Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Central Statistics Organization

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

DAYKUNDI DAYKUNDI

For more details, please contact: Central Statistics Organization Name: Mr. Eidmarjan Samoon P.O.Box: 1254, Ansari Watt Kabul,Afghanistan Phone: +930202104338 • E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.cso.gov.af

Credits Production : Julie Pudlowski Consulting 2 Cover and inside photos: © UNFPA/CSO Afghanistan/2012 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY DAYKUNDI MESSAGE FROM CSO

The Central Statistics Organization (CSO) celebrates the publication of the Socio-Demographic DQG(FRQRPLF6XUYH\ 6'(6 IRU'D\NXQGL7KLVLPSRUWDQWVXUYH\ZDVÀUVWFRQGXFWHGLQ%DPL\DQ Province in September 2011 and subsequently in Ghor and Daykundi Provinces during September ZLWKWKHÀQDQFLDODVVLVWDQFHRIWKH*RYHUQPHQWRI-DSDQDQGWKHWHFKQLFDOVXSSRUWRI81)3$

7KH6'(6SURYLGHVWKHÀUVWGHWDLOHGDQDO\VLVRIWKHDJHDQGVH[FRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHSRSXODWLRQRI each province to the district level, as well as literacy levels; the highest educational class completed; employment ; previous residence; deaths during the previous two years; estimated infant and under- ÀYHPRUWDOLW\DQGKRXVLQJDQGKRXVHKROGFKDUDFWHULVWLFV:KLOHSRSXODWLRQFRXQWE\GLVWULFWLVQRW included in this report, the data is available from the CSO on request.

To help all stakeholders and sectors take full advantage of this unique data, CSO, in collaboration with the local government and concerned ministries, will undertake further analysis to interpret it.

This report is a testament to the commitment of the CSO staff in Daykundi and Kabul. Conducting the SDES in two provinces simultaneously was not easy. A team of people from Daykundi Province VHUYHGDVVXUYH\RUVFRQWUROOHUVFDUWRJUDSKHUVGLVWULFWVWDWLVWLFVRIÀFHUVDQGWKHLUDVVLVWDQWV SURYLQFLDOVWDWLVWLFVRIÀFHUVDQGVWDIIDORQJZLWK&62.DEXOVXSHUYLVRUV7RJHWKHUWKH\FROOHFWHGWKH QHFHVVDU\LQIRUPDWLRQIURPVDPSOHGKRXVHKROGVXQGHUGLIÀFXOWFLUFXPVWDQFHV

7KH\ZHUHDEO\VXSSRUWHGE\WKHGHGLFDWLRQRIWKH81)3$DQG&62WHFKQLFDOVWDIIZKRZHUH responsible for monitoring and supervision during the enumeration period, ensuring that accurate information was collected. The data processors made sure that high quality data was collected.

7KHLUMRLQWHIIRUWVKDYHUHVXOWHGLQWKHÀUVWFRPSOHWHVQDSVKRWRI'D\NXQGL3URYLQFHGRZQWRWKH district level. This will prove an invaluable tool for policymaking in the years to come.

6KHU0RKDPPDG-DPL]DGD President General of CSO

4 MESSAGE FROM UNFPA

The completion of the Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey (SDES) in Daykundi marks another milestone in the province’s history. Information is now available on Daykundi’s population: the size DQGDJHVH[GLVWULEXWLRQHPSOR\PHQWFRQGLWLRQPLJUDWLRQIHUWLOLW\HGXFDWLRQPRUWDOLW\KRXVHKROG and housing characteristics. This information can be used for resource allocation and evidence- based local development planning and programme monitoring and evaluation. The survey results HQDEOHLPSURYHGLGHQWLÀFDWLRQRIWKRVHVHJPHQWVRIWKHSRSXODWLRQWKDWDUHLQQHHGRIKXPDQLWDULDQ DVVLVWDQFHDVZHOODVSURYLGHVLJQLÀFDQWLQIRUPDWLRQRQYXOQHUDEOHJURXSV

Together with Ghor Province, Daykundi was the second cluster of provinces where the SDES was carried out. Subsequently, the SDES has been conducted in three more provinces (Kabul, Parwan, and Kapisa) while Samangan is on-going. It is planned that all provinces will be covered by 2018.

The SDES in Daykundi has revealed that half of the population of the province was aged 15 years or younger during the time of the survey with the youth (aged 15-24 years) comprising 20.6 percent of the province’s population, implying therein a very young age structure. This supported the fact that the total fertility rate recorded in the province was high at 7.6 children per woman. The survey also reveals that Miramor District had the largest share of the province’s population at 18.7 percent followed by Sharistan District at 16.6 percent.

The SDES was successfully undertaken through the leadership of the Central Statistics Organization &62 PDQDJHPHQWWKHVXSSRUWRILWVVWDIIDQGWKHFRRSHUDWLRQRIUHVSRQGHQWV7KH8QLWHG1DWLRQV 3RSXODWLRQ)XQG 81)3$ SURYLGHGWHFKQLFDOSURJUDPPDWLFDQGRSHUDWLRQDOVXSSRUWWRWKH&62IRU WKHFRQGXFWRI6'(67KHKDUGZRUNRIWKHÀHOGZRUNHUV FDUWRJUDSKHUVVXUYH\RUVFRQWUROOHUVGDWD clerks, supervisors, coordinators and managers) recruited from the province and the cooperation RIWKHORFDORIÀFLDOVHVSHFLDOO\WKH3URYLQFLDO*RYHUQRUDQG'LVWULFW$GPLQLVWUDWRUVKDVDOVRPDGH this survey a success. The survey in Daykundi was also made possible through the generosity of IXQGLQJVXSSRUWIURPWKH*RYHUQPHQWRI-DSDQZLWKRXWZKLFKWKHÀUVW6'(6LQ%DPL\DQZRXOGKDYH not taken place.

81)3$ZRXOGOLNHWRH[WHQGLWVDSSUHFLDWLRQWR&62DQG81)3$VWDIIDQGDOO$IJKDQVZKR FRQWULEXWHGWRWKHVXFFHVVRIWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDVZHOODVWRWKH*RYHUQPHQWRI-DSDQZKRVH contribution to the development of Afghanistan has been unwavering.

Dr. Annette Sachs Robertson 81)3$5HSUHVHQWDWLYH DAYKUNDI

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS

MESSAGE FROM CSO 4 MESSAGE FROM UNFPA 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 TABLES 8 FIGURES 10 1. DAYKUNDI PROFILE 15 2. INTRODUCTION 16 3. OBJECTIVES 17 4. METHODOLOGY 18 5. MONITORING AND SUPERVISION 19 6. DATA PROCESSING 19 7. SCOPE OF THE SURVEY 20 8. SURVEY RESULTS 20

 3238/$7,21&+$5$&7(5,67,&6 20  /,7(5$&< 30  ('8&$7,21$/$77$,10(17 33  0,*5$7,21 37  (03/2<0(17 41  )81&7,21$/',)),&8/7< 54  )(57,/,7< 57  %,57+5(*,675$7,21 59  0257$/,7< 61  /,9,1*67$7862)3$5(176 63  +286(+2/'&+$5$&7(5,67,&6 64  +286,1*&+$5$&7(5,67,&6 72 APPENDICES 78 REFERENCES 83

7 TABLES

Table 1 Percent Distribution of Population by District: Daykundi, September 2012

Table 2 6H[5DWLRRIWKH3RSXODWLRQE\$JH*URXSDQG'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL6HSWHPEHU

Table 3 ,QGH[HVRI$JH3UHIHUHQFHE\'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL6HSWHPEHU

Table 4 $JH6H[$FFXUDF\,QGH[E\'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL6HSWHPEHU

Table 5 0HGLDQ$JHLQ

Table 6 Percent Distribution of Population by Age Group, Aged-Child Ratio, and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Table 7 Age Dependency Ratios by District: Daykundi, September 2012

Table 8 0HGLDQ$JHDW)LUVW0DUULDJHDQG0HDQ$JHDW)LUVW0DUULDJHE\6H[DQG'LVWULFW Daykundi, September 2012

Table 9 /LWHUDF\5DWHVIRU0DOHVDQG)HPDOHV$JHG

Table 10 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQRI7RWDO3RSXODWLRQ %RWK6H[HV 

Table 11 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQRI0DOH3RSXODWLRQ

Table 12 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQRI)HPDOH3RSXODWLRQ

Table 13 1HW$WWHQGDQFH5DWLRVE\6H[DQG5DWLRVRI)HPDOH1HW$WWHQGDQFH5DWLRWR0DOH $WWHQGDQFH5DWLRE\/HYHORI(GXFDWLRQDQG'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL6HSWHPEHU

Table 14 3URSRUWLRQRI3RSXODWLRQ:KR5HVLGHGIRU6L[0RQWKVRU0RUHLQD3ODFH2WKHU7KDQ7KHLU 5HVLGHQFHDWWKH7LPHRIWKH6XUYH\E\3UHYLRXV5HVLGHQFH6H[DQG'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL September 2012

Table 15 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQRIWKH3RSXODWLRQE\3URYLQFHRI%LUWKDQG'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL September 2012

Table 16 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQRI3RSXODWLRQ:KR+DYH/LYHGLQ$QRWKHU'LVWULFW3URYLQFHRU&RXQWU\ IRUDW/HDVW0RQWKVE\'XUDWLRQRI6WD\LQ5HVLGHQFHDWWKH7LPHRIWKH6XUYH\DQG District: Daykundi, September 2012

Table 17 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQRI,Q0LJUDQWVE\5HVLGHQFHLQ1DZUR]DQG'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL September 2012

8 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

Table 18 3HUFHQWDJHRI3RSXODWLRQ$JHG

Table 19 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQRI&KLOGUHQ

Table 20 $JH6SHFLÀF)HUWLOLW\5DWHV7RWDO)HUWLOLW\5DWHV*HQHUDO)HUWLOLW\5DWHVDQG&UXGH%LUWK Rates for 12 Months Preceding the Survey by District: Daykundi, September 2012

Table 21 (VWLPDWHVRI,QIDQW0RUWDOLW\5DWHDQG8QGHU)LYH0RUWDOLW\5DWHE\6H['D\NXQGL September 2012

Table 22 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\6L]HDQG$YHUDJH+RXVHKROG6L]HDQG'LVWULFW Daykundi, September 2012

Table 23 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\6RXUFHRI'ULQNLQJ:DWHUDQG'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL September 2012

Table 24 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\6RXUFHRI:DWHUIRU:DVKLQJ&RRNLQJDQG2WKHU +RXVHKROG8VHVDQG'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL6HSWHPEHU

Table 25 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\0DLQ0DWHULDORIWKH5RRIDQG'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL September 2012

Table 26 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\0DLQ0DWHULDORIWKH2XWHU:DOOE\'LVWULFW Daykundi, September 2012

Table 27 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\0DLQ0DWHULDORIWKH)ORRUE\'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL September 2012

Table 28 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\7HQXUH6WDWXVRIWKH'ZHOOLQJ8QLWDQG'LVWULFW Daykundi, September 2012

