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Rekonfiguracija Mreže Sa Vetroelektranom

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Rekonfiguracija Mreže Sa Vetroelektranom INFOTEH-JAHORINA Vol. 14, March 2015. Rekonfiguracija mreže sa vetroelektranom Ana Janković Miloš Anđelković Miroslav Stanković Elektrotehnički fakultet u Beogradu Elektrotehnički fakultet u Beogradu Elektronski fakultet Niš Elektrotehnički institut Nikola Tesla Elektrotehnički institut Nikola Tesla Elektrotehnički institut Nikola Tesla Beograd, Srbija Beograd, Srbija Beograd, Srbija [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Sadržaj—U radu je predstavljena rekonfiguraciju mreže pogona Kada se analizira 35 kV mreža uočava se nekoliko visoko Nova Varoš. Izbor optimalnog uklopnog stanja treba realizovati opterećenih vodova, a poseban problem predstavljaju radijalno na dva načina: rekonfiguracijom mreže metodom sa napojene TS. Kada je u pitanju pogon Nova Varoš treba pojedinačnim razmatranjem kontura i rekonfiguracijom mreže svakako ukazati na problem radijalnog napajanja TS 35/10 kV metodom sa postupnim otvaranjem kontura. Izvršiće se Zlatar i TS 35/10 kV Kokin Brod čiji konzum kompletno poređenje rezultata dva načina rekonfiguracije mreže, i za svaku podleže redukciji u slučaju havarija na napojnim 35 kV promenu uklopnog stanja daće se pregled efekata na gubitke za vodovima. oba formirana uklopna stanja i uticaj vetroelektrane. Uradiće se analiza funkcionisanja mreže u režimu maksimalnog opterećenja U okviru mreže pogona Nova Varoš funkcioniše i sa minimalnim angažovanjem vetroelektrane i maksimalno vetroelektrana, tip Vestas V100 1, 8MW. opterećene mreže sa maksimalnim angažovanjem vetroelektrane imajući u vidu ograničenja koja nameće ovaj režim. Potrebno je naglasiti da ova vetroelektrana zapravo ne postoji, kao i da je veštački napravljeno loše početno uklopno Ključne riječi-rekonfiguracija; vetroelektrana; distributivna stanje u mreži da bi se našlo najbolje uklopno stanje mreže sa mreža vetroelektranom i pokazao uticaj vetroelektrane na rekonfiguraciju mreže. I. ANALIZA RADA MREŽE NA PODRUČJU OGRANKA UŽICE II. TEHNIČKA OGRANIČENJA I KRITERIJUMI U sastavu ogranka Užice nalazi se ukupno 9 pogona: Bajina Bašta, Čajetina, Nova Varoš, Požega, Priboj, Prijepolje, Užice, Tehnička ograničenja koja svaka varijanta razvoja mreže Arilje i Kosjerić. Najveći deo snage za područje ovog ogranka mora da zadovolji proizilaze iz zahteva prema EES-u da se plasira se iz pravca TS 220/110/35 kV Požega: vezom kupcima mora obezbediti kvalitetno napajanje električnom TS 220/110/35 kV Požega - TS 110/35 kV Arilje plasira se energijom, pri čemu taj kvalitet podrazumeva napajanje kupaca snaga za potrebe TS 110/35 kV Arilje, ali i deo snage se dalje naponom u određenim granicama i određenu sigurnost plasira u pravcu TS 110/35 kV Ivanjica; zatim vodovima napajanja kupaca, koja bi trebalo da podrazumeva ili TS 220/110/35 kV Požega - TS 110/35 kV Sevojno i dozvoljeni period bez napajanja kupaca tokom godine i TS 220/110/35 kV Požega - TS 110/35 kV Užice (Pora) plasira dozvoljeni broj prekida napajanja ili (i) određene sume novca se kompletna snaga za potrebe pogona Užice, ali i značajan deo koje bi distributivno preduzeće trebalo da isplati kupcu u snage koji se dalje plasira u pravcu TS 110/35 kV Sušica slučaju da se ugroze unapred dogovoreni uslovi preuzimanja (vezom Sevojno - Sušica), odnosno u pravcu TS 110/35 kV električne energije. Pri tome elementi mreže moraju da budu Kosjerić (vezom Sevojno - Kosjerić). Može se, dakle, s pravom opterećeni u unapred definisanim granicama da ne bi došlo do reći da 110 kV mreža na ovom području ima njihovog prekomernog zagrevanja koje može da prouzrokuje prenosno distributivni karakter. Tome svakako ide u prilog i ubrzano starenje ili kvar. Ograničenja koja se poštuju: činjenica da se snaga za potrebe TS 110/35 kV Nova Varoš Termičke granice opterećenja pojedinih elemenata plasira 110 kV vodom iz pravca HE Kokin Brod, odnosno • mreže snaga za potrebe TS 110/35 kV Prijepolje i EVP Brodarevo se plasira 110 kV vodom iz pravca HE Potpeć, iz koje se 35 kV Osnovno ograničenje koje je potrebno poštovati pri mrežom napaja kompletno područje pogona Priboj. Konačno, planiranju i eksploataciji elektrodistributivne mreže je kompletno područje pogona Bajina Bašta se napaja 35 kV termička granica opterećenja pojedinih elemenata mrežom iz pravca HE i TS 220/35 kV Bajina Bašta. mreže. Proizvođači vodova i transformatora najčešće definišu nazivne vrednosti struja (i snaga) kao Za potrebe analiza izvršenih u ovom radu modelovana je maksimalnu vrednost do koje se elemenat može kompletna mreža naponskog nivoa 10-110 kV na području opterećivati pri definisanim vremenskim uslovima ogranka Užice sa opterećenjem koje odgovara maksimalnom (temperatura, vlažnost, vetar itd.), a da to ne dovede do opterećenju transformacije 110/X