Goodwill Zwelithini Kabhekuzulu
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01 Shamase FM.Fm
1 Relations between the Zulu people of Emperor Mpande and the Christian missionaries, c.1845-c.1871 Maxwell Z. Shamase 1 Department of History, University of Zululand [email protected] Abstract During Emperor Mpande's reign (1840-1872), following the deposition of his half-brother Dingane in 1840, the Zulu people mostly adhered to traditional norms and values, believing that the spirits of the dead live on. Ancestral veneration and the worship of the Supreme Being called Umvelinqangi were pre-eminent and the education of children was merely informal, based on imitation and observation. This worldview faced new challenges with the advent of Christianity and the arrival of Christian missionaries at Port Natal between 1845 and 1871. The strategy of almost all Christian missionaries was premised on winning the Zulu people en masse to Christianity through Mpande’s court. The doctrines preached by the missionaries disputed the fundamental ethical, metaphysical and social ideas of the Zulu people. Mpande, however, earnestly requested that at least one missionary reside in the vicinity of his palace. Nothing could deter Mpande’s attempts to use missionary connections to keep Colonial threats of invasion in check. While the Zulu people were devoid of organised religion which might have proved a bulwark against the Christianisation process, Mpande’s acceptance of the missionaries could be said to have been mainly strategic. He could not display bellicose tendencies while still at an embryonic stage of consolidating his authority. This paper gives an exposition of the nature and extent of relations between the Christian missionaries and the Zulu empire of Mpande. -
South Africa
Safrica Page 1 of 42 Recent Reports Support HRW About HRW Site Map May 1995 Vol. 7, No.3 SOUTH AFRICA THREATS TO A NEW DEMOCRACY Continuing Violence in KwaZulu-Natal INTRODUCTION For the last decade South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal region has been troubled by political violence. This conflict escalated during the four years of negotiations for a transition to democratic rule, and reached the status of a virtual civil war in the last months before the national elections of April 1994, significantly disrupting the election process. Although the first year of democratic government in South Africa has led to a decrease in the monthly death toll, the figures remain high enough to threaten the process of national reconstruction. In particular, violence may prevent the establishment of democratic local government structures in KwaZulu-Natal following further elections scheduled to be held on November 1, 1995. The basis of this violence remains the conflict between the African National Congress (ANC), now the leading party in the Government of National Unity, and the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), the majority party within the new region of KwaZulu-Natal that replaced the former white province of Natal and the black homeland of KwaZulu. Although the IFP abandoned a boycott of the negotiations process and election campaign in order to participate in the April 1994 poll, following last minute concessions to its position, neither this decision nor the election itself finally resolved the points at issue. While the ANC has argued during the year since the election that the final constitutional arrangements for South Africa should include a relatively centralized government and the introduction of elected government structures at all levels, the IFP has maintained instead that South Africa's regions should form a federal system, and that the colonial tribal government structures should remain in place in the former homelands. -
A Contextualization and Examination of the Impi Yamakhanda (1906 Uprising) As Reported by J
1 A contextualization and examination of the impi yamakhanda (1906 uprising) as reported by J. L. Dube in Ilanga Lase Natal, with special focus on Dube’s attitude to Dinuzulu as indicated in his reportage on the treason trial of Dinuzulu. Moses Muziwandile Hadebe Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Arts in Historical Studies Programme of Historical Studies Faculty of Human and Social Sciences University of Natal Durban 2003 2 Declaration I Moses Muziwandile Hadebe, hereby declare the content of this thesis is entirely my own original work. Moses Muziwandile Hadebe June, 2003 Dr Keith Breckenridge June, 2003 3 Abstract The thesis explores not only the history but also the competing histories of 1906. It is however no claim to represent the entire history - undoubtedly a period of great complexity, and a time of tragedy for the African people that culminated in their conquest. My exploration of the history relies heavily on the reportage of J. L. Dube in his newspaper, Ilanga Lase Natal. A close analysis of Dube’s reports points to a number of crucial aspects, such as the fundamental importance of the amakhosi/chiefs, the clear determination of the Natal settler government to break and undermine the power of the amakhosi, the central significance of the issue of land and the closely related matter of taxation. All these are contextualized in the African setting - homesteads and cattle, with their profound traditional influence for many reasons in Zulu culture. My exploration and analysis has been carried out by looking concurrently at the usage of metaphor, words and language in the newspaper, the impact of which is mesmerising. -
