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Home , Astoria Boulevard, Astoria Center of Israel, Ditmars Boulevard, Modern Art Foundry, Nicole Petallides, Roosevelt Island Bridge

Astoria,

could see across the the new Long Island vil- lage named in his honor. Astor, however, never actually set foot in Astoria. During the second half of the 19th century, economic and commercial growth brought increased immigration from German settlers, mostly furniture and cabinet mak- ers. One such settler was Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg, patriarch of the Steinway family who founded the pi- ano company Steinway & Sons in 1853, which today is a worldwide piano company. Later on the Steinways built a sawmill and foundry, as well as a streetcar line. The family eventually established Steinway Village for their workers, a company town that provided school instruc- tion in German as well as English.[6] Astoria and several other surrounding villages, includ- ing Steinway, were incorporated into in Location of Astoria in City 1870. Long Island City remained an independent munic- ipality until it was incorporated into in Astoria is a middle-class and commercial neighborhood 1898. The area’s farms were turned into housing tracts with a population of 154,000[2] in the northwestern cor- and street grids to accommodate the growing number of ner of the New York City borough of Queens. Lo- residents.[4] cated in Community Board 1, Astoria is bounded by the Astoria also figured prominently in early American film- East River and is adjacent to three other Queens neigh- making as one of its initial centers, a heritage preserved borhoods: Long Island City, Sunnyside (bordering at today by the Museum of the Moving Image and Kaufman Northern Boulevard), and Woodside (bordering at 50th Astoria Studios. Street). Astoria is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 114th Precinct.[3] Today, much of the Astoria waterfront is being redevel- oped and underutilized industrial sites in forgotten his- toric neighborhoods are being revived. Hallets Point is one of five former industrial sites on the waterfront being 1 History transformed, and will bring seven new mixed-use resi- dential towers, including 2,000 market-rate units and 500 affordable units, into the neighborhood.[7] The develop- The area now known as Astoria was originally called Hal- ment will also include new waterfront parks, a supermar- let’s Cove, after its first landowner William Hallet, who ket, retail shops and restaurants, and two new schools. settled there in 1659 with his wife, Elizabeth Fones. Be- These waterfront projects were designed by a New York ginning in the early 19th century, affluent New Yorkers architectural firm, in conjunction with private develop- constructed large residences around 12th and 14th streets, ers, city agencies and landscape architects.[8][9] an area that later became known as Astoria Village (now Old Astoria). Hallet’s Cove, founded in 1839 by fur mer- chant Stephen A. Halsey, was a noted recreational desti- nation and resort for ’s wealthy.[4][5] 2 Demographics The area was renamed after John Jacob Astor, then the wealthiest man in America with a net worth of over $40 Astoria was first settled by the Dutch and Germans in the million, in order to persuade him to invest just $2,000 in 17th century. Many Irish settled in the area during the the neighborhood. He only invested $500, but the name waves of Irish immigration into New York City during stayed nonetheless, as a bitter battle over naming the vil- the 19th and early 20th centuries. lage finally was won by Astor’s supporters and friends. Italians were the next significant immigrants in Asto- From Astor’s summer home in Hell Gate, Manhattan— ria, and numerous Italian restaurants, delis, bakeries, and on what is now East 87th Street near York Avenue—he pizza shops are found throughout Astoria, particularly in

1 2 3 DESCRIPTION

restaurants, bakeries, tavernas and cafes, as well as sev- eral Greek Orthodox churches. While the population of Greeks in Astoria was 22,579 in 1980, it dropped to 18,127 by 1990 due to decreased immigration and lower birth rates. Greek organizations in the area include the Hellenic American Action Committee (HANAC) and the Federation of Hellenic Societies of Greater New York.[11] Many Maltese also live in Astoria, around 20,000, and al- though this population has steadily been emigrating from the area, there are still many Maltese, supported by the Maltese Center of New York. Beginning in the mid-1970s, the neighborhood’s Arab Fruit market on Broadway, a major neighborhood thoroughfare population grew from earlier immigrants from Lebanon and retail area. to also include people from Egypt, Syria, Yemen, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria. In the 1990s, be- tween 28th Avenue and saw the es- tablishment of many Arabic shops, restaurants and cafes, which is unofficially called “Little Egypt”. Astoria’s South American and European population has seen significant growth since the early 1990s, including a large population of Brazilians, who reside in the 36th Avenue area. Albanians, Bulgarians, and Bosnians have also shown a rise in numbers. Many Spanish Americans live in Astoria, with most of them being of Galician her- itage from Northwestern Spain; this community being supported by the Casa Galicia, or Galicia House. At one time, many Bangladeshi Americans settled in As- toria, but by 2001, many of the Bangladeshi American people in Astoria had moved to Metro Detroit. A survey 31st Avenue at 33rd Street in Astoria of an Astoria-area Bengali language newspaper estimated that, in an 18-month period until March 2001, 8,000 Bangladeshi people moved to the Detroit area. However, as of 2010, the Bangladeshi American community in As- toria has been increasing, as Bangladeshi immigrants are increasingly settling in Astoria.[12] Population losses in Queens were particularly high in immigrant neighborhoods such as Astoria, which suf- fered the greatest population loss in the city—it lost over 10,000 residents between the years 2000 and 2010.[13]

