Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Amphibian Cascades SOC X X Mountain meadows, bogs, ponds or potholes Montane species vulnerable to genetic Habitat requirements and how they may vary by Maintain connectivity of habitat. Monitor effects of fish http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/ frog above 2,400 feet elevation. Requires access isolation. Experiencing substantial elevation within the species' range. Habitat stocking and water quality on populations. Carefully manage psw_gtr244/psw_gtr244.pdf to permanent water. Lays eggs in shallow reductions in southern parts of range characteristics that could enhance migration livestock grazing in occupied wet meadows. Use prescribed sunny edges of ponds, or on low vegetation (e.g., CA). Potentially sensitive to and gene flow. Feeding habits. Effects of burning or hand-felling of trees periodically to set plant near ponds where warm sunlight speeds egg waterborne pathogens. pathogens airborne environmental pollution. succession. If reintroductions are warranted, use individuals development. Larvae may “school” in large Feasibility studies on reintroduction at historic from nearby populations and consult results of feasibility masses. sites. studies. Conservation actions in Oregon are particularly valuable given reductions in other parts of range.

Amphibian Cascade X X Cold, fast-flowing, clear, permanent headwater Larvae take several years to reach sexual Basic inventory, abundance and population Maintain stream buffers to maintain cool water Howell, B.L. and N. M. Maggiulli. 2011. torrent streams, seeps and waterfall splash zones in maturity. Small clutch size (7-16 eggs) trend. Species-specific breeding habits temperatures and water clarity. Little or no sediment coating Conservation Assessment for the Cascade forested areas. Prefers harder substrate such and long time to hatch (up to 10 months). (because of relatively recent taxonomic split of or embedding rocky substrates. Retain riparian buffers (see Torrent Salamander. Version 1.0 50 pp. salamander as basalt. Gravel or small cobble substrate Larvae have minute gill surface area, so torrent salamanders). Dispersal: Is most PARC recommendations). Maintain adjacent terrestrial with continuous but shallow water flow for very sensitive to increased temperature movement by larval or adult forms? Information habitat for dispersal and to enhance connectivity between larvae and adults foraging and hiding. and sediment. about movement between terrestrial and habitats. Protect headwater streams. Use results of Continuous access to cold water. Requires aquatic habitats. Need to understand how dispersal studies to guide recommendations on culvert size moist adjacent forest and micro-habitat reproduction and age-at-reproductive maturity or modification features, such as basalt rock. varies by habitat conditions. Assess and monitor effects of riparian buffer widths with upland forest management within this species distribution. Difficult to detect.

Amphibian Clouded X X X X Forest habitats or burned areas. Often found Limited range (occurs primarily in Need to develop methods to survey this species Maintain patches of intact habitat during management http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/200 salamander in talus, debris, or in large decaying logs. Oregon). Loss of large logs. in a variety of habitats (logs, talus, etc). Habitat activities. Identify areas of high population density and 2/00000048/00000002/art00012 relationships with forests; effects of fires on leave undisturbed as 'seed' populations from which populations. What factors promote movement. remaining habitat can be recolonized as it recovers from Abundance. Sensitivity to herbicides and other alteration. Figure out a way to keep small patches and not chemical contaminants. Reproduction habits. have a huge area all treated at once. Maintain large logs Dispersal ability and home range size. during forest management activities. Provide adequate Longevity. Migrations, over-wintering behavior. riparian buffer strips (see PARC Habitat Management Guidelines). Provide downed wood.

Amphibian Columbia C X X Permanent ponds, marshes and meandering Alteration of hydrology. Predation and Patterns of habitat use by life stage; population Identify sites with known populations and maintain spotted frog streams through meadows for breeding and competition by invasive fish and bullfrogs. trends; and how this varies by region. vegetation buffers. Control bullfrogs and invasive fish at foraging, especially with areas of shallow Siltation. Lowering of water tables Phenology (timing of breeding). Distribution. priority sites. water and emergent vegetation. Springs and through down-cutting of stream channels. Impacts of invasive species. Impacts of grazing other sites with low, continuous water flow for on habitat and populations. overwintering.

Amphibian Columbia X X Cold mountain streams, spring heads and Limited dispersal. Adults are highly Basic inventory for abundance, population trend Maintain stream buffers to maintain cool water Russell, K. R, T. J. Mabee, and M. B. Cole. 2004. torrent seeps. Require loose gravel stream beds. sensitive to drying. Larvae sensitive to and distribution. Response to management temperatures and water clarity. Minimize disturbance at DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT OF COLUMBIA Prefer basalt over softer geological substrates. changes in stream flow. activities at varied scales. known suitable sites. TORRENT SALAMANDERS AT MULTIPLE salamander Specific requirements for stream gradients. SPATIAL SCALES IN MANAGED FORESTS OF NORTHWESTERN OREGON. J. of Wildlife Mgmt. Amphibian Cope's giant X X X Cold, fast-flowing, clear, permanent streams in Limited range in Oregon. Rarely or never Distribution. Information on reproduction Maintain stream buffers to maintain cool water http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfpnw/issssp/species- salamander coniferous forests. Deep cobble and small metamorphose, so highly vulnerable to (parental care, number of clutches per female temperatures and water clarity. Little or no sediment coating index/fauna-amphibians.shtml boulder substrate for foraging and hiding. channel dewatering and barriers to per year). Habitat connectivity needs. or embedding rocky substrates. Replace culverts as needed Rocky streambanks or in-channel logs with stream connectivity; very small gill Frequency of naturally occurring terrestrial to remove barriers in continuous, natural streambed and crevices for eggs and larvae. Prefers harder surface area, so sensitive to increases in individuals. Factors that affect populations. streambank habitats. Restrict chemical applications near substrates such as basalt. temperature and sediment. Effects of herbicides, fertilizers, other streams. Reduce the likelihood of non-native predators in chemicals. Effects of non - native fish. Disease streams.

Amphibian Del Norte SOC X X Found in closed canopy coastal forests with Fully terrestrial species with restricted Distribution. Life history. Dispersal and Identify important habitat using species' habitat NEWLY DISCOVERED POPULATIONS OF Salamander mixed hardwood/conifer. Associated with movement range: Individuals stay within seasonal movements. Phenology. Longevity. requirements and movement patterns. Minimize SALAMANDERS FROM SISKIYOU COUNTY moist talus and rocky substrates; rock rubble 7.5 square meters. Genetic diversity. disturbance to talus and stream substrate. Minimize CALIFORNIA REPRESENT A SPECIES or old riverbeds, under bark, logs on forest disturbance at known occupied sites. Consider animal DISTINCT FROM PLETHODON STORMI floor. Prefers mature late-seral forests but movement needs http://www.hljournals.org/doi/abs/10.1655/03- does occur in recently harvested forest areas 86?journalCode=herp in coastal regions.

Amphibian Foothill SOC X X X X Streams with coarse-substrate gravel bars, Range in Oregon has shrunk due to Current distribution. Phenology. Movement Maintain natural water flow patterns and streamside http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s yellow- bedrock substrate with potholes, and low-flow habitat loss from hydrologic modifications needs and habitat use. Life history and vegetation and protect from other impacts at priority &source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCA backwaters. Unimpounded stream systems, or for hydropower. Loss of gravel bars and longevity. Identify overwintering (non-breeding) breeding sites. Especially for populations in West Cascades QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fr legged frog systems over a certain size, may be needed low-flow nursery areas. May be sensitive habitat. Feasibility studies on reintroduction at and Willamette Valley: Use results of feasibility studies to 6%2Fsfpnw%2Fissssp%2Fdocuments%2Fplannin to maintain long-term persistence of this to hydrological modification, historic sites. guide specific conservation actions and management g-docs%2Fca-ha-rana-boylii-2009-04- species on the landscape. sedimentation, and waterborne decisions for reintroductions. Maintain connectivity across 22.doc&ei=3Ii9VN6tMtGyyATH3oLgDg&usg=AFQ pathogens. hydrologic corridors and river basins to support gene flow jCNGvN7zsCW2J2bsvJYKPWp6w4A6C0g&sig2= QQH- PLLbmsSDlstumm2ZxA&bvm=bv.83829542,d.aW w Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Amphibian Coastal SOC X X X Cold, fast-flowing, clear streams within Limited range (northwest endemic). Low Growth rates after metamorphosis. Abundance Maintain stream buffers to maintain cool water http://www.californiaherps.com/frogs/pages/a.truei Tailed Frog forested areas. Adults need streambanks, reproductive rate due to several-year and distribution in headwater streams. temperatures and water clarity. Little or no sediment coating .html logs, headwater springs, and gravelly seeps larval stage. Remains close to water Movement patterns and habitat needs. or embedding rocky substrates. Use results of dispersal for foraging and hiding, and small boulders in source; low dispersal abilities may limit Seasonal movement patterns: is most dispersal studies to guide recommendations on culvert size or streams for egg laying. Tadpoles need recovery of populations. Sedimentation. by adult or larval form? Influence of forest modification. permanent streams with moss- and sediment- Increases in water temperature. management practices, fertilizers and free cobble and boulder substrate for clinging herbicides. to rock surfaces while scraping diatoms and algae. In Coast Range, may be limited to streams with hard-rock substrate rather than sandstone.

Amphibian Rocky SOC X Stream breeding. Prefer clear, cold habitat Low reproductive rate (multi-year larval Methods for detectability and distinguishing Identify, protect, and provide connections among key http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s Mountain with cobbles and boulders for larvae, which development; small number of eggs per from A. truei during site surveys. Status and habitat areas. Modify activities to provide continual riparian &source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCU are adapted to cling to rocks and scrape female). Sedimentation of streams from trend information. Population dynamics. cover and minimize sedimentation; maintain shade for QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fr Tailed Frog diatoms. Adults forage for insects at night. roads or forest practices; increased Distribution, reliance upon upland habitats, life cooler temperatures. Maintain the integrity of stream 6%2Fsfpnw%2Fissssp%2Fdocuments%2Fplannin temperatures due to degraded riparian history, habitat associations. Juvenile substrates and microclimates at occupied sites. Provide g-docs%2Fca-ha-ascaphus-montanus-2011- habitat. movement patterns. Effects of livestock riparian buffers. Reduce stream substrate disturbance. 08.docx&ei=TIm9VOvXHI30yATCg4DgCQ&usg= grazing. Influence of predation by nonnative Maintain upland canopy retention. Restrict chemical AFQjCNHZaBh- fish. applications, non-native predators in streams, and livestock kVhW7ho9n0sbJCvb2PVtYQ&sig2=2GNOljajAXf grazing. Provide habitat connectivity to upland refugia. BqzjcDPqtvQ&bvm=bv.83829542,d.aWw

Amphibian Larch SOC X Basalt talus slopes of Columbia River Gorge Specialized habitat. Low dispersal Population trends. Dispersal. Survey for Avoid disturbance of talus habitats (which can cause local http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s Mountain and northern Cascade Mountains. Adapted to capability. Relatively small clutch size. additional locations. Evaluate response to extinctions); consider effects of potential ground-disturbing &source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CC well-drained, gravel to small cobble-sized talus Pesticides or fertilizers can affect silviculture and response to recreational activities. Avoid use of pesticides adjacent to talus. Manage MQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2F salamander with a significant component of fine litter and salamanders and their food supply. activities at cave sites. General life history. lands adjacent to know sites with species in mind as these r6%2Fsfpnw%2Fissssp%2Fdocuments%2Fplanni debris. Moist microclimates; may occur in late- Effects of chemicals, disease. areas may be important dispersal or foraging areas. ng-docs%2Fca-ha-plethodon-larselli-2008-10- successional forest especially with gravel or Connect known populations. 28.doc&ei=aYm9VNqqNo- fractured rock in the soil. 0yATx_YLIBQ&usg=AFQjCNHEr8OpcYUss2wVq dInIHxQjjm6jg&sig2=7ZOZ23nbl_XFhQ9Nuq0odA &bvm=bv.83829542,d.aWw Amphibian Northern SOC X X X X Ponds and wetlands with shallow areas and Loss of egg-laying habitat. Predation and Identify overwintering habitat. Clarify impacts of Revising hydroperiod requirements for mitigation and other red-legged emergent plants. Access to forested habitats competition by invasive fish and bullfrogs. pollutants and parasites on populations. Identify created wetlands in areas occupied by this species would (forested wetland, upland). Forested habitats Habitat fragmentation by roads, suburban habitat use and phenology of same by habitat help prevent population sinks that cause local extirpation. frog with exposed (sunny), still-water breeding development (all populations), other uses type, especially with respect to understanding Creating upland buffer and aquatic habitat retention sites. Breeding habitat can be seasonal or inhospitable to frogs. Alteration of relationship to hydrology and how various requirements for housing developments would help prevent permanent, but must be ≥ 5 months in hydrology (populations in riparian and impacts affect populations. Identify seasonally many local extirpations in the Willamette Valley. Identify duration. floodplain areas, as well as adjacent to important habitat components. 2) Baseline data: regionally important areas for this species and maintain suburban and industrial development). identify what is 'appropriate' carrying capacity connectivity between habitat types. Maintain wetland habitat Although loss of egg-laying habitat is for an area (i.e., what is a 'good' population for with emergent plants. Maintain adjacent forested habitats. widely cited, loss of active-season habitat a given type of habitat). Reference sites in Barriers and/or culverts at key road crossings would greatly is probably more severe than oviposition various types of habitat can help with identifying reduce mortality of this species and help preserve many habitat, and more directly impacts regional trends, especially if they receive long- lowland (Willamette Valley and Coast) populations. Control populations. term monitoring. 3) Life history: there is minimal bullfrogs and invasive fish at key sites. life history data for this species, which is important given its conservation status. 4) Restoration efforts: how does the species respond to restoration? What should be expected in a given situation? Determine what type of 'buffer zone' is required beyond simply retaining connectivity between habitat types.

Amphibian Oregon SOC X X Late successional and second-growth forest Endemic to Cascade Mountains of Habitat requirements. Longevity. Effects of Maintain habitat with late successional attributes suitable http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfpnw/issssp/planning- slender where there are abundant mid to advanced Oregon. Restricted distribution; habitat fragmentation on genetics. Assess and for this species. documents/assessments.shtml decay stage, large diameter Douglas fir logs vulnerable to random events. Columbia monitor effects of riparian buffer widths with salamander and bark debris mounds at the base of snags. River limits dispersal. Require habitat upland forest management within this species Talus and lava fields that retain moisture. Also complexity characteristic of late distribution. uses mixed coniferous and deciduous duff successional and unmanaged younger over mineral and organic soils, often found forests. High site fidelity for reproduction. along margins of little used roads (likely due to runoff patterns and substrate type). Can clump together in groups to remain damp.

Amphibian Oregon T X DG X Permanent ponds, marshes and meandering High fidelity to egg-laying sites. Predation Factors that impact population trends. Impacts Identify known populations. Improve hydrology to benefit USFWS has lots of listing documents at: spotted frog streams through meadows for breeding and and competition by invasive fish and of invasive fish and bullfrogs. Feasibility overwintering and larval habitat. Maintain vegetation buffers http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesP foraging, especially with shallow water and a bullfrogs. Siltation. Some populations are studies on reintroduction at historic sites. around known populations; control bullfrogs and invasive rofile.action?spcode=D02A bottom layer of dead and decaying vegetation. isolated and vulnerable to inbreeding and fish at priority sites. Carefully manage livestock grazing at Springs and other sites with low, continuous extinction. Livestock grazing removes occupied montane wet meadows. Use results of feasibility water flow for overwintering. cover along stream edges and allows studies to guide specific conservation actions and sediment and excessive aquatic management decisions for reintroductions. vegetation to decrease habitat value. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Amphibian Siskiyou SOC X Restricted range to forests in Applegate Lungless salamanders breathe directly Distribution. Biology: Life history, phenology High priority for conservation because of close dependence https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc= Mountain drainage. Require talus deposits or rock through skin so highly vulnerable to (timing), habitat use. Population trends. on forest characteristics, but occur outside existing reserve s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CD outcrops; cool, moist micro-habitats. moisture loss. Highly sensitive to Dispersal. Effects of prescribed fire. system. Within known range, ensure that land use practices QQFjAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2 Salamander disturbance of talus microhabitat or forest retain essential characteristics of talus microhabitat. Foregonfwo%2FToolsForLandowners%2FHabitat overstory. Consider seasonal activity patterns, and schedule surface ConservationPlans%2FConsvAgreements%2FSis activities when species is not active (Oct 1 – May 30). kiyouMtSalamader_CA_2007.PDF&ei=FYq9VP- JJsm3yATqr4DQAw&usg=AFQjCNGfLVkZELrWs gHp2peCYkmWcAa_5A&sig2=WhgpSaLesGyaA Ty6pPl_AQ Amphibian Southern SOC X X X Cold mountain streams, spring heads and Limited dispersal. Adults are highly Distribution. Response to management Maintain stream buffers to maintain cool water torrent seeps. Require loose gravel stream beds with sensitive to drying. Larvae sensitive to activities at varied scales. temperatures and water clarity. Minimize disturbance, such specific geologic characteristics. Specific changes in stream flow. as siltation, at known suitable sites. Provide habitat salamander requirements for stream gradients. connectivity among populations.

Amphibian Western X Dat X X X X Wetlands, ponds and lakes for breeding. Loss of breeding habitat due to changes Status and distribution. Habitat use patterns Maintain water levels and vegetation buffers at major http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s toad a Extensive, sunny shallows with short, sparse in water level management. Siltation. and requirements. Factors that contribute to breeding sites. Install culverts or drift fences at problem &source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CC0 or no vegetation for egg laying and for tadpole Roadkill adjacent to major breeding sites. population declines. Factors that enable toads road crossings near major breeding sites. Inform QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blm.gov%2Fst Ga schools to move widely as they forage on Recreational impacts at certain sites. to colonize new areas. Use of habitat types by recreationalists about the importance of minimizing yle%2Fmedialib%2Fblm%2Fwy%2Fwildlife%2Fan p organic mud and surface diatoms. different life history stages. More reliable survey shoreline impacts. Periodic control of vegetation height and imal- methods for detection of this species. density at occupied sites where these factors could interfere assessmnts.Par.84521.File.dat%2FBorealToad.p Distribution and correlates of occurrence in with breeding. Use distribution information when df&ei=fYq9VIWmFJX_yQSp4oKAAw&usg=AFQjC Coast Range. considering new developments, especially considering mid NGjR_RAswkZ0E8LUCYq_ZDWdlxW9Q&sig2=U or low elevation toad populations. PQ3_0_3Fza9o4t_d6ppEQ

Reptile Northern SOC X Steppe habitats with sandy soils and sparse Habitat loss and fragmentation. Distribution information. Life history. Estimated Use distribution survey results to guide management sagebrush vegetation in the grass/forb layer. population size and trends. Habitat use. Effects actions. Maintain habitat patches; restore habitat lizard of fragmented habitat on populations. Dispersal connectivity where possible. capabilities. Reptile Western X X X X X X Marshy ponds, small lakes, slow-moving Loss of aquatic and nesting habitats Life history information: Growth rate, age at first Provide basking structures and nesting habitats. Control http://www.oregonwildlife.org/wp- painted streams and quiet off-channel portions of (conversion, invasive species). Road reproduction. Impacts from disease introduced invasive plants and animals. Protect important nesting sites content/uploads/2012/06/Western-Painted-Turtle- turtle rivers; prefer muddy bottoms with aquatic mortality. Predation by bullfrogs, fish, and and/or spread by non-native turtles. Population from disturbance. Use wire cages to protect nests from Conservation-Assessment-in-Oregon-Vers-1_1- vegetation; open ground for nesting. Need raccoons. Competition with invasive dynamics and population genetics. Impacts of raccoons at key sites in the short-term where this is a sept20092.pdf sunny logs/vegetation for basking. Need safe turtles. Threats from disturbance and raccoons and invasive species (turtles, fish and problem. Implement ODFW's Turtle BMPs. Prevent illegal movement corridors. degradation of off-channel habitat. bullfrogs). Effects of herbicides, fertilizers, other collection. Prevent release of pet turtles. Reduce risk of chemicals on eggs and hatchlings in nest road mortality. chamber. Hatchling ecology.