Table 29 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\7\SHRI7RLOHW)DFLOLW\DQG'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL September 2012

Table 30 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\1XPEHURI5RRPVDWWKHLU'LVSRVDODQG +RXVHKROG6L]H'D\NXQGL6HSWHPEHU

Table 31 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\1XPEHURI5RRPVDWWKHLU'LVSRVDODQG'LVWULFW Daykundi, September 2012

Table 32 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\1XPEHURI5RRPV8VHGIRU6OHHSLQJDQG +RXVHKROG6L]H'D\NXQGL6HSWHPEHU

Table 33 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\1XPEHURI5RRPV8VHGIRU6OHHSLQJDQG District: Daykundi, September 2012

9 FIGURES

)LJXUH Map of Afghanistan

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)LJXUH Population Pyramid for Daykundi, September 2012

)LJXUH Percent Distribution of Male Population by Marital Status and Age Group: Daykundi, September 2012

)LJXUH 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQRI)HPDOH3RSXODWLRQE\0DULWDO6WDWXVDQG$JH*URXS'D\NXQGL September 2012

)LJXUH 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQE\0DULWDO6WDWXVRI0DOHVDQG)HPDOHV$JHGDQG 59: Daykundi, September 2012

)LJXUH 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQE\0DULWDO6WDWXVRI0DOHVDQG)HPDOHV$JHGDQG 1LOL6HSWHPEHU

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)LJXUH 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQRI)HPDOH3RSXODWLRQ$JHGWR:KR$UH1RW$WWHQGLQJ6FKRRO DWWKH7LPHRIWKH6XUYH\E\+LJKHVW&ODVV&RPSOHWHGE\'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL6HSWHPEHU 2012

)LJXUH 3URSRUWLRQRIWKH3RSXODWLRQ:KR+DYH3UHYLRXVO\5HVLGHGIRU6L[0RQWKVRU0RUHLQD 3ODFH2WKHU7KDQ7KHLU5HVLGHQFHDWWKH7LPHRI6XUYH\E\6H[DQG'LVWULFW'D\NXQGL September 2012

)LJXUHD 'LVWULEXWLRQRI3RSXODWLRQ:KR+DYH5HVLGHGIRU6L[0RQWKVRU0RUHLQD3ODFH2WKHU Than Their Residence at the Time of the Survey, by Previous Residence: Daykundi, September 2012

)LJXUHE 'LVWULEXWLRQRI3RSXODWLRQ:KR+DYH5HVLGHGIRU6L[0RQWKVRU0RUHLQD3ODFH2WKHU Than Their Residence at the Time of the Survey, by Previous Residence: Khedir, September 2012

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10 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

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)LJXUH 3HUFHQW'LVWULEXWLRQRI3RSXODWLRQZKR:HUH(FRQRPLFDOO\$FWLYHLQWKH0RQWKV3ULRU to Survey by District: Daykundi, September 2012

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11 DAYKUNDI

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12 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

)LJXUH /LYLQJ6WDWXVRI3DUHQWVRI&KLOGUHQ%HORZ)LYH

)LJXUH /LYLQJ6WDWXVRI3DUHQWVRI&KLOGUHQ%HORZ)LYH

)LJXUH 3HUFHQWDJH'LVWULEXWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\6RXUFHRI(QHUJ\IRU&RRNLQJDQG'LVWULFW Daykundi, September 2012

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)LJXUH 3URSRUWLRQRI+RXVHKROGVE\2ZQHUVKLSRI/LYHVWRFN3RXOWU\E\7\SHDQG'LVWULFW Daykundi, September 2012

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13 DAYKUNDI

14 1. DAYKUNDI PROFILE

Daykundi Province (“the place of shining light” in the Persian language) is one of the thirty-four SURYLQFHVRI$IJKDQLVWDQ/RFDWHGLQWKH&HQWUDO5HJLRQ'D\NXQGLLVWKHVHFRQGODUJHVWSURYLQFHLQ WKH+D]DUDMDW5HJLRQZKHUHWKH+D]DUDHWKQLFJURXSSUHGRPLQDWHV

7KHSURYLQFHOLHVDWWKHFRRUGLQDWHV1(1,WLVERUGHUHGE\*KRUWRWKHQRUWK%DPL\DQ WRWKHQRUWKZHVW+HOPDQGWRWKHZHVW8UR]JDQWRWKHVRXWKDQG*KD]QLWRWKH(DVW )LJXUH ,W lies 440 kilometer west of Kabul.

$ERXWSHUFHQWRIWKHODQGDUHDLVPRXQWDLQRXV1LOLWKHSURYLQFLDOFHQWUHOLHVDWDQHOHYDWLRQRI PHWUHVDERYHVHDOHYHO'XULQJWKHORQJZLQWHUVHDVRQZKLFKODVWVDERXWVL[PRQWKVRIWKH year, temperatures may drop to -16 degrees Celsius. The highest precipitation (about 28–35 mm) normally occurs during the months of March and April.

The province covers about 17,501 sq. km, representing 2.7 percent of Afghanistan’s territory. In DGGLWLRQWRWKHSURYLQFLDOFHQWUH1LOL'D\NXQGLKDVHLJKWGLVWULFWV6KDKULVWDQ,VKWHUODL.KHGLU*HWL Miramor, Sang-e-Takht, Gizab and Kejran.

The main crops grown in the province are wheat, barley, potatoes, almonds and beans. The province is agriculturally one of the least productive provinces; most of the land is barren and inaccessible, ZLWKVHULRXVZDWHUVKRUWDJHVVPDOOODQGKROGLQJVH[WHQVLYHIRRGLQVHFXULW\DQGSRRUVRLOTXDOLW\2

Figure 1: Map of Afghanistan

1 Geographic Information System (GIS) 2KWWSZZZXQGSRUJDISXEOLFDWLRQV55(56'D\NXQGL3URYLQFLDO3URÀOH

15 DAYKUNDI

2. INTRODUCTION

The importance of population data in the formulation of government policies as well as their implementation and monitoring cannot be over-emphasized. Population data provides essential LQIRUPDWLRQIRUWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIHIÀFLHQWDQGHIIHFWLYHGHYHORSPHQWSURJUDPPHV7KHODFNRIXS to-date and accurate data hinders development; data is vital for robust evidence-based planning, programme development, and project monitoring.

The last census was carried out in Afghanistan in 1979. Recognizing the need for up-to-date data, WKH&HQWUDO6WDWLVWLFV2UJDQL]DWLRQ &62 DQGWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV3RSXODWLRQ)XQG 81)3$ ZDV conceptualized the Socio-Demographic and Economic Survey (SDES) as an alternative way of addressing data gaps at the local level.

7KH6'(6ZDVÀUVWFRQGXFWHGLQ%DPL\DQ3URYLQFHZLWKÀQDQFLDOVXSSRUWIURPWKH*RYHUQPHQWRI -DSDQDQGWHFKQLFDODVVLVWDQFHIURP81)3$7KLVZDVIROORZHGE\6'(6LQ*KRUDQG'D\NXQGL Provinces. The SDES provides essential information on the composition of the population, education, employment status and housing unit characteristics, which are vital for determining the needs of different segments of the population. Importantly, the SDES makes data readily available at lower levels of disaggregation, i.e. district level data suitable for local development planning.

The SDES also collects data to monitor progress towards the achievement of Afghanistan’s Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), such as school attendance, infant mortality, child mortality, maternal mortality, access to improved sources of drinking water and improved sanitation.

Box 1: National Census Committee

CENSUS ACT Article 6: National Population Census Committee will be established for the successful implementation of the population census utmost two years prior to the conduct of a population census as proposed by the Central Statistics Organization and endorsed by the National Statistics Committee and approval of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan’ 2TGUKFGPV6JG)GPGTCN2TGUKFGPVQH%GPVTCN5VCVKUVKEU1HſEGYKNNCEVCU5GETGVCT[QHVJG0CVKQPCN2QRWNCVKQP%GPUWU Committee.

Article 8: The National Census Committee will have the following duties and responsibilities: 1. Formulating government policy for different stages of the population census and determining the date and period for conduct of the complete population census. 2. Formulating, preparing and approving the work programme of the complete population census. 3. Reviewing the structure, budget and various expenditures of the complete population census. 4. Taking necessary decisions for ensuring coordination and cooperation among various ministries, governmental QTICPK\CVKQPUKPUVKVWVKQPUCPFOWPKEKRCNKVKGUHQTRTQXKFKPIQHſEGUXGJKENGUGSWKROGPVCPFTGSWKTGFRGTUQPPGN for the population census. 5. Attending to complaints and protests addressed to the population census.

16 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

3. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 1. Evidence-Based Decision Making, Policy Making, Planning and Administration

)URP$IJKDQLVWDQEHJDQUHFHLYLQJDPDVVLYHDPRXQWRIPXOWLVHFWRUVXSSRUWIRUGHYHORSPHQW projects. Most of these projects were designed and implemented despite a lack of reliable data, especially at the village and district levels; a situation which persisted until the development of the SDES. This lack of data has hampered effective policy formulation and strategic development SODQQLQJDWWKHORFDOOHYHOWKHDEVHQFHRISUHFLVHEDVHOLQHGDWDDOVRPDNHVLWGLIÀFXOWWRPHDVXUH SURJUHVVDQGWRWDUJHWSULRULW\SRSXODWLRQVHQVXULQJWKHHIÀFLHQWDOORFDWLRQRIUHVRXUFHV7KH6'(6 was designed to address this, by collecting social and economic data on Afghan households and lead to better targeted policies and service delivery.

2. Data for Businesses and Industries

The business sector needs information on the environment, product availability and demand, consumer capability and demand, labour dimensions and government policies. The SDES includes important questions on the current economic activities and capacities of the population.

3. Housing Policy and Programmes

The SDES provides data on the current housing status of the residents, and the structural make-up RIWKHKRXVHV,QFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKWKHSURÀOHRIWKHDUHD·VLQKDELWDQWVDQGWKHLUFDSDFLW\WRDFTXLUH such property it is possible to analyse housing demand in the area. This information can guide policy makers in their design of basic housing programmes.

4. Data on Vulnerable Population

The SDES collects data on categories of the population with varying types of vulnerability. These include people with disabilities, youth and women. The demographic and socio-economic attributes of these groups require special treatment in policy and programming, and must be factored into development processes at all levels.

5. Humanitarian Assistance

SDES includes a mapping and listing of all houses, business establishments and institutions at the district and village levels as well as the location of various types of community infrastructure, such as health facilities, schools, mosques, markets and roads, which is essential for emergency preparedness plans that are required to prevent or mitigate widespread devastation in the event of a

17 DAYKUNDI

GLVDVWHU7KHGDWDFDWHJRUL]HVSRSXODWLRQJURXSVE\VH[DJHHGXFDWLRQOLWHUDF\HPSOR\PHQWVWDWXV and other important variables that can help shape humanitarian assistance if ever needed.