3 Description

36th Street between 30th Avenue and 31st Avenue in Astoria 3.1 Geography

There is some debate as to what constitutes the geo- the area. graphic boundaries of Astoria. The neighborhood was Jews were also a significant ethnic and religious group. part of Long Island City prior to the latter’s incorpora- The , which is listed on the tion into the City of New York in 1898, and much of it is National Register of Historic Places, was built in 1925 af- still classified as LIC by the USPS. ter outgrowing the former Congregation Mishkan Israel, [10] The area south of Astoria was called Ravenswood, and which was built in 1904. traditionally, Broadway was considered the border be- The 1960s saw a large number of ethnic Greeks from tween the two. Today, however, many residents and busi- Greece, and immigrants from Cyprus in 1974. The nesses south of Broadway identify themselves as Asto- Greek cultural imprint can be seen in the numerous Greek rians for convenience or status, since Long Island City 3.1 Geography 3

3.1.1 Ravenswood

Ravenswood is the name for the strip of land border- ing the East River in Long Island City, and is part of Astoria.[16] The land was acquired in 1814 by Col. George Gibbs, a businessman from New York City who developed it. Gibbs died in 1833, and the land was divided into nine parcels by three developers. From 1848, there were sev- eral mansions built on this land, but the high class housing did not survive. The spring of 1853 brought the open- ing of a post office of its own and country store “run by Messrs. Moore & Luyster, and Mr. Samuel H. Moore of that firm received the appointment of postmaster, han- dling the mails in a corner of the store.”[17] Ravenswood, unlike Astoria, never became a village; there was no disposition at any time to become indepen- dent as there was insufficient population or commercial activity to justify such a move. Ravenswood remained an exclusive hamlet within the Town of Newtown until its absorption with the Village of Astoria and the hamlets of Hunters Point, Blissville, Sunnyside, Dutch Kills, Stein- way, and Middleton in Newtown Township into Long Island City in 1870.[18] In 1870, Ravenswood, along with several other hamlets and the Village of Asto- ria, merged to form Long Island City.[17] In 1875, the first commercial buildings were erected, and the mansions were converted into offices and boarding houses. In 1879, the Long Island Terra Cotta Company was established in Ravenswood, by Rudolph Franke. By Detail of 1896 map of Long Island City, showing Astoria and 1900, Ravenswood was heavily commercial, and remains Ravenswood, from the Greater Astoria Historical Society. so to this day. However, the name has retained its res- idential character through the New York City Housing Authority project that was built in 1949 to 1951 with this name between 34th and 36th Avenues, and 12th and 24th Streets. The name also identifies the large electric power station established along the shore of the East River, just south of the Bridge. The Ravenswood No. 3 Generating Station was built by Con Edison in 1963-65 but, due to deregulation, has subsequently been owned by KeySpan, National Grid, and TransCanada. The power Night view of the and Manhattan from Asto- plant can generate approximately 2,500 megawatts of ria Park power, which is about 20 percent of New York City’s electricity demand.[19]

has historically been considered an industrial area, and 3.1.2 Ditmars Ravenswood is now mostly a low-income neighborhood. Some of the thoroughfares have lent their names to unof- Ditmars is a middle class section of Astoria bounded by ficial terms for the areas they serve. For instance, the east- Bowery Bay to the north, 31st Street to the east (boundary ern end of Astoria, with Steinway Street as its main thor- with the adjacent neighborhood of Steinway, with which oughfare, is sometimes referred to simply as “Steinway”, Ditmars is sometimes confused), 23rd Avenue to the and the northern end around Ditmars Boulevard is some- south and the East River on the west. The adjacent Stein- times referred to as “Ditmars”.[14] Banners displayed on way neighborhood was largely developed as a company lamp posts along 30th Avenue refer to it as “the Heart of town by the Steinway & Sons piano company, and in- Astoria”.[15] cluded houses and public facilities that were also avail- 4 3 DESCRIPTION

station of the Flushing Post Office.

3.2 Places of interest

A street in Ditmars (2012) able to non-employees.[20] However, the Ditmars neigh- borhood was not included in the Steinway & Sons com- pany housing and related facilities project. Ditmars is considered to be a popular neighborhood among young professionals and in some real estate references the adja- cent neighborhoods of Ditmars and Steinway are joined as a single “Ditmars-Steinway” reference. The neighbor- hood takes its name from Ditmars Boulevard which was named in honor of Raymond Lee Ditmars, (1876-1942) famed American herpetologist and curator of Reptiles of Museum of the Moving Image on 35th Avenue in Astoria the New York Zoological Society at Zoo.[21]

