Maintain preferred and Valleys of Watern ephemeral habitats. Changes in water levels of approximately 2.4-2.8 Oregon and Washington. ground water and surface water. inches during the breeding season. http://www.orwapif.org/sit Livestock grazing disturbances Maintain at least 50% of senescent es/default/files/western_lo near riparian habitat. vegetation from year to year. wlands.pdf Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Mammal American Marten Martes X X X X X Associated mostly with late Low survival rates in fragmented Ecology of martens is not well Maintain all currently occupied habitat. americana successional mixed conifer forests. understood in Oregon outside of the Blue Minimize fragmentation in core habitat forest with multi-layer stands Mountains. More information needed on areas. Restore habitat to increase and but found in other forests population densities where they occur reconnect suitable habitat patches in providing there is a high and differences in habitat needs in the vicinity of the known population. density of snags and logs for different ecoregions. Restore functional landscape denning and foraging. connectivity to enable recolonization. Monitor the existing population to determine population trend(s) and cause(s) of the recent documented decline. Conduct additional surveys in the vicinity of recent marten detections.

Mammal American Pika Ochotona X X X X Requires talus, creviced rock, Requires cool microclimates. Better information on species Improve monitoring effort. Identify Listing under federal ESA princeps and other microhabitats which Limited dispersal ability. Low distribution, abundance, and population isolated populations. not warranted at this time provide cool microclimates. fecundity. Decreased snowpack. trends in Oregon is needed. Improving (Jan 2010) Adequate forage close to rocky understanding of potential climate crevices. change impacts on predation, competition, and forage dynamics is also important for species conservation.

Mammal California Myotis Myotis X X X X X X X Primarily forest-associated. Reduction of large snags. Patchy Seasonal movements, winter roost Maintain and create large snags during Bat Grid shows only one californicus Uses large snags for day distribution. Low reproductive locations and their micro-climate forest management activities. record for Columbia roosts. Occasionally found rate. conditions. Species distribution and Complete bridge replacement and Plateau, many records for night roosting under bridges. population size and trends. Species maintenance when bats are absent. all other ecoregions. distinction in relation to western small- footed bat. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Mammal Columbia White- Odocoileus E X X Columbia River DPS: Riparian Though historically more Columbia River DPS: Predator-prey Columbia River DPS: Continue to USFWS. 2013. tailed Deer virginianus (Lower habitat along the lower abundant in Willamette Valley, interactions with coyotes. Agricultural implement conservation actions Columbia River Distinct leucurus Columbi Columbia River. Umpqua this species is being managed land use impacts on habitat. Both identified in the Columbian white-tailed Population Segment of a River population: Lower elevation primarily on island refuges in the populations: Susceptibility to disease deer Recovery Plan. Umpqua the Columbian White- populati oak woodland forests. Often Columbia River bottomlands. (e.g., Deer Hair Loss) population - Continue to monitor tailed Deer (Odocoileus on) found in riparian habitat. Fluctuations in numbers seem to populations. Continue to manage virginianus leucurus). be driven by carrying capacity of habitat at North Bank Habitat Five-Year Review: the habitats in these refuges. Management Area. Evaluate Summary and Therefore the limiting factors for translocation issues and priorities. Evaluation. USFWS this species appear to be the size Washington Fish and of their habitat blocks, and Wildlife Office. Lacey, connectivity between blocks. Washington. 50pp. Columbia River DPS - Habitat loss due to agricultural and residential development. Flooding impacts on island-dwelling and low-elevation mainland populations. Umpqua population - Disease. Collisions with vehicles. Habitat loss due to development.

Mammal Fisher Pekania P X X X Found in forests with diverse Limiting factors still unclear. Large Determine whether populations are Maintain complex forest structure with pennanti structural stages and plant home ranges required. Low rate of expanding and/or reestablishing in large trees within the fishers range. communities, typically with reproduction and specific habitat extirpated areas. Affects of various Improve habitat patch size and moderate to dense canopy requirements for den sites may habitat conditions on the persistence of connectivity to provide for dispersal, cover and often along riparian contribute. isher populations. Explore feasibility of genetic interchange, and expansion of corridors. Uses cavities in live reintroduction including what the populations. Use results of feasibility or dead standing trees for den ecological or genetic constraints studies to guide specific conservation sites. Preys on small imposed upon reintroduced populations actions and management decisions for , including snowshoe are. What natural or anthropogenic potential reintroductions. Work with hares and porcupines. factors facilitate or impede movement of WDFW, USFWS, and NPS to review fishers. Standardized protocols for outcomes of conservation actions. assessing resource availability and Develop a fisher conservation strategy. habitat suitability before reintroductions.

Mammal Fringed Myotis Myotis SOC X X X X X X X Forest habitats. Large snags Disturbance at roosts. Patchy Distribution, population size and trends, Use gates and seasonal closures to BatGrid. BatGrid shows thysanodes and rock features for day, distribution and local rarity. and seasonal movements. Maternity and protect known hibernacula. Maintain 13 records in NBR, 28 in night, and maternity roosts Reduction of large snags. Low winter roost locations and characteristics. and create large-diameter hollow trees WV. 100+ in the other (occasionally uses bridges for reproductive rate. Extent and effects of other limiting and large diameter, tall, newly dead ecoregions. Any reason night roosting). Caves and factors (e.g., habitat loss and snags during forest management to add NBR and WV, or mines for hibernacula. Beetles degradation). activities best conserved in the for prey other ecoregions? No records in CP. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Mammal Gray wolf Canis lupus Federall E X X X X Protection measures in place Limited only by availability of Maintaining current efforts for tracking The conservation and menagement of Oregon Wolf y and prescribed in detail in the disturbance-free areas; mostly in movements and status of all wolf packs gray wolves in Oregon is directed and Conservation and Endang "Oregon Wolf Conservation forested landcapes where in Oregon for as many individual wolves governed by the "Wolf Conservation Management Plan ered in and Management Plan" 2005 adequate prey (e.g. deer and elk) as resources allow. Contunue surveys to and Management Plan" (2005 and http://www.dfw.state.or.us Oregon and 2010. persist. meet the goals of the Wolf Plan to amended 2010). /Wolves/management_pl west of determine the numbers and wolf an.asp Highway productivity annually. Continue and s 395,78 enhance wolf-cougar resesrch in NE and 95 Oregon to descibe competitive interactions and prey selection between wolves and cougars. Measure and evaluate depredations of and interaction with livestock.

Mammal Hoary Bat Lasiurus SOC X X X X X X X X Forest habitats, including late Low reproductive rate. Habitat Basic ecology, distribution, population Investigate data gaps and use results Johnson & Erickson cinereus successional conifer forests loss. Migratory behavior increases size, structure and dynamics, migration to guide management actions. 2011: Avian, Bat and which are used for roosting. vulnerability to habitat changes patterns, and habitat use. Impacts of Implement impact reduction strategies Habitat Cumulative Abundant insect prey. and wind turbine-related mortality. wind facilities on migratory populations. (e.g. operational minimization) at wind Impacts Associated with energy facilities to reduce fatalities. Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion of Eastern Washington and Oregon

Mammal Kit Fox Vulpes T X Salt desert scrub. Limiting factors unknown for Species status. Population densities and This species is difficult to census Oregon Department of macrotis northern range. Popluation size, distribution. Habitat selection (probably due to low density in Fish and Wildlife. 2014. habitat availability, local impacts preferences. Oregon); a cost-effective method is Kit Fox Research 2013- of predation by coyotes, and needed to determine population size 15: Interim Performance collisions with vehicles may be and trends. Radio-tag animals Report to the US Fish factors. opportunistically. and Wildlife Service for the Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Grant Number F13AF00838. Unpublished; available from ODFW.

Mammal Long-legged Myotis volans SOC X X X X X X X Often associated with late Reduction of late successional Seasonal movements, winter roost Maintain and create large-diameter Baker 2010. Baker: use Myotis successional conifer forests or conifer forests.Loss of hollow locations and their microclimate hollow trees and large diameter, tall, of ponderosa pine and other forested habitat with late trees and large diameter, tall, conditions. Baseline population data and newly dead snags in riparian and various Abies fir species successional components newly dead snags. Loss of healthy trends. upland habitat. Maintain and restore (grand and white) in East (especially snags). Uses large riparian habitat. Untimely bridge diverse riparian areas. Complete Cascades ecoregion. snags and hollow trees replacement. Low reproductive bridge replacement and maintenance Species table right now primarily in riparian areas for rate. when bats are absent. Incorporate focuses on Doug Fir day, night, and maternity snags of pine and fir speciess into snags, but these other roosts. May use bridges in forest management plans species are important in forested habitat for night xeric ecoregions, roosting. Occasionally found frequent roost switching night roosting and hibernating requires abundant snags. in caves or mines. Forages in forest riparian and forest edge. East Cascades: Ponderosa Pine, Grand and White Fir are all important species. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Mammal Pallid Bat Antrozous SOC X X X X X Dry, open habitats. Crevices in Disturbance at roosts. Patchy Statewide distribution and estimated Use gates and seasonal closures to Bat Grid, Verts & pallidus cliffs, caves, mines, or bridges distribution. Loss of Ponderosa population size and trends. Seasonal protect known roost sites during Carraway – Land (occasionally uses buildings) Pine snags. Loss of low elevation movements. Maternity and winter roost sensitive times (raising young and Mammals of Oregon for day, night, or maternity dry ecosystems (native locations and microclimate hibernation). Maintain open water (book), Baker 2008 roosts, or hibernacula. grasslands, shrub-steppe habitats requirements. sources in dry landscapes. Manage paper. Grassland, shrub-steppe and and open ponderosa pine rock features such as cliffs to avoid dry forest ecotones for woodlands) to development. Low conflict with recreational use and rock foraging. Open water sites reproductive rate. removal. Complete bridge replacement within the landscape. Snags as and maintenance when bats are day roosts in some areas. See absent. Maintain large pine snags in Baker 2008 shrub-steppe/forest ecotones. Maintain and restore native grassland, shrub-steppe and open ponderosa pine habitats.

Mammal Pygmy Rabbit Brachylagus SOC X Tall dense clumps of basin big Habitat loss. Patchy distribution Distribution and abundance. Population Maintain basin big sagebrush habitats. idahoensis sagebrush. Deep, loose soils susceptible to local declines. dynamics. Effects of habitat Provide habitat corridors between for digging burrows. Native Limited dispersal capabilities. fragmentation on dispersal. priority populations. grasses for summer forage. Dispersal impacted by roads and cleared areas.

Mammal Red Tree Vole Arborimus C X X X Found in dense, moist conifer Very small home range. Low Survey methods for this small, canopy- Continue to monitor populations in See list. Additional notes: longicaudus forests. Prefers large stand mobility, low dispersal ability to dwelling arboreal species. Stand response to forest management The red tree vole is found size. Highly specialized diet of move among habitat. Low requirements for population maintenance activities. Conduct surveys in forested primarily in late- primarily Douglas-fir reproductive rate. Habitat loss (e.g., minimum number or size of conifer lands prior to timber harvest and successional (older, needles.Requires large trees, connectivity). Population genetics. protect high-priority sites. It is thought structurally complex) branches for protection of Reproductive success in young forest that management goals and protection forests in western Oregon nests, which are typically at stands. Home range, dipersal and for the red tree vole are generally and northwestern least 50 feet above ground. migration. Monitor populations in compatible with those for the California (Verts and Arboreal. Vulnerable to habitat response to forest management. threatened northern spotted owl and Carraway 1998) USFWS loss from timber harvest, other late-successional forest species. 2011). Because of their wildfire, development, exclusive diet of conifer recreation, roads, and other needles, red tree voles human-caused disturbances. are restricted to conifer forests. Though they use a variety of tree species, they principally feed on Douglas fir needles and nest in Douglas fir trees. However, red tree voles in a portion of the North Coast Range are associated with Sitka spruce and western hemlock forests. Red tree voles are sometimes found in younger forest stands but appear unlikely to persist in these areas. Research indicates they exhibit a strong preference for older trees and complex Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Mammal Ringtail Bassariscus X X X Low elevation forested sites Habitat loss and fragmentation. Distribution and abundance. Habitat Collect information on data gaps. http://oe.oregonexplorer.i astutus with large-diameter snags and Rarely uses non-forested areas selection preferences. Survey methods nfo/wildlife/wildlifeviewer/ logs for dens. Associated with but will use legacy large diameter needed for this secretive, nocturnal late successional forests but trees in harvested units with species. also uses riparian and rocky sufficient structural retention. High areas. prey densities needed.

Mammal Rocky Mountain Ovis X Large expanse of open rugged Pneumonia bacteria present Need more research to better Reintroduction transplants of bighorns Bighorn Sheep canadensis canyon grasslands, with within bighorn sheep herds, understand pneumonia complex within to suitable indigenous habitats. Keep numerous rocky outcrops and contact with domestic sheep and bighorn sheep. bighorns from coming in contact with rock cliffs. Habitat may include goats, cougar predation, and domestic sheep and goats. isolated stands of conifer limited water supply. and/or deciduous trees.

Mammal Sierra Nevada Vulpes vulpes Under X X X High elevation meadows and Fire suppression reduces Population dynamics. Genetics. Maintain and/or recruit high elevation McFadden-Hiller, J.E. Red Fox necator review forest habitats. Species available habitat in some high Competition from coyotes. conifer forest habitats and meadows. and T.L. Hiller. 2014. experiencing greater elevation areas. Continue monitoring programs. Forest research conservation threats at Support data collection efforts to in the Northern Cascades southern edge of range, so distinguish between eastern red fox of Oregon (Oct 2012- efforts to provide habitat in and Sierra Nevada red fox. Continue June2014): Final Oregon are especially helpful. to implement ODFW Wolf Plan. Progress Report to Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 10pp.

Mammal Silver-haired Bat Lasionycteris SOC X X X X X X X X Late-successional conifer Reduction of late successional Population size, structure, and dynamics, Maintain late-succsssional conifer noctivagans forests. Uses large snags and conifer forests. Loss of hollow distribution, migration patterns, and habitats; maintain and create large- hollow trees for day, night, and trees and large diameter, tall, habitat use. Impacts of wind facilities on diameter hollow trees and snags. maternity roosts. Found in newly dead snags. Migratory migratory populations. Implement impact reduction strategies other habitats during migration. behavior increases vulnerability to (e.g. operational minimization) at wind habitat changes and wind turbine- energy facilities to reduce fatality. related mortality in the spring and Investigate other Best Management fall. Mortality of mature females in Practices for implementation at wind the spring may be problematic. energy facilities. Low reproductive rate.

Mammal Spotted Bat Euderma SOC X X X X X Crevices in cliffs, caves, and Naturally rare. Low reproductive Baseline data needed in Oregon. Basic Maintain open water sources in desert maculatum canyon walls for day and night rate. Disturbance at roosts. Loss ecology, habitat relations, estimated landscapes. Manage rock features roosting. Trees adjacent to of natural shrub-steppe habitat. population size and trend, and such as cliffs to avoid conflict with meadows for night roosting. distribution unclear. recreational use and rock removal. Water sources within the Maintain and restore native shrub- landscape. Meadows and steppe habitat. shrub-steppe for foraging. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Mammal Townsend's Big- Corynorhinus SOC X X X X X X X X Caves, mines, and isolated Highly sensitive to disturbance at Distribution and population size and Use gates and seasonal closures to eared Bat townsendii buildings for day and night roost sties. Highly specific roost trend. Winter roost locations and protect known roost sites during roosting, maternity roosts and requirements (dependence on seasonal movements. Effects of insect sensitive times (raising young and hibernacula. Gathers in uncommon or at risk structures for control on prey base (e.g., gypsy ). hibernation). Maintain buildings used concentrations. Occasionally habitat). Reduction in prey base. as roosts. Maintain and create large- uses hollow trees and bridges Low reproductive rate. diameter hollow trees during forest for day or night roosting. management activities. Monitor roosts. Primarily feeds on .

