Vespas Spheciformes (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brasil
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Hymenoptera: Philanthinae) Hunting for Different Prey Types
C. R. Biologies 335 (2012) 279–291 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Comptes Rendus Biologies ww w.sciencedirect.com Animal biology and pathology/Biologie et pathologie animales Antennal sensillar equipment in closely related predatory wasp species (Hymenoptera: Philanthinae) hunting for different prey types E´quipement sensoriel des antennes dans des espe`ces proches de gueˆpes pre´dateurs (Hymenoptera: Philanthinae), qui chassent des proies diffe´rentes a, b a Carlo Polidori *, Alberto Jorge Garcı´a , Jose´ L. Nieves-Aldrey a Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologı´a Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain b Laboratorio de Microscopia, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Despite its potential value in phylogenetic and ecological studies, the morphology of Received 17 November 2011 antennal sensilla has rarely been compared quantitatively within the Apoidea. Here, Accepted after revision 19 March 2012 through a scanning electron microscopy analysis, we provide an inventory of different Available online 24 April 2012 types of antennal sensilla and compare their morphology across 10 species of predatory wasps (Crabronidae: Philanthinae) including species that hunt exclusively either on Keywords: beetles or on bees to feed their larvae. A sensilla-free area was found on the apical Hymenoptera flagellomer of all but two species, and its shape and size appear to be useful for separating Crabronidae Philanthini from Cercerini within the subfamily. A total of eight types of sensilla (sensilla Sensilla size placoidea, sensilla basiconica, two types of pit organs, sensilla coelocapitula and three Comparative morphology types of sensilla trichoidea) were found in all species, and an additional rarer type Prey selection (grooved peg sensilla) was found only in three bee-hunting species and for first time in the genus Cerceris. -
Sphecidae (Sensu Stricto)
Zootaxa 4754 (1): 077–090 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9E1E0828-AD2E-4DB0-98EB-D4432B9C8F32 Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Apoidea (Spheciformes), Sphecidae (sensu stricto) NEVEEN S. GADALLAH Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Sphecidae is provided here. The list includes 70 identified valid species in 10 genera and four subfamilies: Ammophilinae (4 genera, 35 species), Chloriontinae (1 genus, 6 species), Sceliphrinae (2 genera, 8 species) and Sphecinae (3 genera, 21 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species and subspecies; four species (6%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Key words: Ammophilinae, Chloriontinae, Sceliphrinae, Sphecinae, distribution Sphecidae Latreille, 1802 The Sphecidae (s.s.) are a cosmopolitan family of wasps, comprising the digger wasps, mud daubers and other thread-waisted wasps. A total of 787 extant species in 19 genera and five subfamilies (Ammophilinae, Chlorion- tinae, Sceliphrinae, Sphecinae and Stangeellinae) are currently included in the family (Pulawski 2019). The largest genus, Ammophila W. Kirby, comprises 240 species, followed by Sphex Linnaeus (132 species) (Pulawski 2019), together forming about 47% of the total number of species. Species of the family Sphecidae can easily be distin- guished from other spheciform families by their petiolate metasoma and the large anal lobe of the hind wing (Bohart & Menke 1976; Finnamore 1993). -
Nesting Behaviour and Notes on Mimetic Relationships of Hoplisoides Vespoides (SMITH) from Brazil
Beitr. Ent. Keltern ISSN 0005 - 805X Beitr. Ent. 58 (2008) 1 107 58 (2008) 1 S. 107 - 112 15.07.2008 Nesting behaviour and notes on mimetic relationships of Hoplisoides vespoides (SMITH) from Brazil (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) With 2 figures and 2 tables SANDOR CHRISTIANO BUYS Summary The nesting behaviour of Hoplisoides vespoides (SMITH, 1873) is described based on observations carried out in southeastern Brazil. Notes on mimetic relationships of this species with vespid wasps and with a stratomyid fly are also provided. Umbonia spinosa (FABRICIUS, 1775) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) is reported as prey. Zusammenfassung Das Nistverhalten von Hoplisoides vespoides (SMITH, 1873) wird auf Grund von Beobachtungen in Südost- Brasilien beschrieben. Bemerkungen über die Mimikry-Beziehungen dieser Art zu Faltenwespen und einer Waffenfliege