“Born out of Shaka's Spear”: the Zulu Iklwa and Perceptions of Military
Selected Papers of the Consortium on the Revolutionary Era (2020). “Born out of Shaka’s spear”: The Zulu Iklwa and Perceptions of Military Revolution in the Nineteenth Century Jacob Ivey, Ph.D. Florida Institute of Technology In May 2010, anticipating South Africa’s hosting of the World Cup, the city of Durban decided to make a dramatic addition to the newly opened King Shaka International Airport. Officials unveiled a statue of the Zulu king Shaka kaSenzangakhona, known popularly as “Shaka Zulu.” Shaka, founder of the Zulu nation in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, had since his death in 1828 become perhaps one of the most famous South Africans in history next to Nelson Mandela. The Zulu king had facilitated the creation of the Zulu kingdom during the early nineteenth century through what has been described as a “military revolution” that influenced the historic arc of the whole region. However, unlike the traditional image of Shaka with shield and iklwa, or short stabbing-spear made famous by the Zulu king, he was presented outside the airport terminal as unarmed, surrounded by Nguni cattle. This revelation created a major controversy in June when Goodwill Zwelithin kaBhekuzulu, Isilo (King) of the Zulus of South Africa, expressed his displeasure, arguing, “it made Shaka look like a herd boy, rather than the hunter and warrior he was.”1 Shaka, evidently, was not Shaka without his spear. If there is one indelible image of the Zulu nation, it is the iklwa. Literally “stabbing” through the title graphic of the mini-series Shaka Zulu (1986) and a key element of the imagery of the Inkatha Freedom Party, the short stabbing spear of the Zulu is frequently offered as part of the military genius of Shaka. -
A Short Chronicle of Warfare in South Africa Compiled by the Military Information Bureau*
Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 16, Nr 3, 1986. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za A short chronicle of warfare in South Africa Compiled by the Military Information Bureau* Khoisan Wars tween whites, Khoikhoi and slaves on the one side and the nomadic San hunters on the other Khoisan is the collective name for the South Afri- which was to last for almost 200 years. In gen- can people known as Hottentots and Bushmen. eral actions consisted of raids on cattle by the It is compounded from the first part of Khoi San and of punitive commandos which aimed at Khoin (men of men) as the Hottentots called nothing short of the extermination of the San themselves, and San, the names given by the themselves. On both sides the fighting was ruth- Hottentots to the Bushmen. The Hottentots and less and extremely destructive of both life and Bushmen were the first natives Dutch colonist property. encountered in South Africa. Both had a relative low cultural development and may therefore be During 18th century the threat increased to such grouped. The Colonists fought two wars against an extent that the Government had to reissue the the Hottentots while the struggle against the defence-system. Commandos were sent out and Bushmen was manned by casual ranks on the eventually the Bushmen threat was overcome. colonist farms. The Frontier War (1779-1878) The KhoiKhoi Wars This term is used to cover the nine so-called "Kaffir Wars" which took place on the eastern 1st Khoikhoi War (1659-1660) border of the Cape between the Cape govern- This was the first violent reaction of the Khoikhoi ment and the Xhosa. -
Early History of South Africa
THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people. -
EB145 Opt.Pdf
E EPISCOPAL CHURCHPEOPLE for a FREE SOUTHERN AFRICA 339 Lafayette Street, New York, N.Y. 10012·2725 C (212) 4n-0066 FAX: (212) 979-1013 S A #145 21 february 1994 _SU_N_D_AY-.::..:20--:FEB:.=:..:;R..:..:U..:..:AR:..:.Y:.....:..:.1994::...::.-_---.". ----'-__THE OBSERVER_ Ten weeks before South Africa's elections, a race war looks increasingly likely, reports Phillip van Niekerk in Johannesburg TOKYO SEXWALE, the Afri In S'tanderton, in the Eastern candidate for the premiership of At the meeting in the Pretoria Many leading Inkatha mem can National Congress candidate Transvaal, the white town coun Natal. There is little doubt that showgrounds three weeks ago, bers have publicly and privately for the office of premier in the cillast Wednesday declared itself Natal will fall to the ANC on 27 when General Constand Viljoen, expressed their dissatisfaction at Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Veree part of an independent Boer April, which explains Buthelezi's head ofthe Afrikaner Volksfront, Inkatha's refusal to participate in niging province, returned shaken state, almost provoking a racial determination to wriggle out of was shouted down while advo the election, and could break from a tour of the civil war in conflagration which, for all the having to fight the dection.