Mammal Washington Spermophilus C E X Shrub-steppe or grassland with Habitat loss and fragmentation. Colony site dynamics Maintain habitat patches. Restore The Washington ground Ground Squirrel washingtoni deep, loose, sandy loam soil. (landscape/metapopulation dynamics) to habitat connectivity where possible. squirrel has a very limited High availability of forbs. understand how and why colony sites Consider translocations as a recovery range and distribution Requires sufficient patch size appear and disappear. Further surveys tool for instances of management and due to specific soil and to maintain a colony. Maintain are needed to document occurrence of conservation concern. Consider vegetation needs and existing areas of occupied the species at historic and previously un- experimental habitat creation or remaining parcels of habitat and ensure connectivity surveyed areas. Colony site dynamics restoration in appropriate locations and undisturbed habitat. between colony sites. and understand what factors contribute soil/vegetation types. Invasive species Concerns remain for Populations do fluctuate and to expansion and extirpation of colonies. management on shrub-steppe habitat. continued loss of habitat conservation planning needs to especially on private maintain areas occupied at lands. Since state listing, peak populations. The role of the threat from wind isolated colonies is important energy development has as insurance again disease grown substantially and outbreaks and refuges from the number of wind power wildfires. projects is increasing in Washington ground squirrel habitat (USFWS 2010). In 2008, the USFWS, ODFW, and Oregon Department of Energy finalized wind energy siting and permitting guidelines that could be used for all permitting jurisdictional levels in the Oregon Columbia Plateau Ecoregion. The guidelines were developed with stakeholder input and, Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Mammal Western gray Sciurus X Oak woodland and savanna. Habitat loss and fragmentation. Population locations and trends. General Work with private landowners to ORBIC State Status: S4 squirrel griseus Mixed oak-pine-fir woodlands. Vegetation changes due to fire ecology. Competition and other impacts maintain and restore oak and mixed Reason: In the mid- Older oak trees with large suppression. Residential and from non-native squirrels. Dispersal oak/pine/fir woodlands, especially Willamette Valley has limbs. Continuous canopy to urban development. Road patterns and need for canopy travel large patches. Work with landownders been declining for a long facilitate movement. mortality. Damage control efforts. corridors. Potential for reintroduction experiencing damage to trap/relocate time although there are effort. squirrels. Maintain continuous canopy fairly good remnant within 200 feet of nest sites. Maintain populations in some or plant mast species such as Oregon areas in suitable habitat. white oak and California hazel. Remaining oak habitats Maintain older trees with large limbs. in many areas are declining because of lack of fire and increasing competition from conifers. Competition from eastern gray squirrels and fox squirrels has contributed to the decline.In the northern Willamette Valley the habitat base is shrinking and it is confined to a few scattered mountain ranges and forested hills in the Willamette Valley foothills. These populations are more closely associated with agricultural nut growers than randomly scattered throughout the habitat base.

Mammal Wolverine Gulo gulo PT - X D DG Subalpine and alpine forests Naturally low density. Large area Seasonal habitat requirements. Manage winter recreational use with 2011 ODFW Press Federal G for foraging. Steep snowy requirements.Low reproductive Population locations and dynamics. reference to wolverine requirements. Releases – documented protectio habitat above timberline for rates. Sensitive to habitat Management approaches considering sightings, tracks, and n denied dens. Conservation-focused fragmentation, roads and human low density and large home ranges. videos by Audrey under planning and development in activity. Monitoring throughout the Cascade Magoun. federal lowland valleys to allow for mountain range. http://www.dfw.state.or.us ESA, movement between high- /images/video_gallery/wal October elevation habitats. lowa_wolverine_2012.asp 2014

Mammal White tailed Lepus X Bunchgrass grasslands Distribution naturally limited by Basic ecology; habitat relationships and Investigate species-specific habitat Oregon Explorer. If you jackrabbit townsendii habitat; habitat loss and habitat selection; distribution; population requirements and use these to guide compare the current and degradation (shrub encroachment) trends and abundance management actions; develop historic maps on Oregon methods to census (nocturnal species) Explorer, there appears to be significant range contraction. However there is no reference or explanation for this on their website. Search of literature found no new information. Climate vulnerability ranking not yet completed as of this review. Probably should still consider this a Data Gap species. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Mammal Gray whale Eschrichtius X Relatively narrow migratory Low productivity. Historic Distribution and abundance of Protection from vessel disturbance, robustus corridor in nearshore waters. population declines throughout summering whales in Oregon. minimize interactions with pot Summer population range, but currently in good lines, cables. Observe Federal MMPA concentrated in specific standing. protections. Gather information to fill nearshore areas. data gaps.

Mammal Harbor porpoise Phocoena X Acoustically oriented species Low productivity. Sensitive to Long-term population trends unknown. Insure adequate prey base through phocoena sensitive to noise disturbance. anthropogenic noise. Impacts of ocean renewable energy coastal fish resource conservation; development. observe Federal MMPA protections. Manage ocean energy development to monitor and minimize impacts.

Mammal Northern Mirounga X Haul out sites on rocks, reefs Low productivity. Historic Northern stock status. Limit disturbance to haul out areas; elephant seal angustirostris or beaches. population declines throughout observe federal MMPA protections. range. Occasional marine mammal-fisheries interaction issues.

Mammal Pacific harbor seal Phoca vitulina X Haul out sites on rocks, reefs Low productivity. Suitable Current population status and trends in Limit human disturbance; observe or beaches. Pupping areas with pupping areas. abundance. federal MMPA protections; fill data minimal disturbance. gaps on population abundance and trends.

Mammal Southern Orcinus orca X Acoustically oriented species Low productivity. Small Seasonal use of Oregon coastal waters. Observe federally MMPA & ESA https://www.federalregis Resident Killer sensitive to noise disturbance. population size. protections, fill data gaps for use of ter.gov/articles/2015/02/ Whale DPS Oregon waters. 24/2015-03378/listing- endangered-or- threatened-species-12- month-finding-on-a- petition-to-revise-the- critical

Mammal Steller sea lion Eumetopias X Haul out sites on rocks, reefs Low productivity. Age-specific survival rates; effects of Observe federally MMPA protections Post Delisting Monitoring jubatus or beaches. predation on white sturgeon in to minimize disturbance and protect Plan see Appendix 3 at: Columbia and Willamette Rivers. pupping areas. Monitor population http://www.fisheries.noa trends. Gather information to fill data a.gov/pr/pdfs/statusrevie gaps. ws/stellersealion_easter n_statusreview.pdf Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Alvord Lake chub Siphateles SOC SV X Inhabits springs and spring-fed available suitable habitat. Non Genetics. Population dynamics. Habitat Maintain water quality and http://bibbase.org/netw avordensis streams, and impoundments in native fish use, distribution availability. Reduce localized impacts ork/publication/scheerer- Alvord basin where populations could become peterson-bauman- increasingly fragmented. clements- distributionandabundanc eofalvordchubinthealvor dbasinofsoutheasternOre gonandnorthwesternnev ada-2013

Fish Borax Lake chub Siphateles FE SE X Restricted to Borax Lake, a Vulnerable to random or localized N/A Continue efforts to maintain habitat. bibbase.org/network/pu boraxobius unique habitat fed by disturbance. Habitat has been Maintain water quality. blication/scheerer-bangs- geothermal springs, located on affected by some past land clements- fragile salt deposits. management practices. Off road 2013boraxlakechubinvest vehicles. Water withdrawals. igations-2013

Fish Oregon Lakes Tui Siphateles Hutton FT ST X Restricted to one spring in the Vulnerable to random or localized Population abundance and productivity. Secure spring waters. Maintain water U.S. Fish and Wildlife Chub group bicolor Spring Tui Alkali Lake subbasin of the disturbance. Habitat has been quality. Prevent infiltration of toxins Service. 1998. Recovery Chub Chewaucan River. affected by some agricultural and into the spring water supply. plan for the native fishes forestry practices. Located near of the Warner Basin and an old waste dump site, with Alkali Subbasin. Portland, toxins beginning to infiltrate the Oregon. 86pp. water table.

Fish Oregon chub Oregonichthy delisted SV X X Off-channel habitat (low flow, Predation by and competition Impacts of non-native species, Implement invasive species removal Reference Post Delisting s crameri in 2015 silty organic substrate, with invasive species; passage relationship between flow mgmt and programs; remove passage barriers or Monitoring plan once abundant vegetation and barriers; channelization; nonpoint population fitness mitigate for effects; reduce pollution, complete cover) source pollution; drainage of key restore floodplain processes off-channel habitat

Fish Umpqua chub Oregonichthy SOC SC X X X Off-channel habitat (low flow, Restricted distribution (to Population dynamics. Abundance Reduce pollution. Restore flow. USFS and BLM are s kalawatseti silty organic substrate, Umpqua basin). Passage barriers. estimates and trends. Reduce density of invasives in key drafting a conservation abundant vegetation and Channelization. Wetland habitat. Re-introductions useful at plan cover). drainage. Nonpoint source some sites. Limit nonpoint source pollution. Culvert cleaning. pollution through TMDL process Invasive species (predation) Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Bull Trout Salvelinus Willamette FT SC - X X Requires cool temperatures for Barriers to migration, spawning Juvenile abundance, passage and Maintain or restore aquatic and Draft Recovery plan in confluentus chang spawning and rearing. and early rearing habitat is reservoir mortality, angling related riparian habitat. Continue ongoing works e to SV Requires channel complexity limited, habitat quality above, in mortality,effects of parasites, level of restoration efforts involving propos and available migratory and downstream of reservoirs, predation (birds/mammals) landowners, tribes and agency ed for corridors predation by non-natives in partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, 2015 reservoirs, hybridisation in the OWEB). Finalize draft USFWS recovery upper McKenzie, limited food plan source (anadromous salmonids), altered hydrological regime, angling mortality.

Fish Hood FT SC - X Requires cool temperatures for connectivity with Columbia River, long term monitoring method Passage, water quality (temperature), Draft Recovery plan in chang spawning and rearing. limited spawnign rearing habitat habitat quality works e to SV Requires channel complexity (naturally), potentially angling. propos and available migratory ed for corridors 2015

Fish Deschutes FT SV X X X Requires cool temperatures for connectivity long term monitoring method Adaptively manage bull trout and Draft Recovery plan in spawning and rearing. kokannee harvest in LBC works Requires channel complexity and available migratory corridors

Fish Odell Lake FT SC X X Requires cool temperatures for Lake trout, angling?, limited long term monitoring method. Effects of establishment of additional Draft Recovery plan in spawning and rearing. spawning habitat. lake trout, map of spawning habitat "populations", gravel augmenation, works Requires channel complexity evaluate potential for lake trout and available migratory control. corridors

Fish Umatilla FT SC X X Requires cool temperatures for passage barriers, habitat long term monitoring method continue habitat restoration, Draft Recovery plan in spawning and rearing. screening, works Requires channel complexity and available migratory corridors

Fish Walla Walla FT SV X Requires cool temperatures for habitat and passage barriers long term monitoring method continue habitat restoration, Draft Recovery plan in propos spawning and rearing. screening, works ed for Requires channel complexity 2015 and available migratory corridors

Fish John Day FT SC X X Requires cool temperatures for riparian habitat, diversions, long term monitoring method continue habitat restoration, Draft Recovery plan in spawning and rearing. temperature, brook trout screening, brook trout control. works Requires channel complexity and available migratory corridors Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus

Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Grande FT SC - X Requires cool temperatures for brook trout, lake trout, long term monitoring method angler education, habitat Draft Recovery plan in Ronde chang spawning and rearing. hydropower, diversions, riparian restoration,restore connectivity, works e to SV Requires channel complexity habitat, angling. manage against brook trout/lake trout propos and available migratory ed for corridors 2015

Fish Imnaha FT SC - X Requires cool temperatures for non native fish, dams, diversions, long term monitoring method habitat restoration,restore Draft Recovery plan in chang spawning and rearing. effect of weirs? Habitat (riparian connectivity, manage against brook works e to SV Requires channel complexity and temperature barriers) trout. propos and available migratory ed for corridors 2015

Fish Hells FT SC X Requires cool temperatures for dams, diversions, roads, grazing, long term monitoring method, angler education, habitat Draft Recovery plan in Canyon spawning and rearing. mining, angling, non-natives distribution, abundance restoration,restore connectivity, works Requires channel complexity manage against brook trout. and available migratory corridors

Fish Malheur FT SC X X Requires cool temperatures for dams, water temperature, brook long term monitoring method, address connectivity, manage effects Draft Recovery plan in River spawning and rearing. trout, riparian habitat distribution/abundance of brook trout, increase tree cover to works Requires channel complexity cool streams and available migratory corridors

Fish Klamath FT SC X X Requires cool temperatures for dams, diversions, roads, grazing, long term monitoring method, continue habitat restoration, address Draft Recovery plan in Lake spawning and rearing. angling, non-natives, temperature distribution/abundance connectivity, manage effects of brook works Requires channel complexity trout, increase tree cover to cool and available migratory streams corridors

Fish Coastal Cutthroat Oncorhynchu Lower SOC SV X X X X Large woody debris, in-stream Habitat fragmentation or actions Breeding and genetic relationships Maintain or restore aquatic, estuarine NFSR (2005), Coastal Trout s clarki clarki Columbia structures and vegetation that increase population isolation. among different life history types. and riparian habitat, providing suitable Multi Species important for protection while Water quality. Alterations of Abundance. Distribution. Population age water quality and habitat complexity. Conservation and in freshwater. Juveniles prefer hydrology and watershed composition, estimates and trends. Continue ongoing restoration efforts Management Plan side channels, backwaters or function. Loss of estuarine Marine waters distribution and involving landowners, tribes and (2014). pools for rearing. Clean gravel habitat for rearing. Ocean mechanisms affecting marine survival. agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, for spawning and rearing. productivity. OWEB). Reduce localized impacts Migratory corridors where populations could become increasingly fragmented Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Westslope Oncorhychus SOC SC X X Specializes in foraging for Land use practices that reduce status. Maintain riparian cover and other Last assessement was Cutthroat Trout clarki lewisi invertebrates. Prefers cool, riparian cover; passage barriers; factors that can provide thermal 2005 Native Fish Status clear streams with coarse invasive species that can compete cooling. Reduce localized impacts Report sediment. over food resources where populations could become increasingly fragmented.

Fish Lahontan Oncorhynchu Quinn River FT ST Restricted distribution. Found Vulnerable to random disturbance methods to manage hybrid swarms Continue ongoing recovery efforts to: Recovery plan for Cutthroat trout s clarki in small streams lacking or events that cause isolation monitor water availability, improve Lahontan Cutthroat Trout henshawi numerous other fish species (e.g., fire). Hybridisation with riparian condition and channel (http://ecos.fws.gov/doc rainbow trout. structure, remove hybrids, treat for s/recovery_plan/950130. rainbow trout (implementation of pdf) current recovery plan).

Fish Coyote Lake X Restricted distribution. Found Vulnerable to random disturbance Spawning locations, confirmation of Continue ongoing recovery efforts to: Recovery plan for in small streams lacking or events that cause isolation barrier to movement (lower Willow monitor water availability, improve Lahontan Cutthroat Trout numerous other fish species (e.g., fire). Creek) riparian condition and channel (http://ecos.fws.gov/doc structure (implementation of current s/recovery_plan/950130. recovery plan). pdf)

Fish Oregon Basin Oncorhynchu Catlow SOC SC - X Several life history types with fragmentation, limited water poor understanding of factors that address passage barrier, Restore flow We are currently (2015) Redband Trout s mykiss Valley chang different migratory patterns. availability, unknown status influence long term viability. Limiting and riparian quality working on a redband e to SV Pools provide important because of inability to sample on factor is likely to be availability of water- trout conservation plan propos habitat for all life stages. Private land linked to natural cycles. Influnece of for the Malheur Lakes ed for climate change on these cycles is poorly and Catlow Valley 2015 understood in this region populations. This will facilitate data collection and recovery of these populations.

Fish Malheur SOC SV X X Several life history types with Channelization. Water poor understanding of factors that address passage barrier, Restore flow We are currently (2015) Lakes different migratory patterns. withdrawal. Riparian condition. influence long term viability. Limiting and riparian quality working on a redband Pools provide important Passage barriers. factor is likely to be availability of water- trout conservation plan habitat for all life stages. linked to natural cycles. Influnece of for the Malheur Lakes climate change on these cycles is poorly and Catlow Valley understood in this region populations. This will facilitate data collection and recovery of these populations. Oregon Basin Oncorhynchu Redband Trout s mykiss

Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Fort Rock SOC SC - X Several life history types with passage barrier, potentially brook poor understanding of factors that address passage barrier, Restore flow 2014 Great Basin chang different migratory patterns. trout, altered hydrology (below influence long term viability. Limiting and riparian quality Redband trout technical e to SV Pools provide important dam) factor is likely to be availability of water- report. propos habitat for all life stages. linked to natural cycles. Influnece of (http://bibbase.org/netw ed for climate change on these cycles is poorly ork/publication/meeuwig- 2015 understood in this region clements- useofdepletionelectrofish ingandageneralizedrando mtessellationstratifiedde signtoestimatedensityan dabundanceofredbandtro utinthenortherngreatbasi n-2014)

Fish Chewaucan SOC SV X Several life history types with connectivity in lower River, non poor understanding of factors that address passage barrier, Restore flow 2014 Great Basin different migratory patterns. natives, stream drying. influence long term viability. Limiting and riparian quality Redband trout technical Pools provide important factor is likely to be availability of water- report. habitat for all life stages. linked to natural cycles. Influnece of (http://bibbase.org/netw climate change on these cycles is poorly ork/publication/meeuwig- understood in this region clements- useofdepletionelectrofish ingandageneralizedrando mtessellationstratifiedde signtoestimatedensityan dabundanceofredbandtro utinthenortherngreatbasi n-2014)

Fish Warner SOC SC - X Several life history types with passage barriers, non natives in poor understanding of factors that address passage barrier, Restore flow 2014 Great Basin Lakes chang different migratory patterns. lake, high temperatures, water influence long term viability. Limiting and riparian quality Redband trout technical e to SV Pools provide important withdrawals, channelisation, factor is likely to be availability of water- report. propos habitat for all life stages. riparian condition linked to natural cycles. Influnece of (http://bibbase.org/netw ed for climate change on these cycles is poorly ork/publication/meeuwig- 2015 understood in this region clements- useofdepletionelectrofish ingandageneralizedrando mtessellationstratifiedde signtoestimatedensityan dabundanceofredbandtro utinthenortherngreatbasi n-2014)

Fish Goose Lake SOC SC - X Several life history types with passage barriers, non natives in poor understanding of factors that address passage barrier, Restore flow 2014 Great Basin chang different migratory patterns. lake, high temperatures, water influence long term viability. Limiting and riparian quality Redband trout technical e to SV Pools provide important withdrawals, channelisation, factor is likely to be availability of water- report. propos habitat for all life stages. riparian condition linked to natural cycles. Influnece of (http://bibbase.org/netw ed for climate change on these cycles is poorly ork/publication/meeuwig- 2015 understood in this region clements- useofdepletionelectrofish ingandageneralizedrando mtessellationstratifiedde signtoestimatedensityan dabundanceofredbandtro utinthenortherngreatbasi n-2014) Oncorhynchu s mykiss

Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Oregon Basin Upper SOC SV X X Several life history types with Channelization. Water poor understanding of factors that screening, Restore flow and riparian 2005 ODFW Native Fish Redband Trout Klamath different migratory patterns. withdrawal. Riparian condition. influence long term viability. Limiting quality status report (Summer Basin Pools provide important factor is likely to be availability of water- Steelhead (Klamath habitat for all life stages. linked to natural cycles. Influnece of extirpated) Mountains climate change on these cycles is poorly Province understood in this region ESU)

Fish Winter Steelhead Lower FT SC X X X Require streams with clean Water quality. Alterations of Continue ongoing monitoring of Maintain or restore aquatic and Lower Columbia River / Coastal Rainbow Columbia gravel, complex habitat and hydrology and watershed populations and conservation riparian habitat. Continue ongoing Conservation and Trout SMU (Lower cool temperatures for function. Fish passage. Riparian effectiveness. restoration efforts involving Recovery Plan for Oregon Columbia spawning and rearing. Require condition. Marine survival landowners, tribes and agency Populations of Salmon River ESU access for anadromous partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) and Steelhead and SW migration. Washington ESU)

Fish Willamette FT SV X X Require streams with clean Water quality. Alterations of Continue ongoing monitoring of Maintain or restore aquatic and Upper Willamette SMU (Upper gravel, complex habitat and hydrology and watershed populations and conservation riparian habitat. Continue ongoing Conservation and Willamette cool temperatures for function. Fish passage. Riparian effectiveness. restoration efforts involving Recovery Plan for River ESU) spawning and rearing. Require condition. Marine survival landowners, tribes and agency Chinook Salmon and access for anadromous partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) Steelhead migration.

Fish Summer Coastal SMU SOC SV X X X Require streams with clean Only 2 populations. Water quality. Continue ongoing monitoring of Maintain or restore aquatic and Coastal Multi-species Steelhead / (Oregon gravel, complex habitat and Alterations of hydrology and populations and conservation riparian habitat. Continue ongoing Conservation and Coastal Rainbow Coast ESU) cool temperatures for watershed function. Fish passage. effectiveness. restoration efforts involving Management Plan Trout spawning and rearing. Require Riparian condition. Marine landowners, tribes and agency access for anadromous survival partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) migration. Oncorhynchu s mykiss

Summer Steelhead / Coastal Rainbow Trout

Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Rogue SMU SV X X X Require streams with clean Water quality. Alterations of Continue ongoing monitoring of Maintain or restore aquatic and NFSR; Ecology and (Klamath gravel, complex habitat and hydrology and watershed populations and conservation riparian habitat. Continue ongoing Management of Summer Mountains cool temperatures for function. Fish passage. Riparian effectiveness. A repeat of a 1970s study restoration efforts involving Steelhead in the Rogue Province spawning and rearing, but able condition. Marine survival that identified spawning distribution landowners, tribes and agency River, 1973; Effects of ESU) to successfully in would be beneficial post-mainstem dam partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, Lost Creek Dam on streams that are naturally removal. OWEB). Maintain momentum for Summer Steelhead in the intermittent in summer. restoration of fish passage throughout Rogue River Phase II Require access for the Rogue watershed by continued Completion Report, 1994 anadromous migration, funding of passage projects. Restore including adequate streamflow streamflows through cooperative during downstream fry projects. migration on naturally intermittent streams, and upstream passage for juveniles in winter during multiple years in freshwater.

Fish Lower FT SC X X X Require streams with clean Water quality. Alterations of Continue ongoing monitoring of Maintain or restore aquatic and Lower Columbia River Columbia gravel, complex habitat and hydrology and watershed populations and conservation riparian habitat. Continue ongoing Conservation and SMU (Lower cool temperatures for function. Fish passage. Riparian effectiveness. restoration efforts involving Recovery Plan for Oregon Columbia spawning and rearing. Require condition. Marine survival landowners, tribes and agency Populations of Salmon River ESU) access for anadromous partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) and Steelhead migration.

Fish Summer Mid FT SC X X X Require streams with clean Water quality. Alterations of Continue ongoing monitoring of Maintain or restore aquatic and Conservation and Steelhead / Columbia gravel, complex habitat and hydrology and watershed populations and conservation riparian habitat. Continue ongoing Recovery Plan for Oregon Columbia Basin SMU cool temperatures for function. Fish passage. Riparian effectiveness. restoration efforts involving Populations of Steelhead Redband Trout (Middle spawning and rearing. Require condition. Marine survival landowners, tribes and agency in the Middle Columbia Columbia access for anadromous partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) River Steelhead Distinct River ESU) migration. Population Segment

Fish Lower Snake FT SV X Require streams with clean Water quality. Alterations of Continue ongoing monitoring of Maintain or restore aquatic and Interior Columbia SMU (Snake gravel, complex habitat and hydrology and watershed populations and conservation riparian habitat. Continue ongoing Technical Recovery Team River Basin cool temperatures for function. Fish passage. Riparian effectiveness. restoration efforts involving ESU) spawning and rearing. Require condition. Marine survival landowners, tribes and agency access for anadromous partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) migration. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish All Chinook Oncorhynchu All SMU's Require streams with clean Water quality. Alterations of Continue ongoing monitoring of Maintain or restore aquatic and PSMC Salmon FMP s tshawytscha gravel, complex habitat and hydrology and watershed populations and conservation riparian habitat. Continue ongoing cool temperatures for function. Fish passage. Riparian effectiveness. Especially in Blue restoration efforts involving spawning and rearing. Require condition. Marine survival. Mountains: Abundance, distribution and landowners, tribes and agency access for anadromous productivity. Mechanisms affecting partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, migration. Spring/Summer Run marine survival and spatial, temporal OWEB). Manage for sustainable require cool, deep resting utilization of nearshore marine waters. harvest. holes for holding over summer. Productive nearshore marine habitat that provides high quality prey in sufficient quantity for rapid growth at time of ocean entry.

Fish Chinook Salmon - Lower FT SC X X X X Lower Columbia River Fall Run Columbia Conservation and SMU (Lower Recovery Plan for Oregon Columbia Populations of Salmon River ESU) and Steelhead

Fish Mid SV X X X X NFSR Columbia SMU (Deschutes ESU) Fish Snake SMU FT ST X X Interior Columbia (Snake River Technical Recovery Team fall-run ESU)

Fish Chinok Salmon - Coastal SMU SC - X X X Coastal Multi-species Spring/Summer (Oregon propos Conservation and Run Coast ESU) ed Management Plan chang e to SV in 2015 Oncorhynchu s tshawytscha

Chinok Salmon - Spring/Summer Run

Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Rogue SMU SV X X X X Fish species most affected by Water quality (changes in flow Development and implementation of Continue coordination with Oregon Rogue Spring Chinook (Southern William Jess Dam/Lost Creek and temperature that result from water temperatue model for Lost Creek Water Resources to help Corps of Conservation Plan; Oregon/Nor Reservoir. Significant amount reservoir operation). Fish passage Reservoir; ongoing monitoring of gravel Engineers meet its fishery Effects of Lost Creek Dam thern of high quality habitat blocked. (limited amount of spawning quantity and quality below Lost Creek, enhancement responsiblity through on Spring Chinook California Water quality below dam habitat). Fishery impacts. Marine and restoration of gravel as needed fish friendly operation and use of Salmon in the Rogue Coasts ESU) problematic. Corps of survival. (USACE). Update knowledge of fall stored water. Work with water users River Phase II, 2000 Engineers, especially outside chinook spawning distribution upstream on Big Butte Creek to identify and of flood control operations, within remaing spring chinook spawning implement streamflow restoration, must operate in way that habitat. especially during spring chinook spawn protects spring chinook to period. Continue to implement meet its fishery enhancement spawning gravel augmentation on Big objective. Butte Creek as supported by monitoring results. Maintain or restore mainstem riparian and floodplain habitat. Continue ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB)

Fish Lower FT SC X X X Lower Columbia River Columbia Conservation and SMU (Lower Recovery Plan for Oregon Columbia Populations of Salmon River ESU) and Steelhead

Fish Mid SV X X X X NFSR Columbia SMU (Middle Columbia River Spring- Run ESU)

Fish Lower Snake FT ST X X Interior Columbia SMU (Snake Technical Recovery Team River Spring/Sum mer Run)

Fish Upper FT ST X X X Area blocked by Hells Canyon Restore passage above Hells Canyon NFSR Snake SMU Dam. Populations functionally Complex Dams. Restore aquatic and (Snake River extinct. riparian habitat. Spring/Sum mer Run)

Fish Willamette FT SC X X X Upper Willamette SMU (Upper Conservation and Willamette Recovery Plan for ESU) Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Chum Salmon Oncorhynchu All SMU's Require stream gravel bars Alterations of hydrology and Population dynamics. Population Maintain or restore aquatic, estuarine s keta with upwelling flowand side watershed function. Fish passage. genetics. Distribution. (Columbia River and riparian habitat. Continue ongoing channels near tidewaters for Marine survival. Loss of estuarine ESU currently considered extinct; further restoration efforts involving spawning. Migrate to ocean habitat. survey work planned to determine landowners, tribes and agency soon after emergence. status in Oregon). Distribution & partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, Productive nearshore marine abundance in OR marine waters. OWEB). Manage for sustainable habitat that provides high harvest. quality prey in sufficient quantity for rapid growth at time of ocean entry.

Fish Lower FT SC X X X Lower Columbia River Columbia Conservation and SMU Recovery Plan for Oregon (Columbia Populations of Salmon River ESU) and Steelhead

Coastal SMU SC X X Coastal Multi-species (Pacific Conservation and Coast ESU) Management Plan

Fish Coho Salmon Oncorhnchus All SMU's Require streams with clean Stream complexity. Water quality. Continue ongoing monitoring of Maintain or restore aquatic and PSMC Salmon FMP kisutch gravel, complex habitat and Fish passage. Riparian condition. populations and conservation riparian habitat. Continue ongoing cool temperatures for Alterations of hydrology and effectiveness. Mechanisms that affect restoration efforts involving spawning and rearing. Require watershed function. Marine marine survival landowners, tribes and agency access for anadromous survival. partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, migration. Productive OWEB). Manage for sustainable nearshore marine habitat that harvest. provides high quality prey in sufficient quantity for rapid growth at time of ocean entry.

Coastal SMU FT SV X X Consult SSRs, Coastal Coho Assessment. Implement measures identified in Oregon Coast Coho (Oregon Coastal Coho Assessment with Conservation Plan, PSMC Coast ESU) landowners and agency partners Salmon FMP NOAA; NMFS; State of Oregon (ODFW, OWEB, IMST); Coastal Coho Stakeholder Team Coho Salmon Oncorhnchus kisutch

Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Rogue SMU FT SV X X X X Oregon's SONCC Expert (Southern Panel, PSMC Salmon FMP Oregon/Nor thern California Coasts ESU)

Klamath FT SV X X X NFSR, PSMC Salmon FMP SMU (Southern Oregon/Nor thern California Coasts ESU)

Lower FT SE X X X X Lower Columbia River Columbia Conservation and SMU (SW Recovery Plan for Oregon Washington Populations of Salmon /Lower and Steelhead, PSMC Columbia Salmon FMP River ESU); [note: not native above Willamette Falls] Fish Western Speckled Rhinichthys Foskett FT ST X Restricted to lakes and low Vulnerable to random or localized Long-term habitat needs. Genetics. Continue long term mgmt to maintain 2014 Foskett Speckled Dace group osculus spring gradient stream reaches of disturbance. Population dynamics. open water habitat (i.e., vegetative Dace Investigations. speckled Warner Valley control). Continue establishment of Sheerer, P., Peterson, dace second, supplementary population. J.T., and Clements, S. 2014. ODFW Progress Report

Fish Millicoma dace Rhinichthys SOC SV X Cool swift streams; cobbles Lack of cobble or gravel habitat. distribution Create and maintain gravel habitats. Distribution and cataractae and gravel for rearing and Limited distribution.. Altered flow Maintain or restore flow and sediment Abundance of Millicoma ssp spawning. regimes (because of culverts, regimes to improve habitat quality. Dace in the Coos Basin, channelization). Altered sediment Maintain or improve riparian Oregon. Sheerer, P., regimes, including changes in conditions, including habitat for Peterson, J.T., and timing of input and ratio of beavers. Clements, S. 2014. ODFW particle size. Progress Report

Fish Goose Lake Catostomus SOC SV X Limited to Goose Lake; appears Restricted distribution creates Distribution. Spawning habitat. Continue to protect known Status and Distribution of sucker occidentalis to be locally abundant vulnerability to random events Population dynamics. populations. Native Fishes in the lacusanserinu (e.g ., reduced flow, increased Goose Lake Basin, s temperature). Passage. Oregon. Paul D. Scheerer, Stephanie L. Gunckel, Michael P. Heck, and Steven E. Jacobs (http://www.bioone.org/ doi/full/10.1898/NWN09- 21.1) Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Shortnose sucker Chasmistes FE SE X Spawn in rivers, streams, or high mortality of larvae and Effects of non-native fish Restore or enhance spawning and Revised Recovery Plan brevirostris springs associated with lake juveniles due to reduced rearing nursery habitat. Reduce negative for the Lost River Sucker habitats; after hatching habitat, entrainment in water impacts of poor water quality and Shortnose Sucker migrate to lakes; need management structures, poor where necessary. Clarify and reduce (Deltistes luxatus and shoreline river and lake water quality and negative the effects of introduced species on all Chasmistes brevirostris) habitats with vegetative interactions with introduced life stages by http://ecos.fws.gov/docs structure during larval and species. Adult populations are conducting and applying scientific /recovery_plan/RRP.LstR juvenile rearing limited by the negligible investigations. Reduce the loss of vrSckr&ShrtnsSckr_1.pdf recruitment to the population, as individuals to entrainment. Establish a well as high levels of stress and redundancy and resiliency mortality associated with severely enhancement program. Increase impaired water quality. As a juvenile survival and recruitment to whole the species are potentially spawning populations. Maintain and limited by the lack of habitat increase the number of recurring, connectivity successful spawning populations

Fish Lost River Sucker Deltistes FE SE X Spawn in rivers, streams, or high mortality of larvae and Effects of non-native fish Restore or enhance spawning and Revised Recovery Plan luxatus springs associated with lake juveniles due to reduced rearing nursery habitat. Reduce negative for the Lost River Sucker habitats; after hatching habitat, entrainment in water impacts of poor water quality and Shortnose Sucker migrate to lakes; need management structures, poor where necessary. Clarify and reduce (Deltistes luxatus and shoreline river and lake water quality and negative the effects of introduced species on all Chasmistes brevirostris) habitats with vegetative interactions with introduced life stages by http://ecos.fws.gov/docs structure during larval and species. Adult populations are conducting and applying scientific /recovery_plan/RRP.LstR juvenile rearing limited by the negligible investigations. Reduce the loss of vrSckr&ShrtnsSckr_1.pdf recruitment to the population, as individuals to entrainment. Establish a well as high levels of stress and redundancy and resiliency mortality associated with severely enhancement program. Increase impaired water quality. As a juvenile survival and recruitment to whole the species are potentially spawning populations. Maintain and limited by the lack of habitat increase the number of recurring, connectivity successful spawning populations Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Modoc Sucker Catostomus FE- SC - X Limited to Goose Lake Basin; Relatively isolated species Distribution. Population biology This species would benefit from IUCN. 2014. The IUCN microps propose propos Thomas Creek. Requires pools vulnerable to random events continued habitat restoration, and Red List of Threatened d for ed and cover for spawning (habitat loss, barriers, water from better information on Species. Version 2014.3. delisting chang habitat. diversions). distribution, abundance, population Available at: e to SV trend, and threats www.iucnredlist.org. for 2015 Moyle, P.B. 2002. Inland fishes of California. Revised and expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.