6. Transition Process

Although foreign security forces remain partners in overcoming anti-government elements, the move to transfer this responsibility, as well as the governance and management of reconstruction DFWLYLWLHVWR$IJKDQFRQWUROKDVEHJXQ%HIRUHWKLVWUDQVLWLRQLVFRPSOHWHGLWLVYHU\LPSRUWDQWWKDW data be available on the population (to determine security requirements, number of doctors, schools, KRVSLWDOVHWF WKHLUHGXFDWLRQPHDQVRIOLYHOLKRRGOLYLQJFRQGLWLRQVIRUXVHE\JRYHUQPHQWRIÀFLDOV and others providing assistance to communities.

7. Research

The SDES will provide invaluable data for further analysis, comparison with other survey results and DVDEDVLVIRUIXUWKHUUHVHDUFK7KHGDWDZLOOEHH[WUHPHO\XVHIXOIRUJRYHUQPHQWDQGQRQJRYHUQPHQW institutions; for instance, data on out-of-school youth can generate new policies to address the situation.

4. METHODOLOGY

7KHVXUYH\FRQVLVWHGRIWZRUHODWHGDFWLYLWLHVD WKHH[WHQVLYHOLVWLQJDQGPDSSLQJRIKRXVHV establishments and institutions (conducted before the household survey) and b) the household survey itself.

1. Extensive Listing of Houses, Establishments and Institutions

7KHH[WHQVLYHOLVWLQJDQGPDSSLQJFRYHUHGDOOKRXVHVEXVLQHVVHVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQVLQHYHU\YLOODJHDQG urban area of Daykundi Province. It included the preparation of sketch maps on which the physical location of each entity was marked during canvassing. The locations of important public services, establishments and institutions such as schools, hospitals, banks, etc., were further pinpointed through the use of global positioning system (GPS) devices and information on transportation to and from villages, the availability of electricity, water sources, potential relocation sites, etc., was collected.

The surveyors used the output of these activities to guide them in conducting the survey and ensuring complete coverage of their assigned areas. In total, around 2,000 villages and urban areas in Daykundi Province were canvassed, with 543 enumeration areas.

2. Survey Enumeration

8QOLNHSUHYLRXV&62VXUYH\VZKLFKZHUHGHVLJQHGWRSURYLGHSURYLQFLDOGDWDWKH6'(6FROOHFWHGGDWD at district and lower levels, such as urban subdivisions, major villages and clusters of smaller villages. This will prove invaluable for local development planning and the monitoring of public service delivery.

18 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

7KHVXUYH\LQYROYHGDOLVWLQJRIHYHU\KRXVHKROGLQHDFKYLOODJH+DOIRIWKHVHOLVWHGKRXVHKROGV (i.e. every other household) were taken as samples and asked questions on education, literacy, HPSOR\PHQWPLJUDWLRQIXQFWLRQDOGLIÀFXOW\IHUWLOLW\PRUWDOLW\SDUHQW·VOLYLQJVWDWXVELUWKUHJLVWUDWLRQDQG housing characteristics.

5. MONITORING AND SUPERVISION

/LVWLQJDQGPDSSLQJZDVKDQGOHGE\&62FDUWRJUDSKHUVDQGKLUHGORFDODVVLVWDQWVDQGHLJKWGLVWULFW supervisors, while survey enumeration was conducted by 595 surveyors and 160 controllers, under the VXSHUYLVLRQRIWKHGLVWULFWVWDWLVWLFVRIÀFHUVDQGWKHLUDVVLVWDQWVSURYLQFLDOVWDWLVWLFVRIÀFHUVDQGVWDII and the CSO Kabul supervisors.

&62DQG81)3$WHFKQLFDOVWDIIPRQLWRUHGWKHSURFHVV7KH\YLVLWHGWKHGLVWULFWVGXULQJWKHWZRZHHN WUDLQLQJRIIHUHGGXULQJ6HSWHPEHUIRUGLVWULFWVWDWLVWLFVRIÀFHUVDQGDVVLVWDQWVFRQWUROOHUVDQG VXUYH\RUV'XULQJWKHVHYLVLWVWKH\SURYLGHGFODULÀFDWLRQVRQWKHFRQFHSWVDQGSURFHGXUHVLQH[HFXWLQJ WKHVXUYH\DQGUHVSRQGHGWRORJLVWLFDODGPLQLVWUDWLYHÀQDQFLDODQGKXPDQUHVRXUFHSUREOHPVDV needed.

&62DQG81)3$WHFKQLFDOVWDIIZHUHDOVRUHVSRQVLEOHIRUHGLWLQJTXHVWLRQQDLUHVVSRWFKHFNLQJUH interviewing and the recording observations during the household interviews in all eight districts and the provincial centre. Errors committed by the surveyors and controllers were thus corrected at an early stage of enumeration.

,QDGGLWLRQDOIRXUGLVWULFWDQGSURYLQFLDOPRQLWRUVZHUHUHFUXLWHGIRUWKHPDSSLQJOLVWLQJSKDVHDQG6'(6 HQXPHUDWLRQ7KH\FKHFNHGDQGPRQLWRUHGWKHZRUNRIVXUYH\RUVDQGVXSHUYLVRUVDQGWKHLUÀQGLQJV were immediately relayed to supervisors for necessary action.

6. DATA PROCESSING

Data processing, i.e. editing, coding and encoding entries from the questionnaires, was done both in Daykundi and at CSO Kabul. In Daykundi, a Data Processing Centre (DPC) was established, and 47 local staff recruited. Computers, generator, furniture, air conditioning units, heaters, Internet access and other equipment and supplies were provided.

$WRWDORIHQFRGHUVZHUHKLUHGLQ.DEXO&LW\WRDXJPHQWWKHH[LVWLQJ&62ZRUNIRUFH'DWDFOHDQLQJ and tabulation was done in Kabul.

19 DAYKUNDI

7. SCOPE OF THE SURVEY

7KHVXUYH\FRYHUHGDOOGLVWULFWVRI'D\NXQGLH[FHSW*L]DE'LVWULFWGXHWRVHFXULW\SUREOHPVDQGD ERXQGDU\GLVSXWHEHWZHHQ'D\NXQGLDQG8UX]JDQ3URYLQFHV

8. SURVEY RESULTS

8.1 Population characteristics

8.1.1 Population Distribution by District

Miramor hosts the largest population in Daykundi, comprising 18.7 percent of the total population of the province, followed by Shahristan District comprising 16.6 percent. Kejran District has the smallest SURSRUWLRQDWSHUFHQWRIWKHWRWDO1LQHW\QLQHSHUFHQWRIWKHSURYLQFH·VSRSXODWLRQUHVLGHLQVHWWOHG households.

1LOLWKHSURYLQFLDOFHQWUHKDGWKHKLJKHVWSRSXODWLRQGHQVLW\ZLWKSHUVRQVSHUVTXDUHNLORPHWUH ZKLOH.KHGLUKDGWKHORZHVWZLWK )LJXUH 

TABLE 1. Percent Distribution of Population by District: Daykundi, September 2012

District Percent

Daykundi 100.0 1LOL 7.9 Shahristan 16.6 Ishterlai 14.8 Khedir 9.0 Geti 13.0 Miramor 18.7 Sang-e-Takht 12.4 Kejran 7.5 1RWH1RGDWDIRU*L]DE'LVWULFW

20 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

FIGURE 2. Population Density, Total Population by Sex and District: Daykundi, September 2012

8.1.2 Sex Composition

There were more males than females in the population of Daykundi, with the males comprising 51.4 SHUFHQW7KHVH[UDWLRUHFRUGHGLQ6HSWHPEHUZDVPDOHVIRUHYHU\IHPDOHVWKHVDPH DVWKDWUHSRUWHGIRU$IJKDQLVWDQDVDZKROHLQWKH1DWLRQDO5LVNDQG9XOQHUDELOLW\$VVHVVPHQW6XUYH\ 2011–2012.

3RSXODWLRQVZLWKPDUNHGGHYLDWLRQVIURPHJEHORZRUDERYHPD\EHH[SODLQHGE\VH[ VHOHFWLYHPLJUDWLRQIHPDOHLQIDQWLFLGHVH[VHOHFWLYHDERUWLRQVH[VHOHFWLYHXQGHUUHSRUWLQJHFRQRPLF activities, a special feature of the area like presence of a large military installation or an institution FRQÀQLQJDSDUWLFXODUVH[RUZDUPRUWDOLW\

.HMUDQKDGWKHKLJKHVWVH[UDWLRDPRQJVWWKHGLVWULFWVDWPDOHVIRUHYHU\IHPDOHVIROORZHGE\ 6DQJH7DNKWZLWKPDOHVSHUIHPDOHV7KHVH[UDWLRLQWKHRWKHUVL[GLVWULFWVUDQJHGIURPWR 107.

7KHVH[UDWLRJHQHUDOO\YDULHVE\DJHJURXS,QGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHVWKHVH[UDWLRRIDSRSXODWLRQWHQGVWR be high at very young ages and decreases with age. In countries with a high maternal mortality rate and ORZVWDWXVRIZRPHQKRZHYHUWKHVH[UDWLRGHFUHDVHVXSWRFKLOGEHDULQJDJHDQGWKHQLQFUHDVHVZLWK WKHDJH*HQHUDOO\´\RXQJµSRSXODWLRQVRUWKRVHZLWKKLJKIHUWLOLW\WHQGWRKDYHDKLJKHUVH[UDWLRWKDQ “old” populations or those with low fertility.

21 DAYKUNDI

TABLE 2. Sex Ratio of the Population, by Age Group and District:

Age group Daykundi Nili Shahristan Ishterlai Khedir Geti Miramor Sang -e- Takht Kejran

Total 106 106 106 107 103 102 105 108 110

0-4 103 103 102 108 103 100 103 104 103

5-9 105 102 107 102 102 103 104 108 111

10-19 109 106 108 109 103 107 108 112 125

20-29 104 106 105 110 101 97 101 107 104

30-39 92 103 91 91 99 92 91 87 93

40-49 99 101 100 95 98 102 100 100 96

50-59 105 104 104 113 81 93 113 120 104

60-69 129 123 131 149 132 103 129 182 96

70-79 180 145 153 207 216 151 182 277 221

80 + 221 179 220 306 270 158 255 279 178

,Q'D\NXQGLDVDZKROHWKHVH[UDWLRDWELUWKLVDURXQGPDOHVSHUIHPDOHZLWKLQWKHQRUPDO UDQJH ² 6H[UDWLRVRIFKLOGUHQHYHUERUQ &(% KLJKHUWKDQVXJJHVWDQRPLVVLRQRI IHPDOHEDELHVZKLOHVH[UDWLRVORZHUWKDQPD\LQGLFDWHRPLVVLRQRIPDOHEDELHV6H[VHOHFWLYH DERUWLRQPD\DOVRUHVXOWLQVH[UDWLRVDWELUWKWKDWDUHRXWVLGHWKHQRUPDOUDQJH

2PLVVLRQRIPDOHEDELHVRUXQGHUUHSRUWLQJRIPDOHFKLOGUHQPD\H[SODLQWKHORZVH[UDWLRIRUWKH² age group in Geti (100 male children for every 100 female children), while the province as a whole had DVH[UDWLRRIPDOHVSHUIHPDOHVIRUWKLVDJHJURXSZKLFKLVLQWKHQRUPDOUDQJH

9HU\KLJKVH[UDWLRVDUHDSSDUHQWLQWKH²DJHJURXSLQDOPRVWDOOGLVWULFWVH[FHSW.HMUDQZKLFK KDGPDOHVSHUIHPDOHV([WUHPHO\KLJKVH[UDWLRVPDQ\DERYHZHUHQRWHGLQWKH² age group, particularly in Sang-e-Takht (277), and the 80 years and above age group in Ishterlai (306).