~ cating the route to a volkstaat not away. Angola last Thursday. 'I have violence of recent years, the At the very least, last week's very different to that announced But the real prize in Natal is seen the furure according to the country not yet experienced. concessions removed any trace of by Mandela last week, the im Goodwill Zwelithini, the Zulu right wing,' he said, vividly de The council's declaration pro a legitimate gripe against the new pression was created that the king and Buthelezi's nephew. -
King Goodwill Zwelithini's Imbizo
DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY NAME Fight Against Attacks Foreign Nationals; King Goodwill Zwelithini WIMS REFERENCE NUMBER DATE OF THE EVENT 2015/04/20 VENUE & AREA Moses Mabhida Stadium ; eThekwini DC ACTIVITY SYNOPSIS: King Goodwill Zwelithini convened a Fight Against Attacks on Foreign Nationals Imbizo at the Moses Mabhida Stadium in Durban on 20 April 2015. His Majesty spoke out against the recent spates of violent attacks directed at foreign nationals. He strongly condemned the violence saying peace should prevail in South Africa. The King called on traditional leaders to protect foreign nationals and ensure a peaceful reintegration into the community after thousands were displaced. KwaZulu-Natal Premier Senzo Mchunu, MEC for Economic Development Mike Mabuyakhulu, Cllr James Nxumalo and Ministers for Home Affairs Malusi Gigaba and State Security David Mahlobo were in attendance. Religious leaders led the Imbizo in prayer. PHOTO TESTIMONIALS WITH CAPTIONS: ABOVE: His Majesty King Goodwill Zwelithini flanked by Ministers; for State Security David Mahlobo, Home Affairs Malusi Gigaba and KwaZulu-Natal Premier Senzo Mchunu with eThekwini Metro Mayor Cllr James Nxumalo, Inkosi Phathisizwe Chiliza and MEC Economic Development and Tourism, Mike Mabuyakhulu at anti-xenophobia Imbizo. BELOW: King Goodwill Zwelithini called for peace and for foreign nationals to be protected. FAR LEFT: Home Affairs Minister Malusi Gigaba, Premier Senzo Mchunu with King Goodwill Zwelithini. The King called for peace and for foreign nationals to be protected. Above and right left: Several media houses were in attendance as well as religious who prayed for peace and unity at the Imbizo at Moses Mabhida. Thousands of people flocking into the Moses Mabhida Stadium on 12 April to listen to the King deliver his speech. -
Een-Gonyama Gonyama!: Zulu Origins of the Boy Scout Movement and the Africanisation of Imperial Britain
Een-Gonyama Gonyama!: Zulu Origins of the Boy Scout Movement and the Africanisation of Imperial Britain TIMOTHY PARSONS British imperialists in the late 19th century denigrated non-western cultures in rationalising the partition of Africa, but they also had to assimilate African values and traditions to make the imperial system work.The partisans of empire also romanticised non-western cultures to convince the British public to support the imperial enterprise. In doing so, they introduced significant African and Asian elements into British popular culture, thereby refuting the assumption that the empire had little influence on the historical development of metropolitan Britain. Robert Baden-Powell conceived of the Boy Scout movement as a cure for the social instability and potential military weakness of Edwardian Britain. Influenced profoundly by his service as a colonial military officer, Africa loomed large in Baden-Powell’s imagination. He was particularly taken with the Zulu. King Cetshwayo’s crushing defeat of the British army at Isandhlawana in 1879 fixed their reputation as a ‘martial tribe’ in the imagination of the British public. Baden-Powell romanticised the Zulus’ discipline, and courage, and adapted many of their cultural institutions to scouting. Baden-Powell’s appropriation and reinterpretation of African culture illustrates the influ- ence of subject peoples of the empire on metropolitan British politics and society. Scouting’s romanticised trappings of African culture captured the imagination of tens of thousands of Edwardian boys and helped make Baden-Powell’s organisation the premier uniformed youth movement in Britain. Although confident that they were superior to their African subjects, British politicians, educators, and social reformers agreed with Baden-Powell that ‘tribal’ Africans preserved many of the manly virtues that had been wiped by the industrial age. -
246 KB 12Th Mar 2021 EFF TRIBUTE to KING GOODWILL ZWELITHINI