3.1.3 Astoria Heights

Astoria Heights, or Upper Ditmars, is bounded by Hazen Street to the west, La Guardia Airport to the east, Bowery Bay to the north, and Astoria Boulevard and the to the south. It is mostly a quiet middle class neighborhood of 1 and 2 family private homes. The Riker-Lent Homestead is near the north end of As- toria Heights at 78-03 19th Road. Built around 1655 by Abraham Riker under a patent from Nieuw Nederland’s last governor, Peter Stuyvesant, it is believed to be the oldest remaining dwelling in New York City still used as [22] a residence. There is an adjacent family cemetery. The A residential street in Astoria with bike lanes Smiths, who bought the house in 1975, have been restor- ing it for many years. The annual public tour was given usually in mid-September by the owners for the benefit of • Museum of the Moving Image in the former [23] a local historical society, but has since ceased to occur. building Before Prohibition, there were dance halls, picnic areas • Museum and amusement park rides at North Beach. Ragtime composer Scott Joplin is buried across the • Grand Central Parkway at St. Michael’s Cemetery which • occasionally holds ragtime concerts. along the East River, is Astoria’s largest park and also contains the largest of New The to New York City’s main prison, York City’s public pools (at 330 feet long)[24] which Rikers Island, runs from the north end of Hazen Street. was also the former site of the 1936 and 1964 U.S. Technically, Rikers Island is in the Bronx since New York Olympic trials. City took it over from Long Island City in 1884, after it had annexed the South Bronx but before it consolidated • The and New York Connecting Queens. However, like Astoria Heights, Rikers Island Railroad/Northeast Corridor viaduct rise high above gets its mail from the East Elmhurst (Zip code 11370) Astoria. 5

• The oldest beer garden in New York City, The primary streets running north-south are Vernon Bohemian Hall, was founded in 1910 when Asto- Boulevard along the East River; 21st Street, a major traf- ria was largely Irish, Italian, Bohemian (Czech), and fic artery with a mix of residential, commercial and in- Slovak.[25] dustrial areas; 31st Street; and Steinway Street (named for Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg (later Henry E. Steinway), • The Greater Astoria Historical Society in the his- founder of the piano company Steinway & Sons),[30] a toric Quinn Memorial Building on the corner of major commercial street with many retail stores, and a Broadway and 36th Street serves as a valuable his- very prominent Middle Eastern section between Astoria torical resource as well as providing tourist informa- Boulevard and 28th Avenue, the area is full of Middle tion. Eastern food restaurants which present some local types • St. Michael’s Cemetery on Astoria Boulevard of food from Lebanon, Egypt and Morocco, most food is the burial place of composer and pianist Scott in these restaurants is Halal to suit the Muslim residents Joplin.[26] and gangster Frank Costello. who are main customers in this neighborhood. The 21st Street – Queensbridge subway station (F train) • Steinway & Sons piano factory located at 1 Stein- also serves the area at Queensbridge Houses. way Place (not to be confused with Steinway Street) has been in operation in Astoria since the late 19th century and represents a legacy of award-winning craftsmanship, arts patronage, and the once vibrant, stand-alone Steinway Village. Limited tours of the 5 Health care factory are available.[27] • Bicycle lanes, built as part of the city’s bike lane system, added to Astoria’s roadways include marked space along Vernon Boulevard, 20th Avenue, 21st Street, 34th amd 36th Avenues, and access to pro- tected paths crossing the Triborough Bridge onto Randalls and Wards Islands. Riders may also en- gage in more scenic biking along short, unmarked sections of 19th Street bordering both Astoria Park and Ralph DeMarco Park, a span that is occasionally closed to motor vehicle traffic during events.[28] • The , a foundry, is located in Astoria.

4 Transportation

FDNY Engine 312 in Astoria, Queens

Because of its location, Astoria is conveniently served by several nearby New York City hospitals and medical cen- ters, as well as FDNY EMS service. As of 2014, there N train entering 30th Avenue station are 5 FDNY firehouses in Astoria. Mount Sinai Hospital of Queens is the only true hospital medical center in the Astoria is served by the E M R trains of the New York neighborhood. It operates 24/7 and is part of the Mount City Subway that stop at Steinway Street and 46th Street Sinai Health System network. Other nearby hospitals in- stations on the underground IND Line clude Elmhurst Hospital Center in nearby Elmhurst, as as well as the N Q trains which run along the elevated well as Forest Hills Hospital (part of the North Shore LIJ BMT Astoria Line above 31st Street.[29] Health System) in Forest Hills. 6 7 NOTABLE PEOPLE

6 Education 7 Notable people

6.1 Schools

The New York City Department of Education operates Astoria’s public schools.[31] Astoria also has several private schools, many of which offer parochial education:

• Immaculate Conception School (21-63 29th Street) • Les Enfants Montessori School (29-21 Newton Av- enue) • Our Lady of Mt. Carmel School (23-15 Newtown Avenue) • Queens Lutheran School (31-20 37th Street) • St. Catherine and St. George School (22-30 33rd Street) • St. Demetrios Astoria School (30-03 30th Drive) • St. Francis of Assisi School (21-18 46 Street) • St. John's Preparatory School (21-21 Crescent Street) • St. Joseph’s Academy (Pre- – 8th) (28-46 44th Street) • Most Precious Blood School (Pre-K - 8th) (32-52 37th Street) Night view of the Hell Gate Bridge from Astoria Park. • El-Ber Islamic School (25-42 49th Street)

6.2 Libraries 7.1 Born in Astoria

• Jesse Eisenberg (born 1983), actor

• Ted Alexandro (born 1969), comedian[33]

• Tony Bennett (born 1926), Grammy-winning singer[34][35]

