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Congestion Mitigation and Smart Transportation Are Noted Here in Appendix A Final Report May 2009 prepared by Gannett Fleming, Inc. PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE CongestionCongestion MitigationMitigation andand SmartSmart TransportationTransportation intentionally blank to facilitate double-sided printing The Pennsylvania State Transportation Advisory Committee The Pennsylvania State Transportation Advisory Committee (TAC) was established in 1970 by Act 120 of the State Legislature, which also created the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). The Advisory Committee has two primary duties. First, the Committee "consults with and advises the State Transportation Commission and the Secretary of Transportation on behalf of all transportation modes in the Commonwealth." In fulfilling this task, the Committee assists the Commission and the Secretary "in the determination of goals and the allocation of available resources among and between the alternate modes in the planning, development and maintenance of programs, and technologies for transportation systems." The second duty of the Advisory Committee is "to advise the several modes (about) the planning, programs, and goals of the Department and the State Transportation Commission." The Committee undertakes in-depth studies on important issues and serves as a valuable liaison between PennDOT and the general public. The Advisory Committee consists of the following members: the Secretary of Transportation; the heads (or their designees) of the Department of Agriculture, Department of Education, Department of Community and Economic Development, Public Utility Commission, Department of Environmental Protection, and the Governor's Policy Office; two members of the State House of Representatives; two members of the State Senate; and eighteen public members, six appointed by the Governor, six by the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, and six by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Public members with experience and knowledge in the transportation of people and goods are appointed to represent a balanced range of backgrounds (industry, labor, academic, consulting, and research) and the various transportation modes. Appointments are made for a three-year period and members may be reappointed. The Chair of the Committee is annually designated by the Governor from among the public members. Final Report i May 2009 TAC Members Chair Hon. Anthony J. Melio, Mr. Louis C. Schultz, Jr., P.E., Pennsylvania State House of Transportation Consultant, Representatives, Bucks County Cumberland County Ms. Fran O’Brien, Delaware Members River Port Authority, Hon. Allen D. Biehler, P.E., Philadelphia County Secretary, Pennsylvania Hon. Dave Reed, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation State House of Representatives, Honorable John P. Blake, Acting Indiana County Secretary, Pennsylvania Mr. Sean M. Reilly, Esq., Department of Community and Attorney, Montgomery County Economic Development Mr. Leonard M. Ross, Roy E. Brant, Ph.D., Montgomery County Edinboro University (ret.), Mr. William J. Rossman, Blair Crawford County County Hon. James H. Cawley, Mr. Jack Rutter, IA Construction Chairman, Pennsylvania Public Corporation, York County Utility Commission Mr. Gustave Scheerbaum, III, Mr. Brad Cober, Somerset P.E., Ammann and Whitney, County Court Administrator Philadelphia County Ms. Donna Cooper, Director, Mr. Michael Untermeyer, Governor's Policy Office William-Michael Associates, Mr. Thomas Geanopulos, Philadelphia County Marketing Consultant (ret.), Mr. Ronald G. Wagenmann, Allegheny County Manager, Upper Merion Hon. John Hanger, Acting Township, Montgomery County Secretary, Pennsylvania Mr. Charles F. Welker, C.E., Department of Environmental EADS Group, Inc., Blair County Protection Hon. Dennis Wolff, Secretary, Hon. Anthony V. Herzog, Pennsylvania Department of Commissioner, Wayne County Agriculture Hon. Richard A. Kasunic, Ms. Mary Worthington, Pennsylvania State Senate, Wellsboro Area Chamber of Fayette County Commerce, Tioga County Mr. Joseph Mangarella, Carol Hon. Gerald Zahorchak, D.Ed., Ann Fashions (ret.), Cambria Secretary, Pennsylvania County Department of Education Mr. Larry C. McCrae, Larry C. McCrae, Inc., Philadelphia County Final Report ii May 2009 TAC Study Task Force The Advisory Committee Chair thanks the members of the TAC Study Task Force for their insight and active participation in completing this challenging study. Their constructive dialogue, review of draft technical papers and memoranda, and participation was essential to this effort. Task Force: Chair: Ronald Wagenmann, TAC Joe Mangarella, TAC Charles Welker, TAC Members: PennDOT Staff: Louis C. Schultz, Jr., TAC James Arey, PennDOT Center for Chairman Program Development and Dr. Roy E. Brant, TAC Management Domenic D’Andrea, Dan Farley, PennDOT Bureau of Southwestern Pennsylvania Highway Safety and Traffic Commission Engineering Thomas Geanopulos, TAC Brian Hare, PennDOT Bureau of Mark Hilson, Carroll Township Design (York County) Tammy McElfresh, PennDOT James Hunt, Federal Highway Bureau of Municipal Services Administration Glenn Rowe, PennDOT Bureau Thomas Kotay, Lebanon County of Highway Safety and Traffic Planning Department Engineering Tony Mento, Federal Highway Natasha Schock, PennDOT Administration Policy Office Fran O’Brien, TAC Bob Shaffer, PennDOT Office of Local and Area Transportation James Ritzman, PennDOT Deputy Secretary for Planning Larry Shifflet, PennDOT Center for Program Development and Leonard Ross, TAC Management Jack Rutter, TAC Ashley Shultz, PennDOT Center Gustave Scheerbaum, TAC for Program Development and Donald Shanis, Delaware Valley Management Regional Planning Commission Final Report iii May 2009 Table of Contents Acronyms ..............................................................................................................................vi Executive Summary ..............................................................................................................1 1. Introduction and Purpose.........................................................................................8 2. Approach....................................................................................................................9 2.1 Phase I – Issue Identification/Information Gathering ...................................9 2.2 Phase II – Strategy Identification and Analysis...............................................9 2.3 Phase III – TAC Report on Findings and Recommendations......................10 3. Smart Transportation............................................................................................. 11 3.1 What is Smart Transportation?........................................................................11 3.2 Why is Smart Transportation Important? ......................................................11 3.3 Smart Transportation Principles......................................................................12 3.4 Smart Transportation Themes..........................................................................15 3.5 Land Use Context ..............................................................................................15 3.6 Transportation Context.....................................................................................18 3.7 Smart Transportation Implementation...........................................................20 4. Congestion.............................................................................................................. 22 4.1 What is Congestion?..........................................................................................22 4.2 Types of Congestion..........................................................................................23 4.3 Causes of Congestion ........................................................................................25 4.4 Congestion Perspective.....................................................................................27 4.5 Relationship between Safety and Congestion ...............................................35 4.6 Measuring Congestion ......................................................................................36 5. Congestion Mitigation Techniques and Strategies in a Smart Transportation Context.................................................................................................................... 38 5.1 General Strategies ..............................................................................................38 5.2 Mitigation Techniques ......................................................................................40 5.3 U.S. Department of Transportation Congestion Initiative...........................43 6. Congestion Mitigation Planning and Programming ........................................... 45 6.1 Statewide Congestion Mitigation Planning ...................................................45 Final Report iv May 2009 6.2 Regional Congestion Mitigation Planning.....................................................46 6.3 Congestion Management Processes................................................................46 6.4 Congestion Programs........................................................................................49 6.5 Municipal and Developer Improvements......................................................55 7. Stakeholder Perspectives ..................................................................................... 56 7.1 Stakeholder Survey............................................................................................56 7.2 Task Force Brainstorming
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