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Afghanistan LDCF Prodoc PROJECT DOCUMENT SECTION 1: PROJECT IDENTIFICATION 1.1 Project title Building adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change in Afghanistan 1.2 Project number 548 1.3 Project type FSP 1.4 Trust Fund LD 1.5 Strategic Objective GEF strategic long-term objective Climate change adaptation 1.6 UNEP priority Climate change adaptation 1.7 Geographical scope National: Afghanistan 1.8 Mode of execution National Execution (with execution support from UNEP PCDMB) 1.9 Project executing National Environmental Protection organisation Agency, Afghanistan 1.10 Duration of project 48 months Commencing: 11/01/2012 Completion: 12/01/2016 1.11 Cost of project US$ Type % Cost to the LDCF $5,390,000 Grant 27.2 Co-financing National Solidarity Programme $10,000,000 Grant (parallel) 50.5 (NSP) National Area-Based Development Programme $2,400,000 Grant (parallel) 12.1 (NABDP) National Environmental Protection $1,000,000 In-kind 5.1 Agency Agro-Meteorology Programme $600,000 Grant (parallel) 3.0 (AgroMet) Rehabilitation of the Afghan $400,000 Grant (parallel) 2.0 Meteorological Authority Total $19,790,000 100 1 1.12 Project summary: In line with the guidance for the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), this proposal seeks LDCF funding for a Full-Size Project in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to implement the adaptation priorities “improved water management and use efficiency” and “community-based watershed management” as well as to contribute to the adaptation priorities “improved terracing, agroforestry and agro-silvo pastoral systems”, “climate-related research and early warning systems”, “improved food security” and “rangeland management”, all of which were identified as priority interventions during Afghanistan’s National Adaptation Plan of Action process. In addition to the LDCF funding, co-financing will be mobilised from baseline activities currently underway in Afghanistan in the form of the National Solidarity Programme and the National Area-based Development Programme. Additionally, strategic capacity-building activities for climate change risk assessment and the development of a climate early warning system will be undertaken in synergy with the RAMA and AgroMet baseline projects. The different funding sources will cover specific activities whilst contributing to the same objective (namely, to increase resilience of vulnerable communities and build capacity of local and national institutions to address climate change risk) and goal (namely, to increase the resilience of Afghanistan society and economy to the effects of climate change and to enhance the capacity of Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to undertake effective planning on adaptation). Afghanistan has been identified as one of the countries that are most vulnerable to climate change. A legacy of many years of instability and conflict has meant that Afghanistan is very poorly developed. Much of the infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed as a result of conflict, and both education and government structures have suffered as well. Approximately 79% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities, the majority at a subsistence level. Although a significant portion of these activities are dependent on the very low precipitation, many more are dependent on the flow of several perennial rivers that originate in the central highlands area. Natural ecosystems throughout Afghanistan are very fragile, with highly erodible soils and very low vegetation cover in most areas. The degrading effects of increasing human activity in many areas are exacerbated by current climatic variability, principally frequent droughts and extreme weather-induced floods and erosion. At present, Afghanistan is experiencing an increase in the number and intensity of droughts, as well as more frequent flooding events as a result of increased climate variability and the melting of glaciers in the highland regions. The climate change induced problems facing Afghanistan are twofold. Firstly, under conditions of climate change, it is predicted that the incidence of extreme weather events and droughts will increase, as will climate change- linked disasters such as glacial lake outflows. These changes are likely to adversely affect natural ecosystems, agriculture and community livelihoods throughout the country. Secondly, national structures, including communities, district leaders, researchers and government agencies currently lack the capacity to plan for, overcome and withstand the anticipated climate change-related threats. This capacity deficit as well as underlying vulnerability to climate change impacts are exacerbated by the following non-climate change-driven causes: i) unsustainable use of natural resources; ii) high poverty levels; and iii) dependence on rain-fed agriculture; and v) a poorly developed policy environment. In addition, the National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) highlights water as the primary concern, which is reflected in the two priority projects identified in the NAPA: “1: Improved water management and use efficiency”; and “2: Community-based watershed management”. To address these problems, the LDCF project will strengthen institutional capacity in Afghanistan to facilitate effective adaptation planning and protection of communities, ecosystems and development against climate change. Community and local capacity will be strengthened to successfully respond to climate change. This will include demonstration interventions at pilot sites in four provinces to restore and sustainably manage ecosystems to deliver the full range of ecosystem services they are capable of delivering, especially 2 provision of water. Ecosystem management approaches will be tailored to build climate resilient local communities, enhancing the benefits provided by ecosystems and ensuring their resilience under conditions of climate change. A primary focus of the ecosystem management approach to adaptation will be the establishment and re-establishment of indigenous plant species with multiple benefits to local population, particularly with respect to improving water availability and water flow despite conditions of climate change. Although the activities are site-specific, the adaptation benefits will accrue at multiple scales, including small highland water catchments to large downstream basins. Downstream benefits of the LDCF project interactions will ensure that the cost-effectiveness of the project interventions is maximised. This will be realised through the achievement of the following outcomes: 1. Increased capacity and knowledge base for assessment, monitoring and forecasting of climate change-induced risks to water in Afghanistan. 2. Climate change risks integrated into relevant policies, plans and programmes. 3. Reduction of climate change vulnerability in the selected project sites through local institutional capacity building and concrete interventions for improved water use efficiency. 4. Increased knowledge of good practices on increasing resilience to climate change- induced risks to water resources. Apart from the NAPA priorities mentioned above, the project will also contribute to the attainment of Millennium Development Goals 1 and 7 for Afghanistan, as well as to the achievement of the objectives of inter alia: i) the Afghanistan National Development Strategy; ii) the National Agriculture Development Framework; and iii) the Strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction. The project will be implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme and executed by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan’s National Environmental Protection Agency. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 : Project Identification .................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project title ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Project number ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Project type ............................................................................................................ 1 1.4 Trust Fund .............................................................................................................. 1 1.5 Strategic Objective ................................................................................................. 1 1.6 UNEP priority ......................................................................................................... 1 1.7 Geographical scope ............................................................................................... 1 1.8 Mode of execution .................................................................................................. 1 1.9 Project executing organisation................................................................................ 1 1.10 Duration of project .................................................................................................. 1 1.11 Cost of project ........................................................................................................ 1 1.12 Project summary: ................................................................................................... 2 Section 2 : Background and Situation Analysis ......................................................... 9 2.1 Background and context ......................................................................................... 9 2.2 Threats, root causes and barriers ........................................................................
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