Reptile Western SOC X X X X X Marshes, streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes. Life history traits make this species Population dynamics and population genetics. Identify core populations. Use distribution data to establish Conservation Assessment of the Western Pond Pond Turtle Sparsely-vegetated ground nearby for digging vulnerable to habitat loss and alteration of Basic life history information. Impacts of areas for management protection. Provide basking Turtle: nests. Basking structures such as logs; need potential nesting sites (e.g., conversion, raccoons and invasive species (turtles, fish and structures and nesting habitats. Control invasive plants and http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfpnw/issssp/documents/pl opportunities for sun. Safe movement invasive plants). Road mortality. bullfrogs). Effects of herbicides, fertilizers, other animals. Protect important nesting sites from disturbance. anning-docs/ca-hr-actinemys-marmorata-2009- corridors. Predation by raccoons, fish and bullfrogs. chemicals on eggs and hatchlings. Hatchling Implement ODFW's Turtle BMP. Prevent illegal collection. 11.pdf Competition with invasive turtles. ecology. Prevent release of pet turtles. Reduce risk of mortality from roads. Reptile Western X Dry areas with low or sparse vegetation. Habitat loss; lack of exposed bedrock. Locations of remnant western rattlesnake Maintain or restore low grassland habitat near rocky areas, rattlesnake Rocky areas for basking, refuge den sites and Eradication efforts populations and hibernacula. Phenology and minimize disturbance at key den and hibernacula sites. hibernacula habitat requirements Reptile California SOC X X X X Rely on oak and pine woodlands that Limited distribution of suitable habitat. Habitat use, distribution, life history, population Habitat restoration and protection. Vulnerable to vegetative Hollingsworth, B. & Hammerson, G.A. 2007. mountain continue to be converted, developed and density, population dynamics. Need to better succession: Identify areas where species are present and Lampropeltis zonata. The IUCN Red List of kingsnake fragmented. Exact habitat requirements vary understand dispersal ability and microhabitat conduct appropriate habitat management. Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. by region and include exposure, substrate needs. Difficult to survey this secretive species. . Downloaded on 25 type, and degree of isolation. September 2014. Bird Acorn SOC X X Oak woodlands with a high canopy and Loss of oak woodlands in Willamette Nesting ecology, especially nest site Work with private landowners to maintain and restore oak Land Manager's Guide to Bird Habitat and Woodpecke relatively open understory. Dead limbs or Valley. Small, localized populations. requirements. woodlands with open understories, especially large patches. Populations in Oak Ecosystems of the Pacific r snags for storing acorns. Competition for nesting cavities from Maintain snags and older trees with dead limbs. Northwest. European starlings. http://www.abcbirds.org/newsandreports/special_r eports/QuercusGuidePart1.pdf Bird American Delisted X Rock cliffs for nest sites. Uses offshore rocks Eggshell thinning caused by Relationship between wintering locations of The federal monitoring plan provides information on USFWS Monitoring Plan for the American Peregrine and islands in Coast Range ecoregion. organochlorine pesticides (e.g., residual Oregon breeders and contaminant levels. management and conservation actions for this formerly Peregrine Falcon. Falcon DDT in the environment). Human federally-listed species. Protect nest-sites from disturbance. https://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa- disturbance at nests. Reduction of prey Regulations are in place for allowing the limited taking of library/pdf/Peregrineplan2003.pdf populations. peregrine falcons for falconry (regulated through Oregon Administrative Rules 635-055); annual sampling is needed to support authorized take.

Bird American X X Forested habitats usually above 5,000 feet. Small, often disjunct populations. Population size and trends. Habitat Maintain areas of high snag density especially above 5,000 American Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides Three-toed Dead trees with heartrot for nesting and high Specific habitat requirements. Reductions relationships. Nesting ecology. feet where compatible with other forest objectives (e.g ., dorsalis): A Technical Conservation Assessment Woodpecke densities of wood-boring beetles for foraging. in snag availability due to fire suppression maintain bark beetle infested trees in areas of low risk of http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMEN r Often associated with large-scale forest and forest health management. insect infestation into adjacent forests). TS/stelprdb5182071.pdf disturbances that produce a high density of snags (e.g ., forest fires, disease pockets and bark beetle outbreaks). Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Bird American X X Isolated and sparsely vegetated terrestrial Specialized nesting and foraging habitat Identification of landscape-level breeding and Minimize human disturbance in nesting areas during Pacific Flyway American White Pelican Monitoring White nesting habitat associated with rivers, lakes subject to droughts, floods, and post-breeding habitat needs for responding to breeding season and in shallow feeding areas. Where Strategy Pelican and freshwater marshes. Shallow water areas manipulated water levels. Sensitive to annual site-specific changes in water levels. appropriate, manage water levels to provide suitable http://pacificflyway.gov/Documents/Awp_strategy. for cooperative feeding. human disturbance and mammalian foraging and nesting habitat. pdf predators at nest sites. Small, disjunct populations. Bird Black Brant X X Wintering birds need eelgrass and sea lettuce Small and declining wintering population. Impact of human disturbance on foraging. Maintain existing eelgrass beds by reducing human caused Pacific Flyway Management Plan for Pacific beds for foraging in areas with limited human Loss and degradation of eelgrass beds. Wintering ecology. Effects of habitat quality at degradation. Restore eelgrass beds to enhance quality and Brant. disturbance. Estuaries with eelgrass are the High vulnerability to oil spills. spring staging sites on reproductive fitness and quantity. http://pacificflyway.gov/Documents/Pb_plan.pdf primary habitat in Oregon. success. Historic and current abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation in Oregon’s primary estuaries. Bird Black SOC X Rocky coastal habitats with sufficient intertidal Suitable habitat that remains relatively Breeding/wintering population size. Impacts of Limit disturbance in nesting and foraging areas. Take Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) Oystercatch invertebrate prey and minimal disturbance or disturbance-free during the nesting climate change (e.g., sea level rise) on precautions to protect against oil spills. Conservation Action Plan. er ground predators. period. Successful nesting in Oregon may breeding habitat. Connectivity of Oregon http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/currentbirdissu be limited to islands where ground population to regional population. es/management/focalspecies/plans/bloy.pdf predators, egg depredation and disturbance are limited or absent. Highly susceptible to oil spills that affect nesting and foraging habitat. Bird Black Swift X Nests are associated with waterfalls that have Small and disjunct populations. Discrete Survey potential sites to determine nesting Avoid disturbance around waterfall nesting locations and Black Swift (Cypseloides niger): A Technical limited light, and crevices and ledges for nest and unique nesting habitat. sites. minimize disturbance to forested habitat around sites. Conservation Assessment. sites. Forage over large areas and at high Maintain water flow at occupied sites. Improve detection http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMEN elevations. methods. TS/stelprdb5182062.pdf Bird Black- X X Forested habitats usually above 5,000 feet. Small, often disjunct populations. Population size and trends. Habitat Maintain areas of high snag density in wildfire and other Conservation Strategy for Landbirds of the East- backed Dead trees with heartrot for nesting and high Specific habitat requirements. Reductions relationships. Nesting ecology disturbance areas, especially above 5,000 feet, where Slope of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon and Woodpecke densities of wood-boring beetles for foraging. in snag availability due to fire compatible with other forest objectives (e.g., maintain bark Washington. r Often associated with large-scale forest suppression and forest health beetle infested trees in areas of low risk of insect infestation http://www.orwapif.org/sites/default/files/east_slop disturbances that produce a high density of management. into adjacent forests). e.pdf snags (e.g., forest fires, disease pockets and bark beetle outbreaks). Bird Black- X Alkali and freshwater ponds and lakes with Very specific nesting habitat on the edge Identification of landscape-level breeding and Maintain suitable nesting and foraging areas across the Northern Pacific Coast Regional Shorebird necked Stilt extensive large shallow areas free of of lakes or shallow inland wetlands often post-breeding habitat needs for responding to landscape to provide sufficient habitat regardless of annual Management Plan. disturbance for foraging. with emergent vegetation. Nesting areas annual site-specific changes in water levels. variation in precipitation and water levels. Manage for http://www.shorebirdplan.org/regional-shorebird- can be vulnerable to drought and flood Nest predation sources. Implications of climate pollution concerns including organochlorine pesticides, conservation-plans/ conditions, leading to abandonment. change. selenium and mercury. Colonial nester, so vulnerable to disturbance. Moves in response to water levels.

Bird Bobolink X X Broad leaf forbs (e.g., clover, alfalfa, false Population declines. Small, scattered, Population size and trends. Possible impact of Partnerships with private landowners to manage habitat. Conservation Strategy for Landbirds in the lupine, potentilla) for nesting cover and insect colonial populations, many on private cowbird parasitism and corvid predation on Remove residual vegetation and stimulate new growth prior Columbia Plateau of Eastern Oregon and resources. land. Sensitivity to flooding and some small populations. to breeding season. Delay field maintenance (e.g., mowing, Washington. agricultural practices. haying) until after the breeding season. http://www.orwapif.org/sites/default/files/columbia _basin.pdf Bird Brewer's X Sagebrush shrubland with canopy height less Reduction and fragmentation of suitable Taxonomy. Distribution of subspecies in Maintain suitable shrub habitats for breeding. Maintain Conservation Strategy for Landbirds in the Sparrow than 5 feet. Often associated with big nesting habitat. Cheatgrass invasion. Oregon. connectivity among habitat patches. Columbia Plateau of Eastern Oregon and sagebrush, also utilizes a variety of shrub Washington. habitats. Nests in thick crowns or low in brush, http://www.orwapif.org/sites/default/files/columbia or in clumps of grass. _basin.pdf Bird California Delisted X Nearshore pelagic and estuarine habitat for Forage fish availability. High potential risk Effects of human disturbance. Extent of nesting Ensure disturbance is minimized on roosting and nesting Draft post-delisting monitoring plan for the Brown Brown foraging. Offshore rocks and islands, to oil spills. Entanglement in commercial in Oregon. Impacts of marine renewable energy islands in the Lower Columbia River Estuary and along the Pelican (Peclicanus occidentalis). Pelican inaccessible headland areas, sandy islands, fishing gear. development. Oregon coast. http://www.fws.gov/wafwo/pdf/Draft_Brown_Pelica and sand spits for roosting and nesting. n_Post_Delisting_Monitoring.pdf

Bird Caspian X X X X Unvegetated nesting islands free of Requires long-term availability of suitable Predation levels on various runs of salmonids. The USFWS Status Assessment and Conservation Caspian Tern Management to Reduce Predation Tern mammalian predators. nesting sites. Colonial-nesting is Predation levels on fish species of concern in Recommendations Plan provides information on of Juvenile Salmonids in the Columbia River vulnerable to random, human-induced or interior Oregon. appropriate conservation actions for this species. Protection Estuary, Final Environmental Impact Statement natural events. of breeding colonies from human disturbance. http://www.fws.gov/pacific/migratorybirds/pdf/Cas pian_Tern_Final_EIS.pdf

Bird Chipping X Open areas of herbaceous understory for Declining populations. Loss and Effects of cowbird parasitism on productivity. Maintain areas of open herbaceous understory in oak The Willamette Valley Landowner's Guide to Sparrow foraging in oak woodlands. degradation of oak woodland habitats due Effects of feral cats in residential nesting areas. woodlands. Control key invasive plants. Creating Habitat for Grassland Birds. to development, loss of natural fire Management practices in agricultural areas http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/d regimes and invasive plant encroachment (e.g., orchards). ocs/grassland_bird_habitat/Grasslands.pdf in the understory. Known nest predators include snakes, American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), and domestic cat (Felis catus).

Bird Columbian SOC X Bunchgrass prairies interspersed with stream Historically, habitat loss from conversion Determine additional candidate sites for Monitor leks and wintering areas. Work with landowners to Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Re- Sharp-tailed bottoms containing deciduous shrubs and of bunchgrass prairie to cropland (pre restoration and reintroduction. Determine improve habitat and minimize impacts of grazing. Manage introducing Columbia sharp-tailed grouse Grouse trees. 1915). Small, declining, reintroduced habitat suitability for Oregon sites. Address and protect large expanses of suitable habitat, establish webpage. Available at: population north of Enterprise limited by limiting factors to stabilize or increase connectivity between occupied and candidate sites. http://www.dfw.state.or.us/resources/hunting/upla drought, fire, fence strikes, predation, and reintroduced population. nd_bird/projects/sharp_tailed_grouse.asp availability of winter habitat. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Bird Common X X X Gravel bars and other sparsely vegetated Loss of nesting habitat, increased Inventory of gravel bars along large rivers for Maintain sparsely vegetated grassland patches, restore The Willamette Valley Landowner's Guide to Nighthawk grasslands for nesting; aerial insectivore prey predation by corvids, gulls and house nesting birds. riparian and wetland habitats for insect prey base Creating Habitat for Grassland Birds. base for foraging. cats; reduction in prey base (aerial http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/d insects). ocs/grassland_bird_habitat/Grasslands.pdf Bird Dusky X Adequate food resources (high quality, high Decline in this species is primarily due to Effects of habitat loss on movements and use Information on conservation strategies is available in the Pacific Flyway Management Plan for the Dusky Canada protein herbaceous plants) in sufficient spatial poor reproduction in its breeding range in of private lands. Pacific Flyway Management Plan and Conservation Canada Goose. Goose and temporal distribution to sustain migratory Alaska. Currently, wintering habitat in Assessment for the Dusky Canada Goose (USFWS). http://pacificflyway.gov/Documents/Dcg_plan.pdf and wintering populations. Oregon is being lost due to conversions from agricultural pastures and grass seed crops to other uses (other crops, urban development, etc.). Use of private lands limits management options.

Bird Ferruginous SOC X X X Open grassy areas and shrub-steppe with Populations fluctuate based on prey Relationships with prey species, especially in Provide diverse herbaceous and low shrub vegetation to Washington State Recovery Plan for the Hawk scattered shrubs or trees for perching and availability. Sensitive to human agricultural landscapes. Impacts of wind energy support prey populations (e.g., jackrabbits and ground Ferruginous Hawk. nesting. Suitable nest sites in scattered disturbance during the nesting season. development. squirrels). Maintain known and potential nestsite trees (e.g., http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/01336/ juniper trees, cottonwood trees near small Loss of mature juniper trees in suitable mature juniper). Minimize human disturbance (including streams, or on rocky sites with an expansive nesting areas. Conversion of juniper rodent control and chemical applications) within 0.6 miles of view. Also nests on rimrock or undisturbed savannah to juniper woodland in some active nest sites from March 5 – June 15. Work ground. Large area requirements. Vulnerable areas due to fire suppression. cooperatively with agricultural landowners to maintain to human presence and disturbance. average field size of <40 acres and >25% of nesting areas in natural vegetation at priority sites.

Bird Flammulate X X X X Mid-elevation forests (3,880-4,600 feet) with Habitat degradation by encroaching trees Complete inventory for occurrence and Retain or enhance management practices to enhance Conservation Strategy for Landbirds of the East- d Owl no understory. Small patches of dense and shrubs often as a result of fire distribution. Impact of forest management mature forest conditions. Promote snag retention. Minimize Slope of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon and thickets for roosting. Open patches of suppression. Loss of ponderosa pine practices on habitat suitability for the species. insect control around forest openings near nesting areas. Washington. grassland/meadow to forage on insects. trees and snags. Limited snag and cavity Basic nesting ecology. Use and monitor nest-boxes in areas of deficient snags. http://www.orwapif.org/sites/default/files/east_slop Medium to large snags or deformed trees with availability. Insect control reducing prey e.pdf existing woodpecker holes/cavities for nesting. availability. Low reproductive rate.

Bird Fork-tailed X Coastal islands with deep sandy soil for Small population. Vulnerable to predation Population is not well documented. Information Maintain existing closure of nesting areas to human Regional Seabird Conservation Plan, Pacific Storm- burrowing amid ground cover vegetation. from non-native and artificially abundant on breeding biology and foraging areas. visitation. Continue implementing mammalian predator Region. Petrel native predators. Vulnerable to ingestion Impacts of light attraction at onshore and control at Oregon seabird colonies. Improve survey http://www.fws.gov/Pacific/migratorybirds/PDF/Se of plastic and oil due to surface foraging offshore energy facilities or other methods. Advocate ocean and coastal development abird%20Conservation%20Plan%20Complete.pdf behavior. developments. projects to monitor and minimize impacts. Bird Franklin's X Relatively large marsh habitat with both Small, disjunct breeding population. Factors influencing dependence on upland Minimize human disturbance in nesting areas during the Waterbird Conservation for the Americas. Gull emergent vegetation for nesting and deep Specialized nesting habitat. Sensitivity to foraging versus marsh foraging (e.g., marsh breeding season and in shallow feeding areas. Where http://iwjv.org/resource/north-american-waterbird- water to ensure foraging habitat through nesting disturbance and fluctuating water size, characteristics). Landscape-level breeding appropriate, manage water levels to provide suitable conservation-plan breeding season and to prevent access to levels. and post-breeding habitat needs for responding foraging and nesting habitat. nests by predators. to annual site-specific changes in water levels.

Bird Grasshoppe X X X Dry grassland habitat with low to moderate Small, disjunct populations. Loss of Complete population inventory and habitat Maintain or restore grassland habitat. Increase plant The Willamette Valley Landowner's Guide to r Sparrow grass height and low percent shrub cover. grassland habitats due to habitat evaluation. Effects of habitat patch size on diversity for greater insect diversity. Maintain high percent Creating Habitat for Grassland Birds. Large habitat area requirements. conversion and shrub/tree encroachment. abundance and productivity. Effectiveness of native grass cover and <10% shrub cover in patches > 20 http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/d Nesting failure due to timing of land use planting mixtures to favor this species. Impact acres. Delay mowing and other field management until after ocs/grassland_bird_habitat/Grasslands.pdf practices (e.g., mowing, haying, of grazing and agricultural management on July 15 at known nesting areas. Control key invasive plants. spraying). productivity. Bird Great Gray X X X X Late-successional forests for nesting with Requires large forested areas with Value of harvested forest clearings acting as Maintain late-successional forests with natural open Survey Protocol for the Great Gray Owl within the Owl grassy openings for foraging. Large diameter montane grassland clearings. Affected by foraging habitat. Effects of rodent control. meadow areas. Use of prescribed fire when practicable to Range of the Northwest Forest Plan. snags or large-branch structures for nesting. reductions in this type of habitat mosaic. maintain habitat. Thinning or removal of trees that encroach http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/surveyandmanage/fil meadows. Protect known nest sites from logging. This es/06-great_grey_owl_v3_enclosed.pdf species readily accepts artificial platforms even when previously utilized natural nest sites are available. Modified forest management can enhance habitat by opening up dense forest stands. Bird Greater C X X Requires large areas of contiguous sagebrush Population declines and local extirpations. See detailed presentation in Greater Sage- See detailed presentation in Greater Sage-Grouse See Sage- habitat including a mosaic of conditions. Wet Disjunct populations. Habitat loss and Grouse Conservation Assessment and Conservation Assessment and Conservation Strategy for http://www.dfw.state.or.us/wildlife/sagegrouse/. Grouse meadows and playas during brood rearing, fragmentation. Juniper expansion into Conservation Strategy for Oregon Oregon Also, especially areas with native forbs. sagebrush. Impact of increased fire http://www.blm.gov/or/energy/opportunity/sagebru frequency and intensity on sagebrush due sh.php and to invasive annual plants. Dependence on http://orsolutions.org/osproject/sagecon. specific conditions for suitable lek sites. Human disturbance at lek sites.

Bird Greater X X X Relatively large wetland-wet/dry meadow Large area requirements. Sensitive to Habitat area requirements relative to the quality Maintain and/or enhance hydrological conditions to support Greater Sandhill Crane Habitat Initiative: Meeting Sandhill complexes with a mosaic of aquatic and disturbance. Reductions in wetland/wet of the habitat. Difference in food resource suitable habitat conditions for nesting and foraging in tracts the Information Needs for a Landscape Crane herbaceous conditions for nesting and meadow quality, quantity, and size due to utilization in wet and dry meadows and at >20 acres. Where hydrology can be managed, include both Conservation Strategy. foraging. hydrological changes, succession (shrub different breeding sites. Effects of pesticides on wet and dry meadow habitat through the nesting season. http://iwjv.org/sites/default/files/iwjv_grt_sandhill_ and conifer encroachment), and/or food resources. Impact of livestock grazing on Minimize disturbance during breeding season (4/15 – 7/31) crane_habitat_initiative_0.pdf livestock grazing. Impacts of agricultural habitat suitability. Impact of nest predation at known nesting areas. Use prescribed burning or hand- practices (e.g., mowing, unmanaged under different habitat conditions. Impacts from felling of trees periodically to set back plant succession. grazing) on nesting. Coyote predation on disturbance due to recreational use (e.g., young. Common Raven (Corvus corax) OHVs). predation on eggs. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Harlequin SOC X X Breeds along moderately sized mountain Narrow breeding habitat requirements, Estimated population size. More extensive data Minimize disturbance in breeding areas. Final Report on 2012 and 2013 ISSSP Harlequin Duck streams with boulder substrate. Nests along high breeding site fidelity, low on breeding locations in the Coast Range. Duck Monitoring in the Oregon Cascades, stream or islands in streams in well concealed reproductive rates, and delayed Winter surveys along coast. Willamette and Mt. Hood National Forests and areas. Forages on benthic macro reproduction. Wintering coastal birds Salem and Eugene Bureau of Land Management invertebrates in fast flowing clear water with subject to disturbance, including pollution Districts. rocky bottom. Molts and winters in nearshore and oil exposure from oil spills. http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfpnw/issssp/documents3/i areas along the coast. nv-rpt-bi-histrionicus-histrionicus-multi-units- 2013.pdf Juniper X Mature juniper trees with cavities for nesting. Small, disjunct populations. Reduction Distribution and estimated population size and Maintain large stands of mature juniper within the species' Sharing the Land with Pinyon-Juniper Birds. Titmouse Expansive areas of mature juniper habitat, and fragmentation of stands of mature status. Habitat patch size requirements for a range. Maintain mature juniper trees when thinning http://www.partnersinflight.org/pubs/PJ%20manua especially in winter. juniper trees from development, wildfire, population, especially in winter. encroaching small juniper trees. l%20Nov%2008%20low-res.pdf or juniper management. Bird Leach's X Coastal islands with deep sandy soil for Specialized nesting habitat. Vulnerable to Breeding biology. Important foraging areas. Maintain existing closure of nesting areas to human Regional Seabird Conservation Plan, Pacific Storm- burrowing and cover of grass (e.g., Phalaris predation from non-native and artificially Impacts of light attraction at onshore and visitation; continue implementing mammalian predator Region. Petrel and Elymus and forb species. abundant native predators. Vulnerable to offshore energy facilities or other control at Oregon seabird colonies. Improve survey http://www.fws.gov/Pacific/migratorybirds/PDF/Se ingestion of plastic and oil due to surface developments. methods. Advocate ocean energy development projects to abird%20Conservation%20Plan%20Complete.pdf foraging behavior. monitor and minimize impacts.

