FRONTERA PROGRAM FINAL REPORT (July 2001 – September 2004) March, 2005 INDEX OF ACRONYMS AIDESEP Inter-ethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Jungle AISPA Association of Indigenous Students of the Peruvian Amazon ALSECE Agricultural and Livestock Services Center AOP Annual Operating Plan APAFA Parents’ Association APC – Japan Assistance to Community Projects – Embassy of Japan ARI Acute Respiratory Infection ATPA Andean Trade Preference Act CAAAP Amazon Center of Anthropology and its Practical Application AHC Aguaruna Huambiza Council CEPRODA Center for Andean Promotion and Development CEC Community Education Councils CESIP Center for Social Studies and Publications CHA Community Health Agents CODECO Community Development Committee CONAM National Environmental Council CONAP Confederation of Amazonian Nationalities of Peru CONCYTEC National Council for Science, Technology and Technological Innovation COSUDE Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation DCP Diversified Curriculum Proposal DECO Development Committee DEP Distance Education Program DERIW Study for the Defense and the Rights of Women DINEBI National Directorate for Intercultural Bilingual Education DFID UK Department for International Development DISA Health Directorate DNI National Identity Document DPT Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus DREP Regional Education Directorate of Piura EDA Educational Development Area EMU Educational Management Unit ENRECI National School for the Registry of Civil Status and Identification EIP Extended Immunization Program FAD Aguaruna Federation of the Domingusa FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FECONAMNCUA Federation of Native Communities of the Middle Napo Curaray and Arabela Valleys FECONARIN Federation of Aguaruna Native Communities from the Nieva River FECUNAE Federation of Communes “Unity of Natives from the Ecuadorian Amazon” FEMAAM Federation of Aguaruna Women from the Upper Marañón Valley FORMABIAP Formation of Bilingual Teachers of the Peruvian Amazon GNP Gross National Product GRODE Growth and Development HOR High Obstetric Risk HR Human Rights HS Human Settlements IBC Institute for the Common Good IBE Intercultural Bilingual Education IIAP Peruvian Amazon Research Institute INRENA National Institute for Natural Resources IO Indigenous Organizations IPEDEHP Peruvian Institute of Education in Human Rights and Peace IQ Interquorum JAPS Water and Sanitation Board JAAS Water and sanitation boards LAISOR Latin American Institute for Social Research LCC Local Coordination Councils LEMU Local Educational Management Unit LODEC Local Development Committee LOR Low Obstetric Risk LUGAPE Lucille Gagne Pellerin MIMDES Ministry for Women and Social Development MOE Ministry of Education MOH Ministry of Health MTC Ministry of Transportation and Communications N/A Not Available OCCAAM Central Organization of Aguaruna Communities of the Upper Marañón Valley ODECINAC Organization of Indigenous Communities of the Upper Comaina Valley ODECOFROC Organization of Border Communities of the Cenepa Valley ORKIWAN Kichwaruna Wangurina Organization OTI Office of Transitional Initiatives -- USAID PAHO Pan-American Health Organization PAR SALUD Support Program for the Reform of the Health Sector PEBIAN Upper Napo Inter-Cultural Bilingual Education Program PETT Special Land Titling Project PFS Frontera Selva Program PIR Project Implementation Report PTA Parents Association REN Rural Educational Networks RENIEC National Registry of Identification and Civil Status SAIPE Agricultural and Livestock Service for Economic Research and Promotion SENASA National Health and Sanitation Service SIVIC Community-Based Surveillance System SME Small and Medium Enterprise SOPUN South Pacific University Network SUCEY Support Center for Ecuadorian Youth TAM Andean Immigration Card UDEP University of Piura UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FRONTERA PROGRAM 3 PART I: FRONTERA SELVA PROGRAM 7 Introduction 7 1. Summary 8 2. Objective 10 3. Methodology 10 4. Background 11 5. Internal evaluation of indicators for intermediate results and outcomes 14 5.1. Intermediate Result 1: Increased capacity of border communities to manage 14 development processes 5.1.1. Component: Local capacity building 14 5.1.1.1. Description of activities 14 5.1.1.2. Evaluation of indicators for Intermediate Result 1 18 5.1.1.3. Evaluation of outcome indicators 19 Outcome 1.1: Development plans formulated and validated in a 19 participatory manner by communities and federations Outcome 1.2: Municipal governments include the priorities of the 20 participatory local development plans in the allocation of their budgets Outcome 1.3: Women participate in planning and