• Hillary Brooke (born Beatrice Peterson, 1914- 1999), actress and Lou Costello’s love interest on The Abbott and Costello TV Show

• The Cadillac Man, author, Land of the Lost Souls: My Life on the Streets[36][37]

• Maria Callas (1923–1977), opera singer [38] Astoria Boulevard library (childhood) • Chester Carlson (1906–1968), invented xerography Queens Borough Public Library operates three branches at his Astoria laboratory in 1938.[39] within Astoria’s ZIP codes:[32] • Robert Davi, actor, appeared in The Goonies, Die • Astoria (14-01 Astoria Boulevard) Hard, and Licence to Kill • Broadway (40-20 Broadway) • John Frusciante (born 1970), guitarist for Red Hot • Steinway (21-45 31st Street) Chili Peppers 7.3 Grave sites 7

• Anthony Giacchino (born 1969), filmmaker and • Nicole Petallides (born 1971), producer[40] reporter[54]

• George Gibbs (1815–1873), geologist who con- • Henrietta Rodman (1877-1923), feminist and edu- tributed to the study of the languages of the cator indigenous peoples of Washington Territory[41] • Christopher Walken (born 1943), Oscar-winning • Jack Kelly (1927-1992), actor; Mayor of Hunting- actor[34] ton Beach, California[42] • Renee Young (born 1985), WWE Diva • Patrick McGoohan (1928–2009), actor[43]

• Ethel Merman (1908–1984), Broadway actress and 7.3 Grave sites singer[34] Additionally, several notable people are buried here. As- • Eric Metaxas (born 1963), author, founder of toria is the final resting place of New York City mobster “Socrates in the City”[44] Frank Costello as well as ragtime composer and musician Scott Joplin. Both Costello and Joplin are interred at St. • Marilyn Milian (born 1961), judge on television se- Michael’s Cemetery. The cemetery hosts annual public ries The People’s Court events and concerts to celebrate Joplin’s musical legacy, [55] • Dito Montiel (born 1965), author, screenwriter, di- including a Joplin retrospective. rector and musician • Al Oerter (1936–2007), Olympic discus throw 4- 8 In popular culture time gold medalist[45]

• Melanie Safka (born 1947), singer-songwriter[46] The neighborhood has often been featured in various me- dia; in film and television, the area is either featured as • Franz Schurmann (1926–2010), Cold War-era ex- Astoria or as a setting for another location in New York pert on the People’s Republic of China[47] City. • David Schwimmer (born 1966), actor and director Film in television and film • In the 1970 film Joe, Peter Boyle's character lives in • Dee Snider (born 1955) singer of rock band Twisted Astoria. Sister • The 1973 film adaptation of the John-Michael Tebe- • Christopher Walken (born 1943), actor lak stage musical Godspell includes multiple images of characters beneath the supports for The Hell Gate Bridge, or East River Arch Bridge, as seen from 7.2 Raised in or moved to Astoria Randall’s Island, both while the plot unfolds as well as during visual montages that take place in such • Alvey A. Adee (1842-1924), acting U.S. Secretary numbers as Day by Day and We Beseech Thee. The of State.[48] view of the bridge is similar to those found in Asto- • Lidia Bastianich, (born 1947) celebrity chef, TV ria Park and Astoria can occasionally be viewed in host, cookbook author and restauranteur[49] the background of shots facing east. • • Frank Bonsangue, actor and television King Kong (1976) had a scene in Astoria, at Astoria personality[50] Boulevard and 31st Street, where the two main char- acters board the RR train at the Astoria Boulevard • Eddie Bracken (1915–2002), actor station on the BMT Astoria Line.

• Whitey Ford (born 1928), New York Yankees • The 1991 movie Queens Logic was filmed all around pitcher[51] Astoria and features an Astoria landmark—the Hell Gate Bridge. One of the screenwriters, Tony Spiri- • Chamique Holdsclaw (born 1977), basketball player dakis, has roots in Astoria. • George Maharis (born 1928), actor and comedian • The 1996 independent film Girls Town shows scenes best known for his work on Route 66[52] shot in Astoria Park. • John H. Meier (born 1933), financier and former • The 1982 film version of Tempest starring John Cas- business associate of Howard Hughes; also involved savetes had scenes shot at the cafes on 23rd Ave off with Watergate[53] 31st St. 8 8 IN POPULAR CULTURE

