DOCSLIB.ORG

Mitigation Measures for Waste Sector

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mitigation Measures for Waste Sector 6 ENHANCING CAPACITY FOR LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES (EC- LEDS) CLEAN ENERGY PROGRAM COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. 114-A-13-00008 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WASTE SECTOR COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. 114-A-13-00008 APRIL 2017 This publication was produced for review by the United States AgencyMITIGATION for International MEASURES FOR Development.WASTE SECTOR It I was prepared by Winrock International in cooperation with Sustainable Development Centre Remissia ENHANCING CAPACITY FOR LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES (EC-LEDS) CLEAN ENERGY PROGRAM MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WASTE SECTOR April 2017 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WASTE SECTOR II TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................................. iii Figures ................................................................................................................................................................................. iv Tables................................................................................................................................................................................... iv Acronymes .......................................................................................................................................................................... v 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Low emission development pathway ............................................................................................................. 1 References ......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Annex 1. Separation/recycling of specific waste streams ......................................................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Portable batteries (NiMH, NiCd, Li-ion etc.) .............................................................................................. 1 1.2.1. GHG/recycling potential ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2.2. mitigation measures .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Automotive batteries (accumulators) - PbA ................................................................................................ 6 1.3.1. GHG/recycling potential ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.2. Indirect mitigation measures .................................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Tires ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.4.1. GHG/recycling potential ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.4.2. Indirect mitigation measures .................................................................................................................... 9 1.5. Waste oils ........................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.5.1. GHG/recycling potential .......................................................................................................................... 12 1.5.2. Indirect mitigation measures .................................................................................................................. 12 1.6. Waste from electrical/electronic equipment (WEEE) ............................................................................. 15 1.6.1. GHG/recycling potential .......................................................................................................................... 15 1.6.2. Indirect mitigation measures .................................................................................................................. 17 1.7. End-of-life-vehicles (ELV) ................................................................................................................................ 19 1.7.1. GHG/recycling potential .......................................................................................................................... 19 1.7.2. Indirect mitigation measures .................................................................................................................. 19 1.8. Packaging waste ................................................................................................................................................. 21 1.8.1. GHG/recycling potential .......................................................................................................................... 21 1.8.2. Indirect mitigation measures .................................................................................................................. 23 1.9. Total quantities collected – GHG emissions avoided (2030) ................................................................ 25 1.10. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................................ 26 1.11. References .......................................................................................................................................................... 26 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WASTE SECTOR III FIGURES FIGURE 1. AVERAGE CTG CO2 EMISSIONS ± ONE STANDARD DEVIATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A KG OF VARIOUS BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................................................................................... 2 FIGURE 2. WEEE DISTRIBUTION IN EU (2005) ........................................................................................................................... 16 TABLES TABLE 1. CO2 REDUCTION POTENTIAL BY RECYCLING OF VARIOUS TYPES OF BATTERIES ..................................................... 2 TABLE 2. MATERIAL COMPOSITION OF ALKALINE BATTERIES ....................................................................................................... 