Bird Lewis’ SOC X X X X X This species has 5 major habitat types: Population declines and local extirpations. Thorough inventory of distribution and analysis Maintain or restore open oak, ponderosa pine, and Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis): A Woodpecke ponderosa pine, oak woodlands, oak-pine Habitat loss and degradation. Loss of old of habitat relationships. Impact of grazing on cottonwood woodlands along with post-fire ponderosa pine Technical Conservation Assessment. r woodlands, cottonwood riparian forests, and cottonwood snags. Competition from insect productivity in undergrowth. habitats. Use nestboxes to provide habitat in known nesting http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMEN areas burned by wildfires. In all cases, special European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris ) for areas. TS/stelprdb5182072.pdf needs include aerial insect populations for nest cavities. Large areas of suitable foraging, large snags for nesting (especially habitat exist on private lands, limiting soft or well-decayed snags), and relatively management actions. open canopy for flycatching.

Bird Little Willow SOC X Brushy patches of vegetation adjacent to Declining populations. Loss of riparian Population size and trends. Restore brushy patches of willow and other native shrubby Conservation Strategy for Landbirds in Lowlands Flycatcher water for nesting and foraging. shrub habitat. habitats near water. Control non-native plants to improve and Valleys of Watern Oregon and Washington. native shrub plant communities. http://www.orwapif.org/sites/default/files/western_l owlands.pdf

Bird Loggerhead X X Tall sagebrush for nesting and roosting. Habitat loss. Population declines. Loss of Post-fledging survivorship as a function of Maintain late seral sagebrush with patches of tall shrubs. Loggerhead Shrike Status Assessment. Shrike Openings with grasses and significant bare sagebrush to high intensity wildfires. habitat quality. Impacts of pesticide use on prey http://www.fws.gov/Midwest/es/soc/birds/LOSH/L ground for foraging. base, especially grasshoppers. OSHSA_entire.pdf Bird Long-billed X X X X Open habitats with relatively short grass and Loss of breeding habitat. Conversion of Data on nesting success. Identification of key Partnerships with private landowners to maintain and Status assessment and conservation action plan Curlew few or no trees/shrubs. In Northern Basin and grassland and agricultural land to other areas for the conservation of the species. restore large patches of short grass habitat, including for the Long-billed Curlew (Numenius Range ecoregion, much of the suitable habitat croplands. Human disturbance during the Demonstration of the role of ranching on habitat ranching operations. Minimize human disturbance during americanus). http://www.fws.gov/mountain- is comprised of sub-irrigated meadows nesting period. management for the species. Mar 15 - July 1 at known nesting areas. Increase water prairie/species/birds/longbilled_curlew/BTP-LB- created by adjoining flood irrigated meadows. availability during key brood rearing periods through Curlew-rev-9-14-09.pdf development of impoundments, securing water rights on public and private lands, and the development of incentives for private land managers to use more compatible water management practices when practicable.

Bird Marbled CHT X X X Late-successional forest with specific nest Reductions and modifications in late- Effectiveness of protected forested nesting Continue marine (at-sea) surveys to detect population Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) 5- Murrelet tree characteristics. successional forests. Low reproductive areas to species’ recovery; identify gaps and changes in Oregon. Continue inland surveys to detect Year Review. output combined with low reproductive shortfalls. Knowledge and understanding of the presence and nesting locations. Monitor impacts to nesting http://www.fws.gov/wafwo/species/Fact%20sheets success. Habitat loss due to dynamics of how predator populations are success. Advocate ocean energy development projects to /5%20Year%20Review%202009.pdf uncharacteristically severe fire in Klamath affected by habitat parameters and human uses monitor and minimize impacts. Minimize predation rates. Mountain ecoregion. (e.g. recreation). Role of isolation and/or fragmentation of nesting habitat with levels of nest predation. Minimum area requirements.

Bird Mountain SOC X Shrubby riparian habitats adjacent to grassy Range retractions and local extirpations. Wintering habitat requirements. Partnership programs with private landowners to maintain Western Quail Management Plan. Quail uplands. Small, disjunct populations. and/or provide suitable habitat. Coordinate riparian http://www.wildlifemanagementinstitute.org/PDF/ restoration with management of suitable adjacent uplands. Western%20Quail%20Management%20Plan%20( 05.08).pdf Bird Northern SOC X X Large area requirements with a mosaic of Large area requirements. Affected by Estimated population densities. Maintain late successional forest habitat. Maintain natural Northern Goshawk Inventory and Monitoring Goshawk forest stages, forest openings, and habitat reductions in amount of late successional forest openings through prescribed fire, thinning and hand- Technical Guide. components (e.g., snags, down logs). Open forest. removal of encroaching conifers. http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/wo_gtr071.pdf forest floor for access to ground dwelling prey.

Bird Northern LT X X X X X Large areas of late successional forest for Large home range requirements. Impacts of forest operations and management. Largely being pursued on federal lands in Washington, Revised Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Spotted Owl breeding and dispersal. Reductions in late successional forest. Interactions with, and impacts from, Barred Oregon and California through the Northwest Forest Plan, Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Hybridization with and competition from Owls. federal recovery plan, Oregon Forest Practices Act on state http://www.fws.gov/pacific/ecoservices/documents Barred Owls (Strix varia ). Sensitive to and private lands, and several habitat conservation plans /RevisedNSORecPlan2011.pdf West Nile Virus. Habitat loss due to on private lands. uncharacteristically severe fire in Klamath Mountains ecoregion. Bird Olive-sided SOC X X X X X Open mature coniferous forest, forested Relatively large area requirements Comparison of prey resources and reproductive Maintain scattered large dead trees in patchy wildfires. Kotliar, N. B. 2007. Olive-sided flycatcher: A Flycatcher riparian habitat, forest openings (e.g., burns, (compared to other songbirds). Increased success in burns and harvested forest, and Maintain natural openings, but minimize harvested forest technical Conservation Assessment for the Rocky harvested forest), or forest edge with tall, predation rates in harvest units within a within various harvest types. openings within mature forest landscapes. Mountain Region. prominent trees and/or snags. Hemlocks or landscape of mature or highly fragmented http://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/Resources/Cons true firs for nesting. Tree cavities near or over forests. ervation/SierraNevadaWildlife/OliveSidedFlycatch water. Abundance of insects. er/OSF-Kotliar07.pdf Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Bird Oregon SOC X X Grasslands for foraging and nesting, with high Small disjunct populations. Loss and Population response to restoration activities Maintain or restore grassland habitat, increase plant The Willamette Valley Landowner's Guide to Vesper structural diversity. Grassy areas with degradation of grassland habitats due to diversity for greater insect diversity, control key invasive Creating Habitat for Grassland Birds. Sparrow scattered shrubs/trees and some bare ground. invasive plants and lack of fire. plants. In the Willamette Valley, reduce or avoid mechanical http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/d Susceptible to predation by cats, ground operations during nesting (mid-May to July 15). ocs/grassland_bird_habitat/Grasslands.pdf squirrels, skunks, and raccoons.

Bird Pileated X Mixed coniferous forests, especially late Habitat fragmentation. Reductions in Population trend information. Maintain and create large-diameter hollow trees, snags, and Ecology of the Pileated Woodpecker in Woodpecke successional stands. Large-diameter trees snag availability due to fire suppression logs during forest management activities. Northeastern Oregon. r and snags for nest and roost sites. Large- and forest health management. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3801036?seq=1#page diameter snags and logs for foraging sites. _scan_tab_contents Bird Red-necked X Large lakes and ponds within a forested Small isolated population. Susceptible to Survey data is only periodic and incomplete. Maintain and enhance marshy vegetation at occupied Waterbird Conservation for the Americas. Grebe landscape. Deep water for foraging and pesticide impacts on reproduction. Needs Determine potential impacts of recreational site(s). Minimize disturbance at breeding and roosting http://iwjv.org/resource/north-american-waterbird- marshy emergent vegetation for nesting. high water quality with diverse boating on breeding success. Impact of locations. This species readily uses artificial wetlands. conservation-plan invertebrate and fish prey. cumulative effects of pesticides and heavy Artificial nest platforms been used successfully on Lake metals. Affect of deteriorating water quality due Ontario. to agricultural run-off, drought, and pollution.

Bird Rock X Undisturbed, rocky coastal habitat with Small migrant and wintering population in Few systematic counts have been undertaken Minimize disturbance at wintering and migration locations. Northern Pacific Coast Regional Shorebird Sandpiper sufficient intertidal prey. Oregon. Regional declines noted in the in winter. Identify high priority wintering and Take precautions to protect against oil spills. Management Plan. past. High vulnerability to oil spills. migration locations. Impacts of human http://www.shorebirdplan.org/regional-shorebird- disturbance. conservation-plans/ Bird Sage X Primarily occurs in big sagebrush Sensitive to fragmentation. Negative Area requirements. Conditions to maintain Maintain sagebrush cover at 10-25% and height at > 20 Sagebrush Communities in the Intermountain Sparrow communities. Requires high shrub cover and association with densely growing annual source populations. Effects of Brown-headed inches, with <10% invasive annual grasses and open West. low grass and litter cover in relatively large invasive plants such as cheatgrass. Loss Cowbird (Molothrus ater ) parasitism. ground cover >10% in patches >400 acres where possible. http://www.abcbirds.org/newsandreports/special_r patches. of sagebrush to high intensity, high eports/SagebrushGuide.pdf frequency wildfires because of invasive grasses. Sensitive to grazing.

Bird Short-eared X Large expanses of marshes and wet prairies Loss of large expanses of wetland (marsh Complete breeding season inventory of suitable Maintain and restore wetland habitats, with an emphasis on The Willamette Valley Landowner's Guide to Owl for foraging and nesting. and wet prairie) habitat. Small population. nesting habitat. Habitat relationships of maintaining large patches and/or expanding smaller ones. Creating Habitat for Grassland Birds. Nests and communally roosts on ground, breeding and wintering birds. Minimize disturbance at known communal roost sites. http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/d which makes species vulnerable to ocs/grassland_bird_habitat/Grasslands.pdf disturbance. Bird Slender- X Mature, large-diameter oak trees for foraging Few mature oaks. Limited cavities. Patch size requirements. Dispersal ability. Maintain large oaks. Preserve trees containing cavities Land Manager's Guide to Bird Habitat and billed and nesting cavities. High canopy cover in Susceptible to nest predation and Potential for re-introductions. whenever possible. Promote development of larger oaks. Populations in Oak Ecosystems of the Pacific (White- connected patches. competition from European Starlings and Where possible, implement controlled burns to maintain oak Northwest. breasted) other cavity-nesters. tree dominance and prevent conifer encroachment. http://www.abcbirds.org/newsandreports/special_r Nuthatch eports/QuercusGuidePart1.pdf Bird Snowy X Tree, shrub, or stout herbaceous vegetation Small, disjunct populations. Declining Factors contributing to and effects from Minimize human disturbance in nesting areas during the Waterbird Conservation for the Americas. Egret such as hardstem bulrush for nest sites. population trends. Colonial nester. competition with other herons and egrets, breeding season. http://iwjv.org/resource/north-american-waterbird- Sensitive to human disturbance especially non-native Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus conservation-plan ibis ). Bird Streaked LT X Open, treeless expanse of sparsely vegetated Large area requirements. Low Evaluate appropriateness of reintroductions to Maintain or restore large sparsely vegetated grassland The Willamette Valley Landowner's Guide to Horned grassland areas (including bare ground reproductive success. Loss and areas where extirpated. Demographic studies to habitat, create nesting areas, increase plant diversity for Creating Habitat for Grassland Birds. Lark patches) for nesting and foraging. degradation of grassland habitat. Nesting determine population viability. Alternative greater insect diversity, control key non-native plants. http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/d failure due to agricultural practices (e.g., approaches to reduce airstrikes. Overwintering Designate locations to be managed for core populations. ocs/grassland_bird_habitat/Grasslands.pdf mowing, haying, spraying). Predation at habitat selection and components of high- Recommend minimizing disturbance during breeding and nest sites. Mortality from rodenticides quality wintering habitat. Causes of adult fledging period, mid-April through mid-August. Improving (zinc phosphide). mortality. Methods for improving fecundity. nesting habitat away from active runways may reduce Adult and natal dispersal and movements of collisions and improve adult survival if enough suitable adults following nest failure. habitat exists away from the runway.

Bird Swainson’s X X X X Expansive grassland habitat with scattered Declining populations. Relatively large Systematic surveys for the species. Potential Partnerships with private landowners are critical along with Conservation Strategy for Landbirds in the Hawk nest trees and small mammal populations for area requirements. Significant losses of competition with Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo comprehensive conservation planning with federal land Columbia Plateau of Eastern Oregon and prey. grassland habitat. High mortality of jamaicensis ) especially where nest trees are managers. Protection of nest trees is important. Maintain Washington. wintering populations in the Pampas of limited. shrub-steppe and herbaceous shrubs habitats to allow for a http://www.orwapif.org/sites/default/files/columbia Argentina from pesticide misuse is well diversity of prey species. _basin.pdf documented. Bird Tufted X X Steep slopes and deep soil for burrowing on Availability of habitat with nesting Accurate population estimates (difficult to Prevent introduction of ground predators and human Regional Seabird Conservation Plan, Pacific Puffin coastal islands and rocky headlands with substrate (soil covered) is naturally survey this burrow-nesting species). Reasons disturbance near nesting areas. Advocate ocean energy Region. minimal human or mammalian disturbance. limited in Oregon and vulnerable to for perceived population decline need to be development minimize negative impacts. Take precautions http://www.fws.gov/Pacific/migratorybirds/PDF/Se impacts from humans and predators. investigated. Potential impacts from marine to protect against oil spills. abird%20Conservation%20Plan%20Complete.pdf High potential vulnerability to oil spills. renewable energy projects. Bird Upland SOC X Large breeding area requirements. Wet and Very small, disjunct populations. Thorough inventory of distribution. Analysis of Partnerships with private landowners to determine and Conservation Plan for the Upland Sandpiper Sandpiper dry meadows in small valleys such as Logan Encroachment of meadows by lodgepole habitat relationships and requirements. implement appropriate conservation on suitable habitat (Bartramia longicauda). Valley, Bear Valley and around Ukiah. Medium- pine (possibly due to fire suppression Relationship between land use and habitat patches. Remove encroaching lodgepole pine trees in http://www.whsrn.org/sites/default/files/file/Upland height grasses with high plant diversity. and/or changes in water distribution). suitability. meadows. _Sandpiper_Conservation_Plan_v1.1_10_02- Current habitat includes nearby lodgepole pine 28.pdf and sagebrush. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Bird Western X Grasslands and oak savannahs for foraging. Habitat loss and degradation due to Effects of contaminants (insecticides) on Maintain or restore grassland and oak savannah habitat. Land Manager's Guide to Bird Habitat and Bluebird Cavities in oaks for nesting. Scattered trees or invasive non-native plants and lack of insectivorous bird species. Locations of and Maintain oaks >22 inches diameter at breast height. Retain Populations in Oak Ecosystems of the Pacific shrubs as hunting perches. fire. Competition for cavities from non- factors key to success for natural cavity-nesting snags and live trees with large, dead branches to improve Northwest. native birds. Predation by house cats, pairs. availability of nest cavities. Maintain nest box programs for http://www.abcbirds.org/newsandreports/special_r raccoons, hawks, snakes, rodents, and cavity habitat in the short-term, design and place nest eports/QuercusGuidePart1.pdf weasels. Sensitive to disease and boxes to minimize use by starlings. Brush/slash piles parasites. created as a result of management activities may provide limited, short-term habitat in young conifer forests. Maintain >20% combination of short, herbaceous vegetation and/or bare ground in breeding areas. Monitor and manage for understory vegetation diversity to support an abundance of invertebrate prey.

Bird Western SOC X X X Burrows (created by other species, particularly Reduction in adequate size and number Value of artificial nesting structures for Maintain open ground cover >40-70%, shrub cover <15%, Status Assessment and Conservation Plan for the Burrowing badgers) for nesting. High proportion of bare of burrows due to habitat loss and population expansion and/or re-introduction. and native grass cover <40% and <6 inches tall in nesting Western Burrowing Owl in the United States. Owl ground near burrows. reduction in burrowing mammal areas. Provide 200 meter buffer zones around nest burrows https://www.fws.gov/mountain- populations. Illegal shooting of owls where pesticide applications, rodent control and human prairie/species/birds/wbo/Western%20Burrowing and/or badgers. Disturbance during disturbance is minimized. Protect badger populations in %20Owlrev73003a.pdf nesting season. Collisions with vehicles. areas where burrowing owls are present. Collapse of burrows by livestock trampling. Bird Western X Large expanses of grasslands for foraging and Populations sensitive to loss, Comprehensive survey effort in the Willamette Maintain and/or restore grassland habitat, especially large The Willamette Valley Landowner's Guide to Meadowlark nesting due to relatively large home range degradation, and fragmentation of Valley. Evaluate response of meadowlark expanses (e.g., >100 acres). Promote overall structural Creating Habitat for Grassland Birds. requirements. Limited scattered shrubs, trees grassland habitats. Require large areas of productivity to prairie restoration. Need diversity in grassland habitats and limit the cover of trees http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/d or posts for singing perches. Prefer habitat grassland habitat. Susceptible to nest demographic studies for populations in altered and shrubs (<10%). Ensure good overall structural diversity ocs/grassland_bird_habitat/Grasslands.pdf with structural diversity, variation in forb height predation from raccoons, ground prairie-oak habitats such as pasture, hay fields, with a relatively high percent cover of native forbs (>10%) and vegetation cover class <25 cm in height. squirrels, snakes, cats, and dogs. Adult airports, and urban and residential park-like oak and bare ground (>5%), and good representation of all meadowlarks are hunted by raptors. woodlands and forests. height classes. Increase plant diversity for greater insect Human disturbance can cause diversity and control key non-native plants. Control and meadowlarks to abandon nests. remove reed canarygrass. Minimize disturbance during the breeding season (4/15 – 7/15).

Bird Western SOC X X X X Abundant cavities for colonial nesting. Threats on wintering grounds in South Effects of pesticides. Retain and promote natural cavities/snags. Conserving Purple Martins in OSU's McDonald- Purple Proximity to water and large, open areas for America. Availability and competition for Dunn Research Forest. Martin foraging. suitable nesting sites. Reduction of http://www.oregonwildlife.org/publication/2013- natural cavities from human activities. dunn-forest-purple-martin-report Competition from European Starlings. Bird Western LT(Coastal). X X X Sandy and sparsely vegetated shoreline Suitable habitat free from introduced Population size, productivity, and fledging rates Recovery actions include habitat restoration, European Recovery Plan for the Pacific Coast Population of Snowy CHT above high tide for nesting habitat. Sandy European beach grass and ground and of interior populations. beach grass removal, predator control and disturbance the Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius Plover beaches with intertidal areas for foraging (CR, avian predators. Human disturbance is a management. alexandrinus nivosus). NS). Alkaline flats and salt pans associated major limitation to nesting success http://www.westernsnowyplover.org/pdfs/WSP%2 with springs, seeps, or lake edges (NBR). outside the currently protected areas. 0Final%20RP%2010-1-07.pdf

Bird White- SOC X X X Large tracts of open ponderosa pine Population declines and local extirpations. Distribution. Impacts of forest management Retain existing or manage to create large tracts of open A Conservation Assessment for the White- headed woodlands with mature trees for foraging and Loss of mature ponderosa pine trees and practices and habitat suitability of managed mature woodland. Retain snags and high cut stumps. headed woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus). Woodpecke snags for nesting. snags. Habitat degradation from forests. Predation rates by individual predator Eliminate or restrict fuelwood cutting of stumps and snags http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/sfpnw/issssp/documents2/ r encroaching trees and shrubs, and lack species. Habitat relationships of rodent egg in suitable habitat. ca-bi-picoides-albolarvatus-2013-08-07.pdf of recruitment of young ponderosa pine predators. into larger size classes. Egg predation in areas of high predator (most likely chipmunks and golden-mantled ground squirrels) densities associated with shrubs and down wood.