decision- 20 making in the community and native organizations 5.1.1.4. Main goals achieved 21 5.1.1.5. Scholarship Program 22 5.2. Intermediate Result 2: Improved basic capacities for a healthy and productive life 24 5.2.1. Component: Sustainable agroforestry production 24 Page 5.2.1.1. Description of activities 24 5.2.1.2. Evaluation of indicators for Intermediate Result 2 26 5.2.1.3. Evaluation of outcome indicators 27 Outcome 2.1: Families improve the productive process in their 27 agricultural and livestock activities Outcome 2.2: Families develop economic activities that are 27 articulated with the market 5.2.1.4. Main goals achieved 28 5.2.2. Component: Girls’ and boys’ education 32 5.2.2.1. Description of activities 32 5.2.2.2. Evaluation of indicators for Intermediate Result 2 35 5.2.2.3. Evaluation of outcome indicators 36 Outcome 2.3: Community organizations actively support girls’ 36 and boys’ education Outcome 2.4: Local schools adapted to community realities 36 5.2.2.4. Main goals achieved 37 5.2.3. Component: Family and community health 42 5.2.3.1. Description of activities 42 5.2.3.2. Evaluation of indicators for Intermediate Result 2 44 5.2.3.3. Evaluation of outcome indicators 44 Outcome 2.5: Increased access by families to quality health 44 services Outcome 2.6: Families adopt better health practices 45 5.2.3.4. Main goals achieved 46 5.2.4. Component: Basic social infrastructure 49 5.2.4.1. Description of activities 49 5.2.4.2. Evaluation of indicators for Intermediate Result 2 51 5.2.4.3. Evaluation of outcome indicators 51 Outcome 2.7: Communities actively participate in the 51 improvement of basic services infrastructure Page 5.2.4.4. Main goals achieved 52 5.3. Intermediate Result 3: Increased respect and protection for the rights of the border 54 population, particularly women and indigenous people 5.3.1. Component: Human Rights 54 5.3.1.1. Description of activities 54 5.3.1.2. Evaluation of indicators for Intermediate Result 3 56 5.3.1.3. Evaluation of outcome indicators 57 Outcome 3.1: Community leaders trained in human rights, 57 democracy and citizen participation Outcome 3.2: Trained leaders replicate and implement activities 57 related to human rights and democracy 5.3.1.4. Main goals achieved 58 5.4. Intermediate Result 4: Increased support to the Peace Accord 61 5.4.1. Component: Peace Accord 61 5.4.1.1. Description of activities 61 5.4.1.2. Evaluation of indicators for Intermediate Result 4 62 5.4.1.3. Evaluation of outcome indicators 63 Outcome 4.1: Active promotion of respect for peace and 63 rejection of violence Outcome 4.3: Professional, commercial and cultural exchange is 64 promoted 5.4.1.4. Main goals achieved 64 6. Problems encountered 65 7. Lessons learned 69 8. Conclusions 71 9. Recommendations 74 PART II: FRONTERA SIERRA PROGRAM Introduction 77 1. Summary 77 2. Objectives 78 3. Methodology 78 4. Background 78 5. Quantitative Results 80 6. Internal Evaluation of Indicators for Intermediate Results and Outcomes. 85 6.1. Intermediate Result 1: Increased capacity of border communities to manage 85 development processes. 6.1.1. Component: Local capacity building. 85 6.1.1.1. Description of activities. 85 6.1.1.2. Evaluation of Indicators for Intermediate Result 1. 87 6.1.1.3. Evaluation of Outcome Indicators. 87 6.1.1.4. Main goals achieved. 88 6.2. Intermediate Result 2: Improvement in basic capacities for a healthy and productive 89 life. 6.2.1. Component: Basic education. 89 6.2.1.1. Description of activities. 89 6.2.1.2. Evaluation of Indicators for Intermediate Result 2. 90 6.2.1.3. Evaluation of Outcome indicators. 91 6.2.1.4. Main goals achieved. 91 6.2.2. Component: Community health 92 6.2.2.1. Description of activities. 92 6.2.2.2. Evaluation of Indicators for Intermediate Result 2. 95 6.2.2.3. Evaluation of Outcome indicators. 96 6.2.2.4. Main goals achieved. 96 6.2.3. Component: Basic social infrastructure. 97 6.2.3.1. Description of activities. 97 6.2.3.2. Main goals achieved. 97 6.2.4. Component: Economic development. 98 6.2.4.1. Description of activities. 98 6.2.4.2. Main goals achieved. 100 6.3. Intermediate Result 3: Increased observance and protection for the rights of the 101 border population, particularly women and indigenous people. 6.3.1. Component: Human rights. 101 6.3.1.1. Description of activities. 101 6.3.1.2. Evaluation of Indicators for Intermediate Result 3. 103 6.3.1.3. Main goals achieved. 103 7. Conclusions 105 8. Accomplishments and lessons learned 105 ANNEXES 107 1 Introduction The peace process between Peru and Ecuador started on February 17, 1995, with the signing of the Itamaraty Peace Declaration by both presidents. This declaration led to the signing of the Brasilia Presidential Act by the presidents