3 TABLE 3. PORTABLE BATTERIES COLLECTION TARGETS – GHG AVOIDED ................................................................................ 3 TABLE 4. TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF A PBA BATTERY ................................................................................................................. 6 TABLE 5. COLLECTION TARGETS FOR PBA BATTERIES (ACCUMULATORS) – GHG AVOIDED ................................................ 6 TABLE 6. TIRES COLLECTION TARGETS - GHG AVOIDED ............................................................................................................ 9 TABLE 7: WASTE OILS COLLECTION TARGETS - GHG AVOIDED .............................................................................................. 12 TABLE 8. GHG EMISSIONS FROM EEE (MANUFACTURING, USAGE, RECYCLING) .................................................................... 16 TABLE 9: WEEE COLLECTION TARGETS ....................................................................................................................................... 17 TABLE 10: ELV COLLECTION TARGETS - GHG AVOIDED .......................................................................................................... 19 TABLE 11: GHG EMISSIONS FROM VARIOUS PACKAGING MATERIALS....................................................................................... 22 TABLE 12: PACKAGING WASTE QUANTITIES IN EU COUNTRIES ............................................................................................... 22 TABLE 13: PACKAGING WASTE COLLECTION TARGETS - GHG AVOIDED .............................................................................. 23 TABLE 14: TOTAL QUANTITIES AND INDIRECT GHG EMISSIONS (AVOIDED) OF SPECIFIC WASTE STREAMS (2030) .......... 25 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WASTE SECTOR IV ACRONYMES BAU Business as Usual CH4 Methane CO2 Carbon Dioxide EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC-LEDS Enhancing Capacity for Low Emissions Development LEDS Low Emissions Development Strategy IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change N2O Nitrous Oxide UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Gg Gigagram (109 grams =103 tons) MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WASTE SECTOR V 1 INTRODUCTION This report covers description of emission mitigation measures for waste sector. These descriptions will be included into the Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS) as a component part of its Waste chapter. Measures to be taken for GHG emission mitigation in waste sector are presented in form of tables in this chapter. The list of measures is largely based on 2016-2030 National Waste Management Strategy
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 25, Number 15, April 10
    EIR Founder and Contributing Editor: Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. Editorial Board: Melvin Klenetsky, Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., Antony Papert, Gerald Rose, From the Associate Editor Dennis Small, Edward Spannaus, Nancy Spannaus, Jeffrey Steinberg, William Wertz Associate Editor: Susan Welsh Managing Editors: John Sigerson, his is our last issue before the Willard Group meeting of 22 nations Ronald Kokinda T Science Editor: Marjorie Mazel Hecht in Washington, at which the question of reorganizing the bankrupt Special Projects: Mark Burdman world financial-monetary system will be either resolutely faced, or Book Editor: Katherine Notley Advertising Director: Marsha Freeman cravenly avoided, with tragic consequences. I remind our readers of Circulation Manager: Stanley Ezrol the editors’ preface to an article by Lyndon H. LaRouche in our Feb. INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORS: 6 issue, the preface titled “John Paul II and the Ides of March.” Asia and Africa: Linda de Hoyos Counterintelligence: Jeffrey Steinberg, We wrote: Paul Goldstein “An announced outbreak of suicides among some officials in Economics: Marcia Merry Baker, William Engdahl Japan lends dramatic irony to the desperate efforts of the Japan gov- History: Anton Chaitkin ernment, and others, to pretend that Japan now has its part of the Ibero-America: Robyn Quijano, Dennis Small Law: Edward Spannaus pulsating, ongoing, global financial crisis under control. The cur- Russia and Eastern Europe: rently preferred policy of bankers and most governments, to pour Rachel Douglas, Konstantin George United States: Debra Freeman, Suzanne Rose monetary gasoline on the fires of financial holocaust, is feeding an INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS: early new round of explosions, soon to become more devastating than Bogota´: Jose´ Restrepo those of late 1997.
    [Show full text]
  • G Georgia's Climate and Protects the Nation from the Penetration of Colder Air Masses from the North
    UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE United Nations Development Account project Promoting Eneergy Efficiency Investments for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Development Case study GEORGIA MUNICIPAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY REFORMS IN GEORGIA Developed by: Energy Effficiency Center Georgia Contents Geographical and climate characteristic of republic of Georgia .................................................... 3 Geography ................................................................................................................................... 3 Climate .................................................................................................................................... 4 Sector Characteristics: .................................................................................................................... 4 Electric power supply of Georgia and Tbilisi ............................................................................. 5 Natural gas supply and heating system in Georgia and Tbilisi ................................................... 6 Current Policy: ................................................................................................................................ 8 Energy Efficiency Potential .......................................................................................................... 11 Assessment Methodology: ............................................................................................................ 13 Economic, Environmental and Policy