• Woody Allen’s 2002 film Hollywood Ending had • Astoria is the setting for the book, A Guide to Rec- scenes shot in the neighborhood surrounding the ognizing Your Saints, later made into a film starring Kaufman Astoria stages. Robert Downey, Jr. and Shia LaBeouf, about the filmmaker’s experiences growing up in the neighbor- • The Accidental Husband (2008), Directed by Griffin hood during the 1980s. The 2006 movie was filmed Dunne; with Uma Thurman, Colin Firth and Jeffrey at various locations around Astoria. Dean Morgan was filmed in Astoria on 33rd Street and 23rd Avenue. • Astoria is the setting for the novel Autobiography/Masquerade, also released in • The 2011 remake of the comedy film Arthur depicts 2006. It was written to honor the memory of at least one scene showing Astoria, Queens, using a Antonio “Nino” Pellegrino, an Astoria native who Batmobile visual shown from 34th Street and 34th appeared briefly in A Bronx Tale. Avenue in the neighborhood. • Two notable Robert De Niro films were filmed on Music location in Astoria—Goodfellas and A Bronx Tale. While the latter was set in the Bronx, most of the • exterior scenes were filmed in Astoria as well as the The music video for the 1985 song Your Love by nearby neighborhood of Woodside. The high school the British band The Outfield was set in a sound featured in the film is William Cullen Bryant High stage/painting studio in the rear of what is currently School on 31st Avenue, and the church used in the Strand Pharmacy at 25-01 Broadway. At the end film is St. Joseph’s on 30th Avenue, and the fu- of the video, the female “painter” walks out of the neral parlor scenes were shot from a funeral home sound stage onto Crescent St. and then makes a left on 30th Ave, across the street from St. Joseph’s onto Broadway. Church. Other films shot in Astoria include Five • [56] Sufjan Stevens' recorded a majority of Illinoise at Corners (1987), starring Jodie Foster, and the The Buddy Project Recording Studio in Astoria. 1950s Serpico (1973) with Al Pacino had several scenes filmed in Astoria. The elevated train stop • A Guinness World Record was set in Astoria on July at Ditmars Boulevard was the location for a chase 18, 2009, for the “Largest Musical Saw Ensemble”. scene and Serpico has a clandestine meeting in As- The record, part of the annual NYC Musical Saw toria Park under the Hellgate Bridge. Festival (in Astoria since 2002) was organized by Natalia Paruz at Trinity Lutheran Church, with the Gaming participation of 53 people playing the musical saw together. • The video game Grand Theft Auto IV—which takes place in a mock New York City named Liberty • Rapper Action Bronson filmed his music video City—has a neighborhood named Steinway in the “Strictly 4 My Jeeps” in Astoria. The video was re- borough of Dukes, the counterpart of Queens in leased on May 20, 2013 as the single for his upcom- the game. The game features a Bohemian Hall- ing album Saaab Stories. inspired “Steinway Beer Garden”, but as an Irish- • Queens Metal band Emmure released a track on and-German themed bar instead of Czech. (A their 3rd studio album “Felony” titled “Bars in As- mock TV commercial for the Steinway Beer Gar- toria”. It was featured on the Ibanez website in their den, viewable at the Rockstar website, includes the interview with members of the band in promotion voice-over remarking that the Garden is “ethnically of their product. confused.”)[57] Steinway Park is modeled after As- toria Park, with its famous outdoor pool (including the diving platforms) and scenic water’s-edge - Television way. Numerous signs and awnings of real local As- toria businesses appear in the game, although the • The 1970s situation comedy All in the Family was names have been altered (e.g. “ASTORIA Medical set in Astoria, although the address given for Archie Dental” becomes “ROSARIA Medical Dental”). Bunker’s home (704 Hauser Street) is fictional. • The video game The Godfather II depicts Astoria in • The television series Cosby, starring Bill Cosby, its version of New York City. Phylicia Rashad and Madeleine Kahn (not to be con- fused with the earlier series The Cosby Show) was Literature set in Astoria and was filmed there, at the Kaufman Astoria Studios on 35th Avenue.[58] • In The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is pulled over by a policeman on a “motor cycle” in Astoria while driv- • The block of 37th Street between Ditmars Boule- ing with the narrator into the city. vard and 23rd Avenue is sometimes referred to 9

as “the Seinfeld Street.” In the Seinfeld televi- [9] Gordon, David (June 24, 2009). “Plans to develop Hal- sion show, this street is occasionally seen in exter- lets Point in Astoria”. queenscourier.com. The Queens nal establishing shots as the block where George Courier. Retrieved 5 December 2013. Costanza’s parents live.[59] [10] The Jewish Community in Long Island City; The Queens • Kaufman Astoria Studios has further been longtime Jewish Historical Society (Greater Astoria Historical So- ciety) host to the PBS series Sesame Street and has been credited with local shoots on films like The Stepford [11] Williams, Solange; Stephanie Mejia (2001). “Astoria: 'A Wives, the 2009 remake of The Taking of Pelham Little Greece' in New York”. New York University. Re- 123, and the Golden Globe-winning Angels in Amer- trieved 6 February 2010. ica. [12] Kershaw, Sarah. "Queens to Detroit: A Bangladeshi Pas- • The Greek television program Stous 31 Dromous sage.” The New York Times. March 8, 2001. Retrieved on (“On 31st Street”) was filmed in Astoria in 2007.[60] February 28, 2012. [13] “NYC2010” (PDF). Results from the 2010 census. City of • The Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black New York. Retrieved 31 March 2013. is shot at Kaufman Astoria Studios as well as on lo- cation in Astoria. [14] Jones, Delmos J.; Joan Turner and Joan Montbach (De- cember 1992). “Declining Social Services and the Threat • The Showtime original series Nurse Jackie is shot at to Social Reproduction: An Urban Dilemma”. City & So- Kaufman Astoria Studios as well as on location in ciety 6 (2): 99–114. doi:10.1525/city.1992.6.2.99. Astoria. [15] O'Donnell, Michelle. “Life Limps On for Powerless in the Heart of Astoria”, The New York Times, July 23, 2006. Colloquialisms Accessed January 30, 2008. “Gary Lyons shook his head. He pointed to welcome banners that had been affixed to • Because of its proximity to Manhattan and semi- lampposts. “See the flag?” he asked. “The heart of Asto- ria,” it reads, “Welcome to 30th Avenue.”" reasonable rents, Astoria has become home to an ever-increasing number of fledgling actors lending [16] Forgotten New York: Ravenswood to the nomenclature “Actoria”—a term coined by Astorian actor/writer Jason Arcaro who moved to [17] Seyfried, Vincent F. (1984). 300 Years of Long Island Astoria in the 1990s before the thespian “coup de City: 1630-1930. USA: Greater Astoria Historical Soci- main”.[61] ety. [18] • Neighborhoods: Ravenswood from the Greater As- toria Historical Society