8.1.3 Quality of Age Data

7KHFRPSDUDWLYHO\VPDOO²DJHJURXSVKRZQLQ)LJXUHVXJJHVWVWKDWYHU\\RXQJFKLOGUHQKDYH been omitted. Age misreporting may also contribute to this dent at age 0–4, and also to some bulges at older age groups.

7KHWHQGHQF\RIHQXPHUDWRUVRUUHVSRQGHQWVWRUHSRUWFHUWDLQDJHVDWWKHH[SHQVHRIRWKHUVLVFDOOHG age heaping, age preference or digit preference. Digit preference is the preference for particular ages ending in certain digits. Preference for 0 and 5 is the most widespread.

22 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

FIGURE 3. Population in Single Year of Age by Sex: Daykundi, September 2012

)LJXUHGLVSOD\VDSUHIHUHQFHIRUDJHVHQGLQJLQDQG3RVVLEOHHUURUVLQVLQJOH\HDURIDJHGDWD are net under-enumeration of selected population groups and misreporting or mis-assignment of age. Infants or children aged 0 are often under-reported because parents tend not to think of them as members of the household. The very small number of infants and children aged 1 compared to those aged 2–4 suggests an appreciable under-coverage of such children in the survey.

TABLE 3. Indexes of Age Preference by District: Daykundi, September 2012

Myer’s Index Whipple’s Index District (in percent) Daykundi 23.8 243.6 1LOL 22.6 232.0 Shahristan 25.9 259.4 Ishterlai 25.9 259.9 Khedir 27.1 269.7 Geti 21.7 225.1 Miramor 21.6 227.0 Sang-e-Takht 19.8 220.9 Kejran 28.3 270.8

23 DAYKUNDI

7ZRLQGH[HVRIDJHSUHIHUHQFHWKH0\HU·V%OHQGHG,QGH[DQG:KLSSOH·V,QGH[ZHUHFRPSXWHGDQG DUHSUHVHQWHGLQ7DEOH7KH0\HU·V%OHQGHG,QGH[PHDVXUHVSUHIHUHQFHIRUDQ\WHUPLQDOGLJLWDQG ranges theoretically from 0, representing no heaping or preference for any terminal digit, to 90, which ZRXOGUHVXOWLIDOODJHVUHSRUWHGLQDVXUYH\HQGHGZLWKWKHVDPHGLJLW0HDQZKLOHWKH:KLSSOH·V ,QGH[PHDVXUHVKHDSLQJRQDJHVZLWKWHUPLQDOGLJLWVDQG,WUDQJHVIURPLQGLFDWLQJQR preference for terminal digits 0 or 5, to 500, indicating that only ages ending in 0 and 5 were reported. )RU'D\NXQGL3URYLQFHWKH0\HU·V%OHQGHG,QGH[LVZKLOHWKH:KLSSOH·V,QGH[LV7KHVH DUHKLJKHUWKDQWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJÀJXUHVFRPSXWHGIRU$IJKDQLVWDQZKLFKZHUHDQG UHVSHFWLYHO\ 159$² $WWKHGLVWULFWOHYHOWKH0\HU·V%OHQGHG,QGH[UDQJHVIURPWR ZKLOHWKH:KLSSOH·V,QGH[UDQJHVIURPWR

Presenting age data in 5-year age groups tends to minimize some of the irregularities present in single-year-age data, especially errors brought about by age heaping or digit preference. Omission of some population groups, say, young children and particularly infants, the aged, and mobile young adults particularly those working away from home, could still affect the quality of grouped age data. $SRSXODUPHDVXUHRIWKHTXDOLW\RIJURXSHGDJHVH[GDWDLVWKH81DJHVH[DFFXUDF\LQGH[&HQVXV DJHVH[GDWDLVFRQVLGHUHGDFFXUDWHLIWKHLQGH[LVXQGHU+RZHYHUWKHLQGH[PXVWEHLQWHUSUHWHG with caution as it does not take into account real irregularities in age distribution due to migration and war mortality, for instance, which may have affected the value for Daykundi.

7KH81DJHVH[DFFXUDF\LQGH[IRU'D\NXQGLLVZKLFKLVORZHUWKDQIRU%DPL\DQZKRVHLQGH[LV  6'(6 $WWKHGLVWULFWOHYHOWKHLQGH[YDULHVIURPIRU*HWLWRIRU.HMUDQ

TABLE 4. Age-Sex Accuracy Index by District: Daykundi, September 2012

District Index (%)

Daykundi 67.8 1LOL 85.9 Shahristan 66.2 Ishterlai 86.7 Khedir 107.0 Geti 61.5 Miramor 63.0 Sang-e-Takht 101.1 Kejran 109.3

8.1.4 Age Structure

'D\NXQGLKDVD\RXQJSRSXODWLRQDVVKRZQE\LWVSRSXODWLRQS\UDPLG )LJXUH 7KHUHODWLYHO\VPDOO 0–4 age group could be the result of under-coverage of this age group or misreporting of age in the survey. In normal circumstances, this would imply a marked decline in fertility in the recent past.

24 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

+DOIRIWKHSRSXODWLRQRI'D\NXQGL3URYLQFHZDV\RXQJDWWKHWLPHRIWKHVXUYH\7KH²DJHJURXS made up the largest segment at 17.8 percent of the populatoin, followed by those younger than 5 years at 15.9 percent and the 10–14 age group at 15.7 percent as depicted by its population pyramid.

FIGURE 4. Population Pyramid for Daykundi, September 2012

......

A population with a median age below 20 years is considered a young population. Daykundi has a median age of 15 years, which means that in September 2012 half its population was younger and the RWKHUKDOIZHUHROGHUWKDQWKDWDJH1LOLDQG6KDKULVWDQKDGWKHKLJKHVWPHGLDQDJHDW\HDUVZKLOH Kejran had the lowest at 14.

The male and female population of Daykundi Province had the same median age of 15 years. This is true for almost all districts.

TABLE 5. Median Age in Years of the Population by District: Daykundi, September 2012

District Both Sex Male Female Daykundi 15 15 15 1LOL 16 16 16 Shahristan 16 16 16 Ishterlai151515 Khedir 15 15 15 Geti 15 15 15 Miramor151515 Sang-e-Takht 15 15 15 Kejran 14 14 14

25 DAYKUNDI

Populations having 35 percent or more of their population below age 15 are considered young. As shown in Table 6, children under 15 years of age comprised 49.4 percent of the population of Daykundi. At the district level, the proportion of children under 15 years ranged from 45.4 percent to SHUFHQWZLWK1LOLKDYLQJWKHORZHVWSURSRUWLRQDQG.HMUDQWKHKLJKHVW

TABLE 6. Percent Distribution of Population by Age Group, Aged- Child Ratio, and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Age group Aged-Child District Total 0-14 15-64 65 and above Ratio Daykundi 100.0 49.4 47.9 2.7 5.5 1LOL 100.0 45.4 51.3 3.3 7.2 Shahristan 100.0 47.9 49.1 3.1 6.4 Ishterlai 100.0 49.8 47.9 2.4 4.7 Khedir 100.0 50.1 47.2 2.7 5.5 Geti 100.0 49.7 47.2 3.1 6.3 Miramor 100.0 49.4 47.7 2.9 5.9 Sang-e-Takht 100.0 51.1 47.3 1.6 3.2 Kejran 100.0 52.6 45.1 2.3 4.4

Table 6 also shows the proportions of persons aged 15–64 years and of persons aged 65 years or above. The 15–64 age group is commonly considered the working age group, especially in developed countries. In Daykundi Province, the 15–64 age group accounted for 47.9 percent of the total population. At the district level, this proportion ranged from 45.1 percent in Kejran to 51.3 percent in 1LOL

Populations where the elderly (65 years and above) comprise less than 10 percent are considered young populations. The proportion of the 65 years and above age group in Daykundi was 2.7 percent, ranging from 1.6 percent to 3.3 percent in the districts.

The aged-child ratio, or the ratio of persons aged 65 years and above to children under 15 years of age is also shown in Table 6. The ratio for Daykundi Province was 5.5 percent, which means that in 2012 there were about 6 persons aged 65 years and above for every 100 children under 15 years of DJH7KHUDWLRVIRUWKHGLVWULFWVUDQJHGIURPSHUFHQWLQ6DQJH7DNKWWRSHUFHQWLQ1LOL

The age dependency ratio indicates the potential effects of changes in population age structures IRUVRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWDQGLWLVDSRSXODUPHDVXUHWRDQDO\]HDJHFRPSRVLWLRQ)RU international comparison, this ratio is commonly calculated by assuming that the population aged 15–64 years represents the working age group, with young populations having a dependency ratio H[FHHGLQJ

26 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

TABLE 7. Age Dependency Ratios by District: Daykundi, September 2012

Total dependency Child dependency Old-age dependency District ratio ratio ratio Daykundi 108.9 103.2 5.6 1LOL 94.9 88.5 6.4 Shahristan 103.8 97.6 6.2 Ishterlai 108.9 104.0 4.9 Khedir 111.9 106.1 5.8 Geti 112.0 105.3 6.7 Miramor 109.5 103.4 6.1 Sang-E-Takht 111.6 108.2 3.4 Kejran 121.6 116.5 5.2 1RWHV a) Total dependency ratio is the ratio of children 0 to 14 years of age and persons aged 65 years and older to persons 15 to 64 years of age b) Child dependency ratio is the ratio of children 0 to 14 years of age to persons 15 to 64 years of age c) Old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of persons 65 years and over to persons 15 to 64 years of age

Table 7 shows the age dependency ratios for Daykundi Province and its districts. To calculate dependency ratios, the denominator used is the 15–64 or working age group. Daykundi’s young population had a total dependency ratio of 108.9, broken down into a child dependency ratio of 103.2 DQGROGDJHGHSHQGHQF\UDWLRRI7KXVWKHWRWDOGHSHQGHQF\UDWLRUHÁHFWVSULPDULO\WKHFKLOG dependency ratio, not the old-age dependency ratio.

Among the districts, Kejran had the highest child dependency ratio at 116.5 and, consequently, the KLJKHVWWRWDOGHSHQGHQF\UDWLRDW1LOLKDGWKHORZHVWFKLOGGHSHQGHQF\UDWLRDWDQGWKH lowest total dependency ratio at 94.9. Geti had the highest old-age dependency ratio at 6.7.

