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Palm Oil – Towards a Sustainable Future? Challenges and Opportunities for the Swedish Food Industry

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Palm Oil – Towards a Sustainable Future? Challenges and Opportunities for the Swedish Food Industry s Water and Environmental Studies Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Palm oil – towards a sustainable future? Challenges and opportunities for the Swedish food industry Sara Nilsson Master’s programme Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS credits ISRN: LIU-TEMAV/MPSSD-A--13/011--SE 1. Linköpings Universitet s Water and Environmental Studies Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Palm oil – towards a sustainable future? Challenges and opportunities for the Swedish food industry Sara Nilsson Master’s programme Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS credits Supervisor: Madelene Ostwald 2013 Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under 25 år från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extraordinära omständigheter uppstår. 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Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet – or its possible replacement – for a period of 25 years starting from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances. The online availability of the document implies permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, or to print out single copies for his/her own use and to use it unchanged for non- commercial research and educational purpose. Subsequent transfers of copyright cannot revoke this permission. All other uses of the document are conditional upon the consent of the copyright owner. The publisher has taken technical and administrative measures to assure authenticity, security and accessibility. According to intellectual property law the author has the right to be mentioned when his/her work is accessed as described above and to be protected against infringement. For additional information about Linköping University Electronic Press and its procedures for publication and for assurance of document integrity, please refer to its www home page: http://www.ep.liu.se/. © Sara Nilsson Table of contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 1 List of abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Problem formulation ................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Aim and research questions ........................................................................................ 4 1.3 Thesis disposition ....................................................................................................... 4 2. Method and materials ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Scientific approach ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Case study ......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Data gathering ............................................................................................................. 5 2.2.1 Literature review ............................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Document analysis ............................................................................................ 5 2.2.3 Interviews .......................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Interview implementation ........................................................................................... 6 2.3.1 Informants ......................................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Interview questions ........................................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Thematic analysis ............................................................................................. 7 2.4 Limitations .................................................................................................................. 8 3. Background ....................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Oil palm ...................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 From plantation to final use ........................................................................................ 9 4. Theoretical framework .................................................................................................. 11 4.1 Sustainability as a concept ........................................................................................ 11 4.2 The three pillars of sustainability .............................................................................. 12 4.3 The three pillars and their relation to palm oil .......................................................... 13 4.3.1 Environmental ................................................................................................. 13 4.3.2 Social .............................................................................................................. 14 4.3.3 Economical ..................................................................................................... 15 4.3.4 Health .............................................................................................................. 17 5. The Case .......................................................................................................................... 18 5.1 Axfood ...................................................................................................................... 18 5.2 The concept of Roundtable ....................................................................................... 19 5.2.1 The development of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil ............................. 19 5.2.2 RSPO challenges and systems ........................................................................ 20 5.2.3 Critic towards RSPO ....................................................................................... 22 5.2.4 RSPO and the renewable energy directive ..................................................... 23 6. Results ............................................................................................................................. 25 6.1 Axfood and palm oil ................................................................................................. 25 6.2 Sustainability ............................................................................................................ 26 6.2.1 Environmental ................................................................................................. 27 6.2.2 Social .............................................................................................................. 28 6.2.3 Economical ..................................................................................................... 28 6.2.4 Health .............................................................................................................. 29 6.3 RSPO ........................................................................................................................ 30 6.3.1 The certification systems ................................................................................ 31 6.3.2 Palm oil and the future .................................................................................... 32 7. Discussion and conclusions ............................................................................................ 34 7.1 Sustainability ............................................................................................................ 34 7.1.1 Environmental ................................................................................................. 35 7.1.2 Social .............................................................................................................. 36 7.1.3 Economical ..................................................................................................... 36 7.1.4 Health .............................................................................................................. 37 7.2 RSPO ........................................................................................................................ 37 7.3 Conclusions ..............................................................................................................
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