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Biofuels Production from Hydrotreating of Vegetable Oil Using Supported Noble Metals, and Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Huali Wang Wayne State University

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Biofuels Production from Hydrotreating of Vegetable Oil Using Supported Noble Metals, and Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Huali Wang Wayne State University Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2012 Biofuels production from hydrotreating of vegetable oil using supported noble metals, and transition metal carbide and nitride Huali Wang Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Chemical Engineering Commons, and the Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Huali, "Biofuels production from hydrotreating of vegetable oil using supported noble metals, and transition metal carbide and nitride" (2012). Wayne State University Dissertations. Paper 485. This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. BIOFUELS PRODUCTION FROM HYDROTREATING OF VEGETABLE OIL USING SUPPORTED NOBLE METALS, AND TRANSITION METAL CARBIDE AND NITRIDE by HUALI WANG DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2012 MAJOR: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Approved by: ________________________________ Advisor Date ________________________________ Co-Advisor Date ________________________________ ________________________________ DEDICATION This work is dedicated first and foremost to my advisors. Your constant encouragement and guidance made this journey possible. Also, to my family, friends, instructors, and colleagues who supported, encouraged, and mentored me throughout this process … thank you all from the bottom of my heart. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like offer sincere gratitude to my supervisors Dr. K. Y. Simon Ng and Dr. Steven O. Salley for their invaluable guidance and time spent in helping me complete the magnitude of work that is contained within this dissertation. I am grateful of their input and knowledge that was of great importance to the direction of this work. I am thankful for their patience and support throughout this entire process. I also would like to express my deep gratitude to the members of my advisory committee, Dr. Charles Manke and Dr. Ratna Naik, for their contributions and guidance. The postdoc research associates in our lab, Dr. Shuli Yan, Dr Manhoe Kim, Dr Haiying Tang, and Dr Kapila Wadumesthrige, whose friendship, unflagging support, advice, mentoring, and encouragement made all the difference in the world. Finally I would like to thank all my family, friends and colleagues for their prayers, support, and love. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ........................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. iii List of Tables .................................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Significance of this study ...................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Objectives of the study ......................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 6 2.1 biofuel production ................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Renewable sources for biofuels ............................................................................................ 9 2.3 Hydrotreating catalysts ....................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Hydrotreating mechanism and kinetics .............................................................................. 18 CHAPTER 3. PRODUCT ANALYSIS METHOD DEVELOPMENT ......................................... 25 3.1 Analysis of Sterol Glycosides in Biodiesel and Biodiesel Precipitates ................................... 25 3.1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 25 3.1.2 Materials ............................................................................................................................ 28 3.1.3HPLC conditions ................................................................................................................ 29 3.1.4 Results and discussion ...................................................................................................... 30 iv 3.1.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 36 3.2. Total Acid Number Determination of Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends ..................................... 37 3.2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 37 3.2.2 Materials ............................................................................................................................ 39 3.2.3 Method .............................................................................................................................. 40 3.2.4 Results and Discussion ...................................................................................................... 40 CHAPTER 4. JET FUEL HYDROCARBONS PRODUCTION FROM CATALYTIC CRACKING AND HYDROCRACKING OF SOYBEAN OIL ...................................................... 46 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 46 4.2 Experimental Section ............................................................................................................... 49 4.2.1 Catalyst Preparation .......................................................................................................... 49 4.2.2 Catalyst Characterization .................................................................................................. 49 4.2.3 Experimental Procedure .................................................................................................... 50 4.2.4 Analysis of Products ......................................................................................................... 51 4.2.5 Results and discussion ...................................................................................................... 53 4.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 5. HYDROCARBON FUELS PRODUCTION FROM HYDROCRACKING OF SOYBEAN OIL USING TRANSITION METAL CARBIDES AND NITRIDES SUPPORTED ON ZSM-5 ......................................................................................... 63 v 5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 63 5.2 Experimental ............................................................................................................................ 66 5.2.1 Catalyst Preparation .......................................................................................................... 66 5.2.2 Catalyst Characterization .................................................................................................. 67 5.2.3 Experimental Procedure .................................................................................................... 67 5.3 Results and discussion ............................................................................................................. 69 5.3.1 Catalysts Characterization ................................................................................................. 69 5.3.2 Hydrocracking of soybean oil ........................................................................................... 71 5.4. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................ 83 CHAPTER 6. HYDROTREATING OF SOYBEAN OIL OVER NIMO CARBIDE ON FIVE DIFFERENT SUPPORTS ......................................................................................... 84 6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 84 6.2 Experimental ....................................................................................................................... 86 6.2.1 Preparation of Al-SBA-15 ................................................................................................ 86 6.2.2 Catalyst Preparation .......................................................................................................... 86 6.2.3 Catalyst Characterization .................................................................................................. 87 6.2.4 Activity tests ....................................................................................................................
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