kV. Mreža 110 kV na nedozvoljeno visokih temperatura koje mogu da području ogranka Užice ima prenosno-distributivni karakter sa izazovu ubrzano starenje elementa ili, čak, kvarove na nekoliko HE koje preko nje plasiraju svoju snagu u mrežu njemu. Pri analizi rada mreže ovo je osnovni tehnički (limske HE Uvac, Kokin Brod i Potpeć). kriterijum rada mreže, pri čemu u normalnom radu, za maksimalni radni režim, nijedan od elemenata ne sme - 234 - da bude opterećen iznad naznačene vrednosti njegove sigurnosti "n-1". To znači da se pri ispadu bilo kojeg struje (jer ona diktira zagrevanje), a vrednost od elemenata u mreži 110 i 35 kV mora obezbediti maksimalne snage u normalnom pogonu može da bude napajanje celokupnom konzumu preko preostalih nešto iznad ili ispod vrednosti naznačene snage elemenata mreže, pri čemu se ne smeju ugroziti elementa, zavisno od napona pod kojim radi naponska ograničenja za posthavarijski režim, a strujna posmatrani elemenat u analiziranom radnom režimu. opterećenja elemenata mreže ne smeju da pređu definisane vrednosti. Ovo ograničenje je u skladu sa Havarijski rad mreže se takođe analizira za maksimalni Pravilima o radu distributivnog sistema. Pošto se radni režim. Ovakav radni režim se u većini slučajeva analiziraju radni režimi sa maksimalnim događa u zimskom periodu, pri niskim temperaturama, opterećenjima, definisane vrednosti dozvoljenog koje obezbeđuju bolje uslove hlađenja elemenata, tj. i opterećenja su na strani sigurnosti. Verovatnoća ispada više vrednosti maksimalno dozvoljenih struja. Za elementa mreže baš u trenutku maksimalnih posebne slučajeve se maksimalni radni režim događa u opterećenja je mala, pa je i u tom smislu usvojeni letnjem periodu (potrošnja vezana za turističke centre, kriterijum dosta strog. navodnjavanje, veliko prisustvo klima uređaja itd.), kada su uslovi hlađenja pogoršani i u nekim Najjednostavniji, ali često i najskuplji, način da se slučajevima mogu da diktiraju niže vrednosti obezbedi rezervno napajanje pri ispadu nekog elementa dozvoljenih maksimalnih struja od naznačenih. Ovakve mreže je da postoji njemu rezervni elemenat istog situacije se još uvek ne očekuju u distributivnim naponskog nivoa, koji može da preuzme prenos "ispale mrežama ogranka. Pažnja će se usmeriti na dozvoljeno snage". Situacija je različita za nadzemne vodove, s opterećenje elemenata u havarijskim situacijama koje jedne, i kablove i transformatore, s druge strane. se javljaju pri maksimalnom opterećenju, u toku zime. Naime, kod nadzemnih vodova vrlo često ekonomski Posebno će se razmatrati transformatori, nadzemni i proračuni opravdavaju formiranje rezervnih veza, jer kablovski vodovi, zbog različitih uslova hlađenja ovih se njihovom upotrebom za distribuciju snage u elemenata. Usvajanje vrednosti dozvoljenih normalnom režimu smanjuju gubici u mreži u toj meri preopterećenja elemenata mreže za planiranje njenog da opravdavaju njihovu izgradnju. Tako, dakle, razvoja ima podlogu u Pravilima o radu distributivnog ekonomičan razvoj mreže često vodi formiranju sistema Direkcije za distribuciju EPS a, koje su rezervnih veza u delovima mreže koji se napajaju bazirane na dosadašnjim istraživanjima i iskustvima u nadzemnom mrežom. Na žalost, ova situacija se ovoj oblasti. mnogo češće javlja u vangradskoj mreži srednjeg napona, gde se kriterijum sigurnosti "n-1" ne uvodi kao • Naponska ograničenja tehničko ograničenje. Cena kablova i transformatora Što se tiče naponskog kriterijuma sa gledišta operatora (sa svim pratećim troškovima) je visoka, a gubici na distributivne mreže VN i SN problem je u tome što su ovim elementima relativno mali, tako da se nikada definisana naponska ograničenja na niskom naponu i neće naći ekonomsko opravdanje sa aspekta smanjenja što su ta ograničenja ista za celu mrežu. S druge strane, gubitaka za ugradnju rezervnih elemenata, čak i ako su preduzeće za distribuciju energiju preuzima iz posmatrani elementi nominalno opterećeni. prenosne mreže, tako da je dosta ograničen njen uticaj Naravno, postoji i drugi način da se obezbedi rezerva u na naponske prilike pri preuzimanju električne slučaju ispada nekog elementa mreže 110 i 35 kV: energije. potrebno je koristiti mrežu nižeg naponskog nivoa Pri planiranju distributivne mreže visokog i srednjeg susednih objekata, preko koje se preuzima ugroženi napona moraju se definisati neka naponska ograničenja konzum i rasterećuju prekomerno opterećeni elementi. koja čvorišta VN i SN moraju da zadovoljavaju, pri Npr. u slučaju ispada transformatora u TS 110/10 kV, čemu ta ograničenja garantuju da će, pri svim uslovima susedne TS 110/10 kV (ili TS 35/10 kV), koje su sa preuzimanja energije iz prenosne mreže, energija ugroženom TS povezane mrežom 10 kV, mogu da je isporučena svim kupcima na niskom naponu delimično ili potpuno rasterete. Ova činjenica ima zadovoljavati definisana naponska
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