9 References [19] Massey, Daniel (June 23, 2009). “Labor fight could un- plug Queens power plant”. Crain’s New York Business. [1] 2000 Census Retrieved 2009-08-14.

[2] http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/census2010/t_ [20] Jackson, Kenneth T., The Encyclopedia of New York City, pl_p1_nta.pdf Yale University Press, 1995, p. 335.

[3] 114th Precinct [21] Neighborhood Gudies. http://www.nestseekers.com/ Guides/Neighborhood/Ditmars-Steinway. 29 June 2010. [4] “History Topics”. Greater Astoria Historical Society. Re- trieved 2008-02-25. [22] The Lent-Riker-Smith Homestead: History, accessed De- cember 25, 2006. “The facts confirm that this dwelling [5] “The Neighborhoods of Long Island City”. Greater As- is the oldest dwelling in New York City that is still a toria Historical Society. Archived from the original on 8 dwelling.” March 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-25. [23] In 2008 the tour benefitted the Greater Astoria Historical [6] “Neighborhoods: Steinway”. Greater Astoria Historical Society. Society. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-25. [24] http://us.findnetone.com/sports/the-astoria-pool [25] “Bohemian Hall History”. Archived from the original on [7] Brosh, Brendan (June 16, 2009). “Waterfront develop- 2006-10-25. Retrieved 2006-07-20. ment in the works for Hallets Point”. nydailynews.com. The New York Daily News. Retrieved 5 December 2013. [26] “St. Michael’s Cemetery”. Retrieved 2009-07-03.

[8] Montefinise, Angela (March 1, 2009). “QUEENS GET- [27] “Steinway & Sons official site”. TING A ROYAL UPGRADE”. nypost.com. The New York Post. Retrieved 5 December 2013. [28] “NYC Cycling Map 2001” (PDF). 10 10 EXTERNAL LINKS

[29] Transportation in Astoria [46] Spelling, Ian. “Melanie’s new songs lend their vigor to her old hits”, The New York Times, October 12, 2007. Ac- [30] Street Necrology of Astoria, accessed December 31, 2006 cessed December 20, 2007. “Born Melanie Safka in As- toria, N.Y., Melanie won over tens of thousands of fans at [31] A complete listing searchable by ZIP code can be found the legendary Woodstock concert...” on the Department’s official website. [47] Weber, Bruce. “Franz Schurmann, Cold War Expert on [32] “Queens Library”. Archived from the original on 23 China, Dies at 84”, The New York Times, August 26, 2010. February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-25. Accessed August 27, 2010.

[33] “Funny Pages”, Queens Tribune. Accessed October 23, [48] Bridges, Peter. “An Appreciation of Alvey Adee”. 2007. “A part of Astoria funnyman Ted Alexandro could [49] “Lidia Bastianich; A Recipe Kept Warm For 55 Years” be seen in the July issue of “Maxim” magazine.” New York Times