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia Environmental Performance Reviews Third Review
    UNECE Georgia Environmental Performance Reviews Third Review UNITED NATIONS ECE/CEP/177 UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS GEORGIA Third Review UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2016 Environmental Performance Reviews Series No. 43 NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In particular, the boundaries shown on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The United Nations issued the second Environmental Performance Review of Georgia (Environmental Performance Reviews Series No. 30) in 2010. This volume is issued in English only. ECE/CEP/177 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales E.16.II.E.3 ISBN 978-92-1-117101-3 e-ISBN 978-92-1-057683-3 ISSN 1020-4563 iii Foreword It is essential to monitor progress towards environmental sustainability and to evaluate how countries reconcile environmental and economic targets and meet their international environmental commitments. Through regular monitoring and evaluation, countries may more effectively stay ahead of emerging environmental issues, improve their environmental performance and be accountable to their citizens. The ECE Environmental Performance Review Programme provides valuable assistance to member States by regularly assessing their environmental performance so that they can take steps to improve their environmental management, integrate environmental considerations into economic sectors, increase the availability of information to the public and promote information exchange with other countries on policies and experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacrifice, Curse, and the Covenant in Paul's Soteriology
    SACRIFICE, CURSE, AND THE COVENANT IN PAUL'S SOTERIOLOGY Norio Yamaguchi A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7419 This item is protected by original copyright Sacrifice, Curse, and the Covenant in Paul’s Soteriology Norio Yamaguchi This thesis is submitted for the degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Sacrifice, Curse, and the Covenant in Paul’s Soteriology Presented by Norio Yamaguchi For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2015 St Mary’s College University of St Andrews - i - 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Norio Yamaguchi, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 80,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2011 and as a candidate for the degree of Ph D in July 2012; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2011 and 2015. I, Norio Yamaguchi, received assistance in the writing of this thesis in respect of language, which was provided by Sandra Peniston-Bird. Date Feb.12 2015 sig nature of candidate 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Realizing the Urban Potential in Georgia: National Urban Assessment
    REALIZING THE URBAN POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA National Urban Assessment ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK REALIZING THE URBAN POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA NATIONAL URBAN ASSESSMENT ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2016 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2016. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9257-352-2 (Print), 978-92-9257-353-9 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT168254 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Realizing the urban potential in Georgia—National urban assessment. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016. 1. Urban development.2. Georgia.3. National urban assessment, strategy, and road maps. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. This publication was finalized in November 2015 and statistical data used was from the National Statistics Office of Georgia as available at the time on http://www.geostat.ge The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Socio-Economic Implications of the Mining Sector
    ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE MINING SECTOR AND PROSPECTS OF RESPONSIBLE MINING IN GEORGIA The study was prepared within the framework of the project 'Promoting Environmental and Social Accountability in the Mining Sector in the Caucasus', which is being implemented with the financial support of the Bread for the World Protestant Development Service (BftW). The content of the publication is the responsibility of the implementing organisation alone. 2 CONTENT INTRODUCTION 5 1. Mineral reSourceS of GeorGia anD The hiSTory of Their MininG anD ProceSSing 7 1.1 Brief DeScriPTion of Mineral reSources 7 1.2 Brief hiSTory of MininG in GeorGia 7 1.3 DynaMicS of The DeveloPMenT of MininG inDuSTry in GeorGia 9 1.3.1 SoliD MineralS 9 1.3.2 oil anD Gas 10 2. GeorGian laWS anD inSTiTuTional SeT-uP relaTeD To MininG 13 2.1 naTional leGiSlaTion 13 2.1.1 conSTiTuTion of GeorGia 13 2.1.2 laW of GeorGia on enTrailS of The earTh 13 2.1.3 laW of GeorGia on licenceS anD PerMits 13 2.1.4 laW of GeorGia on environMenTal ProTecTion 14 2.1.5 laW of GeorGia on culTural heriTaGe 14 2.1.6 oTher reGulaTionS relaTeD To culTural heriTaGe 14 2.1.7 inTernaTional convenTionS relaTeD To culTural heriTaGe raTifieD By GeorGia 14 2.2 inSTiTuTional fraMeWork of The GeorGian MininG inDuSTry 15 2.2.1 STaTe inSTiTuTionS anD Their ManDaTes 15 2.2.2 inTeraGency cooPeraTion 17 3. inTernaTional DeveloPMenT orGanizaTionS acTive in GeorGia anD caTeGorieS of DeveloPMenT Projects 19 4. STa.TiSTicS of inveSTMenTS MaDe in The MininG SecTor of GeorGia (2009-2015) 23 4.1 aMounT of inveSTMents 23 4.2 inveSTMenT SourceS 24 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Obstacles Impeding the Regional Integration of the Kvemo Kartli Region of Georgia