werden präsentiert. Die vorliegenden Beobachtungen haben gezeigt, dass Umbonia spinosa (FABRICIUS, 1775) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) eine Beute von H. vespoides ist. Keywords Wasp, biology, reproduction, mimicry, Umbonia spinosa, Hoplitimyia mutabilis. Introduction Hoplisoides Gribodo is a genus of ground-nesting solitary wasps distributed in all the continents except Australia (BOHART 1997, 2000). This genus contains about 80 species, but the biology of only a few of them was studied (see REINHARD 1925a, b, EVANS 1954, 1966, POWELL & CHEMSAK 1959, EVANS & O’NEILL 2007). Hoplisoides vespoides (SMITH, 1873) is distributed from Argentina to Mexico (BOHART 2000, AMARANTE 2002); the biology of this species is known only from the short notes by PATE (1941) and CALLAN (1977). In the present paper the nesting behaviour of Hoplisoides vespoides is described, based on observations carried out in southeastern Brazil. Notes on mimetic relationships of this species with vespid wasps and with a stratiomiyd fly are also provided. -
Une Espèce Nouvelle D'alinia Antropov, 1993, Genre D
Notes fauniques de Gembloux 2005 55 , Communications brèves 53 Bibliographie Decelle J.-E. (1989). Les Bruchidae (Coleoptera) de Mathieu C. (1858). Catalogue des Coléoptères de la famille Belgique. Comptes rendus du Symposium « Invertébrés des Curculionidées de Belgique. Annales de la Société de Belgique », Bruxelles, 25-26 novembre 1988, édités entomologique de Belgique 2, p. 163-246. par l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, p. Schott C. (2004). Catalogue et atlas des Coléoptères 345-350. d’Alsace. Tome 14 : Bruchidae, Urodonidae, - (1995). Bruchidae, in : Enumeratio Coleopterorum Anthribidae. Société alsacienne d’Entomologie, Musée Belgicae 1, Coulon G. éd., Société royale belge zoologique de l’Université et de la Ville de Strasbourg, d’Entomologie, p. 62. 70 pp. Derenne E. (1953). Coléoptères intéressants pour la faune Wenzel, E. & Hannig, K. (2001). Bemerkenswerte belge. Bulletin et Annales de la Société entomologique de Käfernachweise auf dem Heimberg bei Belgique 89, p. 239-240. Schloßböckelheim an der Mittleren Nahe (Ins. Coleoptera). Coleo 3, p. 69-114. Kippenberg H. (2003). Rote Liste gefährdeter Blatt- und Samekäfer (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae et Bruchidae) Bayerns. (7 réf.) http://www.bayern.de/lfu/natur/arten_und_biotopschutz/r oteliste/rote_liste_tiere_pdf. Une espèce nouvelle d’ Alinia Antropov, 1993, genre d’Hyménoptères Crabroniens de l’Amérique Latine (Hymenoptera : Crabronidae, Crabroninae) Jean Leclercq (1) (1) Professeur émérite à la Faculté universitaire des Sciences agronomiques, Unité d’Entomologie fonctionnelle et évolutive (Prof. E. Haubruge). B-5030 Gembloux (Belgique). Correspondance personnelle: 190, rue de Bois-de-Breux, B-4020 Liège-Jupille. Après mon article de 1993, le genre Alinia Antropov, Alinia mogina Leclercq, sp. n. 1993, a été appelé en bonne place dans la clé de Menke Holotype V: BRESIL: São Paulo: Mogi Guacu, & Fernández (1996), avec reproduction des figures 01.viii.1970, J.A. -
Changes in the Insect Fauna of a Deteriorating Riverine Sand Dune
., CHANGES IN THE INSECT FAUNA OF A DETERIORATING RIVERINE SAND DUNE COMMUNITY DURING 50 YEARS OF HUMAN EXPLOITATION J. A. Powell Department of Entomological Sciences University of California, Berkeley May , 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORY OF EXPLOITATION 4 HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 7 INSECT FAUNA 10 Methods 10 ErRs s~lected for compar"ltive "lnBlysis 13 Bio1o~ica1 isl!lnd si~e 14 Inventory of sp~cies 14 Endemism 18 Extinctions 19 Species restricted to one of the two refu~e parcels 25 Possible recently colonized species 27 INSECT ASSOCIATES OF ERYSIMUM AND OENOTHERA 29 Poll i n!ltor<'l 29 Predqt,.n·s 32 SUMMARY 35 RECOm1ENDATIONS FOR RECOVERY ~4NAGEMENT 37 ACKNOWT.. EDGMENTS 42 LITERATURE CITED 44 APPENDICES 1. T'lbles 1-8 49 2. St::ttns of 15 Antioch Insects Listed in Notice of 75 Review by the U.S. Fish "l.nd Wildlife Service INTRODUCTION The sand dune formation east of Antioch, Contra Costa County, California, comprised the largest riverine dune system in California. Biogeographically, this formation was unique because it supported a northern extension of plants and animals of desert, rather than coastal, affinities. Geologists believe that the dunes were relicts of the most recent glaciation of the Sierra Nevada, probably originating 10,000 to 25,000 years ago, with the sand derived from the supratidal floodplain of the combined Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The ice age climate in the area is thought to have been cold but arid. Presumably summertime winds sweeping through the Carquinez Strait across the glacial-age floodplains would have picked up the fine-grained sand and redeposited it to the east and southeast, thus creating the dune fields of eastern Contra Costa County. -