[34] Jackson, Nancy Beth. “If You're Thinking of Living [50] Frank Bonsangue at the Internet Movie Database In/Astoria; Accessible, Affordable and Highly Diverse”, The New York Times, October 19, 2003. Accessed Octo- [51] Berkow, Ira. “ON BASEBALL; Ford Highlight Film ber 17, 2007. “Local celebrities in addition to Mr. Ben- Started Early”, The New York Times, August 17, 2000. nett include Christopher Walken and the late Ethel Mer- Accessed November 3, 2007. “Vivid in my memory is man.” Stengel’s shrug, palms up at his sides, gesturing in response to the mixture of cheers for Ford and boos for his removal. [35] Photos: Tony Bennett in Astoria, Newsday, September 13, It was a display of sympathy for the kid from Astoria, 2006. Queens, who just a few years earlier was playing in street stickball games, and now under a national spotlight and [36] Cadillac Man. “The Story of Cadillac Man and the land of World Series pressure had pitched so beautifully.” the Lost Souls”, Esquire, 1 May 2005. Accessed February 8, 2009. [52] “Stars of TV’s 'Route 66' working on opposite coasts.”, Albuquerque Journal, November 16, 2003. Accessed [37] Cowan, Coleman. “Sweeping Him Off His Street”, The November 30, 2007. “George Maharis was born Sept. 1, New York Times, 18 March 2007. Accessed February 8, 1928, in Astoria, N.Y.” 2009. [53] Van Fossen, Anthony (2006). Ivan Molloy; Ron Reavall, [38] Petsalis-Diomidis, Nicholas (2001). The Unknown eds. “A New Howard Hughes: John Meier, Entrepreneur- Callas: The Greek Years. Amadeus Press. ISBN 1-57467- ship, and the International Political Economy of the Bank 059-X. of the South Pacific” (PDF). The Eye of the Cyclone Book 2: Governance and Stability in the Pacific (Noosa Heads, [39] Chester’s Dream: The Genesis of the Modern Photo- Queensland: The University of the Sunshine Coast and copier, Industrial Market Trends, April 9, 2001 Rock Mountain Publishing) 2: 129–162. Retrieved 2008- 03-06. [40] Coppock, Kristen. “Filmmaker brings ‘The Camden 28’ to the nation’s attention on PBS”, Burlington County [54] “Astoria native anchoring Greek parade”. 2010. Times, September 11, 2007. Accessed May 19, 2008. “A [55] “St. Michael’s Cemetery:Events Archive”. Retrieved graduate of Holy Cross High School in Delran, the self- 2009-07-18. professed history buff, who lives in Astoria, N.Y., said he was especially curious why such an important event had [56] “Five Corners”. IMDB.com. happened so close to his hometown, and no one he had grown up with knew about it. He wanted to change that.” [57] “Rockstar Games: Grand Theft Auto IV: Steinway Beer Garden”. Retrieved 2008-02-08. [41] Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume,1607-1896. Chicago: Marquis Who’s Who. 1963. [58] “Cosby”. Internet Movie Database. [59] McCormack, Simon (August 23, 2010). “Seinfeld’s Jerry [42] “Jack Kelly”. Matinee Classics. Retrieved February 2014. Stiller Visits 'Costanza House' in Astoria”. Huffington [43] Bennetts, Leslie. “McGoohan To Star In 'Pack of Lies’", Post. The New York Times, December 26, 1984. Accessed [60] Astoria, Queens at the Internet Movie Database March 8, 2008. [61] Astoria, Queens at the Internet Movie Database [44] Metaxas, Eric. “About Eric”, 2012. Accessed January 17, 2012.

[45] Litsky, Frank. “Al Oerter, Olympic Discus Champion, 10 External links Is Dead at 71”, The New York Times, October 2, 2007. Accessed November 19, 2007. “Alfred Oerter Jr. was • Astoria Music and Arts born Sept. 19, 1936, in Astoria, Queens, and grew up on Long Island, in New Hyde Park. At Sewanhaka High • Astoria Celebrity Magazine Astoria/LIC’s Premier School, he was a sprinter and then a miler.” Glossy Magazine 11

• Article from the Greater Astoria Historical Society explaining the Queens street numbering system • Slide show from the New York Times of comedians living in Astoria • Greater Astoria Historical Society

• 114th Precinct of the New York Police Department dead link

• NYC Board of Education assessment of Astoria public schools

• Greek Culture in Astoria • Neighborhood Watch: Astoria

• Annual NYC Musical Saw Festival

• Forgotten New York: Astoria Village

Coordinates: 40°46′28″N 73°54′15″W / 40.77444°N 73.90417°W 12 11 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