Bird Willow X Riparian shrub dependent. Dense continuous Population declines. Loss and Site and landscape factors that contribute to Partnerships with private landowners to maintain and Conservation Assessment of the Willow Flycatcher or near-continuous shrub layer, especially of degradation of riparian shrub habitat from Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism. restore native shrub plant habitat and control priority Flycatcher in the Sierra Nevada. willows. altered hydrological regimes and invasive invasive plants. Maintain dense riparian shrub patches http://www.sierraforestlegacy.org/Resources/Cons species. Brown-headed Cowbird (especially willow) > 10 square yards in size with 40-80% ervation/SierraNevadaWildlife/WillowFlycatcher/ parasitism. shrub cover > 3 feet high. Discourage Brown-headed WF-Green03.pdf Cowbird use of riparian areas through seasonal timing of grazing and/or maintaining high grass heights in priority areas. Restore riparian and early seral/montane meadow habitat in the West Cascades. Bird Yellow Rail SOC X Narrow range of preferred water depths and Small, disjunct population. Specific Complete inventory of other potential breeding Maintain preferred water levels of approximately 2.4-2.8 Conservation Assessment for Yellow Rail presence of senescent vegetation within wetland types and conditions. Intensive habitats in southcentral Oregon. Prey selection inches during the breeding season. Maintain at least 50% of (Coturnicops noveboracensis). sedge meadows. livestock grazing that removes >50% of and its potential relationship with preferred senescent vegetation from year to year. http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMEN senescent vegetation. Hydrological water levels. TS/fsm91_054315.pdf changes from wetland draining or inundation. Bird Yellow- SOC X X Dense brushy thickets, especially near Loss of larger patches of dense riparian Population trends. Effects of Brown-headed Restore relatively large areas of dense thickets of native Conservation Strategy for Landbirds in Lowlands breasted streams. shrub habitat. Altered disturbance Cowbird parasitism. shrub-dominated riparian habitats. Maintain preferred water and Valleys of Watern Oregon and Washington. Chat regimes that create ephemeral habitats. levels of approximately 2.4-2.8 inches during the breeding http://www.orwapif.org/sites/default/files/western_l Changes in ground water and surface season. Maintain at least 50% of senescent vegetation from owlands.pdf water. Livestock grazing disturbances year to year. near riparian habitat. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Mammal American X X X X X Associated mostly with late successional Low survival rates in fragmented forests. Ecology of martens is not well understood in Maintain all currently occupied habitat. Minimize Marten mixed conifer forest with multi-layer stands but Oregon outside of the Blue Mountains. More fragmentation in core habitat areas. Restore habitat to found in other forests providing there is a high information needed on population densities increase and reconnect suitable habitat patches in the density of snags and logs for denning and where they occur and differences in habitat vicinity of the known population. Restore functional foraging. needs in different ecoregions. landscape connectivity to enable recolonization. Monitor the existing population to determine population trend(s) and cause(s) of the recent documented decline. Conduct additional surveys in the vicinity of recent marten detections. Mammal American X X X X Requires talus, creviced rock, and other Requires cool microclimates. Better information on species distribution, Improve monitoring effort. Identify isolated populations. Listing under federal ESA not warranted at this Pika microhabitats which provide cool abundance, and population trends in Oregon is time (Jan 2010) microclimates. needed. Improving understanding of potential climate change impacts on predation, competition, and forage dynamics is also important for species conservation. Mammal California X X X X X X X Primarily forest-associated. Uses large snags Reduction of large snags. Patchy Seasonal movements, winter roost locations Maintain and create large snags during forest management Bat Grid shows only one record for Columbia Myotis for day roosts. Occasionally found night distribution. Low reproductive rate. and their micro-climate conditions. Species activities. Complete bridge replacement and maintenance Plateau, many records for all other ecoregions. roosting under bridges. distribution and population size and trends. when bats are absent. Species distinction in relation to western small- footed bat. Mammal Columbia LE (CR) X X Columbia River DPS: Riparian habitat along Though historically more abundant in Columbia River DPS: Predator-prey interactions Columbia River DPS: Continue to implement conservation USFWS. 2013. Columbia River Distinct White-tailed the lower Columbia River. Umpqua population: Willamette Valley, this species is being with coyotes. Agricultural land use impacts on actions identified in the Columbian white-tailed deer Population Segment of the Columbian White- Deer Lower elevation oak woodland forests. Often managed primarily on island refuges in habitat. Both populations: Susceptibility to Recovery Plan. Umpqua population - Continue to monitor tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus). found in riparian habitat. the Columbia River bottomlands. disease (e.g., Deer Hair Loss) populations. Continue to manage habitat at North Bank Five-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Fluctuations in numbers seem to be Habitat Management Area. Evaluate translocation issues USFWS Washington Fish and Wildlife Office. driven by carrying capacity of the habitats and priorities. Lacey, Washington. 50pp. in these refuges. Therefore the limiting factors for this species appear to be the size of their habitat blocks, and connectivity between blocks. Columbia River DPS - Habitat loss due to agricultural and residential development. Flooding impacts on island-dwelling and low-elevation mainland populations. Umpqua population - Disease. Collisions with vehicles. Habitat loss due to development.

Mammal Fisher C X X X Found in forests with diverse structural stages Limiting factors still unclear. Large home Determine whether populations are expanding Maintain complex forest structure with large trees within the and plant communities, typically with moderate ranges required. Low rate of reproduction and/or reestablishing in extirpated areas. fishers range. Improve habitat patch size and connectivity to dense canopy cover and often along and specific habitat requirements for den Affects of various habitat conditions on the to provide for dispersal, genetic interchange, and expansion riparian corridors. Uses cavities in live or dead sites may contribute. persistence of isher populations. Explore of populations. Use results of feasibility studies to guide standing trees for den sites. Preys on small feasibility of reintroduction including what the specific conservation actions and management decisions mammals, including snowshoe hares and ecological or genetic constraints imposed upon for potential reintroductions. Work with WDFW, USFWS, porcupines. reintroduced populations are. What natural or and NPS to review outcomes of conservation actions. anthropogenic factors facilitate or impede Develop a fisher conservation strategy. movement of fishers. Standardized protocols for assessing resource availability and habitat suitability before reintroductions.

Mammal Fringed SOC X X X X X X X Forest habitats. Large snags and rock Disturbance at roosts. Patchy distribution Distribution, population size and trends, and Use gates and seasonal closures to protect known BatGrid. BatGrid shows 13 records in NBR, 28 in Myotis features for day, night, and maternity roosts and local rarity. Reduction of large snags. seasonal movements. Maternity and winter hibernacula. Maintain and create large-diameter hollow WV. 100+ in the other ecoregions. Any reason to (occasionally uses bridges for night roosting). Low reproductive rate. roost locations and characteristics. Extent and trees and large diameter, tall, newly dead snags during add NBR and WV, or best conserved in the other Caves and mines for hibernacula. Beetles for effects of other limiting factors (e.g., habitat loss forest management activities ecoregions? No records in CP. prey and degradation). Mammal Hoary Bat SOC X X X X X X X X Forest habitats, including late successional Low reproductive rate. Habitat loss. Basic ecology, distribution, population size, Investigate data gaps and use results to guide management Johnson & Erickson 2011: Avian, Bat and Habitat conifer forests which are used for roosting. Migratory behavior increases vulnerability structure and dynamics, migration patterns, and actions. Implement impact reduction strategies (e.g. Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy to habitat changes and wind turbine- habitat use. Impacts of wind facilities on operational minimization) at wind energy facilities to reduce Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion related mortality. migratory populations. fatalities. of Eastern Washington and Oregon

Mammal Kit Fox X Salt desert scrub. Limiting factors unknown for northern Species status. Population densities and This species is difficult to census (probably due to low Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2014. range. Popluation size, habitat distribution. Habitat selection preferences. density in Oregon); a cost-effective method is needed to Kit Fox Research 2013-15: Interim Performance availability, local impacts of predation by determine population size and trends. Radio-tag animals Report to the US Fish and Wildlife Service for the coyotes, and collisions with vehicles may opportunistically. Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Grant be factors. Number F13AF00838. Unpublished; available from ODFW.

Mammal Long- SOC X X X X X X Often associated with late successional Reduction of late successional conifer Seasonal movements, winter roost locations Maintain and create large-diameter hollow trees and large Baker 2010. Baker: use of ponderosa pine and legged conifer forests or other forested habitat with forests.Loss of hollow trees and large and their microclimate conditions. Baseline diameter, tall, newly dead snags in riparian and upland various Abies fir species (grand and white) in Myotis (bat) late successional components (especially diameter, tall, newly dead snags. Loss of population data and trends. habitat. Maintain and restore diverse riparian areas. East Cascades ecoregion. Species table right snags). Uses large snags and hollow trees healthy riparian habitat. Untimely bridge Complete bridge replacement and maintenance when bats now focuses on Doug Fir snags, but these other primarily in riparian areas for day, night, and replacement. Low reproductive rate. are absent. Incorporate snags of pine and fir speciess into species are important in xeric ecoregions, maternity roosts. May use bridges in forested forest management plans frequent roost switching requires abundant snags. habitat for night roosting. Occasionally found night roosting and hibernating in caves or mines. Forages in forest riparian and forest edge. East Cascades: Ponderosa Pine, Grand and White Fir are all important species. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Mammal Pallid Bat SOC X X X X X Dry, open habitats. Crevices in cliffs, caves, Disturbance at roosts. Patchy distribution. Statewide distribution and estimated population Use gates and seasonal closures to protect known roost Bat Grid, Verts & Carraway – Land Mammals of mines, or bridges (occasionally uses buildings) Loss of Ponderosa Pine snags. Loss of size and trends. Seasonal movements. sites during sensitive times (raising young and hibernation). Oregon (book), Baker 2008 paper. for day, night, or maternity roosts, or low elevation dry ecosystems (native Maternity and winter roost locations and Maintain open water sources in dry landscapes. Manage hibernacula. Grassland, shrub-steppe and dry grasslands, shrub-steppe habitats and microclimate requirements. rock features such as cliffs to avoid conflict with recreational forest ecotones for foraging. Open water sites open ponderosa pine woodlands) to use and rock removal. Complete bridge replacement and within the landscape. Snags as day roosts in development. Low reproductive rate. maintenance when bats are absent. Maintain large pine some areas. See Baker 2008 snags in shrub-steppe/forest ecotones. Maintain and restore native grassland, shrub-steppe and open ponderosa pine habitats.

Mammal Pygmy SOC X Tall dense clumps of basin big sagebrush. Habitat loss. Patchy distribution Distribution and abundance. Population Maintain basin big sagebrush habitats. Provide habitat Rabbit Deep, loose soils for digging burrows. Native susceptible to local declines. Limited dynamics. Effects of habitat fragmentation on corridors between priority populations. grasses for summer forage. dispersal capabilities. Dispersal impacted dispersal. by roads and cleared areas. Mammal Red Tree C X X X Found in dense, moist conifer forests. Prefers Very small home range. Low mobility, low Survey methods for this small, canopy-dwelling Continue to monitor populations in response to forest See list. Additional notes: The red tree vole is Vole large stand size. Highly specialized diet of dispersal ability to move among habitat. arboreal species. Stand requirements for management activities. Conduct surveys in forested lands found primarily in late-successional (older, primarily Douglas-fir needles.Requires large Low reproductive rate. Habitat loss population maintenance (e.g., minimum number prior to timber harvest and protect high-priority sites. It is structurally complex) forests in western Oregon branches for protection of nests, which are or size of conifer trees, connectivity). thought that management goals and protection for the red and northwestern California (Verts and Carraway typically at least 50 feet above ground. Population genetics. Reproductive success in tree vole are generally compatible with those for the 1998) USFWS 2011). Because of their exclusive Arboreal. Vulnerable to habitat loss from young forest stands. Home range, dipersal and threatened northern spotted owl and other late-successional diet of conifer needles, red tree voles are timber harvest, wildfire, development, migration. Monitor populations in response to forest species. restricted to conifer forests. Though they use a recreation, roads, and other human-caused forest management. variety of tree species, they principally feed on disturbances. Douglas fir needles and nest in Douglas fir trees. However, red tree voles in a portion of the North Coast Range are associated with Sitka spruce and western hemlock forests. Red tree voles are sometimes found in younger forest stands but appear unlikely to persist in these areas. Research indicates they exhibit a strong preference for older trees and complex forested habitats. Nests tend to be found in the larger- diameter trees within a stand. Expanses of land without suitable forest cover can be a barrier to tree vole movement and population connectivity (USFWS 2011, 2014).

Mammal Ringtail X X X Low elevation forested sites with large- Habitat loss and fragmentation. Rarely Distribution and abundance. Habitat selection Collect information on data gaps. http://oe.oregonexplorer.info/wildlife/wildlifeviewer/ diameter snags and logs for dens. Associated uses non-forested areas but will use preferences. Survey methods needed for this with late successional forests but also uses legacy large diameter trees in harvested secretive, nocturnal species. riparian and rocky areas. units with sufficient structural retention. High prey densities needed.

Mammal Silver- SOC X X X X X X X X Late-successional conifer forests. Uses large Reduction of late successional conifer Population size, structure, and dynamics, Maintain late-succsssional conifer habitats; maintain and haired Bat snags and hollow trees for day, night, and forests. Loss of hollow trees and large distribution, migration patterns, and habitat use. create large-diameter hollow trees and snags. Implement maternity roosts. Found in other habitats diameter, tall, newly dead snags. Impacts of wind facilities on migratory impact reduction strategies (e.g. operational minimization) during migration. Migratory behavior increases vulnerability populations. at wind energy facilities to reduce fatality. Investigate other to habitat changes and wind turbine- Best Management Practices for implementation at wind related mortality in the spring and fall. energy facilities. Mortality of mature females in the spring may be problematic. Low reproductive rate. Mammal Spotted Bat SOC X X X X X Crevices in cliffs, caves, and canyon walls for Naturally rare. Low reproductive rate. Baseline data needed in Oregon. Basic Maintain open water sources in desert landscapes. Manage day and night roosting. Trees adjacent to Disturbance at roosts. Loss of natural ecology, habitat relations, estimated population rock features such as cliffs to avoid conflict with recreational meadows for night roosting. Water sources shrub-steppe habitat. size and trend, and distribution unclear. use and rock removal. Maintain and restore native shrub- within the landscape. Meadows and shrub- steppe habitat. steppe for foraging. Mammal Townsend's SOC X X X X X X X X Caves, mines, and isolated buildings for day Highly sensitive to disturbance at roost Distribution and population size and trend. Use gates and seasonal closures to protect known roost Big-eared and night roosting, maternity roosts and sties. Highly specific roost requirements Winter roost locations and seasonal sites during sensitive times (raising young and hibernation). Bat hibernacula. Gathers in concentrations. (dependence on uncommon or at risk movements. Effects of insect control on prey Maintain buildings used as roosts. Maintain and create Occasionally uses hollow trees and bridges for structures for habitat). Reduction in prey base (e.g., gypsy moth). large-diameter hollow trees during forest management day or night roosting. Primarily feeds on base. Low reproductive rate. activities. Monitor roosts. moths. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Mammal Washington C X Shrub-steppe or grassland with deep, loose, Habitat loss and fragmentation. Colony site dynamics Maintain habitat patches. Restore habitat connectivity The Washington ground squirrel has a very Ground sandy loam soil. High availability of forbs. (landscape/metapopulation dynamics) to where possible. Consider translocations as a recovery tool limited range and distribution due to specific soil Squirrel Requires sufficient patch size to maintain a understand how and why colony sites appear for instances of management and conservation concern. and vegetation needs and remaining parcels of colony. Maintain existing areas of occupied and disappear. Further surveys are needed to Consider experimental habitat creation or restoration in undisturbed habitat. Concerns remain for habitat and ensure connectivity between document occurrence of the species at historic appropriate locations and soil/vegetation types. Invasive continued loss of habitat especially on private colony sites. Populations do fluctuate and and previously un-surveyed areas. Colony site species management on shrub-steppe habitat. lands. Since state listing, the threat from wind conservation planning needs to maintain dynamics and understand what factors energy development has grown substantially and areas occupied at peak populations. The role contribute to expansion and extirpation of the number of wind power projects is increasing in of isolated colonies is important as insurance colonies. Washington ground squirrel habitat (USFWS again disease outbreaks and refuges from 2010). In 2008, the USFWS, ODFW, and Oregon wildfires. Department of Energy finalized wind energy siting and permitting guidelines that could be used for all permitting jurisdictional levels in the Oregon Columbia Plateau Ecoregion. The guidelines were developed with stakeholder input and, when implemented, will provide protection for the Washington ground squirrel. Under these guidelines, currently occupied sites are considered irreplaceable, essential habitat, and are consequently to be avoided.

Mammal Western X Oak woodland and savanna. Mixed oak-pine- Habitat loss and fragmentation. Population locations and trends. General Work with private landowners to maintain and restore oak ORBIC State Status: S4 Reason: In the mid- gray fir woodlands. Older oak trees with large Vegetation changes due to fire ecology. Competition and other impacts from and mixed oak/pine/fir woodlands, especially large patches. Willamette Valley has been declining for a long squirrel limbs. Continuous canopy to facilitate suppression. Residential and urban non-native squirrels. Dispersal patterns and Maintain continuous canopy within 200 feet of nest sites. time although there are fairly good remnant movement. development. need for canopy travel corridors. Maintain or plant mast species such as Oregon white oak populations in some areas in suitable habitat. and California hazel. Maintain older trees with large limbs. Remaining oak habitats in many areas are declining because of lack of fire and increasing competition from conifers. Competition from eastern gray squirrels and fox squirrels has contributed to the decline.In the northern Willamette Valley the habitat base is shrinking and it is confined to a few scattered mountain ranges and forested hills in the Willamette Valley foothills. These populations are more closely associated with agricultural nut growers than randomly scattered throughout the habitat base.

Mammal Wolverine PT - X DG DG Subalpine and alpine forests for foraging. Naturally low density. Large area Seasonal habitat requirements. Population Manage winter recreational use with reference to wolverine 2011 ODFW Press Releases – documented Federal Steep snowy habitat above timberline for requirements.Low reproductive rates. dynamics. Management approaches requirements. sightings, tracks, and videos by Audrey Magoun. protection dens. Conservation-focused planning and Sensitive to habitat fragmentation, roads considering low density and large home ranges. http://www.dfw.state.or.us/images/video_gallery denied development in lowland valleys to allow for and human activity. Monitoring throughout the Cascade mountain under movement between high-elevation habitats. range. /wallowa_wolverine_2012.asp federal ESA, October 2014 Mammal White No new X Bunchgrass grasslands Distribution naturally limited by habitat; Basic ecology; habitat relationships and habitat Investigate species-specific habitat requirements and use Oregon Explorer. If you compare the current and tailed informatio habitat loss and degradation (shrub selection; distribution; population trends and these to guide management actions; develop methods to historic maps on Oregon Explorer, there appears jackrabbit n found: encroachment) abundance census (nocturnal species) to be significant range contraction. However Keep info there is no reference or explanation for this on the same their website. Search of literature found no new information. Climate vulnerability ranking not yet completed as of this review. Probably should still consider this a Data Gap species.

Mammal Gray wolf Federally X X X X Protection measures in place and prescribed Limited only by availability of disturbance- Maintaining current efforts for tracking The conservation and menagement of gray wolves in The status of the gray wolf is under review by the Endanger in detail in the "Oregon Wolf Conservation and free areas; mostly in forested landcapes movements and status of all wolf packs in Oregon is directed and governed by the "Wolf Conservation Fish and Wildife Commission ed in Management Plan" 2005 and 2010. where adequate prey (e.g. deer and elk) Oregon for as many individual wolves as and Management Plan" (2005 and amended 2010). Oregon persist. resources allow. Contunue surveys to meet the west of goals of the Wolf Plan to determine the Highways numbers and wolf productivity annually. 395,78 Continue and enhance wolf-cougar resesrch in and 95 NE Oregon to descibe competitive interactions and prey selection between wolves and cougars. Measure and evaluate depredations of and interaction with livestock.

Fish Alvord Lake Siphateles SOC SV X Inhabits springs and spring-fed streams, and available suitable habitat. Non native fish Genetics. Population dynamics. Habitat use, Maintain water quality and availability. Reduce localized http://bibbase.org/network/publication/scheerer- chub avordensis impoundments in Alvord basin distribution impacts where populations could become increasingly peterson-bauman-clements- fragmented. distributionandabundanceofalvordchubinthealvor dbasinofsoutheasternOregonandnorthwesternnev ada-2013 Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Fish Borax Lake Siphateles FE SE X Restricted to Borax Lake, a unique habitat fed Vulnerable to random or localized N/A Continue efforts to maintain habitat. Maintain water bibbase.org/network/publication/scheerer-bangs- chub boraxobius by geothermal springs, located on fragile salt disturbance. Habitat has been affected by quality. clements-2013boraxlakechubinvestigations-2013 deposits. some past land management practices. Off road vehicles. Water withdrawals.

Fish Oregon Siphateles Hutton FT ST X Vulnerable to random or localized Population abundance and productivity. Secure spring waters. Maintain water quality. Prevent Lakes Tui bicolor Spring Tui disturbance. Habitat has been affected by infiltration of toxins into the spring water supply. Chub group Chub some agricultural and forestry practices. Located near an old waste dump site, with toxins beginning to infiltrate the water table.

Fish Oregon Oregonichth delisted in SV X X Off-channel habitat (low flow, silty organic Predation by and competition with Impacts of non-native species, relationship Implement invasive species removal programs; remove Reference Post Delisting Monitoring plan once chub ys crameri 2015 substrate, abundant vegetation and cover) invasive species; passage barriers; between flow mgmt and population fitness passage barriers or mitigate for effects; reduce pollution, complete channelization; nonpoint source restore floodplain processes pollution; drainage of key off-channel habitat Fish Umpqua Oregonichth SOC SC X X X Off-channel habitat (low flow, silty organic Restricted distribution (to Umpqua Population dynamics. Abundance estimates and Reduce pollution. Restore flow. Reduce density of invasives chub ys substrate, abundant vegetation and cover). basin). Passage barriers. Channelization. trends. in key habitat. Re-introductions useful at some sites. Limit kalawatseti Wetland drainage. Nonpoint source nonpoint source pollution through TMDL process pollution. Culvert cleaning. Invasive species (predation)

Fish Bull Trout Salvelinus Willamett FT SC - X X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and Barriers to migration, spawning and early Juvenile abundance, dam passage and reservoir Maintain or restore aquatic and riparian habitat. Continue Draft Recovery plan in works confluentus e change rearing. Requires channel complexity and rearing habitat is limited, habitat quality mortality, angling related mortality,effects of ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and to SV available migratory corridors above, in and downstream of reservoirs, parasites, level of predation (birds/mammals) agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB). Finalize propos predation by non-natives in reservoirs, draft USFWS recovery plan ed for hybridisation in the upper McKenzie, 2015 limited food source (anadromous salmonids), altered hydrological regime, angling mortality.

Fish Hood FT SC - X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and connectivity with Columbia River, limited long term monitoring method Draft Recovery plan in works change rearing. Requires channel complexity and spawnign rearing habitat (naturally), to SV available migratory corridors potentially angling. propos ed for 2015

Fish Deschutes FT SV X X X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and connectivity Draft Recovery plan in works rearing. Requires channel complexity and available migratory corridors

Fish Odell Lake FT SC X X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and Lake trout, angling?, limited spawning long term monitoring method. Effects of lake establishment of additional "populations", gravel Draft Recovery plan in works rearing. Requires channel complexity and habitat. trout, map of spawning habitat augmenation, evaluate potential for lake trout control. available migratory corridors

Fish Umatilla FT SC X X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and passage barriers, habitat long term monitoring method continue habitat restoration, screening, Draft Recovery plan in works rearing. Requires channel complexity and available migratory corridors

Fish Walla FT SV X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and habitat and passage barriers long term monitoring method continue habitat restoration, screening, Draft Recovery plan in works Walla propos rearing. Requires channel complexity and ed for available migratory corridors 2015

Fish John Day FT SC X X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and riparian habitat, diversions, temperature, long term monitoring method continue habitat restoration, screening, brook trout control. Draft Recovery plan in works rearing. Requires channel complexity and brook trout available migratory corridors Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus

Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Fish Grande FT SC - X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and brook trout, lake trout, hydropower, long term monitoring method angler education, habitat restoration,restore connectivity, Draft Recovery plan in works Ronde change rearing. Requires channel complexity and diversions, riparian habitat, angling. manage against brook trout/lake trout to SV available migratory corridors propos ed for 2015

Fish Imnaha FT SC - X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and non native fish, dams, diversions, effect long term monitoring method habitat restoration,restore connectivity, manage against Draft Recovery plan in works change rearing. Requires channel complexity and of weirs? Habitat (riparian and brook trout. to SV available migratory corridors temperature barriers) propos ed for 2015

Fish Hells FT SC X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and dams, diversions, roads, grazing, mining, long term monitoring method, distribution, angler education, habitat restoration,restore connectivity, Draft Recovery plan in works Canyon rearing. Requires channel complexity and angling, non-natives abundance manage against brook trout. available migratory corridors

Fish Malheur FT SC X X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and dams, water temperature, brook trout, long term monitoring method, address connectivity, manage effects of brook trout, Draft Recovery plan in works River rearing. Requires channel complexity and riparian habitat distribution/abundance increase tree cover to cool streams available migratory corridors

Fish Klamath FT SC X X Requires cool temperatures for spawning and dams, diversions, roads, grazing, angling, long term monitoring method, continue habitat restoration, address connectivity, manage Draft Recovery plan in works Lake rearing. Requires channel complexity and non-natives, temperature distribution/abundance effects of brook trout, increase tree cover to cool streams available migratory corridors

Fish Coastal Oncorhynch Lower SOC SV X X X X Large woody debris, in-stream structures and Habitat fragmentation or actions that Breeding and genetic relationships among Maintain or restore aquatic, estuarine and riparian habitat, NFSR (2005), Coastal Multi Species Conservation Cutthroat us clarki Columbia vegetation important for protection while in increase population isolation. Water different life history types. Abundance. providing suitable water quality and habitat complexity. and Management Plan (2014). Trout clarki freshwater. Juveniles prefer side channels, quality. Alterations of hydrology and Distribution. Population age composition, Continue ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, backwaters or pools for rearing. Clean gravel watershed function. Loss of estuarine estimates and trends. Marine waters tribes and agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB). for spawning and rearing. Migratory corridors habitat for rearing. Ocean productivity. distribution and mechanisms affecting marine Reduce localized impacts where populations could become survival. increasingly fragmented

Fish Westslope Oncorhychus SOC SC X X Specializes in foraging for invertebrates. Land use practices that reduce riparian status. Maintain riparian cover and other factors that can provide Cutthroat clarki lewisi Prefers cool, clear streams with coarse cover; passage barriers; invasive species thermal cooling. Reduce localized impacts where Trout sediment. that can compete over food resources populations could become increasingly fragmented.

Fish Lahontan Oncorhynch Quinn FT ST Vulnerable to random disturbance or methods to manage hybrid swarms Continue ongoing recovery efforts to: monitor water Recovery plan for Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Cutthroat us clarki River events that cause isolation (e.g., fire). availability, improve riparian condition and channel (http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/950130. trout henshawi Hybridisation with rainbow trout. structure, remove hybrids, treat for rainbow trout pdf) (implementation of current recovery plan).

Fish Coyote X Vulnerable to random disturbance or Continue ongoing recovery efforts to: monitor water Recovery plan for Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Lake events that cause isolation (e.g., fire). availability, improve riparian condition and channel (http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/950130. structure (implementation of current recovery plan). pdf)

Fish Oregon Oncorhynch Catlow SOC SC - X Several life history types with different poor understanding of factors that influence We are currently (2015) working on a redband Basin us mykiss Valley change migratory patterns. Pools provide important long term viability. Limiting factor is likely to be trout conservation plan for the Malheur Lakes and Redband to SV habitat for all life stages. availability of water-linked to natural cycles. Catlow Valley populations. This will facilitate data Trout propos Influnece of climate change on these cycles is collection and recovery of these populations. ed for poorly understood in this region 2015

Fish Malheur SOC SV X X Several life history types with different Channelization. Water withdrawal. poor understanding of factors that influence address passage barrier, Restore flow and riparian quality We are currently (2015) working on a redband Lakes migratory patterns. Pools provide important Riparian condition. Passage barriers. long term viability. Limiting factor is likely to be trout conservation plan for the Malheur Lakes and habitat for all life stages. availability of water-linked to natural cycles. Catlow Valley populations. This will facilitate data Influnece of climate change on these cycles is collection and recovery of these populations. poorly understood in this region Oregon Oncorhynch Basin us mykiss Redband Trout

Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Fish Fort Rock SOC SC - X Several life history types with different passage barrier, potentially brook trout, poor understanding of factors that influence address passage barrier, Restore flow and riparian quality change migratory patterns. Pools provide important altered hydrology (below dam) long term viability. Limiting factor is likely to be to SV habitat for all life stages. availability of water-linked to natural cycles. propos Influnece of climate change on these cycles is ed for poorly understood in this region 2015

Fish Chewauca SOC SV X Several life history types with different poor understanding of factors that influence n migratory patterns. Pools provide important long term viability. Limiting factor is likely to be habitat for all life stages. availability of water-linked to natural cycles. Influnece of climate change on these cycles is poorly understood in this region

Fish Warner SOC SC - X Several life history types with different passage barriers, non natives in lake, high poor understanding of factors that influence address passage barrier, Restore flow and riparian quality Lakes change migratory patterns. Pools provide important temperatures, water withdrawals, long term viability. Limiting factor is likely to be to SV habitat for all life stages. channelisation, riparian condition availability of water-linked to natural cycles. propos Influnece of climate change on these cycles is ed for poorly understood in this region 2015

Fish Goose SOC SC - X Several life history types with different passage barriers, non natives in lake, high poor understanding of factors that influence address passage barrier, Restore flow and riparian quality Lake change migratory patterns. Pools provide important temperatures, water withdrawals, long term viability. Limiting factor is likely to be to SV habitat for all life stages. channelisation, riparian condition availability of water-linked to natural cycles. propos Influnece of climate change on these cycles is ed for poorly understood in this region 2015

Fish Oregon Upper SOC SV X X Several life history types with different Channelization. Water withdrawal. poor understanding of factors that influence screening, Restore flow and riparian quality Basin Klamath migratory patterns. Pools provide important Riparian condition. long term viability. Limiting factor is likely to be Redband Basin habitat for all life stages. availability of water-linked to natural cycles. Trout (Klamath Influnece of climate change on these cycles is (Summer Mountain poorly understood in this region Steelhead s Province extirpated) ESU)

Fish Winter Lower FT SC X X X Require streams with clean gravel, complex Water quality. Alterations of hydrology Continue ongoing monitoring of populations Maintain or restore aquatic and riparian habitat. Continue Lower Columbia River Conservation and Recovery Steelhead / Columbia habitat and cool temperatures for spawning and watershed function. Fish passage. and conservation effectiveness. ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and Plan for Oregon Populations of Salmon and Coastal SMU and rearing. Require access for anadromous Riparian condition. Marine survival agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) Steelhead Rainbow (Lower migration. Trout Columbia River ESU and SW Washingto n ESU)

Fish Willamett FT SV X X Require streams with clean gravel, complex Water quality. Alterations of hydrology Continue ongoing monitoring of populations Maintain or restore aquatic and riparian habitat. Continue Upper Willamette Conservation and Recovery e SMU habitat and cool temperatures for spawning and watershed function. Fish passage. and conservation effectiveness. ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and Plan for Chinook Salmon and Steelhead (Upper and rearing. Require access for anadromous Riparian condition. Marine survival agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) Willamett migration. e River ESU) Fish Summer Coastal SOC SV X X X Require streams with clean gravel, complex Only 2 populations. Water quality. Continue ongoing monitoring of populations Maintain or restore aquatic and riparian habitat. Continue Coastal Multi-species Conservation and Steelhead / SMU habitat and cool temperatures for spawning Alterations of hydrology and watershed and conservation effectiveness. ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and Management Plan Coastal (Oregon and rearing. Require access for anadromous function. Fish passage. Riparian agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) Rainbow Coast migration. condition. Marine survival Trout ESU) Oncorhynch us mykiss

Summer Steelhead / Coastal Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available CommonRainbow Scientific PS/Group Listing listing NameTrout Name Status status Fish Rogue SV X X X Require streams with clean gravel, complex Water quality. Alterations of hydrology Continue ongoing monitoring of populations Maintain or restore aquatic and riparian habitat. Continue NFSR; Ecology and Management of Summer SMU habitat and cool temperatures for spawning and watershed function. Fish passage. and conservation effectiveness. A repeat of a ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and Steelhead in the Rogue River, 1973; Effects of Lost (Klamath and rearing, but able to spawn successfully in Riparian condition. Marine survival 1970s study that identified spawning agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB). Maintain Creek Dam on Summer Steelhead in the Rogue Mountain streams that are naturally intermittent in distribution would be beneficial post-mainstem momentum for restoration of fish passage throughout the River Phase II Completion Report, 1994 s Province summer. Require access for anadromous dam removal. Rogue watershed by continued funding of passage projects. ESU) migration, including adequate streamflow Restore streamflows through cooperative projects. during downstream fry migration on naturally intermittent streams, and upstream passage for juveniles in winter during multiple years in freshwater.

Fish Lower FT SC X X X Require streams with clean gravel, complex Water quality. Alterations of hydrology Continue ongoing monitoring of populations Maintain or restore aquatic and riparian habitat. Continue Lower Columbia River Conservation and Recovery Columbia habitat and cool temperatures for spawning and watershed function. Fish passage. and conservation effectiveness. ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and Plan for Oregon Populations of Salmon and SMU and rearing. Require access for anadromous Riparian condition. Marine survival agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) Steelhead (Lower migration. Columbia River ESU)

Fish Summer Mid FT SC X X X Require streams with clean gravel, complex Water quality. Alterations of hydrology Continue ongoing monitoring of populations Maintain or restore aquatic and riparian habitat. Continue Conservation and Recovery Plan for Oregon Steelhead / Columbia habitat and cool temperatures for spawning and watershed function. Fish passage. and conservation effectiveness. ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and Populations of Steelhead in the Middle Columbia Columbia SMU and rearing. Require access for anadromous Riparian condition. Marine survival agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) River Steelhead Distinct Population Segment Basin (Middle migration. Redband Columbia Trout River ESU)

Fish Lower FT SV X Require streams with clean gravel, complex Water quality. Alterations of hydrology Continue ongoing monitoring of populations Maintain or restore aquatic and riparian habitat. Continue Interior Columbia Technical Recovery Team Snake habitat and cool temperatures for spawning and watershed function. Fish passage. and conservation effectiveness. ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and SMU and rearing. Require access for anadromous Riparian condition. Marine survival agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB) (Snake migration. River Basin ESU)

Fish All Chinook Oncorhynch All SMU's Require streams with clean gravel, complex Water quality. Alterations of hydrology Continue ongoing monitoring of populations Maintain or restore aquatic and riparian habitat. Continue PSMC Salmon FMP us habitat and cool temperatures for spawning and watershed function. Fish passage. and conservation effectiveness. Especially in ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and tshawytscha and rearing. Require access for anadromous Riparian condition. Marine survival. Blue Mountains: Abundance, distribution and agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB). Manage for migration. Spring/Summer Run require cool, productivity. Mechanisms affecting marine sustainable harvest. deep resting holes for holding over summer. survival and spatial, temporal utilization of Productive nearshore marine habitat that nearshore marine waters. provides high quality prey in sufficient quantity for rapid growth at time of ocean entry.

Fish Chinook Lower FT SC X X X X Lower Columbia River Conservation and Recovery Salmon - Columbia Plan for Oregon Populations of Salmon and Fall Run SMU Steelhead (Lower Columbia River ESU)

Fish Mid SV X X X X NFSR Columbia SMU (Deschute s ESU) Fish Snake FT ST X X Interior Columbia Technical Recovery Team SMU (Snake River fall- run ESU) Fish Chinok Coastal SC - X X X Coastal Multi-species Conservation and Salmon - SMU propos Management Plan Spring/Sum (Oregon ed mer Run Coast change ESU) to SV in 2015 Oncorhynch us tshawytscha

Chinok Salmon - Spring/Sum mer Run

Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Fish Rogue SV X X X X Fish species most affected by William Jess Water quality (changes in flow and Development and implementation of water Continue coordination with Oregon Water Resources to Rogue Spring Chinook Conservation Plan; Effects SMU Dam/Lost Creek Reservoir. Significant amount temperature that result from reservoir temperatue model for Lost Creek Reservoir; help Corps of Engineers meet its fishery enhancement of Lost Creek Dam on Spring Chinook Salmon in (Southern of high quality habitat blocked. Water quality operation). Fish passage (limited amount ongoing monitoring of gravel quantity and responsiblity through fish friendly operation and use of the Rogue River Phase II, 2000 Oregon/N below dam problematic. Corps of Engineers, of spawning habitat). Fishery impacts. quality below Lost Creek, and restoration of stored water. Work with water users on Big Butte Creek to orthern especially outside of flood control operations, Marine survival. gravel as needed (USACE). Update knowledge identify and implement streamflow restoration, especially California must operate in way that protects spring of fall chinook spawning distribution upstream during spring chinook spawn period. Continue to Coasts chinook to meet its fishery enhancement within remaing spring chinook spawning implement spawning gravel augmentation on Big Butte ESU) objective. habitat. Creek as supported by monitoring results. Maintain or restore mainstem riparian and floodplain habitat. Continue ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB)

Fish Lower FT SC X X X Lower Columbia River Conservation and Recovery Columbia Plan for Oregon Populations of Salmon and SMU Steelhead (Lower Columbia River ESU)

Fish Mid SV X X X X NFSR Columbia SMU (Middle Columbia River Spring- Run ESU) Fish Lower FT ST X X Interior Columbia Technical Recovery Team Snake SMU (Snake River Spring/Su mmer Run) Fish Upper FT ST X X X Area blocked by Hells Canyon Dam. Restore passage above Hells Canyon Complex Dams. NFSR Snake Populations functionally extinct. Restore aquatic and riparian habitat. SMU (Snake River Spring/Su mmer Run) Fish Willamett FT SC X X X Upper Willamette Conservation and Recovery e SMU Plan for Chinook Salmon and Steelhead (Upper Willamett e ESU) Fish Chum Oncorhynch All SMU's Require stream gravel bars with upwelling Alterations of hydrology and watershed Population dynamics. Population genetics. Maintain or restore aquatic, estuarine and riparian habitat. Salmon us keta flowand side channels near tidewaters for function. Fish passage. Marine survival. Distribution. (Columbia River ESU currently Continue ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, spawning. Migrate to ocean soon after Loss of estuarine habitat. considered extinct; further survey work planned tribes and agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB). emergence. Productive nearshore marine to determine status in Oregon). Distribution & Manage for sustainable harvest. habitat that provides high quality prey in abundance in OR marine waters. sufficient quantity for rapid growth at time of ocean entry.

Fish Lower FT SC X X X Lower Columbia River Conservation and Recovery Columbia Plan for Oregon Populations of Salmon and SMU Steelhead (Columbia River ESU) Chum Oncorhynch Salmon us keta

Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Coastal SC X X Coastal Multi-species Conservation and SMU Management Plan (Pacific Coast ESU) Fish Coho Oncorhnchu All SMU's Require streams with clean gravel, complex Stream complexity. Water quality. Fish Continue ongoing monitoring of populations Maintain or restore aquatic and riparian habitat. Continue PSMC Salmon FMP Salmon s kisutch habitat and cool temperatures for spawning passage. Riparian condition. Alterations and conservation effectiveness. Mechanisms ongoing restoration efforts involving landowners, tribes and and rearing. Require access for anadromous of hydrology and watershed function. that affect marine survival agency partners (NOAA, NMFS, ODFW, OWEB). Manage for migration. Productive nearshore marine Marine survival. sustainable harvest. habitat that provides high quality prey in sufficient quantity for rapid growth at time of ocean entry.