Behavioural and Biological Notes on Crabronidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and New Geographic Records to the Espírito Santo State (Southeast Brazil)
BOL. MUS. BIOL. MELLO LEITÃO (N. SÉR.) 33:19-24. JANEIRO DE 2014 19 Behavioural and biological notes on Crabronidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and new geographic records to the Espírito Santo State (Southeast Brazil) Sandor Christiano Buys1* ABSTRACT: The following species of crabronid wasps are added to the list of Hymenoptera of Espírito Santo State: Stictia maccus (Handlirsch, 1895), Hoplisoides vespoides (F. Smith, 1873), Trachypus fulvipennis (Tachenberg, 1875), Trachypus romandi (Saussure, 1854). Notes on nesting behaviour of H. vespoides, S. maccus and T. fulvipennis in the Biological Station of Santa Lúcia (city of Santa Teresa) are presented. Hoplisoides vespoides used as prey Umbonia spinosa (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) and T. fuvipennis used as prey three species of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae): Plebeia remota (Holmberg, 1903), Partamona aff. cupira (Smith, 1863), Schwarziana quadripunctata (Lepeletier, 1836). Key-words: Trachypus, Stictia, Hoplisoides, Meliponinae bee, solitary wasps, Atlantic Forest. RESUMO: Notas biológicas e comportamentais sobre Crabronidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) e novos registros geográficos para o Estado do Espírito Santo (Sudeste do Brasil). As seguintes espécies de vespas crabronídeas são adicionadas à lista de Hymenoptera do Estado do Espírito Santo: Stictia maccus (Handlirsch, 1895), Hoplisoides vespoides (F. Smith, 1873), Trachypus fulvipennis (Tachenberg, 1875), Trachypus romandi (Saussure, 1854). Notas sobre comportamento de nidificação de Hoplisoides vespoides, S. maccus e T. fulvipennis na Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia (Santa Teresa) são apresentadas. Hoplisoides vespoides usou como presa Umbonia spinosa (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) e T. fuvipennis usou como presa três espécies de abelhas meliponíneas (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae): Plebeia remota (Holmberg, 1903), Partamona aff. cupira (Smith, 1863), Schwarziana quadripunctata (Lepeletier, 1836). -
Checklist of the Spheciform Wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia
Checklist of the Spheciform Wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia Chris Ratzlaff Spencer Entomological Collection, Beaty Biodiversity Museum, UBC, Vancouver, BC This checklist is a modified version of: Ratzlaff, C.R. 2015. Checklist of the spheciform wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 112:19-46 (available at http://journal.entsocbc.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/894/951). Photographs for almost all species are online in the Spencer Entomological Collection gallery (http://www.biodiversity.ubc.ca/entomology/). There are nine subfamilies of spheciform wasps in recorded from British Columbia, represented by 64 genera and 280 species. The majority of these are Crabronidae, with 241 species in 55 genera and five subfamilies. Sphecidae is represented by four subfamilies, with 39 species in nine genera. The following descriptions are general summaries for each of the subfamilies and include nesting habits and provisioning information. The Subfamilies of Crabronidae Astatinae !Three genera and 16 species of astatine wasps are found in British Columbia. All species of Astata, Diploplectron, and Dryudella are groundnesting and provision their nests with heteropterans (Bohart and Menke 1976). Males of Astata and Dryudella possess holoptic eyes and are often seen perching on sticks or rocks. Bembicinae Nineteen genera and 47 species of bembicine wasps are found in British Columbia. All species are groundnesting and most prefer habitats with sand or sandy soil, hence the common name of “sand wasps”. Four genera, Bembix, Microbembex, Steniolia and Stictiella, have been recorded nesting in aggregations (Bohart and Horning, Jr. 1971; Bohart and Gillaspy 1985). -
Arquivos De Zoologia MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