11 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

11.1 Text

• Astoria, Queens Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astoria%2C_Queens?oldid=661720612 Contributors: Vicki Rosenzweig, SimonP, Modster, Theresa knott, WhisperToMe, Mizzy~enwiki, Wetman, Bcorr, ZimZalaBim, Rholton, DocWatson42, Wolf530, Halda, Andy- cjp, Sysin, Sfoskett, JulieADriver, Arminius, D6, Discospinster, Xezbeth, Geoking66, Aude, Etz Haim, Larry V, Pharos, Houliman, Zachlipton, Alansohn, Bolwerk, Andrewpmk, Eli the Bearded, SidP, RJFJR, RainbowOfLight, Zxcvbnm, MrVibrating, Angr, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), Mel Etitis, Woohookitty, Jeff3000, Jleon, Macaddct1984, Mandarax, Ando228, Rjwilmsi, NatusRoma, Bhadani, FlaBot, Surge79uwf, Gwernol, Chanlyn, Petiatil, Conscious, The.orpheus, GusF, CambridgeBayWeather, ConeyCyclone, Welsh, Awise- man, MMZach, Evrik, Csantero, Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry, Zec, Petri Krohn, Vanished user 99034jfoiasjq2oirhsf3, SmackBot, WilyD, Wizard1022, Ahouhoulis, HeartofaDog, Commander Keane bot, Gilliam, Hmains, Chris the speller, Dwinetsk, Droll, Tonyleto, Tim Pierce, AlexHajnal, CrnaGora, Threeafterthree, Badbilltucker, Torrmoz, Hoof Hearted, Powersman, Gloriamarie, Valfontis, Jggrossm, Linnell, Kschlot1, A. Parrot, Jasonmch, Flipperinu, Skapur, Mrminator, ThatsNotFunny, GiantSnowman, WolfgangFaber, CmdrObot, Stephist, Karenjc, Funnyfarmofdoom, Cydebot, Oodus, Firerescuelieut, Meconium, PKT, Barticus88, Longwayround, Edwardx, Mojo Hand, DanTD, Heroeswithmetaphors, Natalie Erin, Cjs2111, Shahrdad, Knea2006, TAnthony, Fitnr, Kallstrom11, Carlwev, RBBrit- tain, Jllm06, InthePast, Froid, The Anomebot2, The Mystery Man, Edward321, Jim.henderson, Redcardiff, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, Nono64, Gt sports, Nev1, Trusilver, FSG, Skumarlabot, Hossain Akhtar Chowdhury, Acalamari, KP2, Lfkushner, Clandestineclementine, Mapimapi, Jaydanx, Johnthomas001, Venya2000, Fjbfour, DoomDan515, Kaihoku, Seventypercent, Pmoulinos, Fds527, Bovineboy2008, Kyle the bot, Sigil7, Irish4life91, Murad67, Silasnhuff, Newyork12, Irish4life92, Coolotter88, Feudonym, Alliwalk, Grk1011, Piperdown, Alcmaeonid, Frant1cfrenzy, PiggoFuel, NHRHS2010, Barkeep, Gerakibot, Acps110, Pookerella, Colfer2, Pepso2, Kbrowndba, COBot, Grim-Gym, Pacemanscoop, Jimmy Olson, CartmanIsPwn, BMS82, ClueBot, Binksternet, INBLOOMy2, The Thing That Should Not Be, Leeparsi, FieldMarine, Rovergrover, CaseyKasemIsCool, Noel877, Sgt. bender, Timfrompotsdam, Solar-Wind, Dav5nyc, Gcdonald- son, Nahnay123456, Numinut, DumZiBoT, XLinkBot, Delicious carbuncle, Peterx45678, Hazeyville69, Dthomsen8, NellieBly, Cmr08, Addbot, DOI bot, Fchuffman, ThisIsMyWikipediaName, Leszek Jańczuk, This is Paul, CuteHappyBrute, Tassedethe, Lightbot, Lebanon- IsCool, Ben Ben, Yobot, Beeswaxcandle, Winged Fist, AnomieBOT, Monroe 1989, Fanoftheworld, Flewis, Citation bot, Emilymc25, Xqbot, BritishWatcher, GrouchoBot, TOMBOCHI, Dansmitty2, Greater Astoria, Nycvogel, Haldraper, FrescoBot, Hyju, Racingstripes, Arobin, Michaelways, Citation bot 1, RedBot, Fui in terra aliena, Rindoflime, Full-date unlinking bot, Kathleenks, Trappist the monk, Specs112, MKawasaki, RjwilmsiBot, DRAGON BOOSTER, Beyond My Ken, DASHBot, Nkabouris, NY2000, Caloox, MrJiGGaFly, K6ka, Spressa777, ZéroBot, H3llBot, GroGaBa, UrbanNerd, Wayne Slam, Ryanmessick, Simsala111, ClueBot NG, Nchino, Jmlara, Nick- CPrior, BrandonRivington, Nasryesmat, Penny Richards, Wolvensense, MrBill47, TomUSA, Starlapolaris, Johnny Squeaky, Pavolpo, Keon Milton, Sjnester, Glowbee, Takayama812, Histcontrib, TheyCallMeTheEditor, Antipastarasta, Khazar2, Jdramo2, Mogism, Lugia2453, BDE1982, Epicgenius, KevinJWalsh, Lemnaminor, Magnolia677, Madreterra, Kerpaldev, MrLinkinPark333, KZabarsky, Monkbot, Bas- drhnrnz, Davro123, Srgarhrn, MindKingWithBling, Bohemian Baltimore, Scoop2159, Dinker022089, NYelectronic, Roldank and Anony- mous: 392

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• File:Astoria_Park_Night_2007.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Astoria_Park_Night_2007.jpg Li- cense: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by MB-one using CommonsHelper. Original artist: Dav5nyc at English Wikipedia • File:Astoria_fruit_market.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Astoria_fruit_market.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Self-published work by Aude Original artist: Aude • File:Astoriaqueens33rdand31st.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Astoriaqueens33rdand31st.jpg Li- cense: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Emilymc25 • File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Ditmars_Residential_Neighborhood_in_Fall_of_2012.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/ Ditmars_Residential_Neighborhood_in_Fall_of_2012.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Taken by me Previously published: Flickr Original artist: Atomox • File:Hell_Gate_and_Triborough_Bridges_New_York_City_Queens.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ 2/28/Hell_Gate_and_Triborough_Bridges_New_York_City_Queens.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Hellsgate_Bridge.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Hellsgate_Bridge.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 us Contributors: Own work Original artist: Jasonmch • File:Long_Island_City_map_1896.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Long_Island_City_map_1896. jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Greater Astoria Historical Society Original artist: J.S. Kelsey • File:MoMI2.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/MoMI2.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: NickCPrior • File:N_Train_Enters_30th_Avenue_Station.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/N_Train_Enters_ 30th_Avenue_Station.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Fletcher6 • File:QPL_Astoria_Blvd_14th_St_jeh.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/QPL_Astoria_Blvd_14th_ St_jeh.jpg License: CC0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Jim.henderson • File:Question_book-new.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0 Contributors: Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist: Tkgd2007 11.3 Content license 13

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