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United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,867,260 Cameron Et Al

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United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,867,260 Cameron Et Al United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 4,867,260 Cameron et al. [45] Date of Patent: Sep. 19, 1989 [54] ALL-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE POWER TRAIN OTHER PUBLICATIONS vw Golf Syncro, VISCODRIVE. [75] Inventors: Dugald Cameron, Grosse Pointe Woods, Mich.; Karl Friedrich, Primary Examiner-Mitchell J'. Hill Leibnitz, Austria; Rudolf Zmugg; Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Edward P. Barthel Peter Resele, both of Graz, Austria [57] ABSTRACT [73] Assignee: Chrysler Motors Corporation, A drive line assembly and mounting arrangement for Highland Park, Mich. converting a front engine front wheel drive vehicle to an on-demand four wheel drive system. The vehicle [211 Appl. No.: 266,462 rear axle is adapted to be selectively driven by means of a viscous ?uid coupling positioned intermediate a for [22] Filed: Nov. 2, 1988 ward angled universal-joint drive line assembly and a rear torque tube enclosed longitudinal propeller shaft [30] Foreign Application Priority Data assembly. An overrunning clutch is rigidly connected Dec. 15, 1987 [AT] Austria ............................... ,. 3296/87 intermediate a forwardly extending neck portion of the rear axle drive housing and the torque tube de?nes a [51] Int. Cl.“ ..................... .. B60K 17/35; B60K 23/04 composite torque tube structure. The overrunning [52] US. Cl. .. 180/360; 180/233; clutch is adapted to be locked for a transmission of 180/248; 180/249; 180/380 torque during normal driving. The rear axle drive hous [58] Field of Search ............ .. 180/248, 249, 233, 73.1, ing is sprung from the frame by a pair of transversely 180/75.1, 75.2, 88; 248/635, 634 aligned isolation mounts while the composite torque tube is resiliently secured by a bracket support adjacent [56] References Cited its forward end. The composite torque tube provides an U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS extended lever arm of a predetermined length that oscil lates in a vertical plane about the transverse axis of the 3,232,384 2/1966 Esser et al. .................. .. l80/73.l X pair of rear mounts whereby the reaction torque vibra 3,760,922 9/1973 Rolt et al. 180/248 X 4,031,780 6/1977 Dolan et al. 180/248 X tions from the rear axle drive imparted to the forward resilient bracket support are effectively dampened. 4,141,428 2/1979 Loeb . .. ISO/75.2 4,605,087 8/1986 Ashauer et al. 180/248 4,699,230 10/1987 Solleder et al. l80/73.l 1 Claim, 3 Drawing Sheets US. Patent Sep. 19, 1989 Sheet 2 of3 4,867,260 FIG . 2 46 48 5g 56 54 5° - 100 24 I9 25 44 94 33 3l/5a Z9 2a 32 30 35 26 36 56 I02 FIGS 72 75 76 I7 66 a f 58 69 70 74 54 I25 75 lZé 66 82 80 US. Patent Sep. 19,1989 Sheet 3 of 3 4,867,260 FIG4 H4 [A] I! II A [/4 H66 I06 4,867,260 1 2 gears. The Golf Syncro has no central differential but ALL-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE POWER TRAIN rather a viscous coupling ?ange-mounted on the rear axle differential that provides a permanent, variable BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION four-wheel drive known as “Viscous Transmission”. A This invention relates to all-wheel drive systems for free-wheel or overrunning clutch is housed in the rear motor vehicles and, more particularly to an improved axle that provides complete disconnection of the rear arrangement for accommodating a controllable free axle in overrun condition and when breaking. An elec wheeling clutch in a housing which is rigid with both tropneumatic system automatically locks the overrun the housing of the vehicle rear axle drive and the pro ning clutch when reverse gear is selected, meaning that peller shaft torque tube. the four-wheel drive is also available for reversing. The U.S. Pat. No. 4,605,087 issued Aug. 12, 1986, to SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Ashauer et al. discloses an all-wheel drive system for vehicles wherein the front and rear driving wheels are It is an object of the present invention to provide a connected permanently by a drive train between the rear axle drive line structural mounting arrangement front transaxle and the rear driven axle. A freewheeling 15 comprising an overrunning clutch and a viscous cou or overrunning clutch device is provided in the drive pling adapted for converting a front wheel drive motor line for uncoupling the drive train in accordance with vehicle into an all-wheel drive system wherein the mag the applied torque. Thus, a decrease in the rotational nitude of the road induced vibrations and drive torque speed of the front wheels can not be transmitted to the reactions imparted to the vehicle rear axle drive line are rear wheels through the driving