    Obstacles Impeding the Regional Integration of the Kvemo Kartli Region of Georgia Jonathan Wheatley ECMI Working Paper #23 February 2005 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor) D-24939 Flensburg ( +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper #23 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Marc Weller © Copyright 2005 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Published in February 2005 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) 2 Table of Contents I. Introduction.............................................................................4 II. Background Information........................................................5 Geographical Features and Ethnic Demography......................................................................5 Economy and Infrastructure....................................................................................................7 Local Structures of Administration........................................................................................10 III. Recent Historical Events.....................................................13 IV Actors in the Local Arena....................................................18 The Local Authorities...........................................................................................................18 Ethnic Balance in the Recruitment of Personnel....................................................................19 Political Parties.....................................................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • September 30, 1996 Vol
    CURRENTSUNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER University offers new graduate program The University recently received approval from Rochester is ideally positioned to offer ad- New York State to offer a master’s degree and a vanced training in this field, given the expertise Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering, and in engineering analysis and design that faculty will begin enrolling graduate students in these from the School of Engineering and Applied programs as soon as next fall. Sciences have, and the biological expertise and “The pressure to reduce rising health care clinical knowledge that faculty from the School costs has steadily increased demand nation- of Medicine and Dentistry have. In fact, River wide for biomedical engineers, who can de- Campus engineers often collaborate with Medi- velop new technologies that improve care while cal Center colleagues on developing new tech- lowering costs,” said Professor Richard Waugh, nologies to improve diagnosis and treatment of the director of graduate studies for the new illness and to advance biomedical research. Just programs. “This field is also the fastest growing one recent example of a biomedical break- engineering discipline in U.S. higher education. through at Rochester, for which a patent is be- Within the last three years, graduate programs ing sought, is a new method for standardizing were introduced or enlarged at the University ultrasound images. of California at San Diego, Rice University, the Rochester’s graduate program has three main University of Pennsylvania, and SUNY emphases, to take advantage of clusters of ex- Stonybrook, among others.” Continued on page two Eastman announces plans for 75th The Eastman School is launching a year of Eastman-Rochester events celebrating its 75th anniversary, includ- Chorus will participate.
    [Show full text]
  • TRI Bulletin Vol 28
    TROPICAL RESOURCES The Bulletin of the Yale Tropical Resources Institute In this Issue 2009 Volume 28 2 The Tropical Resources Institute 3 Letter from the Director: Dr. Lisa M. Curran 4 From the Editors: Mark Richard Evidente and Heidi Jump 5 2007 TRI Fellows in this issue Articles 7 In Pursuit of Participatory, Science-Based, Transboundary Management in the Shared Headwaters of Honduras and Nicaragua by Sara Enders, MESc 2009 and Jordan Macknick, MESc 2009 13 Writing Knowledge: Re-articulations of Vanilla Production in Imorona, Madagascar by Sarah Osterhoudt, PhD candidate 17 Present Opportunities and Future Crises: Managing Tourism Development at the Chocolate Hills, Bohol, the Philippines by Mark Richard Evidente, MEM 2009 23 Fijian Culture on Display: Traditional Ecological Knowledge at the Arts Village Cultural Center by Rachael Teel, MESc 2009 27 The Emergence of Trash Picker Cooperatives in Brazil and the Challenges to Social Inclusion by Norio Takaki, MEM 2009 31 Improving Brazilian Land Use Law: A Case Study of Plantation Forestry in Southern São Paulo by Christopher Finney, MEM 2009 38 The Future of Small Yerba Mate Farmers in Argentina: An Opportunity for Agroforestry by Tal Ilany, MFS 2009 and Janet Lawson, MESc 2009 44 Negotiated Meanings of Red Ruffed Lemur Conservation in Masoala National Park, Madagascar by Meg Selby, MESc 2009 48 The Indian Wolf: Should We be Worried about Extinction Debt? by Meghna Agarwala, MESc 2009 and Satish Kumar xx Announcing 2009-2010 Fellows Please access the 2009 Bulletin online at environment.research.yale.edu/tri in order to download pdfs of articles or to view maps, graphs, photographs, and ÄN\YLZPUJVSVY (SSÄN\YLZ\ZLKPU[OLZLHY[PJSLZHYL[OLH\[OVYZ»V^U\USLZZV[OLY^PZLPUKPJH[LK Yale Tropical Resources Institute: Envisioning Synthesis and Synergy Mission The Mission of the Tropical Resources Institute is the application of interdis- ciplinary, problem-oriented, applied research to the creation of practical solutions to the most complex challenges confronting the management of tropical resources worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Vulnerability of Water Supply Systems to Drought