Moyle, P.B. and Marciochi, A. 1975. Biology of the Modocsucker, Catostomus microps, in northeastern California. Copeia 1975(3): 556-560.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2009. Modoc sucker (Catostomus microps) 5- year review: summary and evaluation. U.S. Fish Fish Warner Sucker Catostomus FT ST X Lakes and low gradient stream Predation by invasive species. Genetics. Long term habitat needs for Maintain or restore spring waters. Recoveryand Wildlife plan Service, is out of warnerensis reaches of Warner Valley. Altered hydrology (low flows). self sustaining populations. Spawning Maintain or restore migration date. 2012 Warner Valley Prefer pool habitat in streams. Lack of connectivity between habitat. corridors among habitats. Increase Fish Investigations- Juvenile stage is vulnerable to streams and lake. stream flows in lower sections of Warner Suckers. predation. tributaries. Restore wetland habitat. Scheerer, P. and Evalaute liklihood of long term Clements, S. 2012. 2014 persistence in the presence of non Warner Sucker natives Investigations (Lower Twentymile Creek). Sheerer, P., Peterson, J.T., and Clements, S. 2014. ODFW Progress Report

Fish Green sturgeon Acipenser Northern SOC SV- X X Anadromous species that Long lived species with low Life history, migration, and diet of sub- Use species-specific habitat NOAA Listing Decision medirostris DPS propos spawns over areas with large productivity and relatively low adults and juveniles. Juvenile habitat requirements to guide management (FRN), Green Sturgeon ed rocks, cobble, and gravels in population size. Limited use and movements in the Rogue River, actions. Recommend recreation Recovery Plan is under chang deep eddies or backflows, and spawning habitat. Predators and subadult/juvenile movements and opportunities that will minimize review by NMFS and e for near the head of pools in fresh include shark and marine habitat use in estuaries and nearshore disturbance. Minimize incidental catch expected to be published 2015 water. Clean, cold water for mammals. Water quality. Recreational impacts. and bycatch in marine fisheries during 2015. proper embryonic Potentially dredging and (nearshore ocean, estuaries, and development. Nearshore ocean/estuarine energy projects. freshwater (Rogue River). Ensure that coastal waters and estuaries Harvest – Incidental catch by development does not occur in habitas Fish Southern FT SC- X X X are also critical habitat. trawl in the ocean, salmon gillnet (space and time) that may result in NOAA Listing Decision DPS propos fisheries in the Columbia, negative impacts to green sturgeon. (FRN), Green Sturgeon ed recreational fisheries in bays, Recovery Plan is under chang estuaries, and freshwater portion review by NMFS and e for of the Rogue River, and poaching. expected to be published 2015 during 2015. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Pit Sculpin Cottus SV- X X Occupies fast-flowing rocky availability of appropriate habitat. population dynamics continue habitat restoration IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red pitensis propos riffles of cool, well-shaded, List of Threatened ed small streams, spring-fed Species (ver. 2013.1). chang creeks, and small boulder- Available at: e for strewn rivers http://www.iucnredlist.o 2015 rg.

Fish Miller Lake Entosphenus SV X Spawn in lakes; also inhabit Altered hydrology and flow Lamprey taxonomy. Species-specific Implement conservation plan adopted Miller lake Lamprey lamprey minima marshes or rivers. Adults are regime. High mortality and habitat requirements. by ODFW in summer 2005, Also: Conservation Plan smaller than late-stage larvae, concentration of eggs in small increased understanding of biology (http://www.dfw.state.or possibly because of difficulty area. will help in identifying habitat .us/fish/CRP/miller_lake_ finding food, yet still can requirements and potential lamprey_plan_complete. spawn. Adults parasitic; conservation actions. Remove barrier asp) potential role of reducing egg on Miller Creek. predators.

Fish Pacific lamprey Entosphenus SOC SV X X X X X X X May aggregate in high Reduced water quality. Passage Status; population delineation; limiting Improve passage. Alter timing of water We are currently (2015) tridentatus densities. Requires fine gravel barriers. Altered flow patterns. factor analysis (includes passage); draw-down. Use species-specific working on a lamprey beds for spawning. Larvae Dredging. Rapid water draw- restoration actions; biology; population habitat requirements to guide conservation plan that burrow in fine sediment. downs. Marine survival. dynamics (prioritized by Lamprey management actions. See results of will include Pacific, Timing of development closely Workgroup in 2005). The marine ecology Lamprey Workgroup 2005 for Western Brook, Pacific linked to water temperature. of the adult feeding lifestage, the effects strategies. Fill data gaps on marine life Brook, and River Adequate food availability of host abundance and oceanic history, indluding migration needs. lamprey. during adult marine feeding productivity on Pacific lamprey Use results to inform water stage of life history. Migration population dynamics management at storage facilities. to oceans may depend on sustained inflow from flooding or snowmelt.

Fish Western Brook Lampetra SV X X X X X May aggregate in high Reduced water quality. Passage Status; population delineation; limiting Improve passage. Alter timing of water We are currently (2015) Lamprey richardsoni densities. Requires fine gravel barriers. Altered flow patterns. factor analysis (includes passage); draw-down. Use species-specific working on a lamprey beds for spawning. Larvae Dredging. Rapid water draw- restoration actions; biology; population habitat requirements to guide conservation plan that burrow in fine sediment. downs. Marine survival. dynamics (prioritized by Lamprey management actions. See results of will include Pacific, Timing of development closely Workgroup in 2005). Lamprey Workgroup 2005 for Western Brook, Pacific linked to water temperature strategies. Brook, and River lamprey. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Western River Lampetra SOC SV- X X X UNK UNK Status; population delineation; limiting UNK We are currently (2015) Lamprey ayresii propos factor analysis (includes passage); working on a lamprey ed restoration actions; biology; population conservation plan that chang dynamics . The distribution is poorly will include Pacific, e for understood-inferred from only a few Western Brook, Pacific 2015 limited records. Brook, and River lamprey.

Fish Eulachon Thaleichthys Southern FT X X X X Spawns primarily in rivers with Marine survival, altered river Life history and population dynamics. Use species-specific habitat NOAA BRT Status Review pacificus DPS significant spring snow melt. flows and bycatch in ocean Diet and migration. Factors affecting requirements to guide management Clean gravel needed for fisheries. marine survival. Movement patterns in actions. Minimize bycatch. spawning and freshet flows to marine waters flush larvae to the estuary and ocean.

Fish Big Skate Raja X Soft seafloor spawning habitat. Low productivity. Medium Population dynamics. Sensitivity and Protect critical habitat. Manage for http://www.pcouncil.org binoculata concern for vulnerability to vulnerability to renewable energy sustainable harvest. Gather /groundfish/fishery- potential overfishing based on development projects. information to fill data gaps. management-plan/ productivity and susceptibility analysis.

Fish Black Rockfish Sebastes X Rocky reefs; semi-pelagic; Periodic recruitment dependent Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Manage for http://www.pcouncil.org melanops estuaries may be important on favorable conditions in a highly monitoring. Larval dispersal patterns, sustainable harvest. Gather /groundfish/fishery- nursery habitat. variable environment. High habitat associations and usage. information to fill data gaps. management-plan/ vulnerability potential for Migration patterns. Genetic variation overfishing based on productivity among stocks. and susceptibility analysis.

Fish Blue Rockfish Sebastes X Rocky reefs; semi-pelagic. Periodic recruitment dependent Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Manage for http://www.pcouncil.org mystinus on favorable conditions in a highly monitoring. Full stock assessment sustainable harvest. Gather /groundfish/fishery- variable environment. High utilizing all available data. Update information to fill data gaps. management-plan/ vulnerability potential for information on this species given the overfishing based on productivity recognition in 2015 that previous and susceptibility analysis. information was gathered from two cryptic species.

Fish Brown Rockfish Sebastes x Rocky reefs Periodic recruitment dependent Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Manage for http://www.pcouncil.org auriculatus on favorable conditions in a highly monitoring. Larval dispersal patterns, sustainable harvest. Gather /groundfish/fishery- variable environment. Medium habitat associations and usage. information to fill data gaps. management-plan/ concern for vulnerability to Migration patterns. Genetic variation potential overfishing based on among stocks. productivity and susceptibility analysis. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Cabezon Scorpaenicht X Rocky reefs. Potential for localized depletion. Reasons for recent low fishery Protect critical habitat. Manage for http://www.pcouncil.org hys Population status is currently commercial catch rates. Fishery sustainable harvest. Gather /groundfish/fishery- marmoratus healthy, although declining. independent population monitoring. information to fill data gaps. management-plan/

Fish Canary rockfish Sebastes X Rocky reefs, semi-pelagic Federally designated as an The importance of juvenile life-stage Maintain conservative management http://www.pcouncil.org pinniger species; juveniles recruit to overfished species. Periodic nearshore habitat associations. strategy to rebuild populations. /groundfish/fishery- nearshore areas. recruitment dependent on Protect critical habitat. Gather management-plan/ favorable conditions in a highly information to fill data gaps. variable environment. Low productivity. Fishery bycatch.

Fish rockfish Sebastes X Rocky reefs. Periodic recruitment dependent Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Manage for http://www.pcouncil.org nebulosus on favorable conditions in a highly monitoring. Early life history and sustainable harvest. Gather /groundfish/fishery- variable environment. Low population status. Challenges with information to fill data gaps. management-plan/ productivity. Major concern for species-specific aging methodology. Full vulnerability to potential age structured stock assessment with overfishing based on productivity examination of stock structure along the and susceptibility analysis. west coast.

Fish Copper rockfish Sebastes X Rocky reefs. Estuaries may be Periodic recruitment based on Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Manage for http://www.pcouncil.org caurinus important nursery habitat. favorable conditions in a highly monitoring. Population abundance and sustainable harvest. Gather /groundfish/fishery- variable environment. Low stock delineation coast wide. information to fill data gaps. management-plan/ productivity. Major concern for vulnerability to potential overfishing based on productivity and susceptibility analysis.

Fish Deacon rockfish Sebastes X Rocky reefs; semi-pelagic. Periodic recruitment dependent Population status, trends, and stock Protect critical habitat. Incorporate Frable et al. 2015 diaconus on favorable conditions in a highly delineation. Fishery independent new species into fishery management. http://fishbull.noaa.gov/ variable environment. Likely high population monitoring. Formally Manage for sustainable harvest. 1134/frable.pdf vulnerability potential for recognized as a species different from Gather information to fill data gaps. overfishing based on productivity blue rockfish in 2015 so previous and susceptibility analysis for biological information is likely from similar species. sampling of both deacon rockfish and blue rockfish. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Grass rockfish Sebastes X Shallowest distribution of Periodic recruitment dependent Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Gather http://www.pcouncil.org rastrelliger rockfish species, rocky reefs. of favorable conditions in a highly monitoring. Population status. information to fill data gaps. Manage /groundfish/fishery- variable environment. Low for sustainable harvest. management-plan/ productivity. Medium concern for potential overfishing based on productivity and susceptibility analysis. Central Oregon is northern extent of range.

Fish Kelp greenling Hexagrammo X Rocky reefs with suitable None identified. Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Gather http://www.pcouncil.org s encrusting substrate for egg monitoring. Current population information to fill data gaps. Manage /groundfish/fishery- decagrammu deposition. abundance. Shoreline and estuary for sustainable harvest. management-plan/ s harvest levels.

Fish Ophiodon X Rocky reefs, areas with Habitat for egg deposition and Shoreline and estuary harvest levels. Protect critical habitat. Gather http://www.pcouncil.org elongatus currents and adequate development. Juvenile survival. Factors affecting recruitment. information to fill data gaps. Manage /groundfish/fishery- dissolved oxygen for egg Alternative methods to trawls for fishery for sustainable harvest. management-plan/ deposition and development. independent population monitoring. Potential biases in aging.

Fish Longfin smelt Spirinchus X Anadromous fish that utilizes Suitable habitat. Population status and trends. Potential Protect critical habitat. Monitor http://www.pcouncil.org thaleicthys estuaries and coastal waters for entrainment in offshore or estuarine populations at index sites. Gather /ecosystem-based- but spawns in freshwater energy development projects. information to fill data gaps. Utilize management/amendmen rivers. Life cycle requires adaptive management practices based t1/ estuarine conditions. Only on findings. Federal and state forage known to occur in waters near fish fishery management plan Columbia River, Yaquina Bay, and Coos Bay in Oregon and those estuaries and rivers.

Fish Northern anchovy Engraulis X Pelagic forage fish commonly Subject to large population Northern subpopulation abundance and Protect critical habitat. Gather http://www.pcouncil.org mordax found in nearshore waters and fluctuations. status. Mechanisms driving population information to fill data gaps. Manage /coastal-pelagic- estuaries. fluctuations. for sustainable harvest. species/fishery- management-plan-and- amendments/

Fish Pacific herring Clupea X Estuary spawning habitat. Specialized spawning habitat Population status. Growth information. Continue research efforts and monitor pallasii requirements. Mechanisms driving population populations. Manage for sustainable fluctuations. harvest. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Pacific sand lance Ammodytes X Sandy or fine gravel substrates Suitable spawning habitat, Population status and trends. Protect critical habitat. Monitor hexapterus in intertidal and shallow favorable food resources Mechanisms driving population population abundance at index sites. subtidal areas. associated with ocean fluctuations. Federal and state forage fish fishery productivity. management plan

Fish Pile perch Rhacochilus X Rocky shores; around kelp, Low productivity. Population abundance and status. Protect critical habitat. Gather vacca pilings and underwater Unknown habitat associations for some information to fill data gaps. structures. Estuaries may be life history stages. Shoreline and estuary important spawning areas. harvest levels.

Fish Quillback rockfish Sebastes X Rocky reefs. Periodic recruitment dependent Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Gather http://www.pcouncil.org maliger on favorable conditions in a highly monitoring. Population abundance and information to fill data gaps. Manage /groundfish/fishery- variable environment. Low status. for sustainable harvest. management-plan/ productivity. Major concern for vulnerability to potential overfishing based on productivity and susceptibility analysis.

Fish Redtail surfperch Amphistichus X Estuaries and sandy surfzone. Low productivity. Population status. Unknown habitat Protect critical habitat. Gather rhodoterus associations for some life history stages. information to fill data gaps. Manage for sustainable harvest.

Fish Rock greenling X Subtidal algal beds and rocky None identified. Life-history information (age, growth Protect critical habitat. Gather Hexagrammo reefs during spawning and reproductive patterns) and information to fill data gaps. s population status. Fishery independent lagocephalus surveys. Shoreline and estuary harvest levels.

Fish Shiner perch Cymatogaster X Shallow, nearshore spawning Low productivity. Population status. Habitat associations Protect critical habitat. Gather aggregata habitat. among all life stages. information to fill data gaps

Fish Spiny dogfish Squalus X Juveniles often feed in Low productivity with late female Migration patterns. Sensitivity and Manage for sustainable harvest. http://www.pcouncil.org acanthias nearshore waters. maturity and low fecundity. High vulnerability to renewable energy Gather information to fill data gaps. /groundfish/fishery- concern for vulnerability to developments. management-plan/ overfishing based on productivity and susceptibility analysis.

Fish Starry flounder Platichthys X Juveniles found in nearshore Healthy stock status, but declining Possible localized depletion. Reasons for Protect critical habitat. Gather http://www.pcouncil.org stellatus fresh or brackish waters, or Northern stock populations. population declines in estuaries. information to fill data gaps. /groundfish/fishery- soft, shallow coastal management-plan/ substrates. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Striped perch Embiotoca X Shallow water rocky habitat. Low productivity. Population status. Shore and estuary Protect critical habitat. Gather lateralis harvest levels. Climatic impacts on information to fill data gaps. species distribution.

Fish Surf smelt Hypomesus X Intertidal spawning habitat on Localized population ranges and Population abundance in Oregon Federal and state forage fish fishery pretiosus beaches. spawning habitat. unknown. management plan.

Fish Tiger rockfish Sebastes X Rocky reefs. Periodic recruitment dependent Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Gather http://www.pcouncil.org nigrocinctus on favorable conditions in a highly monitoring. Population abundance and information to fill data gaps. Manage /groundfish/fishery- variable environment. Low status. for sustainable harvest. management-plan/ productivity. Major concern for vulnerability to potential overfishing based on productivity and susceptibility analysis.