8.1.5 Marital Status Composition

In the absence of migration and polygamy, the total number of married men in a population equals the total number of married women. These numbers may, however, vary by age group as women customarily marry men older than they are. This custom results in differences between the marital VWDWXVGLVWULEXWLRQVRIPHQDQGZRPHQDW\RXQJDJHV)LJXUHVDQGVXJJHVWWKDWWKLVFXVWRPLV practiced in Daykundi. Among males aged 20–24 years, 35.1 percent were married at the time of survey, while among females in this age group, the corresponding percentage was much higher at 63.4 percent. In the 25–29 age group, nine in ten of women were married, compared to seven in ten RIPHQ,Q1LOLSHUFHQWRIPDOHVDJHG\HDUVZHUHPDUULHGZKLOHSHUFHQWRIZRPHQ aged 20–24 years were married.

27 DAYKUNDI

Figure 5. Percent Distribution of Male Population by Marital Status and Age Group: Daykundi, September 2012

Figure 6. Percent Distribution of Female Population by Marital Status and Age Group: Daykundi, September 2012

The data for the 50–59 age group illustrates the substantial difference in the marital distribution of men and women. Among males in this age group those married accounted for 97.2 percent, while widowers comprised less than 5 percent. In comparison, among women, the married comprised 81.5 percent, while 17.6 percent were widowed.

28 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

Figure 7. Percent Distribution by Marital Status of Males and Females Aged 20-24 and 50-59: Daykundi, September 2012

Figure 8. Percent Distribution by Marital Status of Males and Females Aged 20-24 and 50-59: Nili, September 2012

7DEOHVKRZVWKHPHGLDQDJHDWÀUVWPDUULDJHIRU'D\NXQGLDQGLWVGLVWULFWV7KHVHZHUHHVWLPDWHG indirectly using SDES data on marital status for males and females disaggregated by 5-year age group. The method used is to determine the upper limit of the proportion of the population who are ever-married by locating the age group at which the proportion of the population who are married is DWLWVSHDN7KHPD[LPXPSURSRUWLRQRIPDUULHGLQGLYLGXDOVLVXVXDOO\KLJKHVWDWWKH²DJHUDQJH VLQFHPRVWSHRSOHZKRZLOOHYHUPDUU\DUHPDUULHGE\WKLVDJH+DOIRIWKHPD[LPXPSURSRUWLRQHYHU married is subtracted from 100 to derive the proportion never married which is used in calculating the PHGLDQDJHDWÀUVWPDUULDJHWKURXJKOLQHDULQWHUSRODWLRQ7KHPHGLDQDJHDWÀUVWPDUULDJHUHSUHVHQWV WKHDJHEHORZZKLFKDQGDERYHZKLFKKDOIRIWKHSRSXODWLRQKDVPDUULHGIRUWKHÀUVWWLPH

29 DAYKUNDI

:RPHQPDUU\DWD\RXQJHUDJHWKDQWKHLUPDOHFRXQWHUSDUWVLQ'D\NXQGL3URYLQFH7KHPHGLDQDJH IRUÀUVWPDUULDJHZDV\HDUVIRUZRPHQDQG\HDUVIRUPHQDOPRVWWKHVDPHDVLQ%DPL\DQ Province (20.8 for women and 24.8 for men). Among the districts, Sang-e-Takht had the highest PHGLDQDJHDWÀUVWPDUULDJHIRUERWKZRPHQDQGPHQDW\HDUVDQG\HDUVUHVSHFWLYHO\

0HDQDJHVIRUÀUVWPDUULDJHSUHVHQWHGLQ7DEOHZHUHHVWLPDWHGLQGLUHFWO\E\DSSO\LQJWKHIRUPXOD IRU6LQJXODWH0HDQ$JHDW0DUULDJH 60$0 7KHHVWLPDWHVRIWKHPHDQDJHDWÀUVWPDUULDJHDUH VRPHGHFLPDOSRLQWVKLJKHUWKDQWKHHVWLPDWHVRIPHGLDQDJHDWÀUVWPDUULDJH$YHUDJHDJHDWÀUVW marriage for males in Daykundi in 2012 was 24.6 years, while that for females it was around 21.4 \HDUVDGLIIHUHQFHRI\HDUV$PRQJWKHGLVWULFWV6DQJH7DNKWKDGWKHKLJKHVWPHDQDJHDWÀUVW PDUULDJHIRUPDOHVDWDQGIHPDOHVDW7KLVLVKLJKHUWKDQ%DPL\DQ3URYLQFHIRUERWKZRPHQ and men, at 25.2 and 21.3 respectively.

TABLE 8. Median Age at First Marriage and Mean Age at First Marriage by Sex and District, Daykundi September 2012

Median Age At First Mean Age At First District Marriage Marriage Male Female Male Female Daykundi 24.2 20.9 24.6 21.4 1LOL 24.2 21.0 24.6 21.4 Shahristan 24.5 21.4 24.9 22.0 Ishterlai 25.0 21.4 25.4 21.9 Khedir 24.5 21.0 24.8 21.5 Geti 21.4 19.2 22.5 19.6 Miramor 23.6 20.4 24.2 20.9 Sang-e-Takht 25.5 22.6 26.0 22.8 Kejran 24.0 20.6 24.1 21.1

8.2 LITERACY

7KH8QLWHG1DWLRQVGHÀQHVOLWHUDF\DVWKHDELOLW\WRUHDGDQGZULWHZLWKXQGHUVWDQGLQJDVKRUWVLPSOH VWDWHPHQWLQDQ\ODQJXDJHRQHYHU\GD\OLIH7KH81UHFRPPHQGVWKDWGDWDRQOLWHUDF\EHFROOHFWHG in censuses for persons aged 10 years and older because the ability to read and write requires some years of schooling or time to develop. It will be noted that in censuses, the answers to the cited question on literacy are accepted at face value.

30 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

In the 2012 Daykundi SDES, the question on whether a member of the sample household can read and write, with understanding, a simple sentence in any language was asked for household members DJHG\HDUVDQGDERYH/LWHUDF\UDWHVIRUWKHSRSXODWLRQ\HDUVDQGDERYH\HDUVDERYHDQGIRU the 15–24 age group for Daykundi and its districts are shown in Table 9. Data for the 5–9 age group ZDVH[FOXGHG$FRPSDULVRQRIWKHOLWHUDF\UDWHIRUWKLVDJHJURXSZLWKROGHUDJHJURXSVDQGOLWHUDF\ rates by 5-year age groups for males and females aged 5 years and above for Daykundi and its GLVWULFWVDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUHDQG$SSHQGL[7DEOH

The literacy rate in Daykundi is low. In 2012, the literacy rate for the population aged 10 years and above was 43.6 percent, this means that for every 100 persons in Daykundi who were aged 10 years and above, about 44 were literate. The literacy rate for males was 54.4 percent, almost twice that for females. At the district level, the literacy rate for males aged 10 years and above ranged from 39.5 percent in Kejran to 60.6 percent in Ishterlai. In comparison, the literacy rate for females 10 years and above was lowest in Geti at 20.5 percent and highest in Ishterlai at 38.8 percent. The gaps between PDOHDQGIHPDOHOLWHUDF\UDWHVZHUHZLGH)RUWKHSURYLQFHDVDZKROHIHPDOHVZHUHOLWHUDWHIRU every 100 literate males. Geti, which had the lowest literacy rate for females, also had the lowest IHPDOHPDOHUDWLRZLWKRQO\OLWHUDWHIHPDOHVIRUHYHU\OLWHUDWHPDOHV,VKWHUODLZKLFKKDGWKH KLJKHVWIHPDOHOLWHUDF\UDWHDOVRKDGWKHKLJKHVWIHPDOHPDOHOLWHUDF\UDWLRDWSHUFHQW

The literacy rates shown in Table 9 for the population aged 10 years and above are higher than the literacy rates computed for the population aged 15 years and above as reference population. This suggests an improvement in Daykundi’s literacy especially in the 10–14 age group. The data in this table also illustrates a narrowing gap between male and female literacy rates. At the provincial level, WKHIHPDOHPDOHUDWLRIRUWKHSRSXODWLRQDJHG\HDUVDQGDERYHZDVZKLFKZDVORZHUWKDQWKH ratio of 59 computed based on the literacy rates for the population aged 10 years and above.

The literacy rate for the population aged 15 years and above in 2012 was 36.1 percent, with 49.2 for males and 22.4 for females. The 2012 literacy rates for Daykundi for those aged 15 years and above are higher than the national rates: with the country’s overall literacy rate at 31.4 percent (45.4 for males and 17 percent for females).

Table 9 also shows the literacy rates for men and women in the 15–24 age group, i.e. the youth population. It also shows the ratios between the literacy rates of women and men in this age group. This ratio is one of the indicators of Goal 3 of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG), that is, to SURPRWHJHQGHUHTXDOLW\DQGHPSRZHUZRPHQ$WWKHSURYLQFLDOOHYHOWKHIHPDOHPDOHOLWHUDF\UDWLR IRUWKH²DJHJURXSZDV$PRQJWKLVDJHJURXSDVDZKROHDERXWVL[LQWHQZHUHFRQVLGHUHG literate, including seven in ten of male youths and about one in two of female youths.

31 DAYKUNDI

TABLE 9. Literacy Rates for Males and Females Aged 10 Years and Above, 15 Years and Above and 15-24 Years, and Ratios of Female Literacy Rate to Male Literacy Rate by District: Daykundi, September 2012

10 Years and Above 15 Years and Above 15 -24 Years District Both Female/ Both Female/ Both Female/ Male Female Male Female Male Female Sexes Male Ratio Sexes Male Ratio Sexes Male Ratio Daykundi 43.6 54.4 32.2 59 36.1 49.2 22.4 46 57.3 67.2 46.5 69 1LOL 47.8 58.5 36.8 63 40.8 53.8 27.6 51 69.7 79.2 59.8 76 Shahristan 48.8 60.5 36.4 60 42.4 56.4 27.6 49 66.2 76.5 55.0 72 Ishterlai 50.1 60.6 38.8 64 40.8 53.9 26.5 49 61.7 69.4 52.8 76 Khedir 41.2 51.7 30.3 59 32.6 45.1 19.6 43 56.0 67.1 44.2 66 Geti 32.3 43.9 20.5 47 25.7 38.9 12.5 32 43.6 57.9 29.0 50 Miramor 42.5 52.4 32.0 61 36.3 48.1 23.8 49 55.6 59.4 46.7 79 Sang-e-Takht 48.5 60.1 35.9 60 40.5 55.4 24.3 44 61.0 61.5 50.7 82 Kejran 30.9 39.5 21.3 54 21.3 32.1 9.9 31 34.8 70.3 22.5 32

At the district level, the ratio ranged from 32 literate women aged 15–24 for every 100 literate men in WKHVDPHJURXSLQ.HMUDQWRLQ6DQJH7DNKW1LOLKDGWKHKLJKHVWUHFRUGHGOLWHUDF\UDWHVIRUERWK males and females in this age group at 79.2 percent and 59.8 percent respectively. Shahristan had the second highest male literacy rate at 76.5 percent. Kejran had the lowest literacy rate for female youth at 22.5 percent, and Geti for male youth at 57.9 percent.