Arquivos de Zoologia MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO ISSN 0066-7870 ARQ. ZOOL. S. PAULO 37(1):1-139 12.11.2002 A SYNONYMIC CATALOG OF THE NEOTROPICAL CRABRONIDAE AND SPHECIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA) SÉRVIO TÚLIO P. A MARANTE Abstract A synonymyc catalogue for the species of Neotropical Crabronidae and Sphecidae is presented, including all synonyms, geographical distribution and pertinent references. The catalogue includes 152 genera and 1834 species (1640 spp. in Crabronidae, 194 spp. in Sphecidae), plus 190 species recorded from Nearctic Mexico (168 spp. in Crabronidae, 22 spp. in Sphecidae). The former Sphecidae (sensu Menke, 1997 and auct.) is divided in two families: Crabronidae (Astatinae, Bembicinae, Crabroninae, Pemphredoninae and Philanthinae) and Sphecidae (Ampulicinae and Sphecinae). The following subspecies are elevated to species: Podium aureosericeum Kohl, 1902; Podium bugabense Cameron, 1888. New names are proposed for the following junior homonyms: Cerceris modica new name for Cerceris modesta Smith, 1873, non Smith, 1856; Liris formosus new name for Liris bellus Rohwer, 1911, non Lepeletier, 1845; Liris inca new name for Liris peruanus Brèthes, 1926 non Brèthes, 1924; and Trypoxylon guassu new name for Trypoxylon majus Richards, 1934 non Trypoxylon figulus var. majus Kohl, 1883. KEYWORDS: Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Crabronidae, Catalog, Taxonomy, Systematics, Nomenclature, New Name, Distribution. INTRODUCTION years ago and it is badly outdated now. Bohart and Menke (1976) cleared and updated most of the This catalog arose from the necessity to taxonomy of the spheciform wasps, complemented assess the present taxonomical knowledge of the by a series of errata sheets started by Menke and Neotropical spheciform wasps1, the Crabronidae Bohart (1979) and continued by Menke in the and Sphecidae. -
The Evolution of Parental Care Strategies in Subsocial Wasps
ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE The evolution of parental care strategies in subsocial wasps AUTHORS Field, J; Gonzalez-Voyer, A; Boulton, RA JOURNAL Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology DEPOSITED IN ORE 10 June 2020 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/121347 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (2020) 74:78 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-020-02853-w ORIGINAL ARTICLE The evolution of parental care strategies in subsocial wasps Jeremy Field1 & Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer2 & Rebecca A. Boulton1 Received: 8 May 2020 /Revised: 8 May 2020 /Accepted: 21 May 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Insect parental care strategies are particularly diverse, and prolonged association between parents and offspring may be a key precursor to the evolution of complex social traits. Macroevolutionary patterns remain obscure, however, due to the few rigorous phylogenetic analyses. The subsocial sphecid wasps are a useful group in which to study parental care because of the diverse range of strategies they exhibit. These strategies range from placing a single prey item in a pre-existing cavity to mass provi- sioning a pre-built nest, through to complex progressive provisioning where a female feeds larvae in different nests simulta- neously as they grow. We show that this diversity stems from multiple independent transitions between states. The strategies we focus on were previously thought of in terms of a stepping-stone model in which complexity increases during evolution, ending with progressive provisioning which is a likely precursor to eusociality. -
Journal of Threatened Taxa
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Journal of Threatened Taxa 15 February 2019 (Online & Print) Vol. 11 | No. 2 | 13195–13250 PLATINUM 10.11609/jott.2019.11.2.13195-13250 OPEN www.threatenedtaxa.org ACCESS Building evidence for conservation globally MONOGRAPH J TT ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Publisher Host Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society Zoo Outreach Organization www.wild.zooreach.org www.zooreach.org No. 