Fish Topsmelt Atherinops X Specialized spawning habitat in Vulnerable spawning habitat. Migratory patterns. Federal and state forage fish fishery http://www.pcouncil.org affinis shallow waters with vegetation management plan /ecosystem-based- for eggs to adhere to. management/amendmen t1/

Fish Vermilion rockfish Sebastes X Rocky reefs. Periodic recruitment dependent Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Gather http://www.pcouncil.org miniatus on favorable conditions in a highly monitoring. Population abundance and information to fill data gaps. Manage /groundfish/fishery- variable environment. Low status. Life stage habitat associations for sustainable harvest. management-plan/ productivity. Major concern for Connectivity between OR/CA vulnerability to potential populations. overfishing based on productivity and susceptibility analysis.

Fish White sturgeon Acipenser X Nearshore coastal waters and Long lived species with low Life history, migration, and diet of sub- Use species-specific habitat transmontan estuaries are essential habitat. productivity and relatively low adults and juveniles. Movements and requirements to guide management us population size. Predators habitat use in estuaries and nearshore. actions. Minimize incidental catch and include shark and marine Relative importance of recreational bycatch in fisheries (nearshore ocean, mammals. Potentially dredging fisheries impacts to non-fisheries estuaries, and freshwater). Ensure and ocean/estuarine energy impacts. that development does not occur in projects. Harvest – Incidental habitats (space and time) that may catch by trawl in the ocean, result in negative impacts. salmon gillnet fisheries in the Columbia River, recreational fisheries in bays and estuaries.

Fish Wolf- Anarrhichthys X Benthic, rocky, subtidal habitat Thought to pair for life. Population abundance and status. Protect critical habitat. Gather ocellatus for adult/reproductive life information to fill data gaps. history phase. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Fish Yelloweye Sebastes X Rocky reefs. Periodic recruitment dependent Fishery independent population Protect critical habitat. Gather http://www.pcouncil.org rockfish ruberrimus on favorable conditions in a highly monitoring. Population abundance in information to fill data gaps. Reduce /groundfish/fishery- variable environment. Low relation to management measures. The bycatch mortality through use of management-plan/ productivity. Major concern for importance of juvenile life-stage descending devices. vulnerability to potential nearshore habitat associations. overfishing based on productivity and susceptibility analysis.

Fish Yellowtail rockfish Sebastes X Pelagic species. Juveniles Periodic recruitment dependent The importance of juvenile life-stage Gather information to fill data gaps. http://www.pcouncil.org flavidus recruit to nearshore waters, on favorable conditions in a highly nearshore habitat associations. Manage for sustainable harvest. /groundfish/fishery- and occasionally estuaries. variable environment. Low management-plan/ productivity. Medium concern for vulnerability to potential overfishing based on productivity and susceptibility analysis.

Plant Applegate's Astragalus E X Flat, open, seasonally moist Narrow distribution (endemic to Population dynamics and minimum Continue to implement actions https://data.oregon.gov/vi milkvetch applegatei floodplain alkaline grasslands. Klamath Basin in Oregon). population size for long-term viability. identified in Recovery Plan, including ews/8s3k- Historically, habitat included Currently, 3 populations and low Genetic studies. Affects of burning and managing and monitoring known sites. ygh2/files/C5AxIqR0dEJ sparse, native bunch grasses numbers make this species other management techniques. Soil Evaluate establishing new populations m8TGoGeE_O5yv2Mv_Z and patches of bare soil. vulnerable to random events. ecology. Extent and impacts of in suitable habitat. YbUgNduEZSaOsM Habitat loss due to agriculture and herbivory. urban development. Alteration of hydrology. Invasive plants. Low reproduction.

Plant Arrow-leaf Thelypodium T X Occurs with western juniper at Endemic species (near tributaries Additional inventories to determine Minimize grazing at priority sites. https://data.oregon.gov/vi thelypody eucosmum streambanks, seasonally moist of John Day River). Palatable to population size and distribution. Study Collect and store seeds. ews/8s3k- areas, seeps, and under cattle and sensitive to grazing soil moisture relationships. Germination ygh2/files/obG49ZY88z4p isolated western juniper trees pressure and propagation requirements. dkc- away from obvious moisture T1JWlQXNEGEVzXeSn5 KPY2Uhu0c

Plant Big-flowered Limnanthes E X Edges of vernal pools at Destruction of vernal pool habitat, Seed germination protocol, pollination Continued population monitoring. https://data.oregon.gov/vi wooly pumila ssp. elevations of about 1230 – industrial and residential studies, cultivation protocol, Maintain current populations and ews/8s3k- meadowfoam Grandiflora 1300 ft, in Agate desert region. development, agricultural transplanting/introduction protocol restore vernal pool habitat at priority ygh2/files/P6DPlCO5huijz Soils are shallow, Agate- conversion, grazing and sites, including Denman Wildlife _OLdLuFJXwcs4QzbkeM Winlow, and vegetation is competition with invasive plants Management Area Ac-BH9ArIzQ sparse, with few tries. Overall topography of area is mound- swale, with underlying impervious layer that traps winter rains

Plant Boggs Lake Gratiola T X Semi-aquatic habitats, in mud Potentially disturbed by grazing Study impacts of cattle grazing. Only known Oregon population on https://data.oregon.gov/vi hedge hyssop heterosepala or damp soil at the edge of Determine propagation and BLM habitat. Monitor existing ews/8s3k- lakes, at around 5575 ft reintroduction protocol. populations. Survey for suitable habitat ygh2/files/VCWO_UbIxO altitude, surrounded by for the establishment of new qrb2GcBA6SoFQFnXJxU sagebrush flats populations w4oRRf0zgi5VQk Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant Bradshaw's desert Lomatium E X Wet prairies, near banks of Habitat loss, degradation due to Reproductive biology studies, seed bank Continue implementing actions in https://data.oregon.gov/vi parsley bradshawii creeks or small rivers, with lack of fire and competition from formation studies, may benefit from light Recovery Plan. Locate protected sites ews/8s3k- shallow, poorly drained clay invasive plants, overspray of grazing which reduces competition from with suitable habitat for introduction on ygh2/files/tMVEiEQ3FN6 soils herbicides other plants – determine grazing regimes east side of Willamette Valley. D- that maintain populations Maintain or restore grass-dominated Qn7cKjDfxL_jXoOdLHC habitats; maintain or restore hydrology; Mq-3UdU2ojk control key invasive plants; use mowing or prescribed fire to control brush and trees; maintain populations in roadsides and ditches

Plant Cascade Head Silene T X Grassy meadow and rocky Very restricted distribution, few Methods to reduce leaf litter Manage recreation at known sites to https://data.oregon.gov/vi catchfly douglasii var. outcrops adjacent to Pacific populations, and small population accumulations. Propagation and prevent trampling. Maintain open ews/8s3k- oraria Ocean size. Habitat loss and reintroduction methods. habitats by removing encroaching ygh2/files/2oUtjOgNLqvX fragmentation due to shrubs pVflhseWmeFpju3DDacl development. Invasive plants. 561BOo3UF30 Recreational use of sites. Herbivory.

Plant Cook's desert Lomatium E X Jackson Co: vernal pools in Habitat loss and degradation, Seed production, breeding system Maintain current populations and https://data.oregon.gov/vi parsley cookii Agate Desert which range from conversion to agriculture, studies, transplanting and/or introduction restore vernal pool habitat at priority ews/8s3k- 3-100 ft across and are no livestock grazing, residential protocol sites, including Denman Wildlife ygh2/files/5FktPL1OMR4 more than 12 in deep. development, road and powerline Management Area. Manage road _t97Z6ZbL2gjv2BJ1q6ha Josephine Co: seasonally wet right-of-way maintenance such as construction and maintenance projects cOMe3enTH2Q grassy meadows on alluvial herbicide spraying, off-road to avoid impacts to hydrology in and floodplains in the Illinois vehicle use, invasive plants, around known populations. Valley, with underlying soil mining, fire suppression resulting forming clay pan in shrub

Plant Coast Range Erythronium T X Open meadows, brushland, Restricted distribution (endemic to Distribution and microhabitat Survey for new sites in potential https://data.oregon.gov/vi fawn lily elegans rocky cliffs, open to closed Oregon’s Coast Range); only 5 requirements. Historic distribution (e.g., habitat. Continue efforts to protect ews/8s3k- coniferous forests, edges of known populations. Plant have populations declined or always known sites and monitor populations. ygh2/files/2N2bgVSHH3u sphagnum bogs. collection. Herbivory. Fungal been rare?). Population genetics. Collect and store seeds. Consider re- mIO4Lez3RMVXA5ZKhT infection (Douglas fir blight). introductions. VLjl0nWnkGtLuQ Impacts to habitat from logging

Plant Crinite mariposa Calochortus E X In meadow, leaf litter and moss Bulb collection and flower picking, Propagation and transplantation Survey for potential habitat for the https://data.oregon.gov/vi lily coxii habitats between 1375 -3000 grazing, seed predation, fire protocol, reproductive biology studies to establishment of new populations, long- ews/8s3k- foot elevation. Serpentine suppression determine causes of low fecundity, term monitoring of known populations, ygh2/files/UQvJBxpiKL11 soils in transition zones research soil/microsite mechanism manage grazing and recreational p0DNZ_A56Ovgs7lNg8C between coniferous forests and causing endemism to serpentine soils activity in sensitive areas GfiPsxM-PlYc grass-shrub meadows Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant Cronquist's Hackelia T X Sandy sagebrush slopes, Limited distribution; grazing, Study of impacts of light grazing, which Continue to implement Habitat https://data.oregon.gov/vi stickseed cronquistii sometimes on moist slopes of herbicide and insecticide use; may open up sagebrush and create Management Plan on public (BLM) ews/8s3k- ravines, elevations between agricultural development; invasive suitable habitat or may be damaging. land (manage recreational access, ygh2/files/jTQ1UKVTovXr 2060-2460 ft plant and crop seeding Propagation and transplant protocols. herbicide use, grazing, and insecticide rjAxrwVrL8tRv1GEb6WX competition; unregulated off-road Survey for additional populations. use during flowering periods to pGwqBhfi-h4 vehicle and equestrian use maintain populations).

Plant Crosby's Eriogonum T X Rolling hills dominated by big Cattle grazing, range Propagation and transplanting protocol, Limit rangeland projects within its https://data.oregon.gov/vi buckwheat crosbyae sagebrush, on light colored improvement projects, off-road reproductive biology including pollinator habitat, prevent off-road vehicle traffic, ews/8s3k- tuffaceous, sedimentary vehicle traffic, mining studies, genetic analysis conduct long-term monitoring to detect ygh2/files/juN6csDCaQqJ sandstone, elevation 5450- seed production trends, collect and Crh1HpkSfK7tNVUIwrgfH 5540 ft. store seeds lPSab8AqzE

Plant Cusick's lupine Lupinus E X Loose, rocky soils, barren ash Narrow distribution (Baker Co. Factors affecting plant reproduction and Survey likely habitat for additional https://data.oregon.gov/vi lepidus var. deposits and ); vulnerable to population density populations. Manage grazing and off- ews/8s3k- cusickii uncontrolled off-highway vehicle highway vehicle use at known sites. ygh2/files/kKy0nuBGrLcd use and livestock grazing zmpzpGlthmcR_Ju0VCcJ xKKsfYtuRZU

Plant Davis' Lepidium T X Hard, white clayey playas, Offroad vehicles and trampling Reproductive biology, life history Fence populations on public land to https://data.oregon.gov/vi peppergrass davisii poorly drained and often due use of habitat as watering information, analysis of differences reduce impacts from off-road vehicles ews/8s3k- inundated with standing water. sites for feral and domestic between isolated populations (observed and grazing ygh2/files/hmayL-y- Elevation from 3100-5575 ft livestock. morphological differences), Propagation pvo6_gLz98NSmZ3JiV9c and transplanting protocol bPNUlPAEzkca8lc

Plant Dwarf Limnanthes T X Ancient basalt laval flows on Limited habitat, trail construction Seed germination protocol, pollination Minimize impacts from trail https://data.oregon.gov/vi meadowfoam pumila ssp. Upper and Lower Table Rocks and maintenance studies, cultivation protocol, construction and maintenance. ews/8s3k- Pumila in Jackson County, above transplanting/ introduction protocol Continue population monitoring. Note: ygh2/files/WYbn24P_n4V 1950 ft. Grows along edges of plant occurs only on federal land Cs0kV8N0XCIIXHDmcaM deep vernal pools. KgtR_2TVpRgbQ

Plant Gentner's fritillary Fritillaria E X Variable: woodlands dominated Loss of habitat and habitat Seed germination studies. Complete Minimize impacts from road https://data.oregon.gov/vi gentneri by Oregon white oak, moist degradation due to invasive plant chromosome counts to clarify maintenance and construction on ews/8s3k- riparian areas, Douglas-fir infestations, road construction, mechanism causing observed sterility. existing roadside populations. ygh2/files/hOVGNQbJRC forests, serpentine sites. Most agricultural disturbances, urban Complete pollen viability tests. Cross Continue monitoring existing tHrQXQkpD8uHaJbEqy7 likely to be found in ecotones development, grazing, off-road pollination studies between F. recurva populations Es8kynNNs9PeVU between forested sites and vehicle use, trail maintenance and F. affinis (putative parents of F. more open habitat, in open gentneri ). Pollinator visitation studies. canopied forest, in permanent Molecular studies of population structure openings in the forest, and in large riparian zones with canopy gaps or deciduous tree canopies

Plant Golden Eriogonum T X Exposed, rocky ridges at mid Narrow distribution (endemic to a Population status; factors limiting Monitor existing populations https://data.oregon.gov/vi buckwheat chrysops elevations small area in Malheur County); population distribution and size; ews/8s3k- small population size, quarry population surveys ygh2/files/C315K72oWed mining UuYjyWB12NxAzzbIcw- YZLkAnM1oOa84 Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant Golden paintbrush Castilleja E X Low elevations open prairies Habitat loss due to urbanization, Breeding system and pollination studies, Survey potential habitat for https://data.oregon.gov/vi levisecta with moist winter soil (but no commercial and agricultural response to fire, long-term demographic populations, continue experimental ews/8s3k- standing water); often on development; encroachment of monitoring reintroduction. Note: thought to be ygh2/files/Nm8k7wyRa5r gravelly glacial outwash or native species as result of fire extirpated from Oregon. zzHO5DnWEYR5XBsN- outcrops of clayey glacio- suppression; non-native invasive 8ku243TKb6pO2js lacustrine sediment weed competition; trampling by recreationists; herbivory (deer, rabbits

Plant Greenman's Lomatium T X Subalpine grasslands on rocky Naturally rare – localized endemic Reproductive and pollination biology Construction of pathways has reduced https://data.oregon.gov/vi desert parsley greenmanii sedmentary/ basalt soils with four known occurrences on studies; determine seed germination, impacts: continue to manage ews/8s3k- three mountain peaks in the propagation and transplantation recreational use to minimize trampling. ygh2/files/Y71NyuNSxV3 Wallowa Mountains; one site is protocols; study impacts of grazing and 6wqcElHr1WMPRotbLVlF near a nature trail that is other potential disturbances. ATI-yfB34cMs accessible by aerial tram so is vulnerable to unintentional trampling

Plant Grimy ivesia Ivesia rhypara E X Ash deposits, on widely Mining (grows on potential gold- Size of 4 Oregon populations, effects of Survey for suitable habitat for https://data.oregon.gov/vi var. rhypara scattered outcrops of welded bearing deposits), off-road low precipitation on reproduction and establishment of new populations, limit ews/8s3k- ash tuff, roots in shallow vehicles, grazing survival, transplantation protocol insecticide spraying while plants are in ygh2/files/uTUX2YVXrA5 weathered surface soil and bloom, monitor populations to assess vfi-nB4zLhetT_- cracks in underlying bedrock population trends, fence populations qRDu6UrhwioMGofsc on public land to prevent cattle trampling

Plant Howell's mariposa Calochortus T X Serpentine outcrops at lower to Mining, horticultural collecting, Develop propagation and transplanting Manage grazing in areas known to https://data.oregon.gov/vi lily howellii middle elevations, often on grazing protocol, research soil/microsite contain populations of this species, ews/8s3k- brush covered slopes or in mechanism causing endemism to minimize impacts from mining ygh2/files/2I3U72gURXzq scattered woods serpentine soils 7Kf7pfBQXXWw3XLY1c DyC48qWJ_delg