Figure 9. Literacy Rate by Age Group and Sex: Daykundi, September 2012

32 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

7KHUHFHQWLPSURYHPHQWLQ'D\NXQGL·VOLWHUDF\UDWHLVDSSDUHQWIURP)LJXUH/LWHUDF\UDWHVIRU WKH²DQG²DJHJURXSVDUHVLJQLÀFDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQRWKHUDJHJURXSVIRUERWKPDOHVDQG females. The literacy rates for males and females in the 20-24 age group are lower than those for the 10-14 and 15-19 age groups but noticeably higher than the rates for the older age groups. Older groups largely had similar rates, suggesting that there was no improvement in the population’s literacy for three decades or so. This higher literacy rate amongst the school age population suggests recent improvement in educational systems and higher school participation.

8.3 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Educational attainment is the highest level of education completed by an individual, and is usually measured for the population aged 25 years and above, by which age most people have normally completed their years of schooling. Tables 10–12 present the highest grade or class, or level of education completed by the entire population aged 25 years and above, and by males and females respectively in this age group.

Table 10. Percent Distribution of Total Population (Both Sexes) 25 Years and Above, by Highest Class Completed and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Vocational and Province/District Total No Schooling Classes 1-6 Classes 7-9 Classes 10-12 Higher Education Daykundi 100.0 88.5 3.2 4.1 3.5 0.7 1LOL 100.0 85.7 4.0 4.4 4.7 1.3 Shahristan 100.0 85.1 3.9 4.8 4.5 1.6 Ishterlai 100.0 88.6 3.8 4.2 3.2 0.3 Khedir 100.0 89.4 3.2 3.4 3.7 0.3 Geti 100.0 92.3 2.6 3.0 1.7 0.3 Miramor 100.0 88.6 2.5 4.6 3.5 0.8 Sang-e-Takht 100.0 87.5 3.5 4.9 3.8 0.3 Kejran 100.0 92.1 1.7 2.5 3.4 0.3

Table 10 shows that about nine in ten Daykundi residents aged 25 years and above had not attended VFKRRO SHUFHQW RUKDGDWWHQGHGEXWKDGQRWFRPSOHWHGWKHÀUVWFODVVDWWKHWLPHRIWKHVXUYH\ Table 11 shows that the percentage for males was 81.3 percent. Men in Geti, Kejran, Sang-e-Takht and Miramor were generally less educated than men in other districts, with nine in ten men without schooling or had not completed any class.

33 DAYKUNDI

TABLE 11. Percent Distribution of Male Population 25 Years and Above, by Highest Class Completed and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Vocational and Province/District Total No Schooling Classes 1-6 Classes 7-9 Classes 10-12 Higher Education Daykundi 100.0 81.3 5.1 6.8 5.7 1.2 1LOL 100.0 76.6 6.4 7.1 7.7 2.3 Shahristan 100.0 76.3 6.1 7.9 7.1 2.6 Ishterlai 100.0 81.9 6.0 6.7 4.9 0.5 Khedir 100.0 82.2 5.2 5.7 6.4 0.5 Geti 100.0 98.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.1 Miramor 100.0 94.5 1.2 2.0 2.0 0.2 Sang-e-Takht 100.0 95.9 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.1 Kejran 100.0 98.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.1

Those who attended Classes 10–12 or received vocational or higher education comprised a very low SHUFHQWDJH SHUFHQW $PRQJPHQDJHG\HDUVRUROGHULQ1LOLWKH3URYLQFLDO&HQWHUSHUFHQW had attained or completed Classes 10–12 or vocational or higher education. This was followed by Shahristan (9.7 percent), Khedir (6.9 percent) and Ishterlai (5.4 percent), while the remaining districts KDGUDWHVEHORZSHUFHQW:RPHQLQ'D\NXQGLZHUHHYHQOHVVOLNHO\WRKDYHJRQHWRVFKRRODQG 95.8 percent had not completed any class (Table 12).

TABLE 12. Percent Distribution of Female Population 25 Years and Above, by Highest Class Completed and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Vocational and Province/District Total No Schooling Classes 1-6 Classes 7-9 Classes 10-12 Higher Education Daykundi 100.0 95.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 0.2 1LOL 100.0 94.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 0.3 Shahristan 100.0 94.3 1.7 1.6 1.9 0.4 Ishterlai 100.0 95.5 1.5 1.6 1.3 0.0 Khedir 100.0 96.8 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.1 Geti 100.0 98.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.1 Miramor 100.0 94.5 1.2 2.0 2.0 0.2 Sang-e-Takht 100.0 95.9 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.1 Kejran 100.0 98.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.1

34 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

1HWDWWHQGDQFHUDWLRVIRUSULPDU\ &ODVVHV² VHFRQGDU\ &ODVVHV² DQGKLJKVFKRRO &ODVVHV² DUHSUHVHQWHGLQ7DEOH7KHVHDUHWKHUDWLRVRIFKLOGUHQRIRIÀFLDOVFKRRODJHV (7–12 for primary, 13–15 for secondary and 16–18 for high school) who, at the time of the survey, were attending the appropriate level of school compared to the total number of children in these age groups. An estimated 82,000 children aged 7–12 years in Daykundi were attending primary school, 22,000 aged 13–15 years were attending secondary school, and some 16,000 aged 16– 18 years were attending high school. These numbers translate into net attendance ratios of 63.7 percent for primary school, 44.4 percent for secondary school, and 30.8 percent for high school. The net primary attendance rate for Daykundi was higher than the national rate of 56.8 percent.

The net attendance ratios for boys for all levels of education are higher than for girls and the ratio of girls to boys declines with the rise in level of education. In Daykundi, for every 100 boys aged 7–12 years attending primary school, 93 girls of the same age were at the same level. In high school the ratio was much lower, with only 73 girls aged 16-18 who were attending high school per 100 boys of the same age attending the same level of education.

Khedir recorded the highest female to male net primary attendance, but also registered a lower net attendance ratio for high school at 55.7 percent.

TABLE 13. Net Attendance Ratios by Sex and Ratios of Female Net Attendance Ratio to Male Attendance Ratio, by Level of Education and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Attending Primary (Age 7-12 ) Attending Secondary (Age 13-15) Attending High School (16-18) District Both Female/ Both Female/ Both Female/ Male Female Male Female Male Female Sexes Male Ratio Sexes Male Ratio Sexes Male Ratio Daykundi 63.7 65.7 61.4 93.4 44.4 47.9 40.8 85.2 30.8 35.4 25.8 72.9 1LOL 63.2 64.8 61.4 94.8 55.3 57.1 53.7 94.0 38.8 43.9 33.6 76.5 Shahristan 60.1 62.9 57.1 90.8 48.8 53.8 43.7 81.2 38.0 42.3 33.3 78.8 Ishterlai 67.9 69.2 66.5 96.1 47.5 50.9 44.0 86.4 31.3 34.6 27.6 79.7 Khedir 69.5 70.1 69.0 98.4 46.3 52.1 40.8 78.3 34.1 43.4 24.2 55.7 Geti 59.8 63.7 55.7 87.4 38.3 43.2 32.7 75.6 19.3 25.6 13.1 51.0 Miramor 60.0 62.2 57.8 92.9 41.3 45.0 37.4 83.1 28.9 30.0 27.6 92.0 Sang-e- 69.8 72.2 67.2 93.1 44.5 46.5 42.3 91.0 33.3 38.5 27.5 71.4 Takht Kejran 60.6 61.7 59.1 95.8 31.1 32.2 29.5 91.4 16.8 23.6 8.4 35.7

35 DAYKUNDI

)LJXUHVDQGVKRZWKDWVRPHUHVLGHQWVRI'D\NXQGLDJHG²\HDUV PDOHVDQG 62,000 females) were not attending school at the time of the survey. The large majority of this out of school population had not completed a single class including 82.5 percent of males and 90.1 percent of females. Kejran had the highest proportion (93.4 percent) of the population aged 7–24 who were not attending school and had never attended school or completed a single class, and amongst Kejran females the proportion was 97.9 percent.

Figure 10. Percent Distribution of Male Population Aged 7 to 24 Who Were Not Attending School at the Time of the Survey by Highest Class Completed and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Figure 11. Percent Distribution of Female Population Aged 7 to 24 Who Were Not Attending School at the Time of the Survey by Highest Class Completed and District: Daykundi, September 2012

36 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

8.4 MIGRATION

Some 85,000 residents of Daykundi, comprising 13.9 percent of the total population of the province, KDGUHVLGHGHOVHZKHUHIRUDWOHDVWVL[PRQWKVWKDWLVLQDQRWKHUGLVWULFWZLWKLQ'D\NXQGLLQDQRWKHU province of Afghanistan, or abroad. The corresponding proportion among the male population (23.4 percent) was higher than among the female population (3.9 percent). Geti District had the largest SURSRUWLRQRIWKHVHLQPLJUDQWV )LJXUH 

Figure 12. Proportion of the Population Who Have Previously Resided for Six Months or More in a Place Other Than Their Residence at Time of the Survey, by Sex and District: Daykundi, September 2012

)LJXUHDVKRZVWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHSRSXODWLRQRI'D\NXQGLZKRKDYHUHVLGHGLQDSODFHRWKHU than their district or city of residence at the time of the 2012 SDES, by previous residence. Almost QLQHLQWHQ SHUFHQW RIWKHVHFDPHIURPDEURDG.DEXO SHUFHQW +HUDW SHUFHQW DQG Ghazni (0.7 percent) followed as areas of origin and 2.8 percent came from other provinces. Those who had resided in another district within Daykundi comprised only 0.8 percent.

Most of these in-migrants were return migrants; as Table 15 reveals, almost of those surveyed were born in Daykundi even if they had resided elsewhere.

)LJXUHEVKRZVWKDWSHRSOHFRPLQJIURPDEURDGZDVWKHOHDGLQJSODFHRIRULJLQRIWKHLQPLJUDQWV RI1LOL'LVWULFW)RXULQÀYHLQPLJUDQWVRIWKLVGLVWULFWFDPHIURPDEURDG7KRVHZKRFDPHIURP .DEXOFRPSULVHGWKHVHFRQGODUJHVWSURSRUWLRQ SHUFHQW IROORZHGE\+HUDW SHUFHQW 

)RUDOOGLVWULFWVWKHODUJHVWSURSRUWLRQRIWKHLQPLJUDQWSRSXODWLRQFDPHIURPDEURDG ,QGLVWULFWVH[FHSW6DQJH7DNKWDWOHDVWSHUFHQWRILQPLJUDQWVKDGOLYHGDEURDG 7DEOH ,Q 6DQJH7DNKWSHUFHQWRILQPLJUDQWVSRSXODWLRQKDGUHVLGHGSUHYLRXVO\LQ+HUDW

37 DAYKUNDI

Figure 13a. Population Who Have Resided for Six Months or More in a Place Other Than Their Residence by Previous Residence: Daykundi, September 2012

Figure 13b. Population Who Have Resided for Six Months or More in a Place Other Than Their Residence: Nili, September 2012

. . . . .

