Cas De La Peche Traditionnelle Et Continentale Dans Le Lac Kamonjo a Mitsinjo Region Boeny

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Cas De La Peche Traditionnelle Et Continentale Dans Le Lac Kamonjo a Mitsinjo Region Boeny DOMAINE ARTS, LETTRES ET SCIENCES HUMAINES MENTION ANTHROPOLOGIE PARCOURS : ANTHROPOLOGIE FONDAMENTALE MEMOIRE DE MASTER LE NON-RESPECT DES TRADITIONS ET DES REGLEMENTS DE LA PECHE FAIT-IL PARTIE DES OBSTACLES DU DEVELOPPEMENT ? CAS DE LA PECHE TRADITIONNELLE ET CONTINENTALE DANS LE LAC KAMONJO A MITSINJO REGION BOENY Impétrant : BABENTSOA Rasega Miaro Encadreur : Docteur RABOTOVAO Samoelson, Maître de Conférences Les membres du jury : - RAZAFIARIVONY Michel, Professeur, Président - RANRIAMANALINA Daniel Jules, Maîtres de Conférences, Juge - RABOTOVAO Samoelson, Maître de Conférences, Rapporteur Antananarivo 2020 Date de soutenance : 09 Novembre 2020 DOMAINE ARTS, LETTRES ET SCIENCES HUMAINES MENTION ANTHROPOLOGIE PARCOURS : ANTHROPOLOGIE FONDAMENTALE MEMOIRE DE MASTER LE NON-RESPECT DES TRADITIONS ET DES REGLEMENTS DE LA PECHE FAIT-IL PARTIE DES OBSTACLES DU DEVELOPPEMENT ? CAS DE LA PECHE TRADITIONNELLE ET CONTINENTALE DANS LE LAC KAMONJO A MITSINJO REGION BOENY Impétrant : BABENTSOA Rasega Miaro Encadreur : Docteur RABOTOVAO Samoelson, Maître de Conférences Les membres du jury : - RAZAFIARIVONY Michel, Professeur, Président - RANRIAMANALINA Daniel Jules, Maîtres de Conférences, Juge - RABOTOVAO Samoelson, Maître de Conférences, Rapporteur Antananarivo 2020 Date de soutenance : 09 Novembre 2020 TABLE DES MATIERES TABLE DES MATIERES ........................................................................................................ 1 REMERCIEMENTS ................................................................................................................. 4 GLOSSAIRES........................................................................................................................... 5 LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS................................................................................................. 6 LISTE DES TABLEAUX, DES CARTES, DES PHOTOS ET DES FIGURES..................... 7 RESUME................................................................................................................................... 8 ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………9 FINTINA……………………………………………………………………………………...10 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................11 PARTIE I : MATERIELS ET METHODES……………………………………………...17 1.1. Matériels............................................................................................................................18 1.1.1. Description du terrain d’investigation..........................................................................18 1.1.1.1.Situation géographique.....................................................................................18 1.1.1.2. Situation historique..........................................................................................25 1.1.1.3. La vie socioculturelle ......................................................................................27 1.1.1.4. L’économie......................................................................................................29 1.1.1.5. La Santé...........................................................................................................30 1.1.2. Hypothèses des prédécesseurs......................................................................................31 1.1.2.1. Sur le plan social et culturel ............................................................................31 1.1.2.2. Sur le plan écologique et économique.............................................................34 1.1.3. Données de terrain........................................................................................................38 1.1.3.1. Données d’observation ....................................................................................38 1.1.3.2. Données d’interview........................................................................................39 1.2. Méthodes ...........................................................................................................................40 1.2.1. Les méthodes de collecte des données ...........................................................................40 1.2.1.1. Recherche documentaire .................................................................................40 1.2.1.2. Observation......................................................................................................41 1.2.1.3. Interview..........................................................................................................42 1.2.2. Méthode d’analyse et d’interprétation de données.........................................................45 1.2.2.1. Le dynamisme social .......................................................................................46 1.2.2.2. Méthode des échelles.......................................................................................47 CONCLUSION DE LA PREMIERE PARTIE........................................................................48 PARTIE II : RESULTATS…………………………………………………………………49 2.1. La pêche traditionnelle ......................................................................................................50 2.1.1. L’organisation de travail de pêche ..........................................................................51 2.1.2. L’activité de la pêche .............................................................................................53 2.1.2.1. Les matériaux de pêche ...............................................................................54 2.1.2.2. Les produits de pêche ..................................................................................63 2.1.2.3. Les lieux commerciaux................................................................................66 2.2. Les traditions sur l’activité de la pêche ............................................................................69 2.2.1. Les tabous comme mode de conservation des ressources halieutiques .................69 2.2.1.1. Les jours interdits ........................................................................................70 2.2.1.2. Les matériaux interdits ................................................................................71 2.2.2. Le culte des ancêtres ...............................................................................................73 2.2.2.1. Le doany et les Chefs coutumiers.................................................................73 2.2.2.2. Les rites et les sacrifices ...............................................................................74 2.3. Les règlements de la pêche………………………………………………………………78 2.3.1. Les codes de la pêche……………………………………………………………..78 2.3.2. L’agitation des pêcheurs………………………………………………………….79 2.4. Les facteurs du non-respect des traditions et des règlements de pêche.............................80 2.4.1. Facteurs endogènes .................................................................................................81 2.4.1.1. Surpopulation des pêcheurs et l’insécurité..................................................81 2.4.1.2. Raréfaction des produits halieutiques..........................................................82 2.4.1.3. Le ralentissement des répercussions du non-respect des traditions.............83 2.4.2. Facteurs exogènes ...................................................................................................84 2.4.2.1. L’impact de la mondialisation .....................................................................85 2.4.2.2. La migration ................................................................................................86 2.4.2.3. Les effets du temps......................................................................................86 CONCLUSION DE LA DEUXIEME PARTIE.......................................................................88 PARTIE III : DISCUSSIONS ……………………………………………………………...89 3.1. Evaluations ........................................................................................................................90 3.1.1. Problèmes de l’activité de pêche pour le développement de Mitsinjo....................90 3.1.1.1. Insuffisance des infrastructures accueillants les produits de pêche.............90 3.1.1.2. Absence des organismes et des secteurs travaillant sur la pêche ................92 3.1.1.3. Faible revenus..............................................................................................93 3.1.2. Problème de l’environnement forestier ...................................................................95 3.1.3. Etude comparative...................................................................................................96 3.1.3.1. La pêche dans la CR Mitsinjo et des autres Régions...................................97 3.1.3.2. Comparaison à travers les autres pays……………………………………101 3.2. Recommandations………………………………………………………………………103 3.2.1. Education et développement……………………………………………………..103 3.2.1.1. Améliorer la qualité de l’enseignement………………………………….104 3.2.1.2. Eduquer et motiver les pêcheurs à respecter leur environnement……….106 3.2.2. Socio-économique et organisationnelle ................................................................107 3.2.2.1. Création des Centres de Formation Professionnelle..................................107 3.2.2.2. Valorisation et promotion de la culture traditionnelle...............................108 3.2.2.3. Augmenter le nombre des contrôleurs de pêche dans ce District..............109 3.2.3. Renforcer l’harmonie entre l’homme, la nature et la
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