Plant Howell's Microseris T X Slopes or flat ground with Grazing, prospecting and nickel Reproductive biology, pollination studies, Minimize impacts from mining https://data.oregon.gov/vi microseris howellii varying exposures, in rocky strip mining, excavation at gravel genetic analysis, propagation and ews/8s3k- serpentine soils at about 1150 - quarry transplanting protocol ygh2/files/WGlAXj2zOst2 3500 ft Cr00bRZiF8rxUDRMuI1J Thk0wEKgG8Y

Plant Howell's Thelypodium E X low elevation (3,000 to 3,300 Narrow distribution (endemic Well inventoried, but taxonomic Locate protected sites with potential https://data.oregon.gov/vi spectacular howellii ssp. ft) river valleys and moist species to Baker-Powder relationships need to be clarified. Seed habitat. Minimize grazing and mowing ews/8s3k- thelypody spectabilis (often alkaline) plains; occurs drainage). Competition from germination and propagation protocol. during growing season at priority sites. ygh2/files/OX6LZ_MGr1U at edge between black invasive plants; habitat loss and Seed generation methods. Life history, Control key invasive plants. Continue J8P6Z35c6ysOlWF6sW_ greasewood and riparian fragmentation due to habitat growth requirements, and general voluntary cooperative efforts with hREgysxmNg5us habitats; may be dependent on conversion; changes in ecology private landowners. Create new seasonal flooding hydrology; sensitive to grazing populations. Collect and store seeds pressure; mowing during growing season Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant Howellia Howellia T X Low elevation shaded riparian Habitat loss due to agricultural Determine propagation and transplant Maintain or restore seasonal wetland https://data.oregon.gov/vi aquatilis vernal pools and urban development, changes protocol, long-term population habitats, control invasive plants at ews/8s3k- in wetland hydrology, invasive demographic studies, seed viability and priority sites, survey for additional ygh2/files/BK3dW671wLe plants (reed canary grass, purple distribution mechanism studies, seed populations. Recovery plan identifies mSbGsAdmgkGveB5A1d loosestrife), aquatic vegetation bank studies, methods for storing viable additional conservation actions SLg2tms6sXlBpQ succession seeds

Plant Kincaid's lupine Lupinus T X X Seasonally wet native prairies Habitat loss due to urbanization Causes for low seed production at higher Restore prairie habitat using site- https://data.oregon.gov/vi oreganus and agriculture; invasive plants; elevation sites. Investigate potential appropriate tools (e.g., burning, ews/8s3k- elimination of disturbance regimes mechanical removal of encroaching ygh2/files/so_dVz0YRQv (flooding, fire) which maintain vegetation). Develop seed production 1GFwW- prairies; inbreeding depression fields for each recovery zone. Long- LTwZIjYFAtVN45qMSd3 due to small populations; road term demographic monitoring. Survey CfwBl24 construction and maintenance for new populations Limit impacts from affects remnant habitats road construction/ maintenance activities at known sites

Plant Large-flowered Hastingsia T X Bogs, moist open meadows, Severely affected by cattle Germination studies, propagation and Maintain California pitcher-plant bogs, https://data.oregon.gov/vi rush lily bracteosa seeps and wetlands often grazing. Also impacts from transplantation protocol which provide habitat for many rare ews/8s3k- overlying serpentine or mining, water diversion from species. Minimize water withdrawals ygh2/files/RmL8dhCAu77 peridotite rock formations. bogs, off-road vehicle use, land from bog sites. Carefully manage or j-xVpHK- Open areas generally below development eliminate grazing at known population gbT9tEboyKPH8YojneRq 780 ft, often with gentle slope sites, collect/store seeds (including zwU8 seeds from both white and purple flowers)

Plant Lawrence's Astragalus T X Deep loess soils in Palouse Habitat loss (agriculture Reproductive biology studies, pollinator Work cooperatively with landowners to https://data.oregon.gov/vi milkvetch collinus var. grasslands conversion); narrow distribution studies, development of seed maintain priority sites; control invasive ews/8s3k- laurentii (endemic to western Umatilla and germination, propagation and transplant plants ygh2/files/5UKmBHDH1rt Morrow counties); grazing; protocols mixAseygoSsCPacNy7iB herbicide use; road construction; H73UsY8HC5Bk invasive plants (primarily knapweeds)

Plant Macfarlane's four Mirabilis E X Warm, dry, open canyon Narrow distribution (Hell’s Canyon Development of seed germination, Actions implemented through the https://data.oregon.gov/vi o'clock macfarlanei slopes. Soils are sandy or and northwestern Idaho). propagation and transplant protocols; Recovery Plan (1985) contributed to ews/8s3k- rocky and are often unstable. Potential inbreeding depression. pollination studies, investigate extent of improved species status and ygh2/files/V3MHF_j12kU Primary limiting factor is invasive seed bank. Determine if inbreeding downlisting from Endangered to ZQDjwR5etMQ8OhEBkQ plants, but other impacts occur depression is a limiting factor Threatened in 1996. Continue J2pfjTwuglrTBU from off-highway vehicle use, implementing actions specified in construction and maintenance of Recovery Plan and continued roads and trails, mining, and monitoring at permanent plots herbicide drift. Historically, uncontrolled livestock grazing degraded habitats but is no longer a limiting factor for this species. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant Malheur Valley Amsinckia T X Yellowish talus slopes and Mining, grazing and range Analyze the genetic variability within and Only found on federal property. https://data.oregon.gov/vi fiddleneck carinata gravel accumulations at improvements, agricultural among populations, study the extent of Continue to manage existing ews/8s3k- elevations of about 980 ft. development, hybridization and hybridization populations. ygh2/files/v000nJ0uWB- competition with A. tessellata p6TrcDw- c6UsPiPp_ndoP5v14dKE kucc

Plant Malheur wire- Stephanomeri E X Eastern Oregon sagebrush Competition from invasive plants, Soil seed bank survivorship studies to Only known site on BLM protected https://data.oregon.gov/vi lettuce a steppe, tops of broad hills including cheatgrass. Small determine length of time seeds remain land. Survey for suitable habitat for ews/8s3k- malheurensis zabove surrounding flats, population size puts species at viable (in soil and in storage) reintroduction efforts. Establish ygh2/files/7pEF3_MnG3b volcanic tuff layered with thin risk of extirpation due to random additional populations. Continue to _pdJg_UYPSIEx6lacZp8 crusts of limestone events. Herbivory. Soil minimize mining activity near 534Ci4w-iva4 compaction by researchers. populations. Continue banking seeds for future needs

Plant Mulford's Astragalus E X Shrub-steppe and desert shrub Habitat degradation, urban Pollination mechanism, genetic studies Monitoring of populations, Collect and https://data.oregon.gov/vi milkvetch mulfordiae communities in semi-arid cold- development, livestock grazing of different populations (which respond store seeds from across range. Survey ews/8s3k- desert region of southeastern and trampling, fires leading to differently to disturbance), grazing for suitable protected habitat. ygh2/files/SSBWnv0e6hA Oregon. On moderately steep invasion of cheatgrass, off-road impact studies, propagation and Establish new populations B5J-J3dYOR- to steep southeast, south and vehicle use, invasive weeds, reintroduction protocols f4Ntd8y2Q25eZ8GBpiq8 southwest facing slopes herbicide drift from invasive weed A consisting of old river deposits, control, loss of pollinators due to sandy areas near rivers, sandy insecticide spraying, road bluffs, and dune-like talus. development and maintenance, Elevation 2100-3200 ft population fragmentation and isolation leading to inbreeding depression, mining

Plant Nelson's Sidalcea T X X Wet and dry prairies, wetlands, Habitat loss due to conversion, Additional research on ecology of seed- Maintain or restore grass-dominated https://data.oregon.gov/vi checkermallow nelsoniana edges of woodlands, riparian habitat degradation due to lack of predating weevils. Seed germination habitats; maintain or restore hydrology; ews/8s3k- areas and remnant populations fire and competition from invasive studies. Genetic diversity control key invasive plants; use ygh2/files/o4p0i21YUreM occur in roadsides and ditches plants, overspray of herbicides. mowing or prescribed fire to control O_xUDhyO4nXD4fSPzZ Seed predation by weevils brush and trees; maintain populations we6P1SluYFZv0 in roadsides and ditches

Plant Northern Artemisia E X X Historically known from banks Habitat destruction due to Reproductive biology studies; pollinator Survey likely habitat for populations, https://data.oregon.gov/vi wormwood campestris of Columbia River; found with highway construction, dam-related studies; demographic studies; reintroduce populations to suitable ews/8s3k- var. shrub-steppe vegetation, on and other development, and development of seed germination, habitat ygh2/files/7cYL7tS5r5W wormskioldii basalt, compacted cobble and floods propagation and transplantation mLtXIB6dftJWkABt0clhY sandy substrates protocols p3HhrviGthM

Plant Oregon Pleuropogon T X X Moist meadows and Naturally rare with disjunct May benefit from light grazing regimes Manage grazing at known populations. https://data.oregon.gov/vi semaphore grass oregonus marshland, often comprised of populations; palatable to cows and that reduce thatch: develop grazing Collect and store seed. Currently ews/8s3k- gravelly silt loam or clay soil vulnerable to grazing due to regimes that are compatible with being introduced into suitable habitat ygh2/files/OniKJDxqYdH inundated by slow-moving shallow roots; loss of habitat due maintaining populations. Develop on public land. PSpPQ5q3Z-EY- water; around 2450-3950 ft to drainage for agricultural use; transplanting protocol. Z7_S78E31iFc-Gyk4z0 elevation naturally low reproductive capability Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant Owyhee clover Trifolium E X Endemic to Owyhee Uplands, Invasive weeds, ground Germination and cultivation protocols Mitigate range projects which are https://data.oregon.gov/vi owyheense barren slopes or mounds disturbance by livestock, potential (investigation of required soil symbionts), potentially damaging to the species, ews/8s3k- composed of talus and loose habitat loss from development of seed collection focusing on capturing minimize ash and gravel excavation in ygh2/files/uU__VQQYBX soils derived from mining claims, spraying and potential genetic diversity, sensitive areas, manage recreational xD4Nh6uGFJ_Li8oepchw tuffaceaus/ashy parent seeding associated with rangeland transplantation protocol activity in sensitive areas cDujk8GiYQkOk material improvements, road construction, off-road vehicle traffic

Plant Packard's Mentzelia T X Volcanic ash high in Mining, recreational activity Common garden studies/genetic Minimize road construction into side https://data.oregon.gov/vi mentzelia packardiae potassium, grows on loose disturbance, off-road vehicle use, investigation of between population canyons and mining activity near ews/8s3k- slopes at altitudes of about road construction utilizing ash variation, size/longevity of seed bank, populations. Minimize pesticide ygh2/files/kUfGwMh0cok 2950-5250 ft. substrate collect/store seeds at Berry Botanic spraying along local roadways before YWeUzzt-JH5KA0- Garden, propagation and transplantation and during blooming period (threat to LZV1QgsU_0t5ZbbJ8 protocol pollinators). Monitor populations annually

Plant Peacock larkspur Delphinium E X Slightly higher and drier Narrow distribution (endemic to Reproductive biology studies, pollinator Maintain or restore grass-dominated https://data.oregon.gov/vi pavonaceum microhabitats within wet Willamette Valley), habitat loss, studies, hybridization studies, habitats; maintain or restore hydrology; ews/8s3k- prairies, shady edges of degradation due to lack of fire and germination requirements, propagation control key invasive plants; use ygh2/files/FzkbtZ8oal8llo Oregon ash and Oregon oak competition from invasive plants, and transplanting protocols mowing or prescribed fire to control mwhy7lIE6yQEQFA2u8_ woodlands overspray of herbicides brush and trees; maintain populations BD6voCCgNQ in roadsides and ditches; collect and store seeds

Plant Peck's milkvetch Astragalus T X X Prefers open habitat, although Limited to Deschutes and Klamath Pollinator biology studies, plant response Determine and protect known sites of https://data.oregon.gov/vi peckii associated with pine, juniper or County; small number of to disturbances. occurrence ews/8s3k- bitterbrush communities; sandy populations; illegal off-road ygh2/files/Tbzaiw- soils; 3,000-5000 ft elevation vehicle use dwq1ksX7PLeWdKeSQh 264mKDU0WwqjI-fRYU

Plant Pink sandverbena Abronia E X Open, sandy habitats (dunes Narrow habitat requirements. Methods to recruit new plants to Continue efforts to control European https://data.oregon.gov/vi umbellata var. and beaches); ephemeral sites Habitat loss due to European populations in the wild. beachgrass and manage off-highway ews/8s3k- breviflora created by storms. beachgrass invasion. Impacts to vehicle use at known sites. Continue ygh2/files/uW4fAt5ZWVH habitat and populations from off- to monitor populations. ZLbGbj28xN8O2DEkBB0 highway vehicles. Winter storms uKW1HKH4j_aAg destroy populations, but also create new habitat and disperse seeds.

Plant Pumice grape- Botrychium T X Open, flat, high elevation Small size makes vulnerable to Identify protected populations (work in Avoid disturbing ground at known sites https://data.oregon.gov/vi fern pumicola ridgetops to gently rolling trampling. Affected by fire progress by interdisciplinary scientific unless activities specifically designed ews/8s3k- slopes with rocky or coarse suppression (closing canopies); team). Does Newberry pumice plume to maintain or enhance populations ygh2/files/z5LC4Wpt7jud pumice soils. Clumpy timber harvest that compacts soil. represent a special habitat? Note ROVgqrZyzFH_mAxf4kk distribution. Associated with Facilities, roads, or trails can uncertainty of annual surveys because of 1_yPf7CebNkY alpine scree or lodgepole pine eliminate habitat unpredictable emergence patterns or antelope bitterbrush frost- pockets. Emerges in years when conditions are sufficiently moist Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant McDonald's Arabis E X Serpentine, fairly barren Slope erosion, road maintenance, Determine propagation and transplanting Survey for new populations, collect https://data.oregon.gov/vi rockcress macdonaldian habitat, usually on steep logging, succession, nickel protocols, determine environmental and bank seeds from Oregon ews/8s3k- a unstable slopes or dry open mining, over-collection, off-road variables associated with plant presence populations, minimize disturbance at ygh2/files/E3xv5FKJt6T3 woods below 4900 ft. Sites vehicle use priority sites during growing season 5A- usually recently disturbed hgizv3miI1GMGYiIpbaP Wy-C6-P4

Plant Red-fruited Lomatium E X Endemic to high elevation, Naturally rare with extremely Highly variable population trends: need Continue monitoring populations to lomatium erythrocarpu open habitats in the Elkhorn limited geographic distribution. to determine population demographics, determine population trends and their m Mountains. Found on steep factors influencing populations, and if causes; conduct surveys to determine south- and east-facing slopes observed variation in population density if additional populations exist. in gravelly soils. Occurs is an artifact of census methodology. primarily on one soil type Determine seed viability, longevity, and (Elkhorn argillite) but germination rates. Determine if a occasionally on limestone soils recreational trail and/or grazing by wildlife affects populations.

Plant Rough Plagiobothrys E X Unshaded seasonally wet pools Habitat loss due to conversion of Extent of distribution, potential for Avoid herbicide spraying on roadside https://data.oregon.gov/vi popcornflower hirtus (vernal pools) wetlands to agricultural fields and hybridization with other species in the populations. Work cooperatively with ews/8s3k- urban development, fire same genus private landowners to maintain ygh2/files/CcuUa49Q254j suppression, invasive plants, populations on private land. Acquire qZGuCuhx0uWLmRPcM livestock grazing land with quality habitat for population eawOA6Jq7Hcbb8 creation projects. Continue monitoring existing populations. Carefully manage grazing and fence priority populations, if necessary

Plant Point Reyes bird's- Cordylanthus E X Salt marsh, particularly at Impacts to habitat and populations Study affects of pollution. Methods for Manage off-highway vehicle use at https://data.oregon.gov/vi beak maritimus edges of salt pan with from off-highway vehicles. Habitat germination, propagation, and known populations. ews/8s3k- ssp. palustris occasional tidal inundation loss due to draining and filling, reintroduction. Monitor to determine ygh2/files/dvrH7o6aPpfv land use conversion. population trends XsQI7yxgUYGyupq- rQoFXAbbAC9qrcY

Plant Sexton Mountain Calochortus E X Serpentine soils Over-collection, grazing, Surveys to document whether or not If populations are located, determine https://data.oregon.gov/vi mariposa lily indecorus agricultural development extirpated, taxonomic review of species conservation actions needed to ews/8s3k- maintain them ygh2/files/kXyTWsN0Guk EZI- 5dUVF17Z3dFae2MBaaZ 0IwJBXuoY Plant Shiny-fruited Plagiobothrys E X “moist places along roads”, Agricultural and urban Surveys to document whether or not If populations are located, determine allocarya lamprocarpus specific habitat needs unknown development extirpated, taxonomic review of species conservation actions needed to maintain them

Plant Silvery phacelia Phacelia T X Unstabilized or semi-stabilized Habitat loss due to European Life history and biology. Propagation and Continue efforts to control European https://data.oregon.gov/vi argentea sand dunes, bluffs, and bases beachgrass invasion and urban reintroduction protocols beachgrass and manage off-highway ews/8s3k- of coastal headlands; above development. Impacts from off- vehicle use at known sites. Continue ygh2/files/zueGOHhxB0H the high tide level but below 65 highway vehicle use to monitor populations M4Iors7UW5Omygs4AJE ft in elevation 5frDL332gKpNk Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant Smooth mentzelia Mentzelia E X Dry, open, green or grey Roadwork, off-road vehicles, Reproductive biology, propagation and Ban significant ground disturbing https://data.oregon.gov/vi mollis montmorillonite-derived soil grazing, range improvement transplanting protocol, analyze genetic activities, fence populations on public ews/8s3k- from the Succor Creek practices, trampling by hikers, variation within and among populations, land to reduce impacts grazing, photo- ygh2/files/Mqg0dQxaJDx formation, with abnormally climatic fluctuations, absence of morphological comparison of northern monitoring of trampling caused by 9G3k11y5VfN0xpZRVq9 high potassium content pollinators, mining, range fires and southern populations researchers, experimentation with Ko87DDl15zfPQ (popcorn clay). Elevation about revegetation in disturbed sites. 4590 ft.