Coastal FT SV X X Consult SSRs, Coastal Coho Assessment. Implement measures identified in Coastal Coho Assessment Oregon Coast Coho Conservation Plan, PSMC SMU with landowners and agency partners NOAA; NMFS; State Salmon FMP (Oregon of Oregon (ODFW, OWEB, IMST); Coastal Coho Stakeholder Coast Team ESU) Rogue FT SV X X X X Oregon's SONCC Expert Panel, PSMC Salmon FMP SMU (Southern Oregon/N orthern California Coasts ESU)

Klamath FT SV X X X NFSR, PSMC Salmon FMP SMU (Southern Oregon/N orthern California Coasts ESU)

Lower FT SE X X X X Lower Columbia River Conservation and Recovery Columbia Plan for Oregon Populations of Salmon and SMU (SW Steelhead, PSMC Salmon FMP Washingto n/Lower Columbia River ESU); [note: not native above Willamett e Falls]

Fish Western Rhinichthys Foskett FT ST X Restricted to lakes and low gradient stream Vulnerable to random or localized Continue long term mgmt to maintain open water habitat 2014 Foskett Speckled Dace Investigations. Speckled osculus spring reaches of Warner Valley disturbance. (i.e., vegetative control). Continue establishment of second, Sheerer, P., Peterson, J.T., and Clements, S. 2014. Dace group speckled supplementary population. ODFW Progress Report dace Fish Millicoma Rhinichthys SOC SV X Cool swift streams; cobbles and gravel for Lack of cobble or gravel habitat. Limited distribution Create and maintain gravel habitats. Maintain or restore Distribution and Abundance of Millicoma Dace in dace cataractae rearing and spawning. distribution.. Altered flow regimes flow and sediment regimes to improve habitat quality. the Coos Basin, Oregon. Sheerer, P., Peterson, J.T., ssp (because of culverts, channelization). Maintain or improve riparian conditions, including habitat and Clements, S. 2014. ODFW Progress Report Altered sediment regimes, including for beavers. changes in timing of input and ratio of particle size. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Fish Goose Lake Catostomus SOC SV X Restricted distribution creates Distribution. Spawning habitat. Population Continue to protect known populations. Status and Distribution of Native Fishes in the sucker occidentalis vulnerability to random events (e.g ., dynamics. Goose Lake Basin, Oregon. Paul D. Scheerer, lacusanserin reduced flow, increased temperature). Stephanie L. Gunckel, Michael P. Heck, and Steven us Passage. E. Jacobs (http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1898/NWN0 9-21.1) Fish Shortnose Chasmistes FE SE X Spawn in rivers, streams, or springs high mortality of larvae and juveniles due Effects of non-native fish Restore or enhance spawning and nursery habitat. Reduce Revised Recovery Plan sucker brevirostris associated with lake habitats; after hatching to reduced rearing habitat, entrainment negative impacts of poor water quality for the Lost River Sucker migrate to lakes; need shoreline river and lake in water management structures, poor where necessary. Clarify and reduce the effects of and Shortnose Sucker habitats with vegetative structure during water quality and negative introduced species on all life stages by (Deltistes luxatus and larval and juvenile rearing interactions with introduced species. conducting and applying scientific investigations. Reduce Chasmistes brevirostris) Adult populations are limited by the the loss of individuals to entrainment. Establish a http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/RRP.LstR negligible recruitment to the population, redundancy and resiliency enhancement program. Increase vrSckr&ShrtnsSckr_1.pdf as well as high levels of stress and juvenile survival and recruitment to spawning populations. mortality associated with severely Maintain and increase the number of recurring, successful impaired water quality. As a whole the spawning species are potentially limited by the lack populations of habitat connectivity

Fish Lost River Deltistes FE SE X Spawn in rivers, streams, or springs high mortality of larvae and juveniles due Effects of non-native fish Restore or enhance spawning and nursery habitat. Reduce Revised Recovery Plan Sucker luxatus associated with lake habitats; after hatching to reduced rearing habitat, entrainment negative impacts of poor water quality for the Lost River Sucker migrate to lakes; need shoreline river and lake in water management structures, poor where necessary. Clarify and reduce the effects of and Shortnose Sucker habitats with vegetative structure during water quality and negative introduced species on all life stages by (Deltistes luxatus and larval and juvenile rearing interactions with introduced species. conducting and applying scientific investigations. Reduce Chasmistes brevirostris) Adult populations are limited by the the loss of individuals to entrainment. Establish a http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/RRP.LstR negligible recruitment to the population, redundancy and resiliency enhancement program. Increase vrSckr&ShrtnsSckr_1.pdf as well as high levels of stress and juvenile survival and recruitment to spawning populations. mortality associated with severely Maintain and increase the number of recurring, successful impaired water quality. As a whole the spawning species are potentially limited by the lack populations of habitat connectivity

Fish Modoc Catostomus FE- SC - X Limited to Goose Lake Basin; Thomas Creek. Relatively isolated species vulnerable to This species would benefit from continued habitat IUCN. 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Sucker microps proposed propos Requires pools and cover for spawning random events (habitat loss, barriers, restoration, and from better information on distribution, Species. Version 2014.3. Available at: for ed habitat. water diversions). abundance, population trend, and threats www.iucnredlist.org. delisting change to SV Moyle, P.B. 2002. Inland fishes of California. for Revised and expanded. University of California 2015 Press, Berkeley, California.

Moyle, P.B. and Marciochi, A. 1975. Biology of the Modocsucker, Catostomus microps, in northeastern California. Copeia 1975(3): 556-560.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2009. Modoc sucker (Catostomus microps) 5-year review: summary and evaluation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office, Klamath Falls, Oregon

Fish Warner Catostomus FT ST X Lakes and low gradient stream reaches of Predation by invasive species. Altered Maintain or restore spring waters. Maintain or restore Recovery plan is out of date. 2012 Warner Valley Sucker warnerensis Warner Valley. Prefer pool habitat in streams. hydrology (low flows). Lack of migration corridors among habitats. Increase stream flows Fish Investigations- Warner Suckers. Scheerer, P. Juvenile stage is vulnerable to predation. connectivity between streams and lake. in lower sections of tributaries. Restore wetland habitat. and Clements, S. 2012. 2014 Warner Sucker Evalaute liklihood of long term persistence in the presence Investigations (Lower Twentymile Creek). Sheerer, of non natives P., Peterson, J.T., and Clements, S. 2014. ODFW Progress Report Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Fish Green Acipenser Northern SOC SV- X X Anadromous species that spawns over areas Long lived species with low productivity Life history, migration, and diet of sub-adults Use species-specific habitat requirements to guide NOAA Listing Decision (FRN), Green Sturgeon sturgeon medirostris DPS propos with large rocks, cobble, and gravels in deep and relatively low population size. and juveniles. Juvenile habitat use and management actions. Recommend recreation opportunities Recovery Plan is under review by NMFS and ed eddies or backflows, and near the head of Limited spawning habitat. Predators movements in the Rogue River, and that will minimize disturbance. Minimize incidental catch expected to be published during 2015. change pools in fresh water. Clean, cold water for include shark and marine mammals. subadult/juvenile movements and habitat use and bycatch in marine fisheries (nearshore ocean, estuaries, for proper embryonic development. Nearshore Water quality. Potentially dredging and in estuaries and nearshore Recreational and freshwater (Rogue River). Ensure that development 2015 coastal waters and estuaries are also critical ocean/estuarine energy projects. Harvest impacts. does not occur in habitas (space and time) that may result Fish Southern FT SC- X X X habitat. – Incidental catch by trawl in the ocean, in negative impacts to green sturgeon. NOAA Listing Decision (FRN), Green Sturgeon DPS propos salmon gillnet fisheries in the Columbia, Recovery Plan is under review by NMFS and ed recreational fisheries in bays, estuaries, expected to be published during 2015. change and freshwater portion of the Rogue for River, and poaching. 2015 Fish Pit Sculpin Cottus SV- X X Occupies fast-flowing rocky riffles of cool, well- availability of appropriate habitat. population dynamics continue habitat restoration IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species pitensis propos shaded, small streams, spring-fed creeks, and (ver. 2013.1). Available at: ed small boulder-strewn rivers http://www.iucnredlist.org. change for 2015 Fish Miller Lake Entosphenus SV X Spawn in lakes; also inhabit marshes or rivers. Altered hydrology and flow regime. High Lamprey taxonomy. Species-specific habitat Implement conservation plan adopted by ODFW in summer Miller lake Lamprey Conservation Plan lamprey . minima Adults are smaller than late-stage larvae, mortality and concentration of eggs in requirements. 2005, Also: increased understanding of biology will help in (http://www.dfw.state.or.us/fish/CRP/miller_lake possibly because of difficulty finding food, yet small area. identifying habitat requirements and potential conservation _lamprey_plan_complete.asp) still can spawn. Adults parasitic; potential role actions. Remove barrier on Miller Creek. of reducing egg predators.

Fish Pacific Entosphenus SOC SV X X X X X X May aggregate in high densities. Requires fine Reduced water quality. Passage barriers. Status; population delineation; limiting factor Improve passage. Alter timing of water draw-down. Use lamprey tridentatus gravel beds for spawning. Larvae burrow in Altered flow patterns. Dredging. Rapid analysis (includes passage); restoration actions; species-specific habitat requirements to guide management fine sediment. Timing of development closely water draw-downs. Marine survival. biology; population dynamics (prioritized by actions. See results of Lamprey Workgroup 2005 for linked to water temperature. Adequate food Lamprey Workgroup in 2005). The marine strategies. Fill data gaps on marine life history, indluding availability during adult marine feeding stage ecology of the adult feeding lifestage, the migration needs. Use results to inform water management of life history. Migration to oceans may effects of host abundance and oceanic at storage facilities. depend on sustained inflow from flooding or productivity on Pacific lamprey population snowmelt. dynamics

Fish Western Lampetra SV X X X X X May aggregate in high densities. Requires fine Reduced water quality. Passage barriers. Status; population delineation; limiting factor Improve passage. Alter timing of water draw-down. Use Brook richardsoni gravel beds for spawning. Larvae burrow in Altered flow patterns. Dredging. Rapid analysis (includes passage); restoration actions; species-specific habitat requirements to guide management Lamprey fine sediment. Timing of development closely water draw-downs. Marine survival. biology; population dynamics (prioritized by actions. See results of Lamprey Workgroup 2005 for linked to water temperature Lamprey Workgroup in 2005). strategies.

Fish Western Lampetra SOC SV- X X X UNK UNK Status; population delineation; limiting factor UNK River ayresii propos analysis (includes passage); restoration actions; Lamprey ed biology; population dynamics . The distribution change is poorly understood-inferred from only a few for limited records. 2015 Fish Eulachon Thaleichthys Southern FT X X X X Spawns primarily in rivers with significant Marine survival, altered river flows and Life history and population dynamics. Diet and Use species-specific habitat requirements to guide NOAA BRT Status Review pacificus DPS spring snow melt. Clean gravel needed for bycatch in ocean fisheries. migration. Factors affecting marine survival. management actions. Minimize bycatch. spawning and freshet flows to flush larvae to Movement patterns in marine waters the estuary and ocean.

Plant Applegate's Astragalus E X Flat, open, seasonally moist floodplain alkaline Narrow distribution (endemic to Klamath Population dynamics and minimum population size Continue to implement actions identified in Recovery Plan, https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- milkvetch applegatei grasslands. Historically, habitat included sparse, Basin in Oregon). Currently, 3 populations for long-term viability. Genetic studies. Affects of including managing and monitoring known sites. Evaluate ygh2/files/C5AxIqR0dEJm8TGoGeE_O5yv2Mv_Z native bunch grasses and patches of bare soil. and low numbers make this species burning and other management techniques. Soil establishing new populations in suitable habitat. YbUgNduEZSaOsM vulnerable to random events. Habitat loss ecology. Extent and impacts of herbivory. due to agriculture and urban development. Alteration of hydrology. Invasive plants. Low reproduction. Plant Arrow-leaf Thelypodium T X Occurs with western juniper at streambanks, Endemic species (near tributaries of John Day Additional inventories to determine population size Minimize grazing at priority sites. Collect and store seeds. https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- thelypody eucosmum seasonally moist areas, seeps, and under isolated River). Palatable to cattle and sensitive to and distribution. Study soil moisture relationships. ygh2/files/obG49ZY88z4pdkc- western juniper trees away from obvious moisture grazing pressure Germination and propagation requirements. T1JWlQXNEGEVzXeSn5KPY2Uhu0c

Plant Big- Limnanthes E X Edges of vernal pools at elevations of about 1230 Destruction of vernal pool habitat, industrial Seed germination protocol, pollination studies, Continued population monitoring. Maintain current populations https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- flowered pumila ssp. – 1300 ft, in Agate desert region. Soils are and residential development, agricultural cultivation protocol, transplanting/introduction and restore vernal pool habitat at priority sites, including ygh2/files/P6DPlCO5huijz_OLdLuFJXwcs4Qzbke wooly Grandiflora shallow, Agate-Winlow, and vegetation is sparse, conversion, grazing and competition with protocol Denman Wildlife Management Area MAc-BH9ArIzQ meadowfoa with few tries. Overall topography of area is invasive plants m mound-swale, with underlying impervious layer that traps winter rains Plant Boggs Lake Gratiola T X Semi-aquatic habitats, in mud or damp soil at the Potentially disturbed by grazing Study impacts of cattle grazing. Determine Only known Oregon population on BLM habitat. Monitor existing https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- hedge heterosepala edge of lakes, at around 5575 ft altitude, propagation and reintroduction protocol. populations. Survey for suitable habitat for the establishment of ygh2/files/VCWO_UbIxOqrb2GcBA6SoFQFnXJx hyssop surrounded by sagebrush flats new populations Uw4oRRf0zgi5VQk Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Plant Bradshaw's Lomatium E X Wet prairies, near banks of creeks or small rivers, Habitat loss, degradation due to lack of fire Reproductive biology studies, seed bank formation Continue implementing actions in Recovery Plan. Locate https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- desert bradshawii with shallow, poorly drained clay soils and competition from invasive plants, studies, may benefit from light grazing which protected sites with suitable habitat for introduction on east side ygh2/files/tMVEiEQ3FN6D- parsley overspray of herbicides reduces competition from other plants – determine of Willamette Valley. Maintain or restore grass-dominated Qn7cKjDfxL_jXoOdLHCMq-3UdU2ojk grazing regimes that maintain populations habitats; maintain or restore hydrology; control key invasive plants; use mowing or prescribed fire to control brush and trees; maintain populations in roadsides and ditches

Plant Cascade Silene T X Grassy meadow and rocky outcrops adjacent to Very restricted distribution, few populations, Methods to reduce leaf litter accumulations. Manage recreation at known sites to prevent trampling. https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- Head douglasii Pacific Ocean and small population size. Habitat loss and Propagation and reintroduction methods. Maintain open habitats by removing encroaching shrubs ygh2/files/2oUtjOgNLqvXpVflhseWmeFpju3DDacl catchfly var. oraria fragmentation due to development. Invasive 561BOo3UF30 plants. Recreational use of sites. Herbivory.

Plant Cook's Lomatium E X Jackson Co: vernal pools in Agate Desert which Habitat loss and degradation, conversion to Seed production, breeding system studies, Maintain current populations and restore vernal pool habitat at https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- desert cookii range from 3-100 ft across and are no more than agriculture, livestock grazing, residential transplanting and/or introduction protocol priority sites, including Denman Wildlife Management Area. ygh2/files/5FktPL1OMR4_t97Z6ZbL2gjv2BJ1q6ha parsley 12 in deep. Josephine Co: seasonally wet grassy development, road and powerline right-of- Manage road construction and maintenance projects to avoid cOMe3enTH2Q meadows on alluvial floodplains in the Illinois way maintenance such as herbicide spraying, impacts to hydrology in and around known populations. Valley, with underlying soil forming clay pan off-road vehicle use, invasive plants, mining, fire suppression resulting in shrub

Plant Coast Erythronium T X Open meadows, brushland, rocky cliffs, open to Restricted distribution (endemic to Oregon’s Distribution and microhabitat requirements. Survey for new sites in potential habitat. Continue efforts to https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- Range fawn elegans closed coniferous forests, edges of sphagnum Coast Range); only 5 known populations. Historic distribution (e.g., have populations declined protect known sites and monitor populations. Collect and store ygh2/files/2N2bgVSHH3umIO4Lez3RMVXA5ZKh lily bogs. Plant collection. Herbivory. Fungal infection or always been rare?). Population genetics. seeds. Consider re-introductions. TVLjl0nWnkGtLuQ (Douglas fir blight). Impacts to habitat from logging Plant Crinite Calochortus E X In meadow, leaf litter and moss habitats between Bulb collection and flower picking, grazing, Propagation and transplantation protocol, Survey for potential habitat for the establishment of new https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- mariposa coxii 1375 -3000 foot elevation. Serpentine soils in seed predation, fire suppression reproductive biology studies to determine causes of populations, long-term monitoring of known populations, ygh2/files/UQvJBxpiKL11p0DNZ_A56Ovgs7lNg8 lily transition zones between coniferous forests and low fecundity, research soil/microsite mechanism manage grazing and recreational activity in sensitive areas CGfiPsxM-PlYc grass-shrub meadows causing endemism to serpentine soils

Plant Cronquist's Hackelia T X Sandy sagebrush slopes, sometimes on moist Limited distribution; grazing, herbicide and Study of impacts of light grazing, which may open Continue to implement Habitat Management Plan on public https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- stickseed cronquistii slopes of ravines, elevations between 2060-2460 ft insecticide use; agricultural development; up sagebrush and create suitable habitat or may be (BLM) land (manage recreational access, herbicide use, grazing, ygh2/files/jTQ1UKVTovXrrjAxrwVrL8tRv1GEb6W invasive plant and crop seeding competition; damaging. Propagation and transplant protocols. and insecticide use during flowering periods to maintain XpGwqBhfi-h4 unregulated off-road vehicle and equestrian Survey for additional populations. populations). use Plant Crosby's Eriogonum T X Rolling hills dominated by big sagebrush, on light Cattle grazing, range improvement projects, Propagation and transplanting protocol, Limit rangeland projects within its habitat, prevent off-road https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- buckwheat crosbyae colored tuffaceous, sedimentary sandstone, off-road vehicle traffic, mining reproductive biology including pollinator studies, vehicle traffic, conduct long-term monitoring to detect seed ygh2/files/juN6csDCaQqJCrh1HpkSfK7tNVUIwrgf elevation 5450-5540 ft. genetic analysis production trends, collect and store seeds HlPSab8AqzE Plant Cusick's Lupinus E X Loose, rocky soils, barren ash deposits Narrow distribution (Baker Co. and Idaho); Factors affecting plant reproduction and population Survey likely habitat for additional populations. Manage grazing https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- lupine lepidus var. vulnerable to uncontrolled off-highway density and off-highway vehicle use at known sites. ygh2/files/kKy0nuBGrLcdzmpzpGlthmcR_Ju0VCc cusickii vehicle use and livestock grazing JxKKsfYtuRZU

Plant Davis' Lepidium T X Hard, white clayey playas, poorly drained and Offroad vehicles and trampling due use of Reproductive biology, life history information, Fence populations on public land to reduce impacts from off- https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- peppergras davisii often inundated with standing water. Elevation habitat as watering sites for feral and analysis of differences between isolated road vehicles and grazing ygh2/files/hmayL-y- s from 3100-5575 ft domestic livestock. populations (observed morphological differences), pvo6_gLz98NSmZ3JiV9cbPNUlPAEzkca8lc Propagation and transplanting protocol

Plant Dwarf Limnanthes T X Ancient basalt laval flows on Upper and Lower Limited habitat, trail construction and Seed germination protocol, pollination studies, Minimize impacts from trail construction and maintenance. https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- meadowfoa pumila ssp. Table Rocks in Jackson County, above 1950 ft. maintenance cultivation protocol, transplanting/ introduction Continue population monitoring. Note: plant occurs only on ygh2/files/WYbn24P_n4VCs0kV8N0XCIIXHDmca m Pumila Grows along edges of deep vernal pools. protocol federal land MKgtR_2TVpRgbQ

Plant Gentner's Fritillaria E X Variable: woodlands dominated by Oregon white Loss of habitat and habitat degradation due Seed germination studies. Complete chromosome Minimize impacts from road maintenance and construction on https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- fritillary gentneri oak, moist riparian areas, Douglas-fir forests, to invasive plant infestations, road counts to clarify mechanism causing observed existing roadside populations. Continue monitoring existing ygh2/files/hOVGNQbJRCtHrQXQkpD8uHaJbEqy serpentine sites. Most likely to be found in construction, agricultural disturbances, urban sterility. Complete pollen viability tests. Cross populations 7Es8kynNNs9PeVU ecotones between forested sites and more open development, grazing, off-road vehicle use, pollination studies between F. recurva and F. affinis habitat, in open canopied forest, in permanent trail maintenance (putative parents of F. gentneri ). Pollinator openings in the forest, and in large riparian zones visitation studies. Molecular studies of population with canopy gaps or deciduous tree canopies structure Plant Golden Eriogonum T X Exposed, rocky ridges at mid elevations Narrow distribution (endemic to a small area Population status; factors limiting population Monitor existing populations https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- buckwheat chrysops in Malheur County); small population size, distribution and size; population surveys ygh2/files/C315K72oWedUuYjyWB12NxAzzbIcw- quarry mining YZLkAnM1oOa84 Plant Golden Castilleja E X Low elevations open prairies with moist winter Habitat loss due to urbanization, commercial Breeding system and pollination studies, response Survey potential habitat for populations, continue experimental https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- paintbrush levisecta soil (but no standing water); often on gravelly and agricultural development; encroachment to fire, long-term demographic monitoring reintroduction. Note: thought to be extirpated from Oregon. ygh2/files/Nm8k7wyRa5rzzHO5DnWEYR5XBsN- glacial outwash or outcrops of clayey glacio- of native species as result of fire suppression; 8ku243TKb6pO2js lacustrine sediment non-native invasive weed competition; trampling by recreationists; herbivory (deer, rabbits

Plant Greenman's Lomatium T X Subalpine grasslands on rocky sedmentary/ basalt Naturally rare – localized endemic with four Reproductive and pollination biology studies; Construction of pathways has reduced impacts: continue to https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- desert greenmanii soils known occurrences on three mountain peaks determine seed germination, propagation and manage recreational use to minimize trampling. ygh2/files/Y71NyuNSxV36wqcElHr1WMPRotbLVl parsley in the Wallowa Mountains; one site is near a transplantation protocols; study impacts of grazing FATI-yfB34cMs nature trail that is accessible by aerial tram and other potential disturbances. so is vulnerable to unintentional trampling