EFF TRIBUTE TO KING GOODWILL ZWELITHINI KA BHEKUZULU Friday, 12 March 2021 The EFF pays tribute to the King Goodwill Zwelithini ka Bhekuzulu, the King of AmaZulu, who passed away in the early hours of the morning on Friday, March 12, 2021. The King was hospitalized for some time, and succumbed to illness after waging a brave fight against sickness. His passing comes after a particularly difficult year for the King and his family. His sister, Queen Noloyiso Sandile, then a regent of the Amarharhabe Kingdom, passed away in July 2020, and his son, and heir to the Zulu Kingdom, Prince Lethukuthula Zulu, died under mysterious circumstances in November 2020. King Zwelithini was the longest reigning King of the Zulu nation in the history of its existence, having assumed this leadership position at the tender age of 20, after his father, King Cyprian Bhekuzulu kaSolomon passed away in 1968. The mere fact that he was on the throne for this long is evidence of the King’s perseverance and strength. He assumed leadership of the Zulu nation at the height of apartheid repression and exploitation, and yet he stood firm in his resolve to unite not only people of Zulu descent, but all African people in what we now know as KwaZulu Natal. At a time when the evil apartheid regime tried to sow seeds of division amongst African people, King Zwelithini embraced the unity of the African people. He married a Swati princess, Queen Mantfombi Dlamini, a daughter of King Sobhuza of Eswatini; and his sister, Noloyiso was married to the King of Amarharhabe, King Maxhobayakhawuleza Sandile. -
FUGITIVE QUEENS: Amakhosikazi and the Continuous Evolution Of
FUGITIVE QUEENS: Amakhosikazi and the Continuous Evolution of Gender and Power in KwaZulu-Natal (1816-1889) by CAELLAGH D. MORRISSEY A THESIS Presented to the Department of History and International Studies and the Robert D. Clark Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science December 2015 An Abstract of the Thesis of Caellagh Morrissey for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Department of History and International Studies to be taken December 2015 Title: Fugitive Queens: Amakhosikazi and the Evolution of Gender and Power in KwaZulu-Natal (1816-1889) Professor Lindsay F. Braun Amakhosikazi (elite women) played a vital role within the social, economic, and political reality of the Zulu pre-colonial state. However, histories have largely categorized them as accessory to the lives of powerful men. Through close readings of oral traditions, travelogues, and government documentation, this paper discusses the spaces in which the amakhosikazi exhibited power, and tracks changes in the social position of queen mothers, as well as some members of related groups of elite women, from the early years of the Zulu chiefdom in the 1750s up until the 1887 annexation by Britain and their crucial intervention in royal matters in 1889. The amakhosika=i can be seen operating in a complex social space wherein individual women accessed power through association to political clans, biological and economic reproduction, manipulation, and spiritual influence. Women's access to male power sources changed through both internal political shifts and external pressures. but generally increased in the first half of the 1800s, and the declined over time and with the fracturing of Zulu hegemony. -
Bookreviews/ Boekbesprekings
Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 26, Nr 1, 1996. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za BOOKREVIEWS/ BOEKBESPREKINGS THE DESTRUCTION OF THE family, their homes and their property fell under two appointed chiefs namely Hamu and Zibhebhu. ZULU KINGDOM: THE CIVIL WAR IN ZULULAND 1879-1884 The two chiefs started to seize royal property and harass members of the royal house and its sup- JEFF GUY porters as their most obvious rivals and men whose power and pretensions had to be reduced. The 1994 (First published in 1979 by Longman Group Usuthu movement was revived. Before the war of Limited, London and Ravan Press 1982) 1856 the name Usuthu was given to Cetshwayo's University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg following within the nation. After his accession it Illustrated, 273 pages became a national cry and after the war it was used ISBN 0-86980 892 3 (hardback) to identify the faction which worked to revive the R59,99. influence of Cetshwayo's lineage in the Zulu clan. It rejected Hamu and Zibhebhu's authority and vis- The Destruction of the Zulu Kingdom: The civil war ited Bishopstowe, the residence of John William in Zululand 1879-1884, was originally submitted as Colenso, Bishop of Natal to seek advice. a Ph.D dissertation in History at the University of London in 1975. The Usuthu with the help of Bishop Colenso started to make representation to Natal Government which Professor Jeff Guy, a well known historian on Zulu culminated in the visit of the exiled king to London. history and the present head of the History Depart- Cetshwayo was informed (whilst in London) by the ment at the University of Natal, Durban branch has British Government that he could be restored to divided his work into three main parts.