Plant Snake River Pyrrocoma E X X Arid shrub-steppe rangeland, Livestock grazing Propagation and transplanting protocol Minimize grazing at priority sites https://data.oregon.gov/vi goldenweed radiata loam soils on steep rocky ews/8s3k- hillsides ygh2/files/Sye6Lkj89Fg4 HrkdpXr3OE_xPjVpipfQA gWCGqE1tWs

Plant South Fork John Astragalus T X Occurs on barren ash in Habitat loss; road construction. None – the restricted distribution is well- Voluntary conservation projects with https://data.oregon.gov/vi Day milkvetch diaphanus stream bottom habitats in the understood private landowners, since most sites ews/8s3k- var. diurnus South Fork of the John Day are privately-owned and habitats have ygh2/files/MPPTUvaOqe River. low economic value 9_XbkN7IuhP0iocQm76n UlIm2mDqv0v_U

Plant Spalding's Silene E X Bunchgrass-dominated Invasive plants, especially Distribution on private land not well Control invasive plants; limit grazing in https://data.oregon.gov/vi campion spaldingii grasslands with deep soil knapweeds documented late summer when in bloom ews/8s3k- ygh2/files/satm3x8Rt_wZ bhLo1U2QuE2ojujVZ3XA ExYWIl0GK8E

Plant Sterile milkvetch Astragalus T X Endemic to Owyhee Uplands, Grazing by domestic livestock, Seed collection focusing on capturing Fence populations on public land to https://data.oregon.gov/vi cusickii var. along Owyhee River, bare mining, habitat invasion by weeds potential genetic diversity, propagation reduce impacts from off-road vehicles ews/8s3k-ygh2/files/mI- sterilis gravelly and clay soils derived and transplanting protocol and grazing. Long-term monitoring. 9zPbIoxpf12dqalAVnzyK from weathered volcanic ash Limit range improvement projects in cJwRMGqowhe357cnlH4 substrates sensitive areas

Plant Tygh Valley Astragalus T X Dry, rocky soils with thin, Habitat loss; narrow distribution Develop propagation and transplant Use mowing rather than herbicide https://data.oregon.gov/vi milkvetch tyghensis sandy surface soil; occurs in (endemic to Wasco County); protocols spraying to control vegetation at known ews/8s3k-ygh2/files/- bunchgrass grasslands, competition from invasive plants; populations; control invasive plants; 6oJNVrZgoC5zzjRKXi- mounded prairies or open roadside vegetation control manage grazing at priority sites HTKYWlSiognzGSILifAP juniper habitats (spraying) impacts a few roadside kSs populations

Plant Umpqua Calochortus E X X Grassland-forest ecotones on Grazing, logging, road Study factors limiting distribution Continue to implement interagency https://data.oregon.gov/vi mariposa lily umpquaensis serpentine soils, can be found construction, herbicide drift from (reproduction, fecundity, etc.), Conservation Agreement. Manage ews/8s3k- in a broad range of habitat adjoining private land propagation and transplanting protocol grazing and logging in sensitive areas, ygh2/files/7BxwHWtA514 from closed canopy coniferous applications, bulb digging by establish long-term monitoring, Kgp5uc87MAdO8t4HFUP forests to open grass-forb collectors, fire suppression, nickel collect/store seed from all populations, x-pu2RBTSZGk8 meadows mining, competition from invasive survey for new populations plants Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant Wayside aster Eucephalus T X X X Variable habitat: relatively Habitat loss due to residential Biology of species (seed production, Limit road maintenance during growing https://data.oregon.gov/vi vialis open areas in the understory of development and timber breeding system/ pollination, season at priority sites. Conduct ews/8s3k- mixed coniferous/ hardwood harvesting activities. Fire hybridization issues), population surveys for new populations. Maintain ygh2/files/D_jhhze2Ms- forests, along roadsides, and suppression leading to understory demographics and trends, determine and restore habitat at priority sites. meW2S4OL8nOk52XyrG on open slopes and prairie brush encroachment. ecological and habitat requirements, 3nBYTqGOfPp8io balds Competition from invasive plants. genetic analysis Road maintenance; habitat fragmentation; and unregulated off-road vehicle use

Plant Western lily Lilium E X Bogs composed of damp, Habitat loss due to bog draining May benefit from light grazing regimes Continue current efforts, such as https://data.oregon.gov/vi occidentale slightly acidic and organic and filling; land conversion for that reduces competition from other grazing management, propagation, ews/8s3k- soils; prefers small shrubs with agriculture, urban development, plants: develop grazing regimes that are and experimental vegetation ygh2/files/3KMRpbbtZm_ nearby sunlight and may use and road construction. Soil compatible with maintaining populations. management habitat (e.g., prescribed rctkRvjscQl7p1oInUvQ9U shrubs for mechanical support compaction. Plant collecting and Effects from foraging by wildlife (e.g., fire, mowing). Maintain and restore LwWZu0Rnms flower picking. Grazing. Habitat small mammals, deer, elk) Reproductive bog hydrology. Avoid herbicide degradation due to fire biology. Population genetics. application during the growing season suppression (encroaching shrubs for roadside populations and use “No and trees block sunlight and can Spray” signs at known populations for change hydrology.) educational purposes

Plant White rock Delphinium E X X Well-drained areas within open Habitat loss due to urban and Pollinator studies, hybridization studies, Restore habitat using site-appropriate https://data.oregon.gov/vi larkspur leucophaeum lowland prairies, dry roadside agricultural development; habitat development of transplanting protocol methods (control encroaching trees ews/8s3k- ditches, along river banks and degradation due to loss of natural and shrubs, control key invasive ygh2/files/xiWIZnfwwY6C bluffs, open areas atop basaltic fire regimes and invasive plants). dDjIqec3UzoHM2bWmG shelves; loose, shallow soils encroachment in understory; YACLjQhCjTK58 with high content of organic herbicide use and other roadside matter maintenance; small population numbers and sizes

Plant White-topped Sericocarpus T X Open grassland habitats Habitat loss, degradation due to Pollinator studies, seed sowing protocol Maintain or restore grass-dominated https://data.oregon.gov/vi aster rigidus (seasonally wet prairies; oak lack of fire and competition from habitats; control key invasive plants; ews/8s3k- savannah) invasive plants, overspray of use mowing or prescribed fire to ygh2/files/OqtkCcHVL02h herbicides control brush and trees; maintain mXFDR_vCkhY2vB33UF populations in roadsides and ditches; pQZkxkvRNk4UI collect and store seeds. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant Willamette daisy Erigeron E X Seasonally wet prairie and Narrow distribution (endemic to Reproductive biology; long-term Ongoing prairie management where U.S. Fish and Wildlife decumbens drier upland prairie sites where WV); habitat loss; habitat demographic monitoring to determine extant populations occur to maintain Service. 2010. Recovery woody cover is nearly absent degradation due to lack of fire, population dynamics; optimal fire regime and expand populations; identify new Plan for the Prairie and herbaceous vegetation loss of floodplain function and to maintain habitat and populations; protected, suitable sites for Species of Western tends to be low in stature encroachment by invasive plants; genetic analysis to evaluate inbreeding introductions; maintain or restore Oregon and plant succession by trees and depression and develop seed transfer hydrology; control invasive and woody Southwestern shrubs; factors associated with the and augmentation guidelines; pollinator plants through use of well-timed Washington. U.S. Fish occurrence of only few, mostly associations and status; effects of voles; mowing, prescribed fire and select and Wildlife Service, small populations. effects of climate change herbicide use, as appropriate; collect Portland, Oregon seeds for storage and grow out for outplanting

Plant Wolf's evening Oenothera T X Found on patches of Cenozoic- Disjunct distribution because of Feasibility of starting new populations Avoid herbicide application and https://data.oregon.gov/vi primrose wolfii era marine deposits that are highly specific habitat from cultivated plants; determine extent roadside/park maintenance activities ews/8s3k- well-drained but have requirements. Hybridization with of hybridization during the growing season. Public ygh2/files/zjymHB7N_lH adequate moisture. Habitats garden evening-primrose outreach about the problems caused WWWvlDzfIDOgxd3FMX include grasslands, coastal (Oenothera glazioviana), a closely- by garden evening-primrose in areas NKkA6A1Ku91-1k strand, roadsides, and coastal related non-native ornamental where hybridization is a problem. bluffs. plant. Habitat loss due to urban development and road construction. Herbicide use.

Plant Bull kelp Nereocystis X Only occurs in nearshore rocky Substratum availability and spore Ecological role of bull kelp beds as Observe harvest restrictions. Monitor http://www.pcouncil.org luetkeana subtidal habitat. dispersal. Vulnerable to oil spills ecological engineering species and as status of bull kelp beds at special sites /groundfish/groundfish- and other anthropogenic effects. habitat for fish and invertebrate / index sites. essential-fish-habitat/ communities. http://www.pcouncil.org /wp- content/uploads/Salmon _EFH_Appendix_A_FINAL _September-25.pdf

Plant Native eelgrass Zostera X Only occurs in intertidal and Limited suitable habitat. Sea level rise impacts. Minimize impacts related to dredging, http://www.pcouncil.org marina shallow subtidal soft sediment development and commercial shellfish /groundfish/groundfish- habitat with adequate light. In mariculture operations. Observe essential-fish-habitat/ Oregon, primarily found in harvest restrictions. Evaluate impacts http://www.pcouncil.org estuaries. of sea level rise. /wp- content/uploads/Salmon _EFH_Appendix_A_FINAL _September-25.pdf

Plant Sea palm Postelsia X Only occurs in rocky intertidal Substratum availability and spore Spatial distribution of Postelsia has not Observe restrictions on harvest. palmaeformis habitat along high exposure dispersal. been documented, seasonal variability in Monitor status of sea palms at index areas. biomass is not known, and ecological sites. role of sea palms has not been fully investigated along the Oregon coast. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Plant Surf grass Phyllospadix X Only occurs in rocky intertidal Substratum availability and seed Spatial distribution of Phyllospadix has Observe restrictions on harvest. http://www.pcouncil.org spp. and very shallow rocky dispersal. been mapped for the entire Oregon Monitor status of surf grass at index /groundfish/groundfish- subtidal habitat. coast (Shorezone); data gap includes sites. essential-fish-habitat/ information about spatial and seasonal variability in biomass and ecological role of sea grass beds

Invertebrate Fender’s blue Icaricia X Native prairie and oak Habitat loss, habitat degradation Continue surveys and consider for down- Maintain and restore wet prairie habitat (butterfly) icarioides savannah. Requires Kincaid’s due to invasive plants listing at a future time. and populations of Kincaid’s lupine; fenderi lupine as a host plant. use caution when implementing gypsy moth control in nearby forests

Invertebrate Hoary elfin Incisalia polia X Coastal bluffs. Known from Narrow distribution (subspecies is Life history. Surveys to determine status Protect known sites of occurrence. http://www.xerces.org/sea (butterfly) maritime only three sites globally, and endemic); habitat loss due to and extent throughout Oregon Restore coastal bluff grasslands. side-hoary-elfin/ two of these are in Oregon: development; habitat degradation Pistol River State Park and due to fire suppression; invasive Driftwood Beach State plants Wayside.

Invertebrate Insular blue Plebeius X Wet, open habitats (bogs, Habitat loss due to development; Surveys for additional locations, to Protect known sites of occurrence. butterfly (= saepiolus meadows, ditches); uses habitat degradation due to fire determine ssp extent. Restore meadow habitats. Currently http://www.xerces.org/ins greenish blue) littoralis coastal salt-spray meadows; suppression; invasive plants known to exist at only 3 sites, 2 located ular-blue/ uses clover as a host plant; in Oregon: Cape Blanco and Bullards conifer trees adjacent to Beach State Parks). meadows serve as windbreaks

Invertebrate Mardon skipper Polites X Meadow habitats; larvae feed Naturally rare with disjunct Effects of invasive plant control on Maintain and restore meadow habitats. (butterfly) mardon on native fescue (grass). Rare populations; loss of grassland populations; distribution Continue ongoing habitat restoration and localized distribution habitats; invasive plants. and monitoring efforts. Populations appear to be declining, are highly restricted, and face threats from drying meadows and increasing OHV use

Invertebrate Oregon silverspot Speyeria X Salt-spray meadows; depends Habitat loss due to development. Management techniques for violet host Continue to implement actions butterfly zerene on 2 species of violet as host Recreation. Fire suppression that plants. Monitor success of re- identified in recovery plan. Protect hippolyta plant (early blue and western allows grass to overshadow early introductions throuhout range known sites, with long-term blue violets); spruce trees blue violets management to maintain suitable adjacent to meadows serve as habitat characteristics and monitoring. shelter and windbreaks

Invertebrate Taylor’s Euphydryas X Low-elevation upland prairies; Habitat loss, habitat degradation Historic native host plant Protect two remaining populations in checkerspot editha taylori currently using the non-native due to invasive plants and lack of Oregon (Beazell Meadow and Fitton (butterfly) narrow-leaved plantain as a fire Green). Maintain grassland habitats, host plant. increase plant diversity for nectar plants, control key invasive non-native plants. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Invertebrate Oregon Helminthoglyp X X Rocky areas including talus Limited distribution; Disturbance Understanding of habitat requirements; Maintain sufficient levels of woody shoulderband ta hertleini deposits. Requires permanent to microhabitats, i.e. talus. population dynamics debris or shrub shading Maintain ground cover or moisture, Disturbance that reduces coarse suitable habitat conditions at known including: talus, rock fissures, woody debris, shading or other sites or woody debris. refuge.

Invertebrate Pacific walker (Pomatiopsis X Semiaquatic; among wet Restricted distributions. Other Habitat requirements and limiting factors Protect known sites of occurrence. californica vegetation along water limiting factors poorly understood Investigate habitat requirements and use these to guide management actions

Invertebrate Sister’s hesperian Hochbergellus X Undetermined Restricted distributions. Other Habitat requirements and limiting factors Protect known sites of occurrence. Roth B. and W. B. Miller. hirsutus limiting factors poorly understood Investigate habitat requirements and 1992. A new genus of use these to guide management Polygyrid Land … actions from Oregon. The Veliger 35(3):222-225. All specimens at that time were from Curry County, Oregon. TEB

Invertebrate Archimedes Pygulopsis X Spring-influenced areas of Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and springsnail archimedis large lakes Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. .

Invertebrate Bulb juga Juga bulbosa X X Cold, highly oxygenated water; Fragmentation of waterways; Distribution, species-specific Maintain or restore high water quality. found in gravel-boulder riffles habitat loss due to dams; water requirements diversions; increased water temperature; reduced oxygen levels; reduced water quality

Invertebrate Dall's ramshorn X Spring-influenced areas of Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and large lakes; now limited to Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water Upper Klamath Lake from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. .

Invertebrate Great Basin Helisoma X Spring-influenced areas in Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and ramshorn newberryi large lakes and rivers Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water newberryi from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. .

Invertebrate Highcap lanx Lanx alta X Spring-influenced areas in Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and larger rivers and tributaries Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Invertebrate Klamath Vorticifex X Spring-influenced streams; Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and ramshorn klamathensis now limited to Upper Klamath Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water klamathensis area from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow.

Invertebrate Lined ramshorn Vorticifex X Spring-fed lakes and large Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and effusus creeks Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water diagonalis from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow.