connection between 0 attenuated by virtue of a unique torque transmitting them. Accordingly, when the primary or foot brake is drive line housing structural assembly and resilient iso actuated with a rigid coupling between the front and lation chassis mounting arrangement therefore. rear wheels, the overrunning clutch system responds to It is another object of the present invention to pro the braking action on the front wheels uncoupling the vide a rear axle drive line arrangement as set forth rear wheels whereby any overbraking of the front above wherein the overrunning clutch is required to wheels can not be transmitted to the rear wheels transmit relatively low torques. through the drive train. It is still another object of the present invention to The Ashauer drive train further provides a liquid provide a rear axle drive line arrangment as set forth friction or viscous coupling connection located at the above wherein the viscous coupling is arranged in a input end of the rear axle differential for transmitting compact easily serviced manner. variable torques depending upon the speed differentials The present invention as set forth above comprises a between the input and output shafts of the drive train. vehicle having front and rear axles with front engine Thus, when the directly driven front wheels and rear wheels rotational speed is about equal the viscous cou front wheel drive transaxle which is adapted to provide pling will transmit practically no torque allowing the an on-demand four wheel drive system. The drive train rear wheels to follow the front wheels with no signifi includes a propeller shaft incorporating both a viscous cant driving action. When front wheel speed exceeds liquid friction coupling and an overrunning clutch. The the rear wheel speed, such as “wheel slip” caused by overrunning clutch is adapted to be locked for the trans wet, snow-covered or icy roads, the viscous coupling mission of torque during normal driving and unlocked will react and produce a rising high torque transfer 40 upon braking to prevent a decrease in the rotational connection between the drive train input and output speed of the vehicle front wheels from being transmit shafts. ted to the rear wheels through the drive line connection In one embodiment of Ashauer the rear differential therebetween. housing includes a rigid longitudinal tube portion ad The rear axle is provided with an angle drive and a joining the liquid friction coupling. The tube portion, differential contained in a common housing. A rear however, is relatively short and is secured to the frame ward portion of the longitudinal propeller shaft assem at a location which is spaced a relatively small distance bly is accommodated in an extended composite torque in front of the axis of the rear axle drive such that objec tube the aft end of which is rigidly secured to the front tional rear axle drive torque reaction forces are im end of the overrunning clutch housing. The overrun parted to the vehicle body. 50 ning clutch housing thus becomes a ?xed rearward The Ashauer patent discloses an overrunning clutch extension of the composite torque tube enabling its aft directly connected to the housing of the front axle drive end to be ?xedly connected to a forwardly extending with resultant engine vibrations being transmitted via neck portion of the rear axle drive housing. the front axle drive to the clutch housing. This arrange The rear axle drive housing is resiliently sprung'from ment creates vibrations which may interfere with the the underside of the vehicle frame by a pair of trans actuating means for locking the overrunning clutch. In versely spaced resilient rear isolation mounts. A single addition it may be impractical to arrange the overrun~ resilient forward isolation bracket supports the front ning clutch close to the front axle drive. This is particu end of the composite torque tube to a frame crossbeam larly true in vehicles that have originally been designed at a predetermined distance forward of the pair of rear for a front wheel _drive transaxle and subsequently are 60 mounts. By virtue of the unique structure of the present converted to an all-wheel drive mode. invention by rear axle drive housing and composite A four-wheel drive system is provided in the VW torque tube assembly are resiliently sprung from the “Golf Syncro” automobile which has a transverse front frame at fore and aft locations spaced apart by a dis engine that requires a bevel drive to the longitudinal tance which is at least about one-quarter the dimension propeller shaft. The rear axle differential has a transmis 65 of the vehicle wheelbase. In this way the reaction sion ratio of almost 1, meaning that the speed of the torque of the prop shaft rear pinion gear as applied to longitudinal shaft as almost equal to that of the half the forward support bracket is substantially reduced by shafts.
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