.

The overwhelming majority of current residents of Daykundi (99.5 percent) were born in this province. ([FHSWLQ,VKWHUODL'LVWULFWOHVVWKDQSHUFHQWRIUHVLGHQWVZHUHERUQRXWVLGH'D\NXQGL

38 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

TABLE 14. Proportion of Population Who Resided for Six Months or More in a Place other Than Their Residence at Time of Survey, by Previous Province of Residence, Sex and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Previous Residence Residence at the Time Population who Resided in Other of Survey (District)/Sex Another Place (00) Kabul Daykundi Herat Ghazni Abroad Provinces Daykundi %RWK6H[HV 824 4.3 0.8 3.8 0.7 2.6 87.9 Male 720 3.7 0.7 3.0 0.6 2.3 89.7 )HPDOH 104 8.2 1.4 8.9 1.7 3.0 76.8 1LOL %RWK6H[HV 71 3.9 1.7 3.1 0.1 2.2 88.9 Male 61 3.5 1.0 2.6 0.1 1.9 90.9 )HPDOH 11 6.2 5.2 6.0 0.2 3.3 79.1 Shahristan %RWK6H[HV 126 5.0 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.8 90.7 Male 113 3.9 0.5 0.9 0.5 1.5 92.5 )HPDOH 13 14.7 1.4 2.5 3.0 2.0 76.1 Ishterlai %RWK6H[HV 133 7.8 0.4 6.1 0.2 2.6 82.9 Male 108 7.0 0.4 5.1 0.2 2.8 84.6 )HPDOH 24 11.8 0.4 11.0 0.3 5.5 71.0 Khedir %RWK6H[HV 72 3.3 0.4 8.3 0.1 1.7 86.2 Male 64 3.2 0.4 6.5 0.1 1.8 87.9 )HPDOH 83.70.321.90.00.174.0 Geti %RWK6H[HV 139 2.7 0.6 2.2 0.0 1.6 92.9 Male 125 2.5 0.5 1.9 0.0 1.4 93.7 )HPDOH 14 4.6 1.5 4.8 0.0 3.0 86.1 Miramor %RWK6H[HV 177 3.1 0.6 0.5 2.4 0.9 92.5 Male 157 2.6 0.6 0.4 1.8 0.8 93.8 )HPDOH 20 7.0 0.5 1.3 6.6 1.4 83.2 Sang-e-Takht %RWK6H[HV 69 5.3 2.3 12.4 0.5 6.2 73.4 Male 58 5.1 2.3 10.1 0.6 5.5 76.2 )HPDOH 11 6.3 1.9 24.7 0.0 7.3 59.7 Kejran %RWK6H[HV 37 1.2 0.3 2.0 0.0 10.0 86.5 Male 34 1.2 0.3 1.7 0.0 8.2 88.5 )HPDOH 30.80.05.70.032.261.4

39 DAYKUNDI

TABLE 15. Percent Distribution of the Population by Province of Birth and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Province of Birth District Daykundi Kabul Herat Other Provinces Daykundi 99.5 0.02 0.03 0.5 1LOL 99.1 0.03 0.02 0.9 Shahristan 99.8 0.02 0.00 0.2 Ishterlai 98.8 0.07 0.08 1.0 Khedir 99.5 0.01 0.06 0.5 Geti 99.6 0.00 0.01 0.4 Miramor 99.7 0.02 0.02 0.3 Sang-e-Takht 99.4 0.02 0.04 0.5 Kejran 99.9 0.00 0.00 0.1

Table 16 presents data on the length of stay in the district of residence at the time of survey for in- migrants. Of these, 17.7 percent had been residing in Daykundi for less than one year and 36.9 percent had lived in Daykundi for 1–3 years. Another 17.6 percent had resided in the province for 4–9 years, and 12.9 percent had been here 10–19 years, while only 4.5 percent had been living in Daykundi for 20 years or more.

,Q1LOLZKHUHSHUFHQWZHUHLQPLJUDQWVWKHSURSRUWLRQVZLWKDOHQJWK\VWD\ZHUHKLJKHUWKDQWKH ÀJXUHVIRUWKHSURYLQFHSHUFHQWKDGEHHQUHVLGLQJLQ1LOLIRU²\HDUVDQGSHUFHQWIRU² years. Two in three in-migrants in Geti District, were recent movers with those residing in Geti for less than a year making up 24.7 percent, and those residing for 1–3 years accounting for 41.3 percent.

TABLE 16. Percent Distribution of Population Who Have Lived in Another District, Province or Country for at least 6 Months, by Duration of Stay in Residence at the Time of Survey and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Duration of Stay in Current District of Residence District Total Less than 20 years or Not 1-3 years 4-6 years 7-9 years 10-19 years one year more Reported Daykundi 100.0 17.7 36.9 17.6 10.3 12.9 4.5 0.2 1LOL 100.0 14.5 30.3 14.1 14.8 20.8 5.4 0.1 Shahristan 100.0 9.6 39.5 20.4 10.9 13.9 5.5 0.2 Ishterlai 100.0 18.4 33.3 20.7 11.8 12.1 3.7 0.1 Khedir 100.0 20.8 36.4 15.2 8.9 12.9 5.9 0.0 Geti 100.0 24.7 41.3 11.2 7.0 11.6 4.0 0.3 Miramor 100.0 17.6 36.4 21.0 9.9 10.9 4.1 0.2 Sang-e-Takht 100.0 19.2 33.0 17.5 11.9 13.2 5.0 0.2 Kejran 100.0 13.5 48.5 16.7 7.7 10.2 3.4 0.0

1LQHLQWHQRISRSXODWLRQKDGEHHQUHVLGHQWVLQWKHLUFXUUHQWGLVWULFWRIUHVLGHQFHGXULQJ1DZUR] Some 0.8 percent was in other districts, 0.8 percent in other provinces, and 3.4 percent in other countries (Table 17).

40 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

TABLE 17. Percent Distribution of In-Migrants by Residence in Nawroz 1390 and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Residence in Nawroz 1390 Province/ District Same city/ Other city/ district Total Other province Other country district same province Daykundi 100.0 95.8 0.8 0.8 3.4 Nili 100.0 96.2 0.7 0.7 2.9 Shahristan 100.0 97.6 0.4 0.4 2.0 Ishterlai 100.0 95.3 1.3 1.3 3.3 Khedir 100.0 95.5 1.2 1.2 3.3 Geti 100.0 92.0 0.8 0.8 7.1 Miramor 100.0 95.4 0.6 0.6 4.0 Sang-e-Takht 100.0 97.2 1.2 1.2 1.5 Kejran 100.0 97.9 0.3 0.3 1.8

8.5 EMPLOYMENT

8.5.1 Employment of 15 Years Old and Over

Among the population aged 15 years or older, 35.2 percent reported to have some work or to have engaged in an economic activity at anytime during the 12 months prior to the survey. Most (90.2 percent) worked for more than six months. Among those who worked for less than six months, 65.7 reported that they were available for work but not actively seeking it at the time of the survey. In addition, among those who did not work at all during the previous 12 months, 11.2 percent were seeking work while 9.5 percent reported being available but not seeking work.

Figure 14. Population 15 Years Old and Over by Whether Working or Not, Number of Months Worked and Whether Seeking or Available for Work or Not: Daykundi, September 2012

Total population aged 15 years old or older (%100 )

Not working Working (%64.8 ) (%35.2 )

Actively Available Not seeking Worked six Worked less seeking for but not for work months or more than six months work seeking for (%79.0 ) (%90.2 ) (%9.8 ) (%11.2 ) work (%9.5 ) Seeking Available but not Not seeking for work seeking for work for work (%65.7 ) (%14.3 ) (19.8% )

41 DAYKUNDI

)LJXUHVKRZVWKDWDPRQJWKHPDOHSRSXODWLRQDJHG\HDUVDQGROGHUWKHSHUFHQWDJHZKRKDG some work during the reference year was much higher than among their female counterpart (64.5 SHUFHQWDQGSHUFHQWUHVSHFWLYHO\ DQGWKLVSDWWHUQZDVPDLQWDLQHGLQDOOGLVWULFWV)RUPDOHVWKH highest percentage was for Geti at 71.7 percent, while for females, it was for Ishterlai at 7.8 percent. The lowest percentage for males was reported for Miramor (56.9 percent) and for females, Kejran (2.6 percent).

Figure 15. Percentage of Population Aged 15 Years and Older Who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey, by Sex and District: Daykundi, September 2012

The majority of those who performed some work during the 12 months prior to survey had worked 6 PRQWKVRUPRUH)RUWKLVUHSRUWSHUVRQVZKRKDGZRUNHGPRQWKVRUPRUHGXULQJWKHUHIHUHQFH year are considered as the usually economically active population. The economically active comprised 31.7 percent of Daykundi’s population aged 15 years and older with the lowest rate in 0LUDPRUDWSHUFHQWDQGWKHRWKHUGLVWULFWVYDU\LQJIURPSHUFHQWWRSHUFHQW )LJXUH 

Figure 16. Percent Distribution of Population Who Were Economically Active in the 12 Months Prior to Survey by District: Daykundi, September 2012

42 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

)LJXUHVKRZVWKHSURSRUWLRQRIWKHXVXDOO\HFRQRPLFDOO\DFWLYHSRSXODWLRQWKDWLVWKRVHZKR worked 6 months or more, the proportion of those who worked less than 6 months, and the proportion of those who did not work during the 12 months prior to the survey, among the population aged 15 \HDUVDQGROGHUE\ÀYH\HDUDJHJURXS

$VPD\EHH[SHFWHGWKHSURSRUWLRQRISHUVRQVZKRGLGQRWZRUNGXULQJWKHUHIHUHQFHSHULRG was highest in the 15–19 age group (84.1 percent), and was higher for the 65 years old and over (72.2 percent) and 20–24 age group (66.8 percent) than in the 25–64 age group. Conversely, the proportion of the usually economically active population was lower for these age groups (29.6 percent for the 20–24 age group and 25.8 percent for the 65 years old and over age group) than the 25–64 DJHJURXS )LJXUH 

. Figure 17. Population Aged 15 Years and Older, the Percentage of Who Worked in the Year Prior to Survey by Number of Months Worked, and Percentage Who Did Not Work, by Age Group: Daykundi, September 2012

43 DAYKUNDI

Some 200,000 people aged 15 years and older, comprising 64.8 percent of that age group in Daykundi Province, reported having no work at all in the 12 months prior to the survey. Of these, 20.8 percent were either available for work and had actively sought work or were available for work but had not sought work for various reasons including awaiting the result of a previous job application, WHPSRUDU\LOOQHVVRUEHOLHYHGWKDWWKHUHZDVQRZRUNIRUWKHP)RUWKHSXUSRVHRIWKLVUHSRUWVXFK persons are considered ‘unemployed’. The remaining 79 percent were not available for work and did QRWVHHNZRUNDQGWKHUHIRUHDUHFRQVLGHUHGDVQRWLQWKHODERXUIRUFH )LJXUH 

Figure 18. Percent Distribution of Population Aged 15 Years and Older Who Did Not Work in the Year Prior to Survey, by Whether Available for Work or Not and District: Daykundi, September 2012

)LJXUHVKRZVWKHXQHPSOR\HGWRSRSXODWLRQUDWLRRUWKHSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHSRSXODWLRQDJHG \HDUVDQGROGHUZKRZHUHXQHPSOR\HGE\VH[,Q'D\NXQGL3URYLQFHIRUHYHU\SHUVRQVDJHG years and older, 14 were unemployed. The ratio was higher for females than for males: 21 females ZHUHXQHPSOR\HGIRUHYHU\IHPDOHVLQWKLVDJHJURXSZKLOHWKHUHZHUHRQO\VL[XQHPSOR\HG males for every 100. At the district level, the unemployed-to-population ratio for males varied from 3 SHUFHQWLQ6KDKULVWDQWRSHUFHQWLQ0LUDPRU)RUIHPDOHVLWYDULHGIURPSHUFHQWLQ6KDKULVWDQ WRSHUFHQWLQ.HMUDQ6KDKULVWDQKDGWKHORZHVWSURSRUWLRQRIXQHPSOR\HGSHUVRQVRIERWKVH[HV at 4.3 percent.