Invertebrate Purple-lipped juga Juga hemphilli X X Cold, highly oxygenated water; Fragmentation of waterways; Distribution, species-specific Maintain or restore high water quality. (=Dechutes juga) hemphilli found in gravel-boulder riffles habitat loss due to dams; water requirements diversions; increased water temperature; reduced oxygen levels; reduced water quality

Invertebrate Robust walker Pomatiopsis X Perennial seeps and rivulets Undetermined Species-specific habitat requirements. Protect known sites of occurrence. and binneyi use these to guide management actions

Invertebrate Rotund lanx Lanx X Large rivers (Umpqua) and Modifications to hydrology that Undetermined Maintain or restore watershed function subrotunda major tributaries, generally in disturb flow regimes. Water and flow dynamics swift current on rocky substrate quality

Invertebrate Scale lanx Lanx X Large spring-fed lakes and Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and klamathensis rivers Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow.

Invertebrate Scalloped juga Juga X Large springs and rivers. Well Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and acutifilosa aerated cold waters Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow.

Invertebrate Shortface lanx Fisherola X Unpolluted swift-flowing, highly Habitat loss due to dams on Distribution and life history requirements Maintain or restore high water quality. nuttalli oxygenated cold water in small Columbia river; sedimentation; Sensitive to hydrological modifications to large rivers; on stable agricultural and industrial runoff from dams boulder-gravel substrates; that affects water quality currently occurs in Lower Deschutes River (possibly Columbia River) Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Invertebrate Sinitsin ramshorn Vorticifex X Large, cold springs Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and klamathensis Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water sinitsini from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow.

Invertebrate Siskiyou Vespericola X X Terrestrial. May be found in Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and Hesperian sierranus spring seeps; under leaf litter. Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow.

Invertebrate Turban Fluminicola X Cold nutrient-poor springs Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and pebblesnail turbiniformis Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities mining and road construction that could increase sediment or (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow.

Invertebrate (a stonefly) Capnia kersti X Dry stream beds at low Restricted distribution. Potential distribution at additional Protect existing habitat. Survey for elevation. Known habitat locations. additional locations restricted to approx. 1/4 mile of stream habitat from the West Fork of Willow Creek (near Eugene, OR).

Invertebrate Beller's ground Agonum X X Sphagnum bogs with open Wingless. Restricted to patchy Distribution, especially in southern Protection of known habitat. Surveys LaBonte et al. 2001 beetle belleri (Hatch) water habitat on the crest of the portion. Demographics. Responses to to better understand southern portion Cascades habitat alteration. of range. Studies of demographics and responses to habitat modification.

Invertebrate Leona's little blue Philotiella X X This species inhabits one Conifer encroachment and fire; Population age structure, stability and Maintain and restore existing habitat (butterfly) leona known location globally: loss of early successional habitat; potential for persistence with appropriate host and nectar Approximately six square miles mining and over-grazing of plants. of ash-pumice habitat with livestock spurry buckwheat located southeast of Crater Lake, OR.

Invertebrate Monarch Danaus X X X X X X X X Caterpillars feed almost Loss ofmilkweed and nectar Breeding location. Seasonal migration Plant milkweed and nectar plants. plexippus exclusively on milkweed plants. Affected by mowing routes Avoid mowing during critical (Asclepias sp.), and migrating milkweed from roadsides before development periods adults require nectar from caterpillars have developed. flowering plants blooming in Pesticides. the spring and fall to fuel migrations Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Invertebrate Great spangled Speyeria X X Feed strictly on violets, mostly Loss of suitable habitat and host Distribution and range throughout Protect locations of preferred host fritillary cybele on V. glabells in western OR. plants. Oregon. plant, manage for conifer encroachment of meadows, maintain hydrology at known sites.

Invertebrate Western bumble Bombus X X X X X X X X Use a wide variety of natural, Vulnerable to reduced genetic Causes and extent of population Plant and protect bumblebee habitat http://www.xerces.org/bu bee occidentalis agricultural, urban, and rural diversity. Pathogens from declines. Surveys at historic and so that suitable nest sites, nectar and mblebees/guidelines/ habitats. Now largely confined commercial bumble bees and potential sites are needed throughout pollen, and overwintering habitat are http://www.bumblebeewat to high elevation sites and other sources. Conifer Oregon. Taxonomy and subspecies of B. provided. ch.org areas east of the Cascade encroachment and habitat occidentalis Crest. Requires nesting sites, conversion. Development nectar and pollen throughout the spring, summer and fall. Suitable overwintering sites for the queens

Invertebrate Franklin's bumble Bombus X X Sufficient supply of nectar and Disease, habitat alteration, Monitor historic sites. Population Since this species has not been seen http://www.xerces.org/bu bee franklini pollen throughout the colony pesticide applications, fire estimates. Pathology and control of since 2006, surveys that target historic mblebees/guidelines/ season. Uses a variety of suppression and loss of meadow Nosema bombi [Microsporidia] and other sites. If B. franklini is found, protect flowering plants including: habitat, climate change, and potential disease organisms (such as important bumblebee habitat. Lupine, California poppy, competition with honey bees. Locustacrus buchneri [Acarina] and horsemint, penny-royal. Crithidia bombi [Protozoa]). Requires abandoned rodent Susceptbility of commercially reared and borrows or clumps of grass for wild bumble bee species to pathogens nesting.

Invertebrate California floater Anodonta X In Oregon, this species uses Loss of host fish, channel Distribution. Identify specific host fish Protect known populations of host fish. http://www.xerces.org/wp- (freshwater californiensis speckled dace as a primary modifications, dredging and species. Determine whether populations Maintain water quality. content/uploads/2010/12/ mussel, host, and probably many other mining, contamination, represent distinct species or subspecies. xerces-status-review- fish species. Occur in lakes, sedimentation, nutrient Taxonomic relationship with A. anodonta-californiensis- slow rivers, and some enrichment, water withdrawal and nuttallaina and-nuttalliana.pdf reservoirs with mud or sand diversion, poorly managed substrates. Sedentary filter livestock grazing in riparian areas, feeders that consume plankton and the introduction of non-native and other particulate matter fish and invertebrate species that is suspended in the water column, and contribute to nutrient cycling. May prefer higher reaches of streams, often associated with higher water quality Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Invertebrate Winged floater Anodonta X Hosted by a fish species. Loss of host fish, channel Distribution. Identify specific host fish Protect known populations of host fish. http://www.xerces.org/wp- (freshwater nuttalliana Occur in lakes, slow rivers, and modifications, dredging and species. Determine whether populations Maintain water quality. content/uploads/2010/12/ mussel, some reservoirs with mud or mining, contamination, represent distinct species or subspecies. xerces-status-review- sand substrates. Sedentary sedimentation, nutrient Taxonomic relationship with A. anodonta-californiensis- filter feeders that consume enrichment, water withdrawal and californiensis and-nuttalliana.pdf plankton and other particulate diversion, poorly managed matter that is suspended in the livestock grazing in riparian areas, water column, and contribute and the introduction of non-native to nutrient cycling. May prefer fish and invertebrate species higher reaches of streams, often associated with higher water quality

Invertebrate Vernal pool fairy (Branchinecta X Ephemeral pools; prefers Little genetic variability within Genetics. Mechanics of cyst dispersal. Maintain or restore vernal pools to lynchi smaller, cooler pools. Females populations. Remaining pool provide habitat. Maintain or restore leave eggs that dry out along habitats increasingly isolated. water quality in vernal pool habitat. with the pool until re-filling Draining vernal pools. Modified (“cysts”) hydrology. Stormwater run-off containing pesticides, chemical residues and other contaminants

Invertebrate Columbia Gorge Neothremma X Small streams in Columbia Narrow distribution (endemic); Species-specific habitat requirements. Maintain stream water quality and caddisfly andersoni Gorge extremely isolated Abundance within correct sampling sediment regimes. season. Biology, habitat, distribution, demography, vulnerability to envieronmental threats.

Invertebrate Columbia Gorge Vespericola X Prefer talus or basalt habitat Vulnerable to habitat loss and Distribution, specific habitat use Maintain appropriate habitats; Hesperian depressus with minimal vegetation cover. roadside spraying minimize impacts from talus mining at In dry open basalt talus, often known populations associated with seeps and springs; lower elevations. Endemic to Lower Deschutes and/or Columbia Gorge

Invertebrate Dalles Oreohelix X Prefer talus or basalt habitat Restricted distribution (endemic to Distribution, specific habitat use. Could Maintain appropriate habitats; mountainsnail variabilis with minimal vegetation cover. Lower Deschutes and/or Columbia certain vegetation components provide minimize impacts from talus mining at variabilis Gorge); habitat loss due to habitat in riparian or springside sites? known populations development and road construction; roadside spraying

Invertebrate Borax Lake Planoorbella X Found only in Borax Lake Endemic; vulnerable to random or Undetermined Continue to protect known sites of ramshorn oregonensis) localized disturbance. occurrence.

Invertebrate Crater Lake Pristiloma X Terrestrial snail. Often found in Restricted distribution. Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and tightcoil crateris riparian habitat, wet meadows Sedimentation and nutrient input requirements quality. Prevent or mitigate for water and moist forests. Under from dredging, land use practices, diversions, dredging, or other activities shrubs and at the bases of mining and road construction that could increase sediment or plants (may smother substrates or nutrient levels. reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow

Invertebrate Malheur Cave X Malheur Cave is a thermal lava Endemic; vulnerable to random or Undetermined. Continue to maintain suitable habitat, endemics: tube cave that contains the localized disturbance. Potential especially water quality. Manage Invertebrate Malheur Cave Stygobromus X largest array of cave adapted disturbance from pesticide drift, recreation to minimize impacts to amphipod hubbsi species in the Pacific water diversion, or visitor endemic species Invertebrate Malheur Cave Kenkia X Northwest. Contains disturbance. flatworm rhynchida geothermal lake which regulates climate within the cave (making it warmer than outside surface temperature). Species have adapted to moist, warm environment and also require wood and other materials for substrate. Small Malheur Cave is a thermal lava Endemic; vulnerable to random or Undetermined. Continue to maintain suitable habitat, tube cave that contains the localized disturbance. Potential especially water quality. Manage largest array of cave adapted disturbance from pesticide drift, recreation to minimize impacts to Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Specialspecies needs in the Pacific Limitingwater diversion,factors or visitor Data gaps Conservationendemic species actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing Northwest. Contains disturbance. available Status status geothermal lake which Invertebrate Malheur isopod Amerigoniscu X regulates climate within the s cave (making it warmer than malheurensis outside surface temperature). Invertebrate Malheur Apochthonius X Species have adapted to pseudoscorpian malheuri moist, warm environment and Invertebrate Malheur Cave Oncopodura X also require wood and other mala materials for substrate. Small Invertebrate Columbia Clubtail Gomphus X X Endemic to Oregon and Limited distribution. Wetland Undetermined. Protect known populations. Manage http://www.pacificbio.org/i lynnae Washington. Requires stream drainage and river/stream invasive species in known areas. nitiatives/ESIN/OtherInve habitat diversion for irrigation and rtebrates/LynnsClubtail/L development purposes. Storm- ynnsClubtail_pg.html water run-off containing pesticides. Carp predation. Mosquitofish compete with dragonfly nymphs for small aquatic prey organisms.

Invertebrate Black Petaltail Tanypteryx X X X Forested areas with access to Sensitive to localized disturbance. Distribution. Ability for this species to use Protect habitat known to support hageni moist seeps for reproduction, Need access to moist seeps for a wider range of habitat types than populations. Maintain water quality usually above 2000 ft egg - laying and for burrowing previously observed elevation. Found through the nymphs to develop Cascade Mountains. Some populations associated with Darlngtonia pitcher plants. One population found in Clatsop County

Invertebrate Western Ridged Gonidea X X X X Cold creeks and streams. Filter Changes in hydrological regimes. Distribution. Population structure. Maintain water quality and availability. Mussel angulata feeder with long lifespan Contamination, sedimentation, Determine specific fish species that serve as nutrient enrichment, water hosts withdrawal and diversion.

Invertebrate Blue mud shrimp Upogebia X Limited specialized habitat Non-native parasitic isopod Information about spatial extent, Monitor status of burrowing shrimp pugettensis available only in estuaries. inhibits reproduction. densities, size/age structure, and populations at index sites. Gather recruitment. information to fill data gaps. Adapt management to findings.

Invertebrate California mussel Mytilus X Only occurs in rocky intertidal Larval supplies, episodic Relationships between ocean drivers Monitor status of populations at index californianus and shallow subtidal habitat. recruitment. and settlement/recruitment. sites. Gather information to fill data gaps. Manage for sustainable harvest.

Invertebrate Dungeness crab Cancer X Sandy bottoms in subtidal Larval supplies, episodic Information about recruitment events is Monitor status of populations at index magister habitat. recruitment, availability of mates. lacking, and mortality estimates for sites. Gather information to fill data juveniles / sub-adults /females caught gaps. Manage for sustainable harvest. but not retained by the commercial & sport fisheries. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Invertebrate Flat abalone Haliotis X Only occurs in rocky shallow Adequate density for successful Spatial distribution and abundance in Monitor status of populations at index walallensis subtidal habitat, geographic broadcast spawning. Short-term shallow subtidal habitats. sites. Gather information to fill data range limited to area between yolk dependent larvae. Infrequent gaps. northern California and recruitment. Washington

Invertebrate Native littleneck Leukoma X Occurs in cobbly intertidal and Larval supplies, episodic Information about historic abundance Monitor status of populations at index clam staminea shallow subtidal habitat recruitment and distribution, and current spatial sites. Gather information to fill data extent, densities, size/age structure, and gaps. Manage for sustainable harvest. recruitment

Invertebrate Ochre sea star Pisaster X Only occurs in rocky intertidal Larval supplies, episodic Information about recruitment events is Monitor status of populations at index ochraceus and shallow subtidal habitat in recruitment. Sea star wasting lacking. Monitoring of population status sites and periodic checks for continues nearshore and estuarine syndrome. is needed for juveniles and recovery or new occurrences of sea star waters. from sea star wasting syndrome. wasting. Gather information to fill data Ecological impacts from sea star wasting gaps. Manage for sustainable harvest. syndrome.

Invertebrate Olympia oyster Ostrea lurida X Only occurs in rocky habitat. In Availability of suitable habitat. Spatial distribution and abundance. Monitor status of populations at index Oregon primarily found in sites. Gather information to fill data subtidal habitat in three gaps. estuaries.

Invertebrate Pacific Giant Enteroctopus X Den cavities in rocky substrata Availability of appropriate den Systematic estimates of populations, Monitor status of populations at index octopus dofleini with access to nearby forage sites in rocky subtidal habitat, abundance and distribution. sites. Gather information to fill data areas. survival of egg masses. gaps. Manage for sustainable harvest.

Invertebrate Purple sea urchin Strongylocent X Only occurs in rocky intertidal Larval supplies, episodic Population dynamics, variability in Monitor status of populations at index rotus and shallow subtidal habitat. recruitment. recruitment in relation to headlands. sites. Gather information to fill data purpuratus gaps. Manage for sustainable harvest.

Invertebrate Razor clam Siliqua X Only occurs along sandy Topography of beach Relationship between intertidal and Monitor status of populations at index patula beaches and in shallow morphology, composition of sand, subtidal populations, relationship sites. Manage for sustainable harvest. subtidal in sandy areas. larval supplies, episodic between living clams and shells on Gather information to fill data gaps. recruitment. beaches. Taxa Species Common Species SMU/ESU/DPS/ Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NBR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if Name Scientific Name Group Listing listing available Status status Invertebrate Red abalone Haliotis X Only occurs in rocky intertidal Adequate density for successful Spatial distribution and abundance in Monitor status of populations at index rufescens subtidal habitat. broadcast spawning. Short-term shallow subtidal habitats. sites. Manage for sustainable harvest. yolk dependent larvae. Infrequent Gather information to fill data gaps. recruitment.

Invertebrate Red sea urchin Mesocentrotu X Only occurs in rocky intertidal Larval supplies, episodic Ecological role in bull kelp beds, Monitor status of populations at index s franciscanus subtidal habitat. recruitment. population dynamics. sites. Manage for sustainable harvest. Gather information to fill data gaps.

Invertebrate Rock scallop Crassadoma X Only occurs in rocky habitat, Late maturing. Longevity and fecundity. Spatial Monitor status of populations at index gigantea primarily subtidal. distribution and abundance in shallow sites. Manage for sustainable harvest. subtidal habitats. Gather information to fill data gaps.

Invertebrate Sunflower star Pycnopodia X Occurs in lower intertidal and Larval supplies, episodic Information about ecological role in Prevent disturbance, urban runoff and helianthoides subtidal habitats. Voracious recruitment, prey availability, subtidal communities and recruitment sewage spill. Monitor status of predator that feeds on clams, susceptibility to sea star wasting events is lacking. Population status. populations at index sites. Gather , chitons, urchins, sand syndrome. Ecological impacts from sea star wasting information to fill data gaps. dollars, asteroids, crab, and syndrome. other invertebrates.