Plant Grimy Ivesia E X Ash deposits, on widely scattered outcrops of Mining (grows on potential gold-bearing Size of 4 Oregon populations, effects of low Survey for suitable habitat for establishment of new populations, https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- ivesia rhypara var. welded ash tuff, roots in shallow weathered deposits), off-road vehicles, grazing precipitation on reproduction and survival, limit insecticide spraying while plants are in bloom, monitor ygh2/files/uTUX2YVXrA5vfi-nB4zLhetT_- rhypara surface soil and cracks in underlying bedrock transplantation protocol populations to assess population trends, fence populations on qRDu6UrhwioMGofsc public land to prevent cattle trampling Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Plant Howell's Calochortus T X Serpentine outcrops at lower to middle Mining, horticultural collecting, grazing Develop propagation and transplanting protocol, Manage grazing in areas known to contain populations of this https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- mariposa howellii elevations, often on brush covered slopes or in research soil/microsite mechanism causing species, minimize impacts from mining ygh2/files/2I3U72gURXzq7Kf7pfBQXXWw3XLY1c lily scattered woods endemism to serpentine soils DyC48qWJ_delg Plant Howell's Microseris T X Slopes or flat ground with varying exposures, in Grazing, prospecting and nickel strip mining, Reproductive biology, pollination studies, genetic Minimize impacts from mining https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- microseris howellii rocky serpentine soils at about 1150 -3500 ft excavation at gravel quarry analysis, propagation and transplanting protocol ygh2/files/WGlAXj2zOst2Cr00bRZiF8rxUDRMuI1 JThk0wEKgG8Y Plant Howell's Thelypodium E X low elevation (3,000 to 3,300 ft) river valleys and Narrow distribution (endemic species to Well inventoried, but taxonomic relationships need Locate protected sites with potential habitat. Minimize grazing https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- spectacular howellii ssp. moist (often alkaline) plains; occurs at edge Baker-Powder drainage). Competition from to be clarified. Seed germination and propagation and mowing during growing season at priority sites. Control key ygh2/files/OX6LZ_MGr1UJ8P6Z35c6ysOlWF6sW thelypody spectabilis between black greasewood and riparian habitats; invasive plants; habitat loss and protocol. Seed generation methods. Life history, invasive plants. Continue voluntary cooperative efforts with _hREgysxmNg5us may be dependent on seasonal flooding fragmentation due to habitat conversion; growth requirements, and general ecology private landowners. Create new populations. Collect and store changes in hydrology; sensitive to grazing seeds pressure; mowing during growing season

Plant Howellia Howellia T X Low elevation shaded riparian vernal pools Habitat loss due to agricultural and urban Determine propagation and transplant protocol, Maintain or restore seasonal wetland habitats, control invasive https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- aquatilis development, changes in wetland hydrology, long-term population demographic studies, seed plants at priority sites, survey for additional populations. ygh2/files/BK3dW671wLemSbGsAdmgkGveB5A1 invasive plants (reed canary grass, purple viability and distribution mechanism studies, seed Recovery plan identifies additional conservation actions dSLg2tms6sXlBpQ loosestrife), aquatic vegetation succession bank studies, methods for storing viable seeds

Plant Kincaid's Lupinus T X X Seasonally wet native prairies Habitat loss due to urbanization and Causes for low seed production at higher elevation Restore prairie habitat using site-appropriate tools (e.g., burning, https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- lupine oreganus agriculture; invasive plants; elimination of sites. Investigate potential polyploidy mechanical removal of encroaching vegetation). Develop seed ygh2/files/so_dVz0YRQv1GFwW- disturbance regimes (flooding, fire) which production fields for each recovery zone. Long-term LTwZIjYFAtVN45qMSd3CfwBl24 maintain prairies; inbreeding depression due demographic monitoring. Survey for new populations Limit to small populations; road construction and impacts from road construction/ maintenance activities at maintenance affects remnant habitats known sites

Plant Large- Hastingsia T X Bogs, moist open meadows, seeps and wetlands Severely affected by cattle grazing. Also Germination studies, propagation and Maintain California pitcher-plant bogs, which provide habitat for https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- flowered bracteosa often overlying serpentine or peridotite rock impacts from mining, water diversion from transplantation protocol many rare species. Minimize water withdrawals from bog sites. ygh2/files/RmL8dhCAu77j-xVpHK- rush lily formations. Open areas generally below 780 ft, bogs, off-road vehicle use, land development Carefully manage or eliminate grazing at known population sites, gbT9tEboyKPH8YojneRqzwU8 often with gentle slope collect/store seeds (including seeds from both white and purple flowers)

Plant Lawrence's Astragalus T X Deep loess soils in Palouse grasslands Habitat loss (agriculture conversion); narrow Reproductive biology studies, pollinator studies, Work cooperatively with landowners to maintain priority sites; https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- milkvetch collinus var. distribution (endemic to western Umatilla development of seed germination, propagation and control invasive plants ygh2/files/5UKmBHDH1rtmixAseygoSsCPacNy7i laurentii and Morrow counties); grazing; herbicide transplant protocols BH73UsY8HC5Bk use; road construction; invasive plants (primarily knapweeds) Plant Macfarlane' Mirabilis E X Warm, dry, open canyon slopes. Soils are sandy Narrow distribution (Hell’s Canyon and Development of seed germination, propagation and Actions implemented through the Recovery Plan (1985) https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- s four macfarlanei or rocky and are often unstable. northwestern Idaho). Potential inbreeding transplant protocols; pollination studies, investigate contributed to improved species status and downlisting from ygh2/files/V3MHF_j12kUZQDjwR5etMQ8OhEBkQ o'clock depression. Primary limiting factor is extent of seed bank. Determine if inbreeding Endangered to Threatened in 1996. Continue implementing J2pfjTwuglrTBU invasive plants, but other impacts occur from depression is a limiting factor actions specified in Recovery Plan and continued monitoring at off-highway vehicle use, construction and permanent plots maintenance of roads and trails, mining, and herbicide drift. Historically, uncontrolled livestock grazing degraded habitats but is no longer a limiting factor for this species.

Plant Malheur Amsinckia T X Yellowish talus slopes and gravel accumulations at Mining, grazing and range improvements, Analyze the genetic variability within and among Only found on federal property. Continue to manage existing https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- Valley carinata elevations of about 980 ft. agricultural development, hybridization and populations, study the extent of hybridization populations. ygh2/files/v000nJ0uWB-p6TrcDw- fiddleneck competition with A. tessellata c6UsPiPp_ndoP5v14dKEkucc

Plant Malheur Stephanome E X Eastern Oregon sagebrush steppe, tops of broad Competition from invasive plants, including Soil seed bank survivorship studies to determine Only known site on BLM protected land. Survey for suitable https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- wire-lettuce ria hills zabove surrounding flats, volcanic tuff layered cheatgrass. Small population size puts length of time seeds remain viable (in soil and in habitat for reintroduction efforts. Establish additional ygh2/files/7pEF3_MnG3b_pdJg_UYPSIEx6lacZp8 malheurensi with thin crusts of limestone species at risk of extirpation due to random storage) populations. Continue to minimize mining activity near 534Ci4w-iva4 s events. Herbivory. Soil compaction by populations. Continue banking seeds for future needs researchers. Plant Mulford's Astragalus E X Shrub-steppe and desert shrub communities in Habitat degradation, urban development, Pollination mechanism, genetic studies of different Monitoring of populations, Collect and store seeds from across https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- milkvetch mulfordiae semi-arid cold-desert region of southeastern livestock grazing and trampling, fires leading populations (which respond differently to range. Survey for suitable protected habitat. Establish new ygh2/files/SSBWnv0e6hAB5J-J3dYOR- Oregon. On moderately steep to steep southeast, to invasion of cheatgrass, off-road vehicle disturbance), grazing impact studies, propagation populations f4Ntd8y2Q25eZ8GBpiq8A south and southwest facing slopes consisting of use, invasive weeds, herbicide drift from and reintroduction protocols old river deposits, sandy areas near rivers, sandy invasive weed control, loss of pollinators due bluffs, and dune-like talus. Elevation 2100-3200 ft to insecticide spraying, road development and maintenance, population fragmentation and isolation leading to inbreeding depression, mining

Plant Nelson's Sidalcea T X X Wet and dry prairies, wetlands, edges of Habitat loss due to conversion, habitat Additional research on ecology of seed-predating Maintain or restore grass-dominated habitats; maintain or https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- checkermall nelsoniana woodlands, riparian areas and remnant degradation due to lack of fire and weevils. Seed germination studies. Genetic restore hydrology; control key invasive plants; use mowing or ygh2/files/o4p0i21YUreMO_xUDhyO4nXD4fSPzZ ow populations occur in roadsides and ditches competition from invasive plants, overspray diversity prescribed fire to control brush and trees; maintain populations we6P1SluYFZv0 of herbicides. Seed predation by weevils in roadsides and ditches

Plant Northern Artemisia E X X Historically known from banks of Columbia River; Habitat destruction due to highway Reproductive biology studies; pollinator studies; Survey likely habitat for populations, reintroduce populations to https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- wormwood campestris found with shrub-steppe vegetation, on basalt, construction, dam-related and other demographic studies; development of seed suitable habitat ygh2/files/7cYL7tS5r5WmLtXIB6dftJWkABt0clhY var. compacted cobble and sandy substrates development, and floods germination, propagation and transplantation p3HhrviGthM wormskioldii protocols Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Plant Oregon Pleuropogon T X X Moist meadows and marshland, often comprised Naturally rare with disjunct populations; May benefit from light grazing regimes that reduce Manage grazing at known populations. Collect and store seed. https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- semaphore oregonus of gravelly silt loam or clay soil inundated by slow- palatable to cows and vulnerable to grazing thatch: develop grazing regimes that are Currently being introduced into suitable habitat on public land. ygh2/files/OniKJDxqYdHPSpPQ5q3Z-EY- grass moving water; around 2450-3950 ft elevation due to shallow roots; loss of habitat due to compatible with maintaining populations. Develop Z7_S78E31iFc-Gyk4z0 drainage for agricultural use; naturally low transplanting protocol. reproductive capability

Plant Owyhee Trifolium E X Endemic to Owyhee Uplands, barren slopes or Invasive weeds, ground disturbance by Germination and cultivation protocols (investigation Mitigate range projects which are potentially damaging to the https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- clover owyheense mounds composed of talus and loose soils derived livestock, potential habitat loss from of required soil symbionts), seed collection focusing species, minimize ash and gravel excavation in sensitive areas, ygh2/files/uU__VQQYBXxD4Nh6uGFJ_Li8oepch from tuffaceaus/ashy parent material development of mining claims, spraying and on capturing potential genetic diversity, manage recreational activity in sensitive areas wcDujk8GiYQkOk seeding associated with rangeland transplantation protocol improvements, road construction, off-road vehicle traffic Plant Packard's Mentzelia T X Volcanic ash high in potassium, grows on loose Mining, recreational activity disturbance, off- Common garden studies/genetic investigation of Minimize road construction into side canyons and mining activity https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- mentzelia packardiae slopes at altitudes of about 2950-5250 ft. road vehicle use, road construction utilizing between population variation, size/longevity of near populations. Minimize pesticide spraying along local ygh2/files/kUfGwMh0cokYWeUzzt-JH5KA0- ash substrate seed bank, collect/store seeds at Berry Botanic roadways before and during blooming period (threat to LZV1QgsU_0t5ZbbJ8 Garden, propagation and transplantation protocol pollinators). Monitor populations annually

Plant Peacock Delphinium E X Slightly higher and drier microhabitats within wet Narrow distribution (endemic to Willamette Reproductive biology studies, pollinator studies, Maintain or restore grass-dominated habitats; maintain or https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- larkspur pavonaceum prairies, shady edges of Oregon ash and Oregon Valley), habitat loss, degradation due to lack hybridization studies, germination requirements, restore hydrology; control key invasive plants; use mowing or ygh2/files/FzkbtZ8oal8llomwhy7lIE6yQEQFA2u8_ oak woodlands of fire and competition from invasive plants, propagation and transplanting protocols prescribed fire to control brush and trees; maintain populations BD6voCCgNQ overspray of herbicides in roadsides and ditches; collect and store seeds

Plant Peck's Astragalus T X X Prefers open habitat, although associated with Limited to Deschutes and Klamath County; Pollinator biology studies, plant response to Determine and protect known sites of occurrence https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- milkvetch peckii pine, juniper or bitterbrush communities; sandy small number of populations; illegal off-road disturbances. ygh2/files/Tbzaiw- soils; 3,000-5000 ft elevation vehicle use dwq1ksX7PLeWdKeSQh264mKDU0WwqjI-fRYU

Plant Pink Abronia E X Open, sandy habitats (dunes and beaches); Narrow habitat requirements. Habitat loss Methods to recruit new plants to populations in the Continue efforts to control European beachgrass and manage off- https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- sandverben umbellata ephemeral sites created by storms. due to European beachgrass invasion. wild. highway vehicle use at known sites. Continue to monitor ygh2/files/uW4fAt5ZWVHZLbGbj28xN8O2DEkBB a var. Impacts to habitat and populations from off- populations. 0uKW1HKH4j_aAg breviflora highway vehicles. Winter storms destroy populations, but also create new habitat and disperse seeds.

Plant Pumice Botrychium T X Open, flat, high elevation ridgetops to gently Small size makes vulnerable to trampling. Identify protected populations (work in progress by Avoid disturbing ground at known sites unless activities https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- grape-fern pumicola rolling slopes with rocky or coarse pumice soils. Affected by fire suppression (closing interdisciplinary scientific team). Does Newberry specifically designed to maintain or enhance populations ygh2/files/z5LC4Wpt7judROVgqrZyzFH_mAxf4kk Clumpy distribution. Associated with alpine scree canopies); timber harvest that compacts soil. pumice plume represent a special habitat? Note 1_yPf7CebNkY or lodgepole pine or antelope bitterbrush frost- Facilities, roads, or trails can eliminate uncertainty of annual surveys because of pockets. Emerges in years when conditions are habitat unpredictable emergence patterns sufficiently moist Plant McDonald's Arabis E X Serpentine, fairly barren habitat, usually on steep Slope erosion, road maintenance, logging, Determine propagation and transplanting protocols, Survey for new populations, collect and bank seeds from Oregon https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- rockcress macdonaldia unstable slopes or dry open woods below 4900 ft. succession, nickel mining, over-collection, off- determine environmental variables associated with populations, minimize disturbance at priority sites during ygh2/files/E3xv5FKJt6T35A- na Sites usually recently disturbed road vehicle use plant presence growing season hgizv3miI1GMGYiIpbaPWy-C6-P4

Plant Red-fruited Lomatium E X Endemic to high elevation, open habitats in the Naturally rare with extremely limited Highly variable population trends: need to Continue monitoring populations to determine population trends lomatium erythrocarpu Elkhorn Mountains. Found on steep south- and geographic distribution. determine population demographics, factors and their causes; conduct surveys to determine if additional m east-facing slopes in gravelly soils. Occurs influencing populations, and if observed variation in populations exist. primarily on one soil type (Elkhorn argillite) but population density is an artifact of census occasionally on limestone soils methodology. Determine seed viability, longevity, and germination rates. Determine if a recreational trail and/or grazing by wildlife affects populations. Plant Rough Plagiobothry E X Unshaded seasonally wet pools (vernal pools) Habitat loss due to conversion of wetlands to Extent of distribution, potential for hybridization Avoid herbicide spraying on roadside populations. Work https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- popcornflow s hirtus agricultural fields and urban development, with other species in the same genus cooperatively with private landowners to maintain populations ygh2/files/CcuUa49Q254jqZGuCuhx0uWLmRPc er fire suppression, invasive plants, livestock on private land. Acquire land with quality habitat for population MeawOA6Jq7Hcbb8 grazing creation projects. Continue monitoring existing populations. Carefully manage grazing and fence priority populations, if necessary Plant Point Reyes Cordylanthus E X Salt marsh, particularly at edges of salt pan with Impacts to habitat and populations from off- Study affects of pollution. Methods for Manage off-highway vehicle use at known populations. https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- bird's-beak maritimus occasional tidal inundation highway vehicles. Habitat loss due to draining germination, propagation, and reintroduction. ygh2/files/dvrH7o6aPpfvXsQI7yxgUYGyupq- ssp. palustris and filling, land use conversion. Monitor to determine population trends rQoFXAbbAC9qrcY

Plant Sexton Calochortus E X Serpentine soils Over-collection, grazing, agricultural Surveys to document whether or not extirpated, If populations are located, determine conservation actions https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- Mountain indecorus development taxonomic review of species needed to maintain them ygh2/files/kXyTWsN0GukEZI- mariposa 5dUVF17Z3dFae2MBaaZ0IwJBXuoY lily Plant Shiny- Plagiobothry E X “moist places along roads”, specific habitat needs Agricultural and urban development Surveys to document whether or not extirpated, If populations are located, determine conservation actions fruited s unknown taxonomic review of species needed to maintain them allocarya lamprocarpu s Plant Silvery Phacelia T X Unstabilized or semi-stabilized sand dunes, bluffs, Habitat loss due to European beachgrass Life history and biology. Propagation and Continue efforts to control European beachgrass and manage off- https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- phacelia argentea and bases of coastal headlands; above the high invasion and urban development. Impacts reintroduction protocols highway vehicle use at known sites. Continue to monitor ygh2/files/zueGOHhxB0HM4Iors7UW5Omygs4AJ tide level but below 65 ft in elevation from off-highway vehicle use populations E5frDL332gKpNk

Plant Smooth Mentzelia E X Dry, open, green or grey montmorillonite-derived Roadwork, off-road vehicles, grazing, range Reproductive biology, propagation and Ban significant ground disturbing activities, fence populations on https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- mentzelia mollis soil from the Succor Creek formation, with improvement practices, trampling by hikers, transplanting protocol, analyze genetic variation public land to reduce impacts grazing, photo-monitoring of ygh2/files/Mqg0dQxaJDx9G3k11y5VfN0xpZRVq9 abnormally high potassium content (popcorn climatic fluctuations, absence of pollinators, within and among populations, morphological trampling caused by researchers, experimentation with Ko87DDl15zfPQ clay). Elevation about 4590 ft. mining, range fires comparison of northern and southern populations revegetation in disturbed sites. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Plant Snake River Pyrrocoma E X X Arid shrub-steppe rangeland, loam soils on steep Livestock grazing Propagation and transplanting protocol Minimize grazing at priority sites https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- goldenweed radiata rocky hillsides ygh2/files/Sye6Lkj89Fg4HrkdpXr3OE_xPjVpipfQA gWCGqE1tWs

Plant South Fork Astragalus T X Occurs on barren ash in stream bottom habitats in Habitat loss; road construction. None – the restricted distribution is well- Voluntary conservation projects with private landowners, since https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- John Day diaphanus the South Fork of the John Day River. understood most sites are privately-owned and habitats have low economic ygh2/files/MPPTUvaOqe9_XbkN7IuhP0iocQm76n milkvetch var. diurnus value UlIm2mDqv0v_U Plant Spalding's Silene E X Bunchgrass-dominated grasslands with deep soil Invasive plants, especially knapweeds Distribution on private land not well documented Control invasive plants; limit grazing in late summer when in https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- campion spaldingii bloom ygh2/files/satm3x8Rt_wZbhLo1U2QuE2ojujVZ3X AExYWIl0GK8E Plant Sterile Astragalus T X Endemic to Owyhee Uplands, along Owyhee River, Grazing by domestic livestock, mining, Seed collection focusing on capturing potential Fence populations on public land to reduce impacts from off- https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k-ygh2/files/mI- milkvetch cusickii var. bare gravelly and clay soils derived from habitat invasion by weeds genetic diversity, propagation and transplanting road vehicles and grazing. Long-term monitoring. Limit range 9zPbIoxpf12dqalAVnzyKcJwRMGqowhe357cnlH4 sterilis weathered volcanic ash substrates protocol improvement projects in sensitive areas

Plant Tygh Valley Astragalus T X Dry, rocky soils with thin, sandy surface soil; Habitat loss; narrow distribution (endemic to Develop propagation and transplant protocols Use mowing rather than herbicide spraying to control vegetation https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k-ygh2/files/- milkvetch tyghensis occurs in bunchgrass grasslands, mounded prairies Wasco County); competition from invasive at known populations; control invasive plants; manage grazing 6oJNVrZgoC5zzjRKXi- or open juniper habitats plants; roadside vegetation control (spraying) at priority sites HTKYWlSiognzGSILifAPkSs impacts a few roadside populations

Plant Umpqua Calochortus E X X Grassland-forest ecotones on serpentine soils, can Grazing, logging, road construction, herbicide Study factors limiting distribution (reproduction, Continue to implement interagency Conservation Agreement. https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- mariposa umpquaensi be found in a broad range of habitat from closed drift from adjoining private land applications, fecundity, etc.), propagation and transplanting Manage grazing and logging in sensitive areas, establish long- ygh2/files/7BxwHWtA514Kgp5uc87MAdO8t4HFU lily s canopy coniferous forests to open grass-forb bulb digging by collectors, fire suppression, protocol term monitoring, collect/store seed from all populations, survey Px-pu2RBTSZGk8 meadows nickel mining, competition from invasive for new populations plants