44 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

Figure 19. Percentage of the Population 15 Years Old and Over Who Were Unemployed, by Sex and District: Daykundi, September 2012

The data in Table 18 show some association between literacy and employment when the latter is measured by the proportion of the population aged 15 years and older who had some work in the PRQWKVSULRUWRVXUYH\UHJDUGOHVVRIWKHQXPEHURIPRQWKVZRUNHG/LWHUDWHSHUVRQVZHUHPRUH likely to engage in economic activity than those who were illiterate. The data in Table 18 supports this REVHUYDWLRQIRUÀYHGLVWULFWVEXWWKHRSSRVLWHLVWUXHIRU6KDKULVWDQ.KHGLUDQG.HMUDQ

Table 18 also reveals an association between literacy and unemployment. Kejran had the highest difference between illiterate and literate unemployed persons at 12.7 percentage points, followed by Miramor with 11 percentage points. Shahristan had the smallest difference at 2 percentage points.

TABLE 18. Percentage of Population Aged 15 Years and Older who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey and Who Were Unemployed, by Literacy Status and District: Daykundi, September 2012

Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey Unemployed District Total Literate Illiterate Total Literate Illiterate Daykundi 35.2 36.9 34.2 13.5 9.0 16.0 1LOL 33.0 34.8 31.8 18.0 16.4 19.1 Shahristan 32.1 31.7 32.4 4.3 3.1 5.1 Ishterlai 39.4 42.4 37.4 7.9 5.6 9.5 Khedir 35.1 32.0 36.7 13.6 6.7 17.0 Geti 37.4 43.0 35.5 13.8 8.4 15.7 Miramor 31.0 33.1 29.7 21.2 14.2 25.2 Sang-e-Takht 38.7 43.2 35.6 15.2 11.8 17.5 Kejran 37.6 37.1 37.7 17.9 7.9 20.6 1RWHV Population aged 15 years and older who worked in the 12 months prior to survey includes those who worked less than 6 months. Population aged 15 years and older who did not work in the 12 months prior to survey but were available for work are considered unemployed.

45 DAYKUNDI

In general the proportion of those who engaged in some economic activity during the previous year was lowest amongst those who had reached high school and highest among those who had QRVFKRROLQJ)LJXUHVKRZVWKDWDPRQJPDOHVWKLVSURSRUWLRQZDVKLJKHVWIRUWKRVHZLWKQR schooling, at 80.4 percent, while for those who had reached high school 28.4 percent had some work. Among males who had gone to university or attained a higher level of education, those with work made up 36.4 percent. Among females, the pattern was different: those who had attained university- level of education formed the highest percentage with a job (30.2 percent).

The proportion of unemployed persons during the 12 months prior to the survey was highest for those with no schooling (15.1 percent) and those who had attended primary school (10.3 percent). The proportion of the unemployed among the male population was highest for those who had attended high school (7.6 percent) and was lowest among males with no schooling (5.9 percent). Among females, the percentage unemployed varied from 2.6 percent for those who had reached university level to 22.8 percent for those with no schooling.

,Q1LOLWKUHHLQÀYHRIWKHSRSXODWLRQDJHG\HDUVDQGROGHUZKRKDGUHDFKHGXQLYHUVLW\GLGVRPH work during the reference period, followed by Kejran (61.2 percent). Kejran also had the highest proportion (37.4 percent) of those who had worked during the reference year among those who had completed at most high school. Ishterlai had the highest percentage of those with no schooling who were reported as having an economic activity in the year prior to the survey (43.8 percent).

Figure 20. Percentage of the Population Who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey and Percentage Who Were Unemployed, by Highest Class Completed and Sex: Daykundi, September 2012

46 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

Figure 21. Percentage of the Population Aged 15 Years and Older Who Worked in 12 Months Prior to Survey, by Highest Class Completed and District: Daykundi, September 2012

)LJXUHVKRZVWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRI'D\NXQGL·VSRSXODWLRQDJHG\HDUVDQGROGHUE\VH[ZKRZRUNHG at any time during the 12 months prior to the survey by major group of occupation. The occupation FDWHJRULHVXVHGLQWKLVUHSRUWDUHEDVHGRQWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WDQGDUG2FFXSDWLRQ&ODVVLÀFDWLRQ ,62& 

Figure 22. Percentage Distribution of the Population Aged 15 Years and Older Who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey, by Occupation and Sex: Daykundi, September 2012

$JULFXOWXUDOIRUHVWU\DQGÀVKHU\ZRUNHUVDFFRXQWHGIRUWKHODUJHVWSURSRUWLRQRIZRUNHUVLQ'D\NXQGL 3URYLQFHDWSHUFHQWLQFOXGLQJSHUFHQWRIPDOHVDQGSHUFHQWRIIHPDOHV)HPDOHZRUNHUV who were engaged in craft and related trade workers, such as manufacturing workers, also comprised DVLJQLÀFDQWSURSRUWLRQDWSHUFHQWRIIHPDOHZRUNHUVLQ'D\NXQGL

47 DAYKUNDI

3URIHVVLRQDOVJRYHUQPHQWRIÀFLDOVPDQDJHUVWHFKQLFLDQVDQGFOHULFDOZRUNHUVFRPSULVHGDORZ percentage of male workers (3.3 percent) than of female workers (9.2 percent).

$JULFXOWXUDOIRUHVWU\DQGÀVKHU\ZRUNHUVDOVRFRPSULVHGWKHODUJHVWJURXSRIZRUNHUVLQDOOGLVWULFWV )LJXUH DWSHUFHQWLQ1LOLDQGUDQJLQJIURPWRSHUFHQW LQ0LUDPRU LQWKHRWKHU districts.

Figure 23. Percentage Distribution of the Population Aged 15 Years and Older Who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey, by Occupation and District: Daykundi, September 2012

)LJXUHVKRZVWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRI'D\NXQGL·VSRSXODWLRQDJHG\HDUVDQGROGHUZKRZRUNHG DWDQ\WLPHGXULQJWKHPRQWKVSULRUWRVXUYH\E\VH[DQGPDMRULQGXVWU\JURXS7KHLQGXVWU\ FDWHJRULHVXVHGLQWKLVUHSRUWDUHEDVHGRQWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WDQGDUG,QGXVWULDO&ODVVLÀFDWLRQ ,6,& 

$PRQJ'D\NXQGL·VZRUNHUVSHUFHQWZRUNHGLQDJULFXOWXUHKXQWLQJIRUHVWU\DQGÀVKLQJLQFOXGLQJ SHUFHQWRIPDOHV$QRWKHUSHUFHQWRIPDOHVZKRZRUNHGLQÀQDQFHLQVXUDQFHUHDOHVWDWH and business services, 6.7 percent in community, social and personal services, 3.6 percent in wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; manufacturing; and the remaining 0.2 percent in other industries such as construction, transport and communication, mining and quarrying, and electricity, gas and water.

Among female workers, 43.1 percent worked in agriculture, 37.6 percent in manufacturing, 15.6 SHUFHQWLQFRPPXQLW\VRFLDODQGSHUVRQDOVHUYLFHVSHUFHQWLQÀQDQFLQJLQVXUDQFHUHDOHVWDWHDQG business services, and the remaining 0.7 percent in other industries.

48 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY

Figure 24. Percentage Distribution of the Population Aged 15 Years and Older Who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey, by Industry and Sex: Daykundi, September 2012

,Q1LOLZRUNHUVLQDJULFXOWXUHKXQWLQJIRUHVWU\DQGÀVKLQJPDGHXSSHUFHQWRIWKRVHZKRZRUNHG at anytime during the reference year and in other districts ranged from 62.9 percent to 73.2 percent LQ.KHGLU1LOLKDGWKHKLJKHVWSHUFHQWDJHRIZRUNHUVLQÀQDQFHLQVXUDQFHUHDOHVWDWHDQGEXVLQHVV VHUYLFHVZLWKRQHLQÀYHRILWVZRUNHUVUHSRUWLQJDMRELQWKDWLQGXVWU\GXULQJWKHUHIHUHQFH\HDU )LJXUH 25).

Figure 25. Percentage Distribution of the Population Aged 15 Years and Older Who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey, by Industry and District: Daykundi, September 2012

49 DAYKUNDI

)LJXUHVKRZVWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHSRSXODWLRQDJHG\HDUVDQGROGHULQ'D\NXQGLZKRZHUHHQJDJHGLQ HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\LQWKHPRQWKVSULRUWRVXUYH\E\VWDWXVRIHPSOR\PHQWDQGE\VH[/HVVWKDQRQHSHUFHQW were employers during the reference year while 41.3 percent were employees. The self-employed comprised 52.3 percent, and family workers 6 percent.

Among male workers less than one percent worked as employers while 41.5 percent were employees. The self-employed among male workers comprised 52.9 percent, and family workers, 5.2 percent. $URXQGRQHLQHYHU\ÀYHIHPDOHZRUNHUVZDVDIDPLO\ZRUNHU)HZHUIHPDOHVWKDQPDOHVZHUHHPSOR\HHV (39.3 percent) and self-employed (42.3 percent).

Figure 26. Percentage Distribution of the Population Aged 15 Years and Older Who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey, by Status of Employment and Sex: Daykundi, September 2012

Figure 27. Percentage Distribution of the Population Aged 15 Years and Older Who Worked in the 12 Months Prior to Survey, by Status of Employment and District: Daykundi, September 2012

50