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Reports Utah Water Research Laboratory January 1978 Vulnerability of Water Supply Systems to Drought D. T. Jensen Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/water_rep Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons Recommended Citation Jensen, D. T., "Vulnerability of Water Supply Systems to Drought" (1978). Reports. Paper 318. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/water_rep/318 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Utah Water Research Laboratory at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vulnerability of Water Supply Systems to Drought D. T. Jensen VULNERABILITY OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS TO DROUGHT by D. T. Jensen A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Engineering Approved: a Major Co Committee Member Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 1978 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported by Agreement Number 14-34-0001-7094 from the Office of Water Resources Technology to the Utah Water Research Laboratory. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. David S. Bowles, principal investigator, for his continued interest and critical review of the research. Also, I would like to thank Professors A. Bruce Bishop, Committee Chairman; Joel E. Fletcher, E. Bruce Godfrey, A. Leon Huber and J. Paul Riley for their help, encouragement and participation on the committee. Others who have assisted materially in this study include Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Diaphragmatic Hernia of the Stomach with Gastric Rupture in a Domestic Pig
    Comparative Medicine Vol 66, No 5 Copyright 2016 October 2016 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Pages 399–404 Case Study Diaphragmatic Hernia of the Stomach with Gastric Rupture in a Domestic Pig Lori R Hill,1,* Steven Y Huang,2 and Mihai Gagea1 A 5.5-mo-old castrated, male Red Duroc pig presented acutely with depression and abdominal pain 9 d after an altercation with another pig. A CT examination indicated right pneumothorax and herniation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity. Due to a poor prognosis, the pig was euthanized. A necropsy and gross examination revealed a tear of the diaphragmatic muscle in the region of the esophageal hiatus through which the stomach was displaced into the right side of the thoracic cavity. In addition, the herniated stomach had a rupture of the stomach wall through which the gastric mucosa was everted and exposed into the right thoracic cavity. The right thoracic cavity had acute fibrinous pleuritis, and the right lung was collapsed. CT scans performed every 1 to 2 wk for 2 mo prior to the pig’s death did not reveal any abnormalities in the diaphragm. Trauma was considered the most likely cause of the diaphragmatic tear and subsequent herniation and rupture of the stomach. Abbreviation: DH, diaphragmatic hernia Hernias involving the diaphragm comprise 3 main types: peri- strenuous activity or dystocia can be contributing factors. In cattle toneopericardial, in which abdominal organs extend into the and water buffalo, trauma can lead to herniation of the reticu- pericardial sac; pleuroperitoneal, in which abdominal organs lum.21 DH in conjunction with intrathoracic gastric rupture has are found within the pleural cavity; and hiatal, in which the ab- been described in humans; contributing factors include pregnan- dominal esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, or portions of cy, 22 gastric ulceration,23 strangulation,6 gastroplasty,30 bariatric the stomach protrude through the esophageal hiatus of the dia- surgery39 and volvulus.33 phragm into the thoracic cavity.21 DH is uncommon in swine.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Christian Leipe
    Insights into late Quaternary vegetation and climate dynamics in Monsoon Asia obtained from numerical pollen-based reconstructions Doctoral thesis Christian Leipe Insights into late Quaternary vegetation and climate dynamics in Monsoon Asia obtained from numerical pollen-based reconstructions Doctoral thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the academic degree Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) to the Department of Earth Sciences of the FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN by Dipl.-Geogr. Christian Leipe Berlin, May 2014 Front cover figure: Schematic illustration of the mean main wind directions (arrows) after Kalnay et al. (1996) and the 400 mm precipitation isoline (red line) after New et al. (2002) in Monsoon Asia during summer (June–September). 1st Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Pavel E. Tarasov 2nd Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Frank Riedel Date of defence: 30 June 2014 Abstract Abstract The Asian monsoon is one of the major components of the world’s climate system. The monsoon circulation during the warm half of the year (the Asian summer monsoon) brings significant amounts of precipitation – mainly between May and September – to a vast area of South and East Asia stretching from the western Arabian Sea to the southern Russian Far East. The Asian summer monsoon is generally subdivided into the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM). Numerous studies have demonstrated that both subsystems have varied significantly over different time scales during the late Quaternary. In order to predict potential future climate dynamics in Monsoon Asia and to provide essential information to build adaptation strategies, it is crucial to understand the spatiotemporal patterns and the magnitude of past variations in the Asian monsoon activity and their relation to other components of the global climate system as well as extraterrestrial forcing factors.
    [Show full text]