Plant Wayside Eucephalus T X X X Variable habitat: relatively open areas in the Habitat loss due to residential development Biology of species (seed production, breeding Limit road maintenance during growing season at priority sites. https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- aster vialis understory of mixed coniferous/ hardwood and timber harvesting activities. Fire system/ pollination, hybridization issues), Conduct surveys for new populations. Maintain and restore ygh2/files/D_jhhze2Ms- forests, along roadsides, and on open slopes and suppression leading to understory brush population demographics and trends, determine habitat at priority sites. meW2S4OL8nOk52XyrG3nBYTqGOfPp8io prairie balds encroachment. Competition from invasive ecological and habitat requirements, genetic plants. Road maintenance; habitat analysis fragmentation; and unregulated off-road vehicle use Plant Western lily Lilium E X Bogs composed of damp, slightly acidic and Habitat loss due to bog draining and filling; May benefit from light grazing regimes that reduces Continue current efforts, such as grazing management, https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- occidentale organic soils; prefers small shrubs with nearby land conversion for agriculture, urban competition from other plants: develop grazing propagation, and experimental vegetation management habitat ygh2/files/3KMRpbbtZm_rctkRvjscQl7p1oInUvQ9 sunlight and may use shrubs for mechanical development, and road construction. Soil regimes that are compatible with maintaining (e.g., prescribed fire, mowing). Maintain and restore bog ULwWZu0Rnms support compaction. Plant collecting and flower populations. Effects from foraging by wildlife (e.g., hydrology. Avoid herbicide application during the growing season picking. Grazing. Habitat degradation due to small mammals, deer, elk) Reproductive biology. for roadside populations and use “No Spray” signs at known fire suppression (encroaching shrubs and Population genetics. populations for educational purposes trees block sunlight and can change hydrology.) Plant White rock Delphinium E X X Well-drained areas within open lowland prairies, Habitat loss due to urban and agricultural Pollinator studies, hybridization studies, Restore habitat using site-appropriate methods (control https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- larkspur leucophaeu dry roadside ditches, along river banks and bluffs, development; habitat degradation due to development of transplanting protocol encroaching trees and shrubs, control key invasive plants). ygh2/files/xiWIZnfwwY6CdDjIqec3UzoHM2bWmG m open areas atop basaltic shelves; loose, shallow loss of natural fire regimes and invasive YACLjQhCjTK58 soils with high content of organic matter encroachment in understory; herbicide use and other roadside maintenance; small population numbers and sizes

Plant White- Sericocarpus T X Open grassland habitats (seasonally wet prairies; Habitat loss, degradation due to lack of fire Pollinator studies, seed sowing protocol Maintain or restore grass-dominated habitats; control key https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- topped rigidus oak savannah) and competition from invasive plants, invasive plants; use mowing or prescribed fire to control brush ygh2/files/OqtkCcHVL02hmXFDR_vCkhY2vB33U aster overspray of herbicides and trees; maintain populations in roadsides and ditches; collect FpQZkxkvRNk4UI and store seeds. Plant Willamette Erigeron E X Heavy soils in seasonally wet native or dry upland Narrow distribution (endemic to Willamette Reproductive biology, long-term demographic Locate protected sites with appropriate habitat for https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- daisy decumbens prairie grasslands Valley), habitat loss, degradation due to lack monitoring to determine population dynamics, establishment of new populations, especially on east side of ygh2/files/joN3hjSJnnKX6UvY-MWr8W- of fire and competition from invasive plants, determine appropriate frequency for fire regime to Willamette Valley. Maintain or restore grass-dominated habitats; TETwp_iAPpowV1p4aYOg overspray of herbicides maintain habitat, perform genetic analysis to maintain or restore hydrology; control key invasive plants; use determine extent of cloning mowing or prescribed fire to control brush and trees; maintain populations in roadsides and ditches; collect and store seeds

Plant Wolf's Oenothera T X Found on patches of Cenozoic-era marine deposits Disjunct distribution because of highly Feasibility of starting new populations from Avoid herbicide application and roadside/park maintenance https://data.oregon.gov/views/8s3k- evening wolfii that are well-drained but have adequate moisture. specific habitat requirements. Hybridization cultivated plants; determine extent of hybridization activities during the growing season. Public outreach about the ygh2/files/zjymHB7N_lHWWWvlDzfIDOgxd3FMX primrose Habitats include grasslands, coastal strand, with garden evening-primrose (Oenothera problems caused by garden evening-primrose in areas where NKkA6A1Ku91-1k roadsides, and coastal bluffs. glazioviana), a closely-related non-native hybridization is a problem. ornamental plant. Habitat loss due to urban development and road construction. Herbicide use. Invertebrate Fender’s Icaricia X Native prairie and oak savannah. Requires Habitat loss, habitat degradation due to Continue surveys and consider for down-listing Maintain and restore wet prairie habitat and populations of blue icarioides Kincaid’s lupine as a host plant. invasive plants at a future time. Kincaid’s lupine; use caution when implementing gypsy (butterfly) fenderi moth control in nearby forests Invertebrate Hoary elfin Incisalia X Coastal bluffs. Known from only three sites Narrow distribution (subspecies is Life history. Surveys to determine status and Protect known sites of occurrence. Restore coastal bluff http://www.xerces.org/seaside-hoary-elfin/ (butterfly) polia globally, and two of these are in Oregon: Pistol endemic); habitat loss due to extent throughout Oregon grasslands. maritime River State Park and Driftwood Beach State development; habitat degradation due to Wayside. fire suppression; invasive plants Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Invertebrate Insular blue Plebeius X Wet, open habitats (bogs, meadows, ditches); Habitat loss due to development; habitat Surveys for additional locations, to determine Protect known sites of occurrence. Restore meadow http://www.xerces.org/insular-blue/ butterfly (= saepiolus uses coastal salt-spray meadows; uses clover degradation due to fire suppression; ssp extent. habitats. Currently known to exist at only 3 sites, 2 located greenish littoralis as a host plant; conifer trees adjacent to invasive plants in Oregon: Cape Blanco and Bullards Beach State Parks). blue) meadows serve as windbreaks

Invertebrate Mardon Polites X Meadow habitats; larvae feed on native Naturally rare with disjunct populations; Effects of invasive plant control on populations; Maintain and restore meadow habitats. Continue ongoing skipper mardon fescue (grass). Rare and localized distribution loss of grassland habitats; invasive plants. distribution habitat restoration and monitoring efforts. (butterfly) Populations appear to be declining, are highly restricted, and face threats from drying meadows and increasing OHV use

Invertebrate Oregon Speyeria X Salt-spray meadows; depends on 2 species of Habitat loss due to development. Management techniques for violet host plants. Continue to implement actions identified in recovery plan. silverspot zerene violet as host plant (early blue and western Recreation. Fire suppression that allows Monitor success of re-introductions throuhout Protect known sites, with long-term management to butterfly hippolyta blue violets); spruce trees adjacent to grass to overshadow early blue violets range maintain suitable habitat characteristics and monitoring. meadows serve as shelter and windbreaks

Invertebrate Taylor’s Euphydryas X Low-elevation upland prairies; currently using Habitat loss, habitat degradation due to Historic native host plant Protect two remaining populations in Oregon (Beazell checkerspot editha the non-native narrow-leaved plantain as a invasive plants and lack of fire Meadow and Fitton Green). Maintain grassland habitats, (butterfly) taylori host plant. increase plant diversity for nectar plants, control key invasive non-native plants.

Invertebrate Oregon Helminthogl X X Rocky areas including talus deposits. Requires Limited distribution; Disturbance to Understanding of habitat requirements; Maintain sufficient levels of woody debris or shrub shading shoulderba ypta permanent ground cover or moisture, microhabitats, i.e. talus. Disturbance that population dynamics Maintain suitable habitat conditions at known sites nd hertleini including: talus, rock fissures, or woody reduces coarse woody debris, shading or debris. other refuge.

Invertebrate Pacific X Semiaquatic; among wet vegetation along Restricted distributions. Other limiting Habitat requirements and limiting factors Protect known sites of occurrence. Investigate habitat walker (Pomatiopsis water factors poorly understood requirements and use these to guide management actions californica

Invertebrate Sister’s Hochbergell X Undetermined Restricted distributions. Other limiting Habitat requirements and limiting factors Protect known sites of occurrence. Investigate habitat Roth B. and W. B. Miller. 1992. A new genus of hesperian us hirsutus factors poorly understood requirements and use these to guide management actions Polygyrid Land Snail … from Oregon. The Veliger 35(3):222-225. All specimens at that time were from Curry County, Oregon. TEB

Invertebrate Archimedes Pygulopsis X Spring-influenced areas of large lakes Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or springsnail archimedis and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. .

Invertebrate Bulb juga Juga X X Cold, highly oxygenated water; found in gravel- Fragmentation of waterways; habitat loss Distribution, species-specific requirements Maintain or restore high water quality. bulbosa boulder riffles due to dams; water diversions; increased water temperature; reduced oxygen levels; reduced water quality Invertebrate Dall's X Spring-influenced areas of large lakes; now Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or ramshorn limited to Upper Klamath Lake and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. .

Invertebrate Great Basin Helisoma X Spring-influenced areas in large lakes and Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or ramshorn newberryi rivers and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities newberryi practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. .

Invertebrate Highcap Lanx alta X Spring-influenced areas in larger rivers and Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or lanx tributaries and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Invertebrate Klamath Vorticifex X Spring-influenced streams; now limited to Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or ramshorn klamathens Upper Klamath area and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities is practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. klamathens (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration is and decreased flow. Invertebrate Lined Vorticifex X Spring-fed lakes and large creeks Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or ramshorn effusus and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities diagonalis practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. Invertebrate Purple- Juga X X Cold, highly oxygenated water; found in gravel- Fragmentation of waterways; habitat loss Distribution, species-specific requirements Maintain or restore high water quality. lipped juga hemphilli boulder riffles due to dams; water diversions; increased (=Dechutes hemphilli water temperature; reduced oxygen juga) ( levels; reduced water quality Invertebrate Robust Pomatiopsi X Perennial seeps and rivulets Undetermined Species-specific habitat requirements. Protect known sites of occurrence. and use these to guide walker s binneyi management actions Invertebrate Rotund lanx Lanx X Large rivers (Umpqua) and major tributaries, Modifications to hydrology that disturb Undetermined Maintain or restore watershed function and flow dynamics subrotunda generally in swift current on rocky substrate flow regimes. Water quality

Invertebrate Scale lanx Lanx X Large spring-fed lakes and rivers Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or klamathens and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities is practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. Invertebrate Scalloped Juga X Large springs and rivers. Well aerated cold Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or juga acutifilosa waters and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. Invertebrate Shortface Fisherola X Unpolluted swift-flowing, highly oxygenated Habitat loss due to dams on Columbia Distribution and life history requirements Maintain or restore high water quality. Sensitive to lanx nuttalli cold water in small to large rivers; on stable river; sedimentation; agricultural and hydrological modifications from dams boulder-gravel substrates; currently occurs in industrial runoff that affects water quality Lower Deschutes River (possibly Columbia River) Invertebrate Sinitsin Vorticifex X Large, cold springs Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or ramshorn klamathens and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities is sinitsini practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. Invertebrate Siskiyou Vespericola X X Terrestrial. May be found in spring seeps; Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or Hesperian sierranus under leaf litter. and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. Invertebrate Turban Fluminicola X Cold nutrient-poor springs Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or pebblesnail turbiniformi and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities s practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow. Invertebrate (a Capnia X Dry stream beds at low elevation. Known Restricted distribution. Potential distribution at additional locations. Protect existing habitat. Survey for additional locations stonefly) kersti habitat restricted to approx. 1/4 mile of stream habitat from the West Fork of Willow Creek (near Eugene, OR).

Invertebrate Beller's Agonum X X Sphagnum bogs with open water Wingless. Restricted to patchy Distribution, especially in southern portion. Protection of known habitat. Surveys to better LaBonte et al. 2001 ground belleri habitat on the crest of the Cascades Demographics. Responses to habitat understand southern portion of range. Studies of beetle: (Hatch) alteration. demographics and responses to habitat modification.

Invertebrate Leona's Philotiella X X This species inhabits one known location Conifer encroachment and fire; loss of Population age structure, stability and potential Maintain and restore existing habitat with appropriate host little blue leona globally: Approximately six square miles of ash- early successional habitat; mining and for persistence and nectar plants. (butterfly) pumice habitat with spurry buckwheat located over-grazing of livestock southeast of Crater Lake, OR.

Invertebrate Monarch Danaus X X X X X X X X Caterpillars feed almost exclusively on Loss ofmilkweed and nectar plants. Breeding location. Seasonal migration routes Plant milkweed and nectar plants. Avoid mowing during plexippus milkweed (Asclepias sp.), and migrating adults Affected by mowing milkweed from critical development periods require nectar from flowering plants blooming roadsides before caterpillars have in the spring and fall to fuel migrations developed. Pesticides. Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Invertebrate Great Speyeria X X Feed strictly on violets, mostly on V. glabells in Loss of suitable habitat and host plants. Distribution and range throughout Oregon. Protect locations of preferred host plant, manage for spangled cybele western OR. conifer encroachment of meadows, maintain hydrology at fritillary known sites. Invertebrate Western Bombus X X X X X X X X Use a wide variety of natural, agricultural, Vulnerable to reduced genetic diversity. Causes and extent of population declines. Plant and protect bumblebee habitat so that suitable nest http://www.xerces.org/bumblebees/guidelines/ bumble bee occidentalis urban, and rural habitats. Now largely Pathogens from commercial bumble bees Surveys at historic and potential sites are sites, nectar and pollen, and overwintering habitat are http://www.bumblebeewatch.org confined to high elevation sites and areas east and other sources. Conifer encroachment needed throughout Oregon. Taxonomy and provided. of the Cascade Crest. Requires nesting sites, and habitat conversion. Development subspecies of B. occidentalis nectar and pollen throughout the spring, summer and fall. Suitable overwintering sites for the queens

Invertebrate Franklin's Bombus X X Sufficient supply of nectar and pollen Disease, habitat alteration, pesticide Monitor historic sites. Population estimates. Since this species has not been seen since 2006, surveys http://www.xerces.org/bumblebees/guidelines/ bumble bee franklini throughout the colony season. Uses a variety applications, fire suppression and loss of Pathology and control of Nosema bombi that target historic sites. If B. franklini is found, protect of flowering plants including: Lupine, meadow habitat, climate change, and [Microsporidia] and other potential disease important bumblebee habitat. California poppy, horsemint, penny-royal. competition with honey bees. organisms (such as Locustacrus buchneri Requires abandoned rodent borrows or [Acarina] and Crithidia bombi [Protozoa]). clumps of grass for nesting. Susceptbility of commercially reared and wild bumble bee species to pathogens

Invertebrate California Anodonta X In Oregon, this species uses speckled dace as a Loss of host fish, channel modifications, Distribution. Identify specific host fish species. Protect known populations of host fish. Maintain water http://www.xerces.org/wp- floater californiensis primary host, and probably many other fish dredging and mining, contamination, Determine whether populations represent quality. content/uploads/2010/12/xerces-status-review- (freshwater species. Occur in lakes, slow rivers, and some sedimentation, nutrient enrichment, distinct species or subspecies. Taxonomic anodonta-californiensis-and-nuttalliana.pdf mussel, reservoirs with mud or sand substrates. water withdrawal and diversion, poorly relationship with A. nuttallaina Sedentary filter feeders that consume managed livestock grazing in riparian plankton and other particulate matter that is areas, and the introduction of non-native suspended in the water column, and fish and invertebrate species contribute to nutrient cycling. May prefer higher reaches of streams, often associated with higher water quality

Invertebrate Winged Anodonta X Hosted by a fish species. Occur in lakes, slow Loss of host fish, channel modifications, Distribution. Identify specific host fish species. Protect known populations of host fish. Maintain water http://www.xerces.org/wp- floater nuttalliana rivers, and some reservoirs with mud or sand dredging and mining, contamination, Determine whether populations represent quality. content/uploads/2010/12/xerces-status-review- (freshwater substrates. Sedentary filter feeders that sedimentation, nutrient enrichment, distinct species or subspecies. Taxonomic anodonta-californiensis-and-nuttalliana.pdf mussel, consume plankton and other particulate water withdrawal and diversion, poorly relationship with A. californiensis matter that is suspended in the water column, managed livestock grazing in riparian and contribute to nutrient cycling. May prefer areas, and the introduction of non-native higher reaches of streams, often associated fish and invertebrate species with higher water quality

Invertebrate Vernal pool (Branchinec X Ephemeral pools; prefers smaller, cooler Little genetic variability within Genetics. Mechanics of cyst dispersal. Maintain or restore vernal pools to provide habitat. fairy shrimp ta lynchi pools. Females leave eggs that dry out along populations. Remaining pool habitats Maintain or restore water quality in vernal pool habitat. with the pool until re-filling (“cysts”) increasingly isolated. Draining vernal pools. Modified hydrology. Stormwater run-off containing pesticides, chemical residues and other contaminants

Invertebrate Columbia Neothremm X Small streams in Columbia Gorge Narrow distribution (endemic); extremely Species-specific habitat requirements. Maintain stream water quality and sediment regimes. Gorge a andersoni isolated Abundance within correct sampling season. caddisfly Biology, habitat, distribution, demography, vulnerability to envieronmental threats.

Invertebrate Columbia Vespericola X Prefer talus or basalt habitat with minimal Vulnerable to habitat loss and Distribution, specific habitat use Maintain appropriate habitats; minimize impacts from talus Gorge depressus vegetation cover. In dry open basalt talus, roadside spraying mining at known populations Hesperian often associated with seeps and springs; lower elevations. Endemic to Lower Deschutes and/or Columbia Gorge

Invertebrate Dalles Oreohelix X Prefer talus or basalt habitat with minimal Restricted distribution (endemic to Lower Distribution, specific habitat use. Could certain Maintain appropriate habitats; minimize impacts from talus mountainsn variabilis vegetation cover. Deschutes and/or Columbia Gorge); vegetation components provide habitat in mining at known populations ail variabilis habitat loss due to development and road riparian or springside sites? construction; roadside spraying

Invertebrate Borax Lake Planoorbell X Found only in Borax Lake Endemic; vulnerable to random or Undetermined Continue to protect known sites of occurrence. ramshorn a localized disturbance. oregonensi s) Taxa Species Species SMU/ESU/D Federal State BM CP CR EC KM NR WC WV NS Special needs Limiting factors Data gaps Conservation actions Key reference or plan, if available Common Scientific PS/Group Listing listing Name Name Status status Invertebrate Crater Lake Pristiloma X Terrestrial snail. Often found in riparian Restricted distribution. Sedimentation Distribution; species-specific habitat Maintain appropriate water flow and quality. Prevent or tightcoil crateris habitat, wet meadows and moist forests. and nutrient input from dredging, land use requirements mitigate for water diversions, dredging, or other activities Under shrubs and at the bases of plants practices, mining and road construction that could increase sediment or nutrient levels. (may smother substrates or reduce egg survival). Habitat loss. Spring alteration and decreased flow Invertebrate Malheur X Malheur Cave is a thermal lava tube cave that Endemic; vulnerable to random or Undetermined. Continue to maintain suitable habitat, especially water Cave contains the largest array of cave adapted localized disturbance. Potential quality. Manage recreation to minimize impacts to endemic endemics: species in the Pacific Northwest. Contains disturbance from pesticide drift, water species Invertebrate Malheur Stygobrom X geothermal lake which regulates climate diversion, or visitor disturbance. Cave us hubbsi within the cave (making it warmer than amphipod outside surface temperature). Species have Invertebrate Malheur Kenkia X adapted to moist, warm environment and also Cave rhynchida require wood and other materials for flatworm substrate. Small mammals and bats bring this Invertebrate Malheur Amerigonis X material into the cave. isopod cus malheurens is Invertebrate Malheur Apochthoni X pseudoscor us malheuri pian Invertebrate Malheur Oncopodur X Cave a mala springtail Invertebrate Columbia Gomphus X X Endemic to Oregon and Washington. Requires Limited distribution. Wetland drainage Undetermined. Protect known populations. Manage invasive species in http://www.pacificbio.org/initiatives/ESIN/OtherI Clubtail lynnae stream habitat and river/stream diversion for irrigation known areas. nvertebrates/LynnsClubtail/LynnsClubtail_pg.html and development purposes. Storm-water run-off containing pesticides. Carp predation. Mosquitofish compete with dragonfly nymphs for small aquatic prey organisms.

Invertebrate Black Tanypteryx X X X Forested areas with access to moist seeps for Sensitive to localized disturbance. Need Distribution. Ability for this species to use a Protect habitat known to support populations. Maintain Petaltail hageni reproduction, usually above 2000 ft elevation. access to moist seeps for egg - laying and wider range of habitat types than previously water quality Found through the Cascade Mountains. Some for burrowing nymphs to develop observed populations associated with Darlngtonia pitcher plants. One population found in Clatsop County