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti - Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Ph: +91 9385339863 | www.threatenedtaxa.org Email: [email protected] EDITORS Typesetting Founder & Chief Editor Mr. Arul Jagadish, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Dr. Sanjay Molur Mrs. Radhika, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society & Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), Mrs. Geetha, ZOO, Coimbatore India 12 Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Mr. Ravindran, ZOO, Coimbatore India Deputy Chief Editor Fundraising/Communications Dr. Neelesh Dahanukar Mrs. Payal B. Molur, Coimbatore, India Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India Editors/Reviewers Managing Editor Subject Editors 2016-2018 Mr. B. Ravichandran, WILD, Coimbatore, India Fungi Associate Editors Dr. B.A. Daniel, ZOO, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Dr. B. Shivaraju, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Ms. Priyanka Iyer, ZOO, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Prof. Richard Kiprono Mibey, Vice Chancellor, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya Dr. Mandar Paingankar, Department of Zoology, Government Science College Gadchiroli, Dr. R.K. Verma, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, India Chamorshi Road, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra 442605, India Dr. V.B. Hosagoudar, Bilagi, Bagalkot, India Dr. Ulrike Streicher, Wildlife Veterinarian, Eugene, Oregon, USA Dr. -
US Air Force Pollinator Conservation
U.S. Air Force Pollinator Conservation Reference Guide - Appendix A: Species maps and profiles Photo: Jim Hudgins/USFWS CC BY 2.0 2017 U.S. Air Force Pollinator Conservation Reference Guide Appendix A: Species maps and profiles Prepared for U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center Prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recommended citation: USFWS. 2017. U.S. Air Force Pollinator Conservation Reference Guide, Appendix A: Species information maps and profiles, Air Force Civil Engineer Center, San Antonio, TX, 88 pp. Page i ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY AFB = Air Force Base AFR = Air Force Range AGFD = Arizona Game and Fish Department ATV = all-terrain vehicle Bivoltine = two generations per year BLM = Bureau of Land Management BoR = Bureau of Reclamation CABI = Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International Caterpillar = larva of a butterfly, skipper or moth Chrysalis = pupa of a butterfly, skipper or moth Diapause = a dormant phase DoD = Department of Defense Eclose = emerge from a pupa ECOS = Environmental Conservation Online System ESBB = El Segundo blue butterfly FR = Federal Register FS (in text) or USFS(on maps)= Forest Service Gynes = reproductive females Half-life = estimated number of years until an additional 50% of the population is lost Host plant = food plant for larval butterflies, skippers and moths Instar = time between larval molts (larval stage) LLNB = lesser long-nosed bat NPS = National Park Service Oviposit = lay an egg or multiple eggs PIF = Partners in Flight PIF Yellow Watch List = Bird species that have restricted ranges and small populations. These species require constant care and long-term assessment to prevent population declines. Senesce = age and wither Univoltine = one generation per year USDA = U.S. -
Diversity and Distribution of Hymenoptera Aculeata in Midwestern Brazilian Dry Forests
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264895151 Diversity and Distribution of Hymenoptera Aculeata in Midwestern Brazilian Dry Forests Chapter · September 2014 CITATIONS READS 2 457 6 authors, including: Rogerio Silvestre Manoel F Demétrio UFGD - Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados UFGD - Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados 41 PUBLICATIONS 539 CITATIONS 8 PUBLICATIONS 27 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Bhrenno Trad Felipe Varussa de Oliveira Lima UFGD - Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados 4 PUBLICATIONS 8 CITATIONS 8 PUBLICATIONS 8 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Phylogeny and Biogeography of genus Eremnophila Menke, 1964 (HYMENOPTERA: Sphecidae) View project Functional diversity, phylogeny, ethology and biogeography of Hymenoptera in the chacoan subregion View project All content following this page was uploaded by Rogerio Silvestre on 28 November 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 28 R. Silvestre, M. Fernando Demétrio, B. Maykon Trad et al. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH - PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS DRY FORESTS ECOLOGY, SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT FRANCIS ELIOTT GREER EDITOR Copyright © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Diversity and Distribution of Hymenoptera Aculeata ... 29 In: Dry Forests ISBN: 978-1-63321-291-6 Editor: Francis Eliott Greer © 2014 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 2 DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION