PE ZO Moy 16, 1969

Theory 0f "lntermational Biotator$hip" rI ls a Gamgster Theory of 4 $ocial-lmperialism The "Msy 7 Directive" A Lights the Woy

(J.S. Imperialism and Soviet Revisionism .w Step Up " Middle Eosr Munich" plot 7 I

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GHltRttAil tillo T$ETUltG',S

IITEST Iil$TRUGII(I]IS

The proletaiat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. It is the most powerful revolutionary class ideologically, politically and in strength. It can and must unite the overwhelming majority of

people around itself so as to isolate the handful of

enemies to the maximum and attack them.

With regard to the question of world war, there are but two possibilities: One is that the war will give rise to revolution and the other is that revolution will prevent the war. I

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The Stote Council Greets ond be held in the middle' of June in ing of the lSth regular meeting was Expresses Admirotion for Poli in the Soviet Union. The tele- sabotaged by the Soviet side single- gram refuted Soyiet slander handedly. Unyielding Czechoslovsk the against the Chinese side and pointed While proposing once People in Coble to again the out that the Soviet side alone was holding of the 15th regular meeting Czec hoslovok Government responsible for the failure to hold in Poli, the Soviet side has now pub- The State Council of the Peo- the regular meeting scheduled for lished a news dispatch through ple's Republic of .China, in a cable to 1968. The telegram from the Chi- the medium of its official news the Government of the Czechoslovak nese side replying to the Soviet side agency TASS, in which, calling Socialist Republic on May 8, greeted reads in full: black white, it levelled the false and expressed admiration for the Smirnov, counter-charge that the Chinese side unyielding Czechoslovak people on Chairman of the Soviet Side, had "evaded participation" in the the occasion of the National Day of Sino-Soviet Joint Commission for regular meeting of last year. This the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Navigation on the Boundary Rivers: cannot but make one doubt how Ttre cable reads in full: Your telegram of April 26 pro- much sincerity the Soviet side Prague posing that the 15th regular meet- has for convening this meeting. Nev- The Goirernment of the Czechoslovak ing of the Sino-Soviet commission ertheless, proceeding from its con- Socialist Republic: for boundary river navigation be sistent stand of safeguarding nor- mal navigation by both sides on the On the occasion of the National convened in May this year has been boundary rivens, the Chinese side Day of the Czechoslovak Socialist received. has still decided to send its delega- Republic, the Chinese people and The 15th regular meeting of the tion to this meeting. The Chinese Government extend greetings to and SineSoviet commission for bound- side hopes that the Soviet side will express admiration for the unyield- ary river navigation should have adopt a positive attitude, as it should, ing Czechoslovak people. been held in the Soviet Union in towards this meeting. Our side con- 1968. In your telegram of Aprll 27, State Council of the siders that necessary for both 1968, you put forward the unilateral it is People's Republic of China, make good preparations in proposal for convening the 15th reg- sides to May 8, 1969. order to make a success of this meet- ular meeting in May the same year the mee::rg be in Poli of the Soviet Union. I re- ing. I suggest that Chsirmon of Chinese Side on held Poli i:r the middle oi J'rne- plied on May 16 that the Chinese in Sino-Soviet Commission tfoe roeeting Joint side was studying the matter. Horv- The actr.:al date of srill be deided upon b'y bo{h sides For Novigotion on Boundory ever, while the Chinese. side was through discrrssioh.i Yotr wlll be ne Rivers Refutes Soviet Slonder makiag active preparanons for the tified of the name list of tlre Chinese And Proposes ConYening of meeting. the Soviet side, without an delega.tion later. l5th Regulor Meeting in rr-aiting for official reply from the Chinese side, spread a slander Chen Fa-ping, Mid June through the Soviet Foreign Minister ' Chairman of the Chinese Side, The chairman of the Soviet side Gromyko at a meeting of the Su- Sino-Soviet Joint Commission on the Sino-Soviet Joint Commission preme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. on June for Navigation on the BoundarY for Navigation on the Boundary 27, in which he brazenly accused the Rivers. Rivers sent a telegram on April 26 Chinese Government oI "remaining May 11, 1969 to the chairman of the Chinese side deaf" to the Soviet Government's on the joint commission proposing "concrete proposals" for "the joint Chinese Foreign Ministry that the 15th regular meeting of the utilization of bonndary rivers for Strongly Protests lndion Sino-Soviet commission for bound- navigation." On August 16 I Iodged Government's Robid ary river navigation be convened, a protest with the Soviet side On May 2, t}:.e Soviet news agency against its act of sabotaging the 15th Anti-Chino Activities TASS in a news dispatch stood regular meeting, demanding a clari- A responsible member of the First facts upside dom and levelled the fication of the facts and officially Department of Asian Affairs of the false charge that the Chinese side informing you that the Chinese side Chinese Foreign Ministry met B.C. had "evaded participation" in last was ready to go to the meeting, Mishra, Charge d'Affaires ad interim year's regular meeting. The chair- But the Soviet side peremptorily of the Indian Embassy in China, bY man of the Chinese side on the com- indicated that it "will not con- appointment on MaY 10, during mlssion replied to the chairman of sider" the just demand of the Chi- which he lodged a strong Protest the Soviet side in a telegram on May nese side and on August 28 unwar- with the Indian Government against 11, in which the Chinese side pro- rantedly returned the telegram of its slanders and vilifications against posed that the 15th regular meeting the Chinese side. Thus the hold- (Continwed on P. 39.)

MoU 16, 79$9 3 The Theory of "lmternational llictatorship" ls A Gangster Theory of $ocial-lmperialism

by Kung Chun-ping

TN his report to the Ninth National Congress of the Our great teacher Chairman Mao has pointed out: I Co*..r.r.rist Party of China, Vice-Chairman Lin Piao "To protect the masses or to repress them - here is the sharply exposed the social-imperialist nature of the So- basic distinction between the Communist Party and the viet revisionist renegade clique's theory of "interna- Kuorni1f21g, between the proletariat and the bour- tional dictatorship." geoisie, and between the dictatorship of the proletariat and the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie." The Soviet A thief breaks into someone's home and says he did reyisionist renegade clique has established fascist reac- so to "protect" that family's "security" such is the tionary rule at home, laid down all kinds of counter- gangster logic the imperialists and fascists- always revolutionary and "regulations," deprived the advocate. U.S. imperialism always falls back on this "laws" working people of their democratic rights and carried gangster "theory" when it is launching its wars of out bloody repression, thus throwing the Soviet work- aggression. The theory of dictatorship" "international ing people into the abyss of misery again. This fully that the Soviet revisionist renegade clique has spared no confirms that the exercised by the Soviet efforts to publicize is simpiy a new variation of this "dictatorship" revisionist renegad.e clique at home is an out-and-out same gangster logic. bourgeois dictatorship. In his speech at the "5th congress" of the Polish revisionist party on November 12 last year, Soviet revi- Foreign policy is the continuation of domestic sionist chieftain Brezhnev clamoured that when what policy. By turning "national dictatorship" into "inter- Soviet revisionism called "the security of the commu- national dictatorship," the Soviet revisionists are out to nity" (that is, Soviet revisionist colonialist interests in extend their domestic counter-revolutionary bourgeois some East Europqan countries and the People's Republic dictatorship abroad and, by plunder and aggression, of Mongolia) is threatened, "this becomes no longer a exercise a counter-revolutionary dictatorship over the problem of the people of that country alone" and Soviet people of other countries. The Soviet revisionist rene- revisionism has the right to take military action against gade dique has made use of the "Council for Mutual this membel of the "communit5r." Another Soviet re- Economic Assistance" to push its social-imperialist visionist renegade clique chieftain blatantly said that policies in some East European countries and in the "historical development" had set the task of turning People's Republic of Mongolia, ruthlessly exploit and "national dictatorship" into "international dictator- plunder the people of these countries and trample on ship." The Soviet revisionist press time and again gave their sovereignty at will, thus turning them into its de- great publicity to the idea that at present, to "protect" pendencies and colonies. the "community" "acquires a more profound inter- national character" and that the members of the "com- The "specialization of production" and "interna- munity" must be "protected by the joint efforts" of the tional division of labour" brayed about and put into ttcommunity," etc. operation by the Soviet revisionists have brought about a lopsided development of the economies of those East By putting out this theory dicta- of "international European countries and turned them into workshops of torship," the Soviet revisionists intend first to of all the Soviet revisionists for processing raw materials and justify their barefaced social-imperialist aggression and, dumping grounds for their goods. Moreover, by "grant- second, to fabricate a "theoretical" basis for their rapa- ing credits," Soviet revisionism has savagely plundered cious expansionist ambitions. We must expose this these countries and grabbed fabulous profits from theory for what it is and lay bare the diabclical features them. Such plunder and squeezing have incurred of Soviet revisionist social-imperialism in the broad growing resistance from the broad masses in these light of day. countries. Soviet revisionism has dispatched hundreds The Soviet revisionist renegade clique glibly talks of thousands of troops to hold down the people of these about "national dictatorship" and "international dicta- countries, and even carried out, in the case of Czecho- torship." Let the question be asked: Which class exer- slovakia, armed aggression and military occupation. cises the "dictatorship" you speak of, and which class Plunder, aggression; suppression of the people of other is subjected to this "dictatorship"? countries, and even military occupation - this is the 4 Peking Rersiew, No. 20 reactionary essence of the Soviet revisionists' so-called perialists and fascists are jackals from the same lair, theory of "international dictatorship." and their "theories" are cut from the same cloth. Today, under the pretext of "safeguarding the so- The renegade, hidden traitor and scab Liu Shao-ehi clalist gains," the Soviet revisionist renegade clique is a running dog of U.S. imperialism. Soriet rerision- sends its troops marching into Czechoslovakia and im- ism and all reaction. He frantically pushed a counter- poses "international dictatorship" over the people of revolutionary revisionist line, vainly trying to restore that ccuntry" Tomorrow, under the pretexi of "safe- capitalism in China and realize the rabid ambiiions ol guarding" something else, it can send aggressor troops U.S. iinperialism and Soviet revisionism to subi-ert -so- marching into another of its "fraternal countries" in cialist China. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revoiu- the "sccialist community" or into countries outside this tion has overthrown Liu Shao-chi and compan5 ani so-called "community" to violate their territorial integ- smashed their conspiracies. Like a cornerd beast. the rity and sovereignty. In fabricating the theory of Soviet revisionist renegade clique recently resorted to "international dictatorship,'' a theory for fascist aggres- armed provocations against China and carried out sion. the Soviet revisionist renegade ciique has a com- armed invasion of Chinese territory Chenpao Island. pletely vile purpose in mind. and it was duly punished for this. The Soviet revisionist renegade clique has committed crimes against the great Our leader Chairman Mao has pointed out: Chinese people as well as against the Soviet people- governments "The of the imperialist countries, though The people of China and the Soviet Union share a pro- they engaged in counter-revolutionary activities every found revolutionary friendship. We are convinced that day, had never told the truth in their statements or the proletariat and other working people'of the Soviet official documents but had filled or at least flavoured Union will surely rise to overthrou. the bourgeois fas- professions justice them with of humanity, and virtue." cist rule of the clique of a handful of Sortet revi5ionist The Soviet revisionist social-imperialists are no excep- renegades and cut off its vicious aggressive clarvs- As tion. To deceive people, the Soviet revisionist renegade our great leader Chairman Mao has pointed out, "The clique decked out the completely fascist theorl' of "in- Soviet Union was the first socialist state and the Com- ternational dictatorship" in the cloak of "internation- munist Party of the Soviet Union was created by Lenin. alism.'' But their counter-revolutionary activities nail Although the leadership of the Soviet Party and state them down as having completely betrayed proletarian has norv betin usurped by revisionists, I would advise internationalism. Behind the slogan of the theory comrades to remain firm in the conviction that the of "international dictatorship" is concealed the ugly, rnasses of the Soviet people and of Party members and vicious counter-revolutionary aggressor's face. cadres are good, that they desire revolution and that The theory of "international dictatorship" preached revisionist rule will not last long." by Soviet revisionism is aimed at realizing its ambitions Chairman Mao teaches us: "IVe must be clear- to redivide the rvorld in collusion with U.S. imperialism, headed, that is, u'e must not believe the 'nice rvords' of and to meet its needs in collaborating and contending the imperialists nor be intimidated by their bluster." with U.S. imperialism. This "theory," on the one hand, Armed u,ith \Iao Tsetung Thought. the s-orkers at the serves U.S. imperialist aggression and legalizes its miii- Taching Oilfieid profoundly undelstand this greet tary occupation; on the other hand. it can be used to teaching of Chairrnan lLIao's. The Soviet revisionists. contend with U.S. imperialism for spheres of infiuence in co+r

Mag 16, 1969 , I i,

I

The "M"y 7 Direetive" Lights the UY"y

It is three gears since our greet leader Ckairman determined to translate this brilliant instruction into Mao issued. his britliorat t'MaA 7 Directioe." In a letter concrete action. Not everyone, however, held the same to Vice-Chairman Lin Piao on May 7, 1966, Chairman rtiew.. A few said: "The rvarships are an exception Mao issued this ertremely important directioe pointing rn'e're eonstantly in a state of alertness for mmbat duty.- oat that the People's Liberation Arrng, taetories, tillages, We don't have many hands; there's a detailed division schools, the contmercial units, the sertice trades, and of work, and we're never in one place long. Setting Party and gooernment organizations shoulil all becam,e up factories or farms sounds impractical." Others re- grea1, schaals f or reoolutionization. plied: "There's nothing exceptional about us. There's no reason why we can't set.up farms and factories, and Armgmea anil ciuilians throughaut the cattntry go in for side-occupations, too." pledged. to follota Chairman Mao's i.nstmrctio* and turn the uhole counttA into a great schocl o! Mao Tsetung Amid these heated debates, ship No. 351 was sent Thought. In the past three years, theg hatse mad,e great to the shipyard for scheduled repairs. This enlightened progress in euery field. Following are three eramples, them in their diseussions. Looking at it in the light Ed. of the "May 7 Directive," the P.L.A. rnen realized that - the ship became a small repair plant in itseif while under repair. Why couldn't they run this "plant" themselves instead of handing it over to the shipyard Sailors as Well as Workers workers? They thus hit on a concrete way to carry out the dir-ective according to their specific conditions. A CTING on Chairman l\llao's "May ? Directive," one Making their own repairs was an inspiring event -t r ship group of the South China Sea Fleet has been for the seamen of this ship group. They had done a making its own repairs since 1966. In the past three number of minor repairs in 1958 on their own ships years, P.L.A. the commanders and fi.ghters of this ship without sending them to the shipyards. This was a group have done an excellent job of making several new-born phenomenon shining with Mao Tsetung thousand repairs on six big and medium-sized rvar- Thought. But it met with frantic opposition from the ships. The ships ail made suecessful trial eruises im- eounter-revolutionary revisionists Peng Teh-huai and mediately after being repai.red. Some have been Lo Jui-ching. They raved that it was pure "foIly" for operating smoothly for thousands of hour-s. sailors to repair their own ships. Demanding that such Naval comrrranders and fighters repairing their work be done through "regular channels," they ruth- lessly suppressed own ships is an important creative effort. Not only do this new-born thing. Now, however, they run the vessels, they are also maintenance and re- it has been revived under the illumination of Chair- man pair workers. In addition to bringing ttre ships' com- Mao's "May 7 Directive." bat effectiveness into full play, this also saves large Activell'supported and led by the Party organiza- amounts of expenditures. Most important is that, by tion, the commanders and fighters relentlessly criticized repairing their own ships, the commAnders and fighters the slavish comprador philosophy of copying foreign get an opportunity to study and apply Mao Tsetung rules and regulations in repairing ships and eon- Thought in a living way through practical struggle, scientiously studied the spirit of the directive. This thus promoting revolutionization the of their thinking heiped them to further raise their consciousness of the and enabling their ship group be to built up into a slruggle between the two lines. The crew of the No. 3S1 highly militant body. took over and did a good job in repairing their own The commanders and fighters of this ship group ship. The Party committee of the ship group summed up their experience fotinded were greatly inspired when they heard the ,,IVIay ? and a May 7 Sailor- Directive" Chairman Mao issued in 1g66. In it Chair- Worker Ship-Repairing Plant. Each ship sent part man Mao pointed out: "The people's Liberation Army of its crerv to take turns working there. Whenever a should be a great school. In this school, ,o. u"*y ship came in for repairs, the crew also came along to should study politics and military affairs, raise its take part in the wor.k. educational level, and also engage in agriculture and Guided by Chairman Mao's policy of "self- side-occupations and run small or medium-sized relianee," the sailor-workers built their own work- factorie.s to make produets for its own needs or for ex- shops and supplied their own equipment and instaila- change with the state against equal values.,, They lvere tions by unearthing long unused machinery and parts

6 Peking Retsiea,, No. 2A from scrap heaps and putting them back into working ants in energetically tapping the potential in agricul- order. The corrirades soon set up a plant which could tural productlon; it also led them in developing col- do repairs on large ships. lective side-line oecupations like making bric*g earthen cooking pots, hand-made paper, farm tools and tool Amgng those succp,ssively sent new' plant to the repairing. In 1965, small factories were set up for was the No: 355, a big ship which used to be repaired these side-oc:cupations as mechanical equipment was by large shipyards only. Since its machinery and equip- brought in. ment were highly complicated and its right main engine was badly in need of repairs, sorlle cornrades doubted In 1966, Chairrnan Mao's "May 7 Directive" was whether the plant could do the job. With this problem published. Chairman Mao pointed out: "YYhiIe mainly in mind, the comrades studied Chairman Mao's relevant engaging in agricultural production (including forestry, teachings and were det.ermined to accomplish the job animal husbandry, side-oecupations and fisheries), the by relying on invincible Mao Tsetung Thought. peasants in the communes should at the same time study They cited many vivid exarnples to support their con- military affairs and politics and raise their educational viction. When the plant was first set up, for instance, level. Y9hen conditiors pcrrnit, they should eollectively the comrades did not knovr how to make drawings or tun some small factories. They also should criticize calculations for a small boat's tail shaft, but they learnt and repudiate the bourgeoisie." Delighted and en- rvhile they worked and eventually made a high-precision couraged, the poor and lower-rniddle peasants further one for a fraternal unit. In another case, they were strengthened their faith and determination in taking asked to repair the oil grooves in a generator. ?hey the road of part-time agriculture and part-time industry. brought the factor of man into full play and used sim- They said: "To engage in part-time agrieultural pro. ple tools such as chisels and files instead of the milling duction and part-time industrial production is a bright machine required. The process of cutting the oil road leading to eommunism. We will follorv it for grooves demanded high precision and the tolerance must evgr." not exceed half a hair's breadth. The comrades suc- How to rrn the factories by relying on their own ceeded once again. A third time rvhen there rvas a efforts or asking for help from- above? This questicin sudden breakdown of a ship's engines,'the comrades in confronted them when the faitories were first set up. the piant came aboard and boldiy invented a new tech- Through debates, the poor and lower-middle peasants nological process for the repair work, thus completing reached unanimous agreement: They must persist in in a dozen minutes a job which ordinarily took a *eek. the policy of relying on their orvn efforts and running the Countless facts showed that naval commanders and factories diligentiy and thriftily. The-v must not depend fighters armed with Mao Tsetung Thought, with hearts on help from the state. Thel' said: "\\'ith }lac TstLmg boundlessly loyal to Chairman Mao, could create Thought, all kinds of difficri:it*< a:e nolhjr€.- They miracles with their own hands. The more they worked. collected monev arnong ihe=*s€lr;es aDd useC tbeir the bolder and more confident they became. They orvn hands to coilect ras Eaien ls- The5r hrilt sh€ds job finished the repair on the No. 355 in the shortest ior the foundr-n workshop ir an oid tmple ort of strav possible time, and the repaired rsssel made record nnais. Poor-peasant f,eng Chih-tung 2nd Pl*A dc speed in its first trial cruise. pendeut rgi Kuang-chu volunteered their newly built houses c.omprising seven rooms for use by the factories. In buying equipment, the peasants made a little money go far by using the old things instead of new, and Part-Time Agriculture, home-made things instead of rnodern machinery. Lacking technical knowledge, the poor' and lower- Part-Time lndustry middle peasants learnt as they worked. Members of the machine-repair plant learnt by themselves to re- JN accordance with Chairman Mao's "May 7 Direc- pair tractors, water pumps and motors. They can now r tive," the poor and lorver-middle peasants of the keep all the brigade's machines and parts in good work- Fuchengtungchieh brigade, Shuiyeh Commune, Anyang ing order. Honan Province, have relied their own County, on Graduaily overcoming +.he lack of funds, equip- setting up rnany small factories such as eiforts in ment and technique, the brigad-e's poor and lower- machine-repairing, oil-pressing, grain-processing, found- middle peasants have set up factories from seratch and paper-making. By engaging mainly agricul- ry and in are developing them, thereby opening a new way for production taking industrial production as the tural and the peasants to run factories. side-line, they have vigorously spurred the development factories were set up, there of agriculture. Since these brigade-run'about heated discussions what orientation for Situated in a hilly areq, the brigade has insufficient were management and what road to take. The poor and land for its population. It only has 1,040 nr.u of land lor,ver-middle peasants related in the discussions their for more than 1,500 people. The grain output was 1ow, actual conditions to their ruthless repudiation of the In 1962, in answer to the demands of the poor and big renegade Liu Shao-chi's counter-revolutionar] re- lower-itriddle peasants, the Party branch led the peas- visionist line of "putting vt'ork-points in command" and

Maa 76, lgbg "putting profits in command.'! Thus they came to a up their "May 7" Cadre School on the banks of the clear understanding of the correct orientation for the Liuho River (see Peking Reuiew, No. 41, 1968). From brigade-run factories. They said: "We peasants must the day it was founded, the students made Chairman take agriculture as our main task. We should not dis- Mao's "May 7 Directive" the principle guiding their card agriculture to engage in side-occupations. The aim thinking in running the school. They regarded cadres' of running factories is to promote agriculture. Chairman iniegration with the workers, peasants and soldiers as Mao calls on us to take the road of part-time agriculture the way to bring up revolutionary cadres who are and part-time industry. We should not take Liu Shao- always loyal to Chairman Mao, who can work both at chi's road which separates industry from agriculture." higher and lower levels and be "officials" as weII as These brigade-run factories stuck to the orientation of common people, and who can be workers as rvell as serving agriculture. From 1966 to the end of 1968, they peasants and are capable of doing mental as well as repaired over 18,000 small farm tools o{ various types. manual work. Through many experiments, they produced and repaired Chairman Mao issued October 30 motors, some 30 hoes and over 800 other farm ma- this instruction on 4 last year: dolvn do manual labour gives chinery and tools. This has greatly speeded up the pace "Going to vast of the mechanization of agriculture. numbers of cadres an excellent opportunity to study once again," and affirmed the direction followed In recent years, the brigade's poor and lower-mid- by the Liuho "May 7" Cadre School. Group after group dle peasants followed persistently the road of part-time of new students and their children have arrived at agriculture and part-time industry, which not only Liuho. There are now more than 1,100 students in promoted the development of agricultural production, the school. but narrowed the gaps between countryside city and Braving winds, storms and extreme cold, the stu- and betu'een industry and agriculture. In the three dents of this school have opened up 3,600 mu of crop- years of 1966-68, they provided more than 100,000 yuan land in the past year. They have rgised many livestock for agriculture, rvhich were spent on tractors, sowing and reaped their first bumper harvest. They have col- machines, motors, draught animals, fertilizers and other lected and transported some 6,000 cubic-metres of timber, machinery, tools and means of agricultural production. built many houses and built or expanded machinery- This has mechanized ploughing, watering and thresh- repair and nail-making workshops as well as a non-staple ing and speeded up the growth of farm output. The food processing factory, thus tremendously developing in- Wr-nxu yield of grain was raised to 949 jin, in 1968 dustrial and agricultural production in the Liuho area. from 657 iin in 1962. In the last three years, they delivered and sold to the state 50,000 jin, of grain and In the past year the students stood the tests in the fierce 73,000 iin ginned cotton, as well as reserving some grain struggle between the two classes and between for the collective. m tfre wake of the development of the two roads, and while transforming the objective production, the brigade members increased their income. world they have been transforming their own subjec- Moreover, the brigade ran we.lfare facilities for the tive world. After being tempered, many veteran revo- members, suih as bath houses and a co-operatirre med- lutionary cadres have been imbued with greater vi- ical senzice. iality. Young cadres w-ho have been re-educated b1' the workers, peasants and soldiers have become In this brigade s,hich is a great school of much closer to the working people in their thinking Mao Tsetung Thought 4{X) young and middle-aged com- and feelings. Having summed up the experience and mune members are both farmers and workers. They are lessons in the struggle between the two lines, some a generation of new, socialist peasants, who can plough cadres who made mistakes are resolved to make new rrith hoes, work with hammers, fight with guns and contributions in the service of the people in the future u,rite articles repudiating the bourgeoisie with pen. struggle. One veteran cadre who went from Shanghai to Yenan in 1942 risked her life breaking through the Remarkable enemy blockade to join the revolution during the War Achievements in of Resistance Against Japan. After liberation, because she was ideologically unprepared for the socialist rev- ldeologica! Revolutionization olution and poisoned by Liu Shao-chi's counter-revo- lutionary revisionist line, she made some mistakes. She ETIRMLY following the bright road indicated by received a profound education during the current Great. I Chairman Mao in his "May T Directive,,, students Proletarian Cultural Revolution. After coming to the of the Liuho "May 7" Cadre School in Heilungkiang school she arrived at the deeper understanding that the Province have made remarkable achievements in rev- fundamental reason for her mistakes was that her urorld olutionizing their thinking in the past year. outlook had not been thoroughly remoulded. Accord- ingly, she devoted herself to the living study and ap- . On May 7 last year, more than 140 cadres from plication of Mao Tsetung Thought, consciously re- former organs at the Heilungkiang provincial level set rnoulded her .world outlook and raised her conscious-

8 Peking Reoi.ew, No. 2A ness of the struggle betrveen the two lines. thus bringing thoughts and feelings. TheS: often invite worker, peas- about constant changes in her mental outlook. ant and soldier activists in the study of Mao Tsetung Thought to their school to make reports or they them- Ma-ny of the students had cooped tiremselves up seives go out of tl-re school to make social investigations in office buildings for a long time and were divorced and learn from the workers, peasants and soldiers. With from the masses, labour and practical vr,ork. At the the increase in the number of students, the school has school they are at all times with the masse.s of q,olkers invited more poor and lorver-middle peasants from peasants and and join them in struggle so that they the nealbl' produciion teams to settle down there and .*,orkers dlarv closer to the end peasants in their assigned them to leading posts oi' teaching positions.

All our literature and art are for the masses of the people, and in the first place for the w,orkers, peasants and soldiers; they are ereatd for the workers, peasants and soldiers and are for their use. _ MAO TSETUNG

Alwoys Courogeously Advonce Along Choirmon Moo's Revolutionory Line ln iterotu re ond Art

Commemoroting the "Summory ol the Forum on the Work in Literoture ond'Art in the Armed Forces \{ith Which Comrsde Lin Piqo Entrusted Comrode Chiong Ching"

by Hung Wen and Hsueh Ching in the office under the direct adrninistration of the navy

Holdlng aloft the great red bonner of Mao Tsetung Follouing is a slightly abridged translation oJ tl Th,or.tght, Comrade Chiang Ching conuened a forum on commernorati,ue article recentl-A printeil tn "Rentntfu the uork in literature and art in the armed forces in Ribao." Ed. Shanghai in Februarg 1966 at a'time uhen the pro- - proletarian letafiat was e,Lgd.ged, in a sharp strtLggle against the n UIDED by Chailnran tr'Iao's revolutionary baurgeoisie in China. Entrusted to Cam,rad.e Clliang \r line, the workers. peasants and soldiers have Ching bg Comrade Lin Piao, this forum handed the become the real masters of the socialist stage. The counter-reuolutionary rexisionist line a decisi'--e bloro bir-th of the eight levoiu'.ionar-), model theatrical woLks,* and occuy>i,es an extremely i,n-Lporta,nt place in the + After a fierce stl'uggie against the counter-revolution- hi,storg oJ China's cultural rexolution. The summary ary revisionists rvho haC usurpe.J the leading positions in oJ the forum was eramined and reuzsed bg Chairman Iitelaly and art circles and rvere backed by the handful of r:oaders the Party, the revolutionaly artists times and. mude public Mag 1967. (lt top capitalist in Mao three in uas led by Courade Chiang Ching successfull), cleated eight published in "Peking Reaiew," No. 23, 1967.) theatrical u,orks on levolutionary themes. They are ?ok- ing the Bandits' Strongholcl, On the Docks, Tlte Reil Lantern, Comraile Lin Piao pointcd otLt that this summarg Shachiapang and Raid on the White Tiger Regimea, (Peking "applies Mao Tsetu,ng Th,ought to answer many im- operas); The Red Detachment of Women and The White' port&nt guestions concerni,ng the cultural reoolution in Haired, GirI (ballets) and Shachiapang (a symphonic work)' Resplendent with Mao Tsetung Thought, these model rvorks the period of sociali,sm. lt is of both ertrentely great have been acclaimed by revolutionary people at home and practieal anil far-reaching historic si,gnificance," abroad.

Mag 76, 7969 whie'h were trErsottally fostered by Cornrade ,Chiang The Sumrnary resoundingly enswerd t,his series oi questions by using invineible I!Ia+ Tsetung Thought. epera si4ing ard the big revoh.rtionary eil painting Analysing the sltuation in the sharp, complex and flerce Cheirmm NIaa Gaes to Anywam-.which were Iater class struggl,e on the literary and art front sinee libera- erea{ed }ras, once and for al} 'teversed this reversal., tion in an a}l-round, perrctrating and correet way, it oC history"- during which "the stage ib dorninated by unearthed, a sinister eeur,lter-revotr*tionarSr revisionist bds and ladies and their parnpered sons and daugb- line in }iteriature and art wtrictr, was opposed to ters." Taking advantage of the excellent situation in Chairrnan Mao's revotrutionary line in this field. the Creat Pro.letarian Cultural Revotrution, thousands of Working in collusion with the handful of other Party amateur literature and art Mao Tsetung Thought prop- capitalist roaders to restore capitalism, the renegade, aganda teams composed of lvorkers, peasants and sol- hidden traitor and scab Liu Shao-chi used the leadership diers, with the force of a mighty torrent, have cleared they had usurped in the cultural departments to fran- away the foul morass of atl the exploiting classes. They tieally thrust forward this sinister counter-revolutionary sing and act for our era. More than that, contingent revisionist line in literature and art. They did their after contingent of industrial workers and their ally utmost to peddle, feudnl, bourge+is and t'evisionist wares poor and ]ower-middie peasants h,ave themselves in the field of socialist literature and art, creating a -mounted the political stage to lead- the struggle-criti- miasma in the literary and art world and repeatedly cism-transformation in the superstructure and are per- launching wild attaeks on the young dictatorship of the forming a hitherto unwitnessed earth-shaking great epic. proletariat. is magnifieent scene! This a truly The struggle betrveen the two lines on the literary past a A revolution "to root out all exploiting-class ideol- and art front for more than ten years in the is Ieadership, a ogies, which poison the minds of the people" as pointed struggle between the two classes for out by the "Summary of the Forum on the Work in struggle between restoration and counter-restoration. What the class enemies. really want is to breach the Literature and Art in the i\rmed Forces With Which outpost of literature and art in ordei: io get back their Comrade Lin Ptao Entneted Csrrade Chiang Ching" lost paradise. They want to seize the political stage three years ago, is now boing waged victoriously and in by means of literature and art. a deep-going way. Since the founding ef New China, our great leader great Mao Our leader Ch'airman teaches us: "His- Chairman Mao has many times personally initiated and experience recently torical merits attention." And he led the militant revolutionary criticism of feudal and emphasized is necessary experieuee that "it to surn up bourgeois literature and art around the struggle be- conscientiously." i tween political lines. Chairman Mao's great r,r,orks, such I V[hy after the founding of l{crv China was the E}ost as "Give Serious Attsrtion to the Discussion of the F ilm complete, most tholoughgoing and naost eorrect Marxist- The Life of Wu Hsrlfi," 'T,etter Coneerning Studies of Leninist Iine in Iiterature snd art, formulated by The Dreent af, the Re& Chawbeq" and "?wo Instr-uc- Chairman Mao in his Tolks at the Yenan Forutn on tions Concerning Literature and Art," (see Peking Literature and Art over 20 years ago, not carried out Reuieu, No. 23, 1967) are resplendent milestones in the in most cases by literary and art circles? course of the struggle betv,reen the two lines on the literary and art front since the founding of New China. Why could not this "epoch-rnaking beginning in various reactionary the revolutionization of the old opera" pointed out by Criticizing and repudiating ideologies classes rvhile leading these Chairman Mao in his "Letter to the Yenan Peking Opera of the exploiting partieularly Tlreatre After Seeing Drioen to Join the Liatgshan important struggles, Chairman Mao has Nlauntain Rebels" as early as January 1944 (see Peking emphasized exposing and repudiating their expression pointed Reutezo, No. 23, 196?i be made a common p.ractice in the Party. He has sharpiy out their reac- tionary poiitical line and incisively elaborated the basic "which will prevail throughout the corintry" in some ten years after liberation? Mar1ist view that all class struggles are politicai strug- gles.' Raising the class struggle cn the Literary and art Why did the shadorv of the class enemies which had front to the plane of 'political power, he has time and been driven off the stage of history sti1l linger on and again lvarned the whole Party and dealt heavy blows they even dominate the stage in our literature and art? to the si.nister counter-revolutionary revisionist line in literature and art represented by Liu Shao-chi. Why did the u.'orkers, peasants and soldiers have virttrally no place on this stage and rvhy was socialist In "Give Serious Attention to the Discussion of the Iiterature and art trarnpled on, put dor;u'n and throttted Film The Life ol Wu Hsu,n," Chairman Mao denounces for rn-ell over ten year:s afier the founding of Nevz this reactionary film for its "reaetionary propaganda China? vilifying the revolutionary struggle of the peasants, the history of China and the Chinese nation." He inrmed- whv... ? iately iollows this with the cuiting statement: "Soms '10 Pekirog Reuieza, No" 2A have even capitul;atod to these reaetionary ideas. Is it After prolonged and systematic investigation and shrdy not a fact that reactionary beurgeeis ideas have found and a profound analysis of the histciry of the stnrgl,e their way into the militant Comunist Party?" between the two iines in literature and art, Comrade Chiang Ching led the Shanghai prok{arian revolrr. In the "I*tter Conceming Studies af The Dream of tionaries in reaking through the rnany obstacles set the Red Chamber," Chairman Mao indignantly re- up by the counter-revolutionary revisionist clique and viewed the'rnany struggles a the literary ancl art front launching a fierce attack against the sinister line. Then before 1954 and concentrates qiticism on the handful she organized the crtticism of the play .EIai Jui Dis- of the agents o{ the bourgeoisie in the Party. He points missed From Office, whiih was a most poisonous out: "They form a Enitcd froot *itL botrgeois q'ritets weed. This blasted open the key citadel of this counter- on the basis of idealism and becomc Eilhg eaptives of rrvolutionary revisionist clique and shook the whole the bourgeoisie. It 'was almost the same when the counter.revolutionary front. It also inspired and mob- filos Inside Story of the Ching Cour-t ard The Lile ol ilized the workers, peasants and soldiers and strate- Wu Hsun were sLoum." gically prepare public opinion {or the.Great Proletarian It was rrone .otlrer than Liu Shao-chi, tlre initiator Cultural Revolution. and chief backer .of the sinister line in ]iterature and Because it was a sharp strlrggle for power, Liu art, u*ro exalted as "patriotic" the Insi'ile S*org o{ the Shao-chi and the counter-r€votrutionary revisionist Ching Court which is in fact a film of national betrayal. like clique he supported and manipulated - with those It was none other than Liu Shao-chi and his gang, Peng Chen, Lu Ting-yi, Chou Yarrg, Lin Mo-han in it agents of the bourgeoisie in the Party, w'ho formed "a attaeked and persecuted Coml:ade Chi.ang Ching trnited front with bourgeois writers on the basis of -and the proletarian revolutionaries. Even after Chair- idealism." The enemy inevitab,ly makes last-ditch man Mao had pointed out that "the cr*cial point" of struggles. Severely critieized by Charirman Mao on 'became the play IIai Jui Dismissed From Otfi.ce "is 'dismissed several occasions, Liu Shas

71 Mag 16, 1969 Proletarian Cultural Revolution. It bluntly pointed out the iandlords, the bourgeoisie and all kinds of ghosts that since the founding of the People's Repubiic of and monsters perform on the stage of literature and art China literary and art circles had been "under the dic- in all their frenzy, and they unrestrainedly pushed a tatorship of a sinister anti-Party and anti-sociaiist line sinister counter-revolutionary revisionist line. This which is diametrically opposed to Chairman Mao's conformed to their counter-revolutionary political needs thought. This sinister iine is a combination of bour- in restoring capitalism. Making use of the dominant geois ideas on literature and art, moCern revisionist position of ihe landlord and capitalist classes in the ideas on Iiterature and art and what is known as the cultural fie1d, th,ey waged last-ditch struggles against iiterature and art of the 1930s [in the Kuomintang areas the proletariat. Chairman Mao teaehes us: "To over- of China]." throw a political power, it is always necessary first ol all to create public opinion, to do work in the ideological Ideologically, this sinister line tried to corrupt anC sphere. This is true fot the revolutionary class as well poison the proletariat with feudal, bourgeois and revi- as for the counter-revolutionary class." The ultimate sionist trash. Under many different signboards, it set reason the sinister line and its chief backer Liu Shao- lo

12 Peking Revieto, No. 20 The Ninth Notionol Congress of the Chinese Cornmunist Forty Wqrmly Greeted

Greetings From Argentine Communist nism. The Chinese people have strengthened the ties which unite themselves with the Communist Party- and Vcnguord their great leader Comrade Mao Tsetung. Exalted is the revolutionary spirit of the fraternal Chilese people rvho stand firm like an impregnable ba-:tion in the face Dear Comrade Mao Tsetung, of provocations ol imperialism and it-s coilusion n-ith the Chairman of the Presidium of the Ninth National "neu' Sor-iet tsars" and q-ho are the reliable nearguard Congress of the Communist Party of China, of the revolutionaries of the rr-hole world. Comrale llIao Tsetung has once again demonstraied'his calibre Dear Comrade Delegates: as a great proletarian revolutionary leader. a merito- With great happiness and immense joy, the broad rious successor to Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin, r*-hose masses of Communists, advanced workers and peasants theory he has notably enriched. He is the indisputable as well as revolutionary students of Argentina have leader of the great world revolution in our times. received the news of the convening of the Ninth Con- The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution which gress To us, im- of the Communist Party of China. this has strengthened the Communist'Party of China has portant event i's of political and ideological significance also influenced our Party positively, impelled our goes which beyond the frontiers of the People's Re- organization to tighten its links with tlie masses and public influence has spread all the of China. Its to unite with them in their struggie. It has constituted a peoples reliable of the world who regard China as their great historic lesson from which teachings have con- base Chinese Com- revolutionary of support and the stantly come up for the masses of Party members and as beacon illuminating their path munist Party the light cadres. in the struggle against imperialism and modern revi- sionism. This important meeting of Chinese Commu- Moreover, the international dissemination of nists is held at a time when the U.S. imperialists. Soviet Mao Tsetung Thought, Marxism-Leninism of our epoch, revisionists and reactionaries all over the s-orld have has helped more and more revolutionaries to take hold suffered defeat after defeat. It is a great inspiration of this invaluable weapon for the struggle against im- and support to the peoples the r*-orld over tsho are perialism and military dictatorship now being waged by fighting for their liberation. The magnificent example the Argentine people and our organization. The re- of the Chinese Communists who have made notable peated study and putting into practice of the wise teach- advance in socialist construction and have created an ings of Comrade Mao Tsetung have enabled us to fulfil experience with no equal in the history of mankind, better the revolutionary task and are an inestimable that of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, is assistance to the elaboration of the thesis to be con- extremeiy valuable to all Argentine revolutionaries. sidered in our first national congress at which the We have noticed with great satisfaction that the prole- Revolutionary iommunist Party of Argentina will be tarian headquarters led by Comrade Mao Tsetung has established. For all these reasons, we are anticipating been strengthened, and all the stupid illusions of the u,ith the greatest interest the documents of the Ninth group of enemies headed by the renegade, traitor and National Congress of the Communist Party of China scab Liu Shao-chi who defended the bourgeois revi- in which the Chinese Communists will sum up their sionist reactionary line and tried to turn back the wheel rich experience that will doubtlessly be of great signif- of history and restore capitalism in China are completely icance to us aII. China has not changed its colour and shattered. The Communist Party of China has purified will remain red for ever. This is most important to all its own ranks, cleared out the revisionist renegades and Communists and revolutionaries. Dark hours would be brought about a more profound understanding of the awaiting the whole world had the schemes of the revi- guiding ideology, Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung sionist group headed by the traitor Liu Shao-chi suc- Thought. This has assured the firm orientation of the ceeded. Then the liberation of our fatherland would Chinese revolution which is taking the path to commu- also be delayed. However, it has not been so' On the

1' Mag 16, 1969 contrary, the Argentine people have never enjoyed such Greetings From Mqrxist-Leninist militant solidarity and support from the Chinese Com- munists as todaY. Communist Porty of Ecuodor

Today tJre Argentine people are suffering from the The Ninth Congress of the brutal domination of the pro-U.S. military dictatorship Communi.st Party of China, and are carrying out a growing resistance to the oligar- chical-imperialist plans. The struggle of the working Dear Comrades: class and the people is mounting daily. We are sure In the name of all members and the leaders of the that the Argentine people will grasp Marxism-Leninism- Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador and con- Mao Tsetung Thought, build their own revolutionary veying the sentiments of the revolutionary masses of our party, unfold bravely the struggle in order to wage a people, we extend warm revolutionary greetings to the people's war which would put an end to the power of Ninth Congress of the fraternal Communist Party of and reactionaries. The great heroic imperialism all China, the vanguard of world revolution. deeds of the Chinese people will sooner or later find its eeho in Argentina. We, the Argentine revolutionary Armed with Mao Tsetung Thought, the Communist Communists, pledge our everlasting loyalty to Party of China, creatively applytng Marxism-Leninism Mao Tsetung Thought, to the general line for the libera- to the concrete conditions of its own country" wisely led tion of Asia, Africa and Latin America, and to the prin- the most numerous revolutionary people on earth to people's and prolonged bloody ciple of people's war. Therefore, we, the revolutionary carry out, through war struggle, the anti-feudal and anti-imperialist democratic Communists of Argentina, will carefrrlly study the con- revolution, winning victory over the internal and ex- clusions of the Ninth National Congress of the Commu- ternal enemies. This has shownr the peoples of semi- nist Party of China, in order to apply them creatively to feudal and semi-colonial countries the correet road to the concrete reality of our country and emulate your their liberation, thus enriching the treasury of Mar:proletarian revolution and the great the people in socialist construction, converting China Marxist-Leninist ! from a baekward country into a powerful one, with advanced agriculture, modern industry, highly developed Long livc Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought! culture, technology and science, and with a military Argentine Communist Vanguard strength capable of defending the brilliant achieve- people schemes internal April 17, 1969 ments of the against the of the and external enemies. Taking into eonsideration the negative experience in other socialist countries whose leaders have betrayed Greetings From Austrion Revolutionory the revolution and are sunk in the revisionist swamp, the Communist Party of China, being loyal to the destinly Workers' Associotion of its people and of world revolution, has conducted, throu-gh compiicated class struggie and by bold and (Marxist-Len inists) gigantic mobilization of the masses, the Great Pro- Ietarian Cultural Revolution, which has smashed revi- Peking sionisrn in the country, consolidated the dictatorship of the proletariat by elearing the ranks of the Communist Chairman Mao: Party and all the state organs of the representatives of . The Austrian Revolutionary Workers' Association the bourgeoisie and other reactionaries headed by Liu (Marxist-Leninists) hails most warmly the congress. Shao-chi, prevented the restoration of capitalism in this The congress has tremendor:s significance for the world great socialist country, tremendously promoted the eommunist movement and the world revolution against development of the socialist soeiety in all fields and, imperialism and revisionism. creating a new type of man, laid the foundation fsr the building of communism. The Great Proletarian Cul- Alfred Jodra tural Revoltrtion has aehieved fundamental victory all April 24, 1969 over China and is going to gain thorough vietory. This

t4 Pekingt Revieu,; No. 20 has dcalt. a heavy blow to imperialisrn, revisiohism:and Long live Mao Tsetung-Thuught Marxisn-Fqin- reaction the world over, and it is an important eontribu- ism of our era! - tion to the revolutionary cause the peoples all of of gieetings, countries. With Iraternal revolutionary the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Rafael Echeverria, people have coasistently adhered to the fundamental First Secretary, principles of proletarian internationalism, and are con- Central Committee, tinuing to put them into practice as they weaken the Marxist-Leninist Communist worLd strength of impe!:ialism by their revolution and Party of Ecuador as they give unconditional aid to all the revolutionar5r April S" 1969 peoples who dare to carry the struggle for liberation through to the end. The Communist Party of China has well appiied a Stotement by Communist Porty of correct revolutionary policy in its relations with Austrolic (M-l-) fraternal Parties, a policy of co-operation and unity based on principle, of mutual respect and treating each The Communist Party of Australia (Marxist- other on equal footing. Leninist) issued a statement on May 7 saying that "the 9th Congress of the Communist Party of China was a The resolute struggle waged by the Communist profound and tremendous victory for the revolutionary Party of China in recent years against moderrr revision- people of China and for the revolutionary people of all ism and the whole course of her revolution have set a the world. In Australia we hail this world-shaking great example of class firmness, of intransigence on victory. This congress was a congress of unity and principles and boundless loyalty to the revolutionary victory." theory of the proletariat-Marxisrn-Leninism, and, at the same time, a great example in creatively applying The Chinese Communist Party, the statement said, and genuinely enriching this ideology in the course of "stands like granite and emerges stronger than ever. struggle. It is correctly designated the 'great, glorious and correct Communist Party of China.' It took another gigantic The genuine revolutionary struggle of the Com- step in equipping the minds of the world's revolution- munist Party of China deserves, as it has always ary people with the universal truths of Marxism- deserved, the sincere respect, love and support of the Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought. Armed with Marx- Ecuadorian Marxist-Leninists and of the working class ism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought there is nothing and people whom they represent and serve. It is also that the revolutionary people cannot achiese.' an immense inspiration and example in their struggie. Our Party is aware of the fact that all the great achieve- It continued: "Ihe Gret Proletarian Giltural ments of the fraternal Chinese Part5r are connected rlith Revolution in CtiDa aroused tbe &ire mrq< anrl the constant practice of Mao Tsetung Thought Marx- f[s rnrssnc thwgbout tbe vcld to rtnmd Ogle ism-Leninism of our €rzl, nnd is making serious- efforts a€ainst imp€rialism headed bg U-S. imperiallm and to study it and apply it to the oncrete couditions of our revisionism the centre of whictr is tJre Soviet renegade revolution. revisionist clique. The documents of tbe congress serve as an inspiring guide to be integrated u,ith our own Dear comrades, we are eonvinced that your congress reality. Everyone will closely study the press com- will make new contributions to the great cause of the muniques, the magnificent report of Lin Piao and the Chinese people and to that of the world revolution. We new Chinese Party Constitution. The rep.ort of Vice- wholeheartedly wish your congress success in accom- Chairman Lin Piao is a briltiant and consistent exposi- plishing its tasks of far-reaching importance. We are tion and application of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung united, firmly united, with you and with atrl genuine Thought. The questions of political power, for or Marxist-Leninist revolutionaries of different countries, against the dictatorship oI the proletariat, how to and we will continue to be so for ever in accordance with maintain, defend and develop the dictatorship of the the principles of Marxism-Leninism, in the ruthless proletariat are critical questions for all revolutionaries. struggle against irnperialism and all the reactionaries They are systematieally examined and elucidated in partners I and their and agents the revisionists of Vice-Chairrnan Lin Piao's report." i every description thus fulfilling- the task of unremit- tingly leading our- people in the war of liberation and The statemerrt pointed out that "unless one under- making contribution to world revolution through the stands that Mao Tsetung firought is an entirely new { struggle. stage of Marxism-Leninisn, is Marxism-Leninism of q t.l'e contemporary world, one is unarmed in the struggle Iong live the great Communist Party of China ! 1 against imperialism and revisionism." Long live the militant umty of the Marrist-Leninist Truly for or against Mao Tsetung Ttrought, it throughout the world! movement said, "is the touchstone of loyalty to the socialist revo- Long live the triumphant struggle of all the peoples lution. Liu Shao-chi was against it for decades. He of the world against imperialism and revisionism! dpposed Mao Tsetung Thought, opposed the dictatorship

May 16, 1969 I5 of the proletariat. Mass investigation showed that this advance towards communism and has opened up a new was no accident, He was a long time traitor, renegade, era for the emancipation of mankind. spy and scab. He rvorked for the internal and interna- The editorial said: "Comrade Mao Tsetung is the tional reaction. He worked for the dictatorship of the greatest Marxist of our time, the greatest standard- proletariat. bourgeoisie against the dictatorship of the bearer standing at the forefront of the world proleta- profound This is a theoretical and practieal lesson." riat and the greatest leader of the people throughout The staterrrent said: "In our conditions, the ques- the world. Mao Tsetung Thought is Marxism-Leninism tion of the struggle for political po\^,er, for the political at its highest level in the present era and the powerful pcwer of the Australian working class is the critical ideological weapon guiding the liberation struggle of question." It denounced the Aarons renegade revi- the world's people to victory." sionist clidue for betraying the interests of the Austra- It said: "Comrade Mao Tsetung has waged a tit- lian working .class. for-tat struggle against modern revisionism v'zith the The statement said that the report of Comrade Lin Soviet revisionist renegade clique as its centre; he has Piao, Chairman Mao's close comrade-in-arms, "has given inherited, defended and developed Marxism-Leninism. us a rvonderful weapon of Mao Tsetung Thought. We too Ccmrade Mao Tsetung has led the big international must place Mao Tsetung Thought in comnrand of every- struggle of Marxism-Leninism against modeln revi- thing." sionism from victory to victory and dispelled the dark clouds temporarily brought about by modern revi- sionism. This has enormously inspired the struggle of the Marxist-Leninists of the 'ivhole world and the strug- Editoriol by Japan's "People's Stsr" gle of the Japanese Marxist-Leni.nists against modern revisionism." People's Sfar, organ of the Natlonal Council of the It pointed out: "The victorious Ninth National Con- Japanese Communist Party (Left), said in its May 5 gress of the Communist Party of China, held under the editorial: ''This congTess has CernonsirateC to the coun- perscnal leadership of Comrade Mao Tsetung and try and the n-orld the composition of the po-"' eriul an:iist the song of victorl- of the Great Proletarian Cul- leading orgrn of the great, glorious and corr-ect Ccsr- tural Rer.olution. is the most virid sFnbol of the nerv munist Party of China personally founded and nurtured era of rvorid revolution rrith NIao Tsetung Thought as t b1' Comrade Mao Tsetung. It has solemnly proclaimed its great banner; it is a clarion call to the people of ihe the great victory of Mao Tsetung Thought. It is not world to march to new victory," cnly a congress full of vigour and vitality and rvith far- reaching influence in the history of the Chinese Com- munist Party, but is also an epoch-making congress t of paramount historic significance in the history of Arficle Brosdccst by "Voice of the I the world comrn,unist mo$emeht. It is bound to have Fecple Rodio far-reaching influence on the liberation struggle of the of Thoi!cnd" i people of all countries." I The "Voice of the People of Thailand" Radio, in f- The editorial pointed out that Comrade Mao Tsetung an articie broadcast recently, most r,l,armly acclaimed i has summed up in a scientific 'uvay the historical the victorious close of the Ninth National Congress of experience of the dictatorship of the proletariat the Chinese Communist Party. in the world, comprehensively expounded the question The article said: The victorious close of the Ninth of contradictions, classes and class struggles under the National Congress of the Communist Party of China conditions of the dictatorship of the proletariat, and is a great victory for Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung put forth the great theory of continuing the revolution Thought, for the Communist Party of China, for the u.nder the dictatorship of the proietariat. It said that 700 million Chinese people and for the Marxist-Lenin- this was an ineffaceabie contribution to the develop- ists and revolutionary people throughout the world. ment of Marxism and to the cause of the emancipation The revolutionary people of Thailand under the of mankind. leadership of the Communist Party of Thail.and jubilant- ly and warmly greet the great victory scored by the Comrade Mao Tsetung has developed Marxism- congress, Leninism, solved a series of questions concern- ing the proletarian revolution in the era in which im- It noted: "This congress not only is sure to have perialism is heading for total collapse and social.ism is a far-reaching influence in the history of the Com- advancing to worldwide victory and has led China,s munist Party of China, but also on the international socialist revolution to tremendous victory. He has communist movement and the w'orld revolution. It will solved both in theory and practice the question of con- go down in history as a tremendous contribution to tinuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the manl

16 Pekin4 Reuieu:, No. 20 personally founded' -the by Chairman Mao Tsetung, r' The article said: " The heroic and revolutionar-v Chi- great leader of the revolutionary people of the u,orld, ne,se Communist Party during its 48 years of life has ac- is great, glorious and con'ect. It demonstrates the un- complished most outstanding deeds. This is the Parts precedented might and unity of the Communist Party whose militant heroes astounded the world by complet- of China." ing the 25,000-li Long March. This is the Party r*-hich through its 22 years of uninterrupted armed struggle Under the guidance Chairman Mao Tsetung's of made the Chinese people the arbiters of their own fu- proletarian revolutionarlr line, Chinese Communist the ture by defeating U.S. imperialism, Japanese imperial- Party has always stood the firmly at the forefront of ism and their Chinese lackeys. This is the Party u.hich struggle against imperialism headed by the United Iaunched the struggle against international revisionism States and modern revisionism g,ith Soviet revisionism with Soviet revisionism as the centre. This is the Part5- as its centrg the article said. which successfuily carried out the current Great Prole- The victory of this congress, it said, will make tarian Cultural Revolu-tion. This is the Party which to- Mao Tsetung Thought shine rvith brighter radiance in day stands in the forefront as a vanguard in the wiping China and the rest of the wor'ld, make the dictatorship out of the most ferocious enemies of the people of the of the proletariat in China stiil more consolidated and world - U.S. imperialism and Soviet revisionism. The ensure that the People's Republic of China the most article pointed out that the holding of the Ninth Nation- reliable rear, base area and buiwark of world- revolu- al Congress of the Communist Party of China is indeed tion will never change its colour. the riost momentous event in the international com- - mu-nist movement. The article poir-rted out that the militant call by The article great leader of this heroic the congress to thoroughly smash the U.S.-Soviet plot said: "The Farty Mao Tsetung has raised Marxism-Leninism to for redividing the world, and to carry through to the peak." Tsetung represents end the great struggle against imperialism, revisionism a new "Mao Thought the sum total of the loftiest wisdom in the world todal- and all reaction has given immense inspiration to ihe and is embodiment his incomparable genius." It Marxist-Leninists and revoluiionary people throughout the of pointed out that Mao Tsetung Thought is lighting up the world and struck terror into the hearts of impe- the path of advance for the people. rialism, revisionism and reaction. The congress will speed up the development of world revolution. The article said: "To the oppressed people the con- gress will show them the road of how to get rid of The revolutionary people of Thailand under the their oppression, whereas for U.S. imperialism and Se' Ieadership of the Communist Party of Thailand, the viet revisionism it will sound their death-knel1. Its de- article said, are immensely elated and inspired by the cisions rvill instil fresh courage anri enthu-.i;:m amo:-3 great victory of the Ninth Natior-ral Congress of the the revolutionaries ani frighten C.S- img-a1io" So- Communist Party of China. They regard the victorl' viet rerisionl.m and their lackeys to death-" of the congress as their own victor]-. The artide said: "lr:o Tsetung Thought is the lni- The article stated that the people of Thailand will versal truttr of the present era." "ldao Tsetung Thought follow the teaching of the Communist Party of lbai- is illumining the minds of ?fi) million Chinese people land to hold the €ireat red banner of Mao Tsetung and the other 2,300 million people of the whole s'orld Thought still higher, study Mao Tsetung Thought well with new refulgence. The brilliance of Mao Tsetung while waging people's war, and more effectiveiy inte- Thought is the greatest obstacle in the path of the grate Mao Tsetung Thought with the concrete practice gangsterism of the imperialists, revisionists and their of the revolution in Thailand so that the radiance of lackeys." "Mao Tsetung Thought is the Marxism- great Mao Tsetung Thought will shine over all Leninism of the present era and the great guide to the Thailand. In conclusion, the articie said: "Together international communist movement." with the Chinese people and all other revolutionary people, the people of Thailand will carry the revolu- The article said: The Ninth National Congress of tionary struggle against imperialism, revisionism and the Chinese Communist Party u'ill once again confirm reactron through to the end. 'A new world without the Marxist-Leninist truth that the future definitely imperialism, without eapitalism and withorlt any systerh belongs to the people; that, historically, imperialism, of exploitation is certain to be built."' revisionism and their lackeys are ali dying forces; that the people sooner or later will surely overthrow them' i

Article by lndio's "Jommu Ssndesh" Greetings From Fronce-Chins Friendship

In an article on April 10, the Urdu weekly Jammu, Associqtion Sondesh of India pointed out that the people and the The France-China Friendship Association has en- revolutionaries all over the world welcome the Ninth thusiastically acclaimed the holding and victorious close National Congress of the Communist Party of China of the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party with warm feelings and enthusiasm: of China.

Mag 16, 1969 17 In a message of greetings, the assoc{aiion said: We It said: "We are certain that the Chinese eeodet who shoulder tJre task of developiqg ties of friendship victories will strengthen the confidence of the people of struggle, a9d wra shall between the.French people and the Peoplds Bepublic ot the world in the outcome of their intensify our efforts make known to the workets, Chirra acclaim the great viciories of }ilao Tset'ung to peasants, students and progressive intellectuals of Franee Thought and Chairman Ulao's prolefarian revolutionary tfre rea] condition oJ socialist China." line achieved in the great congr,ess of unity. The message concluded with the slogans: 'A"ong The rnessage declared: "rWe extend warm con- live the rnilitant triendship between the French and gratulations to Chairman Mao Tsetung, Vice-Chairtnan Chinese peoples!" "Long live the great People's Republic Lin Piao and the nerv Central Commiltee elected by the of China.!" and "I-ong live Chairman Mao Tsetuag;" a cong.r3ss." long, long life to him!"

People of lndio Embark on the Rosd of Armd Struggle

OMMUNIST revolulionaries iD India are vigo- of armed struggle. They translated the brilliant works rousl-"- studying and appl3iog f&rxis*Leninism- of Chairman Mao into different dialects and published Mao Tseiung Thought in the fiCht of the con- them in large quantities and widely spread Mao Tsetung crete questions of the Indian revolution and are be- Thought in revolutionary journals. They distributed ginning to }ead the revolutionary people of India on to and put up lalge quantities of revolutionary leaflets and the revolutionar5r road of armed strr"rggle. They are posters, and laid stress on spleading the great truth making r-esrarkable achievements. poinied out by Chairman Mao * "Politieal power grou's out of the barrel of a guu." '?oliticol Power Grows Out of the Bsrrel of o Gun" The Indian rCommunist revolutionaries began going deep into the rural areas to lead and rouse the peasants India is a big country with a population of 500 to armed struggle. A peasant revolutionary struggle rnillion. For several hundred years, brutal rule by im- developed in Naxalbari and other areas of DarjeeUng perialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism has District, West Bengal State, at the beginning of 1907, plunged the Indian people into the depths of rnisery. and it sttuck India like a spring thunderbolt. By heroi: Plagued by httnger and poverty, the Indian people' are cally using violence against reactionary rule and feudal among the most downtrodden in the world. ?o fight for oppression. the Naxalbari peasants have unfurled a emancipation, they have tried various kinds of revolu- glorious banner for the Indiaa people's struggle for tionary struggle. To stamp out the revolutionary flames emancipation. the people. lndia's reactionary ruling class has long of The spark kindled by the Naxalbari peasants'rev- propagafed the "doctrine of non-r,io1ence." The Indian olutionary struggle has blazed in several parts of India rer.isionists who cater to the needs of the reactionary in the last two years. Under the leadership of the class doing utrnost illusions ruling are their to spread Irdian Communist revolutionaries, the hill people in about in a vain attem,pt to lure "peaceful transition" the Srikakulam District, Andtu'a State, who are ground .l Indian people on to the "parliarrrentary road." The down by the Indian reactionaries, arm themselves wit'h jr crimes of the Indian rerzisionists in shamelessly betray- born s and alrows and" time and again deal heavy blows ing the lndian revolution have u'on the praise and sup- to the reactionary poiice. The flames of their struggl.e port of the notorious Khrushchov and renegade, the have splead to the plains and coastal areas and on to hidden traitor and scab Liu Shao-chi. adjoining Orissa State. In a number of places in Bihar Marxism-Leni.nism-Mao Tsetung Thought .launched State and Uttar Pradesh, revolutionary peasants or- d powerfu-I struggle in the sixties of this century against ganized themselves, heroically beat back armed sup- 1 modern revisionism and scored a great vietory, In this pression the and reactionary .took by landlords troops and sittration, the Indian Cornmunist revoltrtionaries police and seized back large tracts of land from the concrete action to rebel against the revisionists in the landlords. A peasant revoLutionary armed f,orce re- Lndian Communisi Party, smashed the "parHarnentary cently appeared in the jungles near Lakhimpur in Uttar road" shackles and embarked on the ievolutionary road Pradesh, striking repeatedly at the reactionary police

T8 Peking Retiew, No. 30 foree. In Kerala State, revolutionary peasants have of the masses. Many fighters in the Naxalbari struggie also rvaged one armed struggle after another. r.r,ho have studied Chairman Mao's works no\r: have a better understanding of the rlass line. One rel.olution- lntegrotion of Morxism-leninism-Mce Tsetung ary said: "Chairman Mao has taught us that rve should Thought With Revolutionory Prcctice cherish boundless warm-heartedness towards all com- While firrnly taking ttte revolutionarl' road of rades *nd the people. I used to work in the villages, armed struggle, the Indian Communist revolutionaries and m;r feeling about the peasants uras superficial- I and India*r revolutionar;' people constantl.v summed up w'rongly took it for granted that the peasants should the experienee in and drew lessons from the r-evoiution- weleome me and be grateful since I was there working ary practice of the last tr+'o yeals. appiying Marxism- for them. Judged by Chairman Mao,s thesis on -'sert'- Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought to the solution of a ing the people whole-heartedly,' I discovered that I'm series of questions arbing fmrr their revolutionar5l individualistie in thought, and my world outlook is now practice. uudergoing a ehange." Another fighter '*,ho had taken part in the Naxalbari struggle said: Self-reliance is a After summing up the experienee and lessons matter of fundamentai importance in the revolutionary gained in the Naxalbari struggle; the India'rr Comrcunist struggle. To persist self-reliance, one must irave revolutionaries pointed explicitly to the lrr,lportauce of in confideuce ir,r and on the masses oI the people, building a Party armed with Ailarxism-Leninisa- rely politically and economically. Mao Tsetung Thought. In a report summing up th8 experience of the Naxalbari struggle rvhich \,tr'as The Indian Communist revolutionaries aitach n-ructr published not long ago, they pointed out that one of importance to rural inve-stigation and class antriysis. ,4n the eauses of tlre terntrxr161yy setback in the l\iaxaihri ar*ie1e they published in the weekly Deshabrati. quoted struggle is: "The absence of a Party which is arrned Chairman Mao's, teaching in his brilliant work. Atalysis with the theory of Marxisnr-Leninism and, its highest of the Closses i.n Chinese Soci,,etg. Chairman Mao said: development in the present era, Illao Tsetung Thought, "fiie basic reaso{r rnhy all prer,'ious revolutionary strug- which is dosely linked with the masses, whi.ch does not gles in China achieved so little was their failure to fear self-criticism and which has masteted the *Iarxist- unite with real friends in order to attack real enerxfu." Leninist style of lnrork." The article pointed otrt that to, ensure suecess I+r tk revolution, i* is ir,nperative that the Indian revolutiona- Communist revolutionaries the The Indian in ries make a general analysis of the eeonomie status of Naxalbari struggle have pointed to the importaace of ihe various classes in Indian societSr. inclu

May 76, 1969 19 I I

Orgonizing the Peqsonts, Building Ups People's Armed Force ond Lounching Armed Struggle For Complete Overthrow of Reoctionory Rule

Revolutionory lndion journols corry o report *hich uses Morrism. - Leninism-Moo Tsetung Thought to sum up the experience ond lessons of the peosont ormed struggle in Norolbori ond other ploces

rnHE Indian weekly Deshabrati and the monthly lords and usurers. The state apparatus of the com- I Liberation recently caried a report which uses prador-bureaucrat bourgeoisie and landlords is pre- Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought to sum up serving the feudal system by force and carrying on an the experience and lessons of the peasant armed armed rule. Inspired by Chairman Mao's teaching, struggle rvhich reached a high tide in March and April "Polilical power grows out of the barrel of a gun," 1967 in Naxalbari and other places in the Siliguri sub the heroic peasants opposed this armed rule with armed division, Darjeeling District irr the northern part of revolL IYest Bengal State. It continues: The peasants of Terai not only dealt Ttre re1rcrt points out that in a country like India, a fierce blow at feudalism, they also expressed their the only way to overthrow the regime of the comprador- intense hatred for the imperialist exploitation of India. bureaucrat bourgeoisie and the landlord class is by especially its exploitation by U.S. imperialism, srn,ept arming the peasants, building a people's armed force into the dust the political, economic and social au- and waging armed struggle. It also severely denounces thority, dignity and prestige built up in the villages the Indian revisionists for acting as an accomplice of by the landlords who represent feudalism, and es- the reactionary Indian Government in suppressing the tablished the rule of the peasant committee in the peasants' revolutionary armed struggle. villages through their armed revolt. That is why the Naxalbari struggle has shown the path for the libera- i , lmportonce of the Peosont Question tion of India's oppressed classes. ln lndio peasants The report first stresses the importance of the It says: The struggle of the heroic has peasant question in India. It says: Ours is a semi- brought to the forefront quite forcefully the role of peasants over- colonial and semi-feudal country, 80 per cent of whose the in India's democratic revolution population live in the villages. The contradiction coming the fierce and active opposition put up by all reactionaries between the people of our country and feudalism is the the and revisionists. principal contradiction. The comprador-bureaucrat Account of Peosont Struggle in Siliguri bourgeoisie and the landlords have been carrying on their rule and exploitation through their political or- The report then gives an account of the peasant ganization, the Congress Party, by protecting fully and struggie in the Siliguri sub-division, Darjeeling District. developing imperialist interests and by covering up the It notes that a peasant convention was held in the basis of feudalism with legal coatings. So the peasants Siliguri sub-division. The convention gave out the call are the main force of the anti-imperiaiist and anti- to (1) establish the authority of the peasant committees feudal struggle. Unless the peasants are liberated it in all matters of the village, (2) get organized and be is impossibie to achieve the liberation of all other op- armed in order to crush the resistance of the land- pressed classes. The Terai [hilly areas below the lords and rural reactionaries and (3) smash the land- Himalayas] peasants are a part of our country's peas- lords' monopoly of ownership of the land and redis- antry. These heroic peasants dealt l4erciless blows to 11:ibute the land anew through the peasant corrimittees. the obsolete peasants' and rotten feudal elernents - the land- The convention further declared that the 20 Peking Reuieu, No. 20 struggle against feudalism would have to facb repression 6. They brought to trial the wicked, ruffian by all react.ionaries, be it Indira Gandhi's government elements and flunkeys of the Iandlords, some of whonr in New Delhi or the United Front government in West were paraded through the streets with fools, caps on Bengal. So, all their repression must be resisted by their heads. force of arms and by carrying on a protracted struggle. 7. They armed themselves with traditional weap- The report says: "Almost al1 the villages got or- ons like bows, arrows and spears, as well as with guns ganized during the period from the end of March to forcibly taken from the landlords, and organized armed the end of April 1967. Whereas, previously, the mem- groups. bership strength of the Kisan Sabha [peasant associa- B. They tion] could not be increased beyond. 5 thousand, the aranged for night watch; announced that punishment membership now jumped to nearly 40 thousand. About severe rvould be awarded in case of theft and 15 to 20 thousand peasants began to do whole-time work dacoity; and shouldered the responsibility of run- and built up peasant committees in villages. The young ning the schools. men of the villages who had seen never before been 9. In every area they created revolutionary com- in the front ranks Kisan of the Sabha now occupied the mittees and established the peasants' political power. place of veteran peasant cadres. Vtrith the speed of a storm the revolutionary peasants, in the course of about 10. They declared the bourgeois law and law- one and a half months, formed peasant committees courts null and void in the villages. The decisions of through hundreds of group meetings and turned these the revolutionary committees were declared to be the committees into armed village defence groups. In a law. word, they organized about 90 per cent of the village The report says: Ttre leadership of this struggle population. Ihis action of the peasants completely was, naturally, in the hands of the landless peasants, changed all of our old ideas of organization. Chairman who are the most militant section of the peasantry. Mao teaches us: 'The masses have boundless creative The reason why these revolutionary actions could be- power. They can organize themselves and concentrate come so far-reaching and so vast in their sweep is that on places antl branches of work where they can give the leadership of the struggle was in the hands of the full play to their energy.' We came to realize more poor landless peasants, who constitute 70 per cent of profoundly the significance of this teaching our of the peasantry. great teacher Chairman Mao from this action of the Terai peasants," It continues: "AlI the so-called Left parties joined the Congress Party in their mad crusade to vilifl' the Ten Greot Tosks for tlYiping Out tre Feudol struggle of the heroic peasants of Terai. But all their System in the Yilloges r'ilification caD never hide the fact that the peasants The report points out that the revolutionary activ- of Terai have overthrown feudalism root and branctq ities of the peasants united al1 the peasants irrespective a feat which could not be done through any legislation of their nationality, religion, language and caste. The or any other thing during all these hundreds of years.t peasants mainly accomplished the ten great tasks for wiping out the feudal system in the viliages that had Struggle to Seize Lond ond Stqte Power existed for centuries. It points out that this struggle is a struggle not only for land but also for state power. 1. They deciared that ail land which was not owned and tilled by the peasants themselves was to be The report quotes Chairman Mao's teaching: "The redistributed by the peasant committees. seizure of power by armed force, the settlement of the issue by war, is the central task and the highest form 2. They held meetings and burnt all the legal of revolution. This Matxist-Leninist principle of rev- deeds and documents relating to the land. olution holds good universally, for China and for all 3. They declared nu-ll and void all agreements other countries." relating to the mortgage of land and bullocks, which The report says: our country also, we can suci the peasants had been forced into by the landlords and "In ceed in overthrowing the regime of the comprador- money-lenders, as well as the huge burden of interest bourgeoisie and the landlords only by arm- imposed on them. bureaucrat ing the peasants and by building up guerrilla groups 4. They confiscated and distributed among them- and a regular armed force. The peasants of Terai have selves rice and other things hoarded by the landlords. taken up exactly this work."

5. They brought to trial notorious landlords and The report denounces those so-called communists sentenced them to death. dressed up as "Marxists" who want to keep the anti-

May 76, 7969 21 feudal struggle 1reggd to the question of iand distribu- initiative and wanted to do something, we of petty tion. They kome panieky whenever they see armed bourgeois origin opposed them. The reason is, we did peasants. not understand, nor did we even try to understand, the actions of the masses. On the contrary, under the influ- ft says: "The struggle of the peasants is'not merely ence of old revisionist habits we arbitrarily set limits a struggle for land. On the eontrary, in order to end as to how far they should go. This resulted in thwarting the monopoly of land ownership and feudal exploitation the initiative of the rna$ses and blunting the edge of by the landlords in the villages, which are being pre- the class struggle." served by the Congress Party, the political party of the comprador'-birreaucrat bourgeoisie and the landlords, The report saysl "During the second stage of our with the help of the poiitical, economic, social and cul- struggle, we have resolved, we must link ourselves w'ith tural structure that serves the landlords, a new political, the needs and wishes of the people, go to the peo,ple economic, social and cultural structure must be created w'ith boundless love and respeet in our trcart *nd in- by establishing a new political power. This political tegrate ourselves with lfre people." power can be established by arousing and arming the points peasants. by organizing guerrilla groups, by ereating The report out emphatically: "Chairmatr Mao paper In liberated areas, by buiiding a regular armed force, and teaches us: 'AII reaetionaries are tigers. in by proteciing and expanding this force. Such a political appearance, the reaetionaries are terrifying, but power. no matter in how sma]l an area it is established, reality they are not so powerful From a long-term point people is the embryo of the future people's democratic state of vierv, it is not the reactionaries but thc power in India." who are really powerful.' If, in any strugglq we hap- pen to over-estimate the ene,rny's strength politically, Referring to the question of the united front in the it will never be possible to gain victory in that str-uggle. anti-feudal struggle, the report points out that an im- In other words, if we do not kave, frcrnr tlre strategis portant aspect of the struggle of the heroic peasants of viewpoint, the eourage and firmness required to defeat Terai is its success in gaining the support of the tea- the enemy, we shall inevitably face defeat." garden workers and other toiling people and. thus. in- tensifS.ing the struggle still further by building a united Deee* Study the Political oad Militcry front in the anti-feudal struggle- Ttis is the mct im- Iheorier ef Chcemon Mco Iprtant raslk A rmited frsrt of all antiimperialist, mti{eudal elemerrts that can be unit€4 cau be built In condusion, the re1rcrt says: What we have learnt only on the basis of the worker-peasant arEahee €arry- from the struggle of the Terai peasants is that we must ing on armed struggle. deeply study the political and military theories of Chairman Mao, apply them in practice and then study Deviotions ond Lessons in Struggle them again. Our greatest responsibility is to make arrangements for our worker arrd peasant crornra:des to The report then sums up the deviations and lessons study the thought of Chairrnan Mao. in struggle. "Why have we failed, though temporarily, to advance the struggle of the heroic peasants of Terai? Furthermore, we have learut from the experience The reasons are: lack of a strong Party organizatian, of our struggle that the armed groups formed after failure to rely wholeheartedly on the masses and to arcusing the people in the viilages and arming them build a powerful mass base. ignora,nce of military af- will beeome the village defenee groups. fairs, thinking on old lines and a formal attitude torvards the establishment of political power and the work of We must aequire knowledge of guerrilla rn'arfare revolutionary land reform. We must always bear in by arming the peasants with traditional weapons mind Chairman Mao's teachings in discussing these (bows and arrows, spears, etc.) and by organizing as- rnatters. He teaches us: "New things alw*ys have to saults on the class ener,nies. experience difficulties and setbaeks as they grow. It is sheer fantasy to funagine that the cause of soeialism We are to build up liberated zones gradually by is all plain sailing and easy success, without difficulties forming peasant guerrilla groups and by carr;ring on and setbacks or the exertion of tremendous efforts."' their activities. It, would not be possible either to forrs "By the lack of a strong Party organization we mean guerilla groups or to camy on their activities for long, the absence of a Party which is armed with the theory if we do not, at the same time, prsevere in building of Marxism-Leninism and its highest development in Iiberated zones also. We must lay utmost stress cn the present era, Mao Tsetung Thought, which is closely building a people's armed foree. To build a people's linked rvith the masses, which does not fear self- armed force, we must form centrally organieed gyoups criticism and which has mastered the Marxist-Leninist of armed guemillas. These, we think, will be the em- style of work." bryo of the people's armed force.

The report states: "We were unable to raise the In sor,ne other areas, again, we may try to organize struggle firmly to a higher stage because we failed to armed peasant revolts and build the people's armed rely wholly on the people and to build a powerful mass foree eomprising those armed peasants who have risen base," 'qWhenever the heroic peasant rnass€a took the in revolt.

,, Peking Reaiew, No. ZA lJ.S. lmperialism and Soviet Revisionism Step Up " Middle Eost Munich" Plot

A "four-power meeting" of the United States, the had held talks which Nixon described as "inspiring." Soviet lJnion, France and Britain is going on in New After that, Dobrynin called at the U.S. State Depart- York. Purported to be a meeting for "settling the ment end held 11 secret talks r;r,ith Sisco. U.S. As- Middle East question," it is actually an intensified ef- sistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South fort in plotting a "Middle East Mtrnich" so as to realize Asian Affairs, plotting back-room secret deals. This the crimiaal ambition of the imperialist and revisionist shorvs that the "four-porn er meeting" is actually a po\4,ers primarily the United States and the Soviet meeling bet.,veen U.S. imperialism and Soviet r:evision- Union-to- dominate the Midd1e East. Lsrn io dir-ide the spoils. rrith Britain and France mer:ely play:ng a minor role in the hope of getting a ies' crumbs Detregates of the Unit€d States, the Soriet Union, frcm the tairle. France and Britain to the United Nations have beld Frlll5r re*.ealing fearures. U-S. imperial- seven meetings since early April in an effort to put its hideous ism :nd inslde and together a plan for a "political solution" of the Middle has been mct arrogarrr Husterilg East question to be imposed on the Arab people. It outside the "four-power meetiag-* -lfter o:m-"ul:ations with Israel, diqhed 2{ is their hope that, through this "lVliddle East Munich,"' the United States up @ lilarch a working paper" on tbe *elutiou they wiJl be able to force the Arab countries to. come "nine-point so-calfed of East question" to terms rvith and capitulate to Israel, a tool of im- the Middle which was-to be tbe b*sis for at meetirigi siile periaiist aggression, completely liquidate the Palestine bargaining the "four-power ty *te with the "five-point plan" put forward by tJre Soyiet cause of liberation, and stamp out the flames of the revisionists at the end of last December. It was revealed Palestinian people's ar.med struggle. This plot is an proposed putting important part of the counter-revolutionary political that the U.S. imperialists openly dorrn the armed struggle of the Palestinian people and forcing deal being made between U.S. imperialism and Soviet the Arab countries cede territories Israel in the revisionist social-imperialism in their wild attempt ttr to to name (including the cession redivide the world. of "border adjustments" of the Golan Heights of Syria and Jerusalem), granting Israeli vessels the freedc,m navigation through the "Four-Power Meeting" A Meeting Between U.S. lm- of periolism snd Soviet Revis,ionism- to Diride the Spoil: Suez Canal and the Strait of Tiran, and recognizing the "sovereignty'' of Israel. In addition, it also proposed The convening of the "four-power meeting" is a the siationing of a so-called "Lr.N. force" in the "demili- continuation and development of the "political solution" tarized zone" to carry out "supervision" with a view fraud on the Middle East question whieh U.S. imperial- to facilitating control by the U.S. imperialists and Soviet ism and Soviet revisionism have been pushing for the revisionists- past two years. In order to forcibly effect in the Middle East a "political solution" which is resolutely opposed by Souiet Revisionist Sociol-lmperiolism's the Arab people, ltance, which is anxious to "retltrn Erponsion in the Middle Eost to the Middle East," proposed in mid January this year revisionist social-imperialism, on the one r.l'ith the support of the Soviet revisionists that the "four Soviet hand, contending with U.S. imperialism for spheres powers" hold a meeting within the frameu,ork of the is of influence in the Middle East, infiltrating into the United Nations to work out a formula. Beginning in Ar-ab countries politically, militarily and economically February, delegates of the four countries had frequent by means of sham assistance but real control. To stage behind-the-scenes "bilateral contacts" to sound out each force and step up its expansion, in April it other's intentions in preparation for the meeting. In a shorv of onca again sent large number of warships to the early April, the United States, which x,as said to be a Mediteranean, and the number of Soviet warships "encouraged" by its "bilateral'contacts" with the Soviet was one time boosted to nearly 60. On the revisionists, proposed that the four countries meet there at hand, has been eagerly seeking collaboration w,ithout delay. So, starting from April 3, delegates of other it irnperialism the Middle East and co- the four eountries to the United Nations met once or v,'ith U.S. in ordinating with in pressuring the Arab countries to twice a week, which served as the curtain-raiser for the it compromise and surrender. in an attempt to strangle current counter-revolutionary "fou.r-po"trer meeting." the arrned struggle of the Palestinian people. For this U.S. imperialism and Soviet revisionist social- purpose, the Soviet revisionists proposed a "five-point imperialisrn are playing the main role in this counter- plan" at the end of last year and, inside and outside revolutionary sinister meeting. Before the meeting the "four-porver meeting," are now going a step further started, U.S. Pnesident Nixon, Secretary of State Rogers in betraying the interests of the Arab people. In the and Soviet Ambassador to the United States Dobrynin past, the Soviet revisionists stiil held on-to the sign-

Moy 16, 7969 23 board of demanding Israel's withdiafal to the cease- neither big powers nor

Kremiin's New fsors

Butehers of the Peop!e's Revolution in Soustheost Asio

'pURSUING their counter-revolutionary global strai- "parliamentary road," hoping in this way to cut the -t- egy of "U.S.-Soviet joint domination of the ground from under the people's revolutionary move- world," the .new tsars in the Kremlin are making a ment. They even provide reactionary regimes with furious bid to undermine and suppress the people,s arms for butchering the people's revolutionary armed revolutionary struggles in Southeast Asia. Working hand forces '*rho are valiantly fighting their oppressors. In in glove with renegades and scabs; they plump for the a word, they have entered into counter-revolutionary

Z4 Peking Reuieu, No. 20 pacts with a handful of reactionary rulers in Southeast In the case of the Ne Win regime, a regime tr-hict Asia. mowed down more than 100 unarmed students in Ran- goon in 1962 shortly after being i,n office, and a regime The facts are cIear. Like U.S. imperialism, the which rode to po\\.er by suppressing the Bur'mese Soviet revisionist renegade clique is a pack of hang- people, the Soviet revisionist renegade clique has also men out to put down the people's revolution in South- been quite open in its eulogy and support. Even at east Asia, the srvorn enemy of the people in this a time when the Ne Win clique was ruthlessly mas- region and social-imperialists of the darkest hue. sacring the revolutionary Burmese people, the Soviet revisionist clique salv fit to glorify the Ne Win military Groorning Reoctionqries in Mony Countries regirne as having embarked on a ",non-capitalist road" and having begun the "transition to socialism" in These tsars hloscolv are strarni;:g erer.v new in Burma. effort to grcom reacticnaries of every colour in the region of Southeast Asia s-here the people's revolu- The Rahman puppet clique of "Malaysia," a stink- tionar-v struggle is surging forrrard with great vigour. ing offspring of neo-coloniaiism, is esteemed by the They hit it off rvell with these reactionaries and stop Kremlin's nerv tsars as an intimate pal. Last November, at nothing in their counter-revolutionary activities. the1, ep6r,1t backed the "Malaysian" authorities in an- nexing the North Kalimantan teritory of Sabah to This Soviet revisionist renegade clique takes as its preserve the colonial interests of the U.S.-British im- Japanese reactionaries, are intimate friends the who perialists. the chief accomplice in the futile efforts of U.S. im- perialism to suppress the national-liberation movements The fact that these new tsars are on the most inti- in Southeast Asia and prepare a large-scale war of mate terms with the reactionary regimes in Southeast aggression in Asia. Back in 1961, Khrushchov sent Asia shows that they are birds of a feather. The ex- Mikoyan to Tokyo to seek closer collaboration with posur:e of the reactionary nature of Soviet revisionist Japanese reaction. In 1964 Khrushchov fell from of- social-imperialism in this respect has educated the fice, and Brezhnev, Kosygin and their kind came to people by negative example and enabled them to see power. Inheriting I(hrushchov's mantle, they went more clearly the great truth that to fight imperialism further in ganging up with the Japanese reactionaries. it is imperative to fight revisionism as well. In 1967, Kosygin himself told Takeo Miki, then the Ja-panese ForeJgn lr'Iinister who was on a visit to the Flobnobbing With Renegcdes ond Scobs Soviet Union, that the Soviet Government would "co- operate" with the Sato government in what he called For purposes of expanding its social-imperialist "organizing counter-attacks against aggression." This influence. the Soviet revisicr,ist renegacie cliq're has couri- uras virtually an open announcement by the Soviet revi- eollected renegades and scabs in Sci.;teasi -\siaii sionist renegaCe clique to form an anti.-China military h ies to sen-e as its ager::s. Fif-i::g liie i:a:--::er ;i -go'em rni

Maa 16, 1969 25 #ere-obliged to part company with the Dange clique munists ih a blirod-bath. The IndoneSian Communists organizationally, the Soviet revisionist renegade clique wiped'off the blood, reorganized their ranks and €m- sought to btry oyer some revisionist bosses in the Indian barked on the revolutioaar5r road of armed struggle. Communist Party in on€ way or another by inviting At this tirne, the Soviet rerrisionist renegade clique car- Urem to the Soviet Union for "recuperation," "medical ried out a series of criminal activities ia an attempt to treatment" and tisits." Upon returning to India, one split the Indonesian Communist Party. It got together of them wrote to the Home Minister of the reactionary in Moscow a handful of ri:negades from the Indone- Indian Governms! openly asserting that their (the sian Communist Party and, pirating the name of the Indian revisionists) task was to "save parliarnentary Indonesian Communist Party, published there a revi- dmocracXf and that it was madness to talk about sionist political piogramme. This potitical programme, amed revolution and so on. Like the Dange cliqug which peddled the "peaceful road" and other wares these rerrisionists have also degenerated into despicable steeped in the discredited revisionist line of the 20th Iackeys of U.S. imperialism, Soviet revisronism and Congress of the C.P.S.U., was designed to nip the In- Indian reaction- donesian people's armed struggle in the bud. The So- viet revisionist renegade clique also helped a handful After India's "general elections" in 1967, they of renegades from the Indonesian Communist Party foraoed state governments in West Bengal and Kerala publish in the Soviet Union a counter-revolutionary in partnership with rnember:s of the Dange traitorous journal called Peoyfi,e's to carry out counter- dique. As a subordinate part of India's reactionar5r the Will revolutirrnary propaganda the Indonesian state machine, these state governments have frenziedly and sabotage people's revolutionary struggle. tried to suppress the revolutionary struggles of the armed workers and peasants. They called out the police to Our great leader Chairman Mao has pointed out: shoot dorvn and beat up many revolutionary peasants "The socialist system will eventually replace the eapi- in Naxalbari and other places, and threw large numbers talist system; this is an objective law independent oI of revolutionary people into prison. Working overtly man's' will. However much the reactionaries try to and c.overtly with the nerv tsars in the Kremlin. these hold back the wheel of history, sooner or Iater revolu- renqades :rr'e savage hatehetmen of the reactionary tion will take place and will inevitably triumph." ladian Government at putting dorra the people's revolution- The criminal, counter-revolutionary activities car- ried out by the Soviet revisionist renqade clique in In Japn, tbe Soviet revisiooist renqade dique league with. a handful of renegades and scabs in these has people's all along been trying to destroy the Southeast Asian cpuntries can never hold back the patoiotic movement against U.S. imperialism sup- by triumphant advance of the people's revolution. porting the so-called "parliamentary road" of the Miya-l moto revisionist clique in the Japanese Communist Rendering Seryire in Suppression of Party. When the American and Japanese reactionaries People's fumed Struggle found themselves in a tight corner in the face of the great struggle launched wave upon wave by thi J6p- The Krem-l.in's new tsars' most glanng counter- anese people against the Japan-U.S. "security treaty," revolutionary crime i:r Southest Asia is the arming the Miyamoto clique shamelessly came out for of the reactionaries in Southeast Asian countries with "winni,ng" national irdependencre through the bour- large quantities of weapons and other miUtary equip- geois parliamgnt. It prated that "if a majority is won rnent to help them rabidly quell'the revolutionary in the Diet and a democratic government charged with armd struggles of the people. the task of opposing the 'security treaty' is formed," this government could "notify" the U.S. Government So far, the Soviet revisionist renegade clique has that it has abrogated the Japan-U.S. "security treaty." provided Indonesia's reactionary troops with 1,200 mii- Ttris is a scherne to lead the Japanese people's vigorous lion U.S. dollars? worth of arms, which is much larger anti-U.S. movement into the dead end of "parliamen- than those pr.ovi.ded by U.S. imperialism. It was dis- tany road" and thus help U.S. imperialism perpetuate closed that 90 per cent of Indonesi.a's naval vessels and its occupation of Japan. T?re Soviet revisionist rene- half of its air force's aircraft are Soviet made. Most gade clique has also taken a direct part in undermining of the aircnaft and field piece-s used by tl'e Indonesian re- the Japanese people's anti-U.S. struggle. In 1966, the actionaries in their counter-revolutioaary "encirclement Soviet revisionist renegade clique collaborated with the and suppression" campaigns against the people's Miyamoto clique in pushing a counter-revolutionary armd forces in West Kalimantan a'nd other places policy of sham opposition to the United States but real came from the arsenals of the Soviet revisionists. Iu opposition to China at the 12th session of the World the latter part of 1968, the arms used in "training a Conference Against Atomie and Hydrogen Bombs. It new-type infantryn" organized by the reactionary mi.li- has thus completely trampled underfoot the Japanese tary authorities in the Indonesian provinces to suppress people's glorious anti-U.S. tradition in their movement the people's arrned forces, were provided jointly by against atomic and hydrogen bombs. U"S. imperialism and Soviet revisionism. In Indonesia, after coming to power in 1g6D the Furthermore, to ensure the effective use of Soviet- Suharto military junta drorvned the Indonesian Com- supplied weapons, the Soviet revisionist renegade clique

26 Peking Retsieu, No. ?0 sent the Indonesian reactionaries military "experts" to Last May, the Soviet revisionist renegade dique give them "technical guidance." It also trained large fiaglantly invited "Malaysian" puppet deputy prime numbers of Indonesian military cadres in the Soviet minis'ter Razak to Moscow and promised him "military Union free of charge for the Suharto fascist rnilitary aid" to suppress the revolutionary armed struggle of junta to use in suppressing the people's armed forces. the people of Malaya and North Kalimantan. It has even repeatedly sent military personnel to the Referring to the reactionaries in all countries, our frontlines in the counter-rrevolutionary "encirclement great leader Chairman Mao has taught us: the final and suppression" campaigns staged by the Indonesian "In ana,Iysis, their persecution of the revolutionary people fascist military regime against the people's armed only serves to accelerate the people's revolutions on a forces: These Soviet military personnel put their know, broader and more intense scal€." how at the disposal of the Indonesian reactionaries and tried to boost their morale. The Japanese journal In helping these reactionaries suppress the people's Research on Mili,tary AJfairs has revealed: "The anti- armed forces, the Soviet revisionist renegade clique in guerrilla units of the Suharto regime were trailed in the the end can o'nly promote the development of the peo- Soviet Union. High ranking o[ficers of the Soviet ple's armed struggle in all countries and bring on the armed forces have been sent on missions to the East reactionaries' doom sooner, Java region to give support to the punitive operations ageinqt the guerrillas.,, Sure Triumph for the People, ond Sure De*ed for Sili€r Rerbi

Ms.g tr6; 7969 n Soviet Revisionism Heoding for the Grove Along Rosd of Fescist Agg ression

Albonion poper Zen i Popullit exposes Soviet revisionist sociol-imperiol- - ism's policy of militory Gggressron

The Albanian paper Ze-ri i Popu.ll.it recently pub- and will continue to fail despicably in face of the deter- lished an editorial entitled "Military Pressures Basis mination of the peoples, in face of their resolute strug- of Dictate and Political Blackmail of the Soviet- Revi- gle to defend their supreme interests, freedom and in- sionist Leaders." dependence, and the right to be the masters of their orvn Albania given reply The editorial said: Military adventure and armed countries. has long the best to the adventurous provocative policy aggression

28 Peking Reuie-w, No. 20 !'European security," as the revisionists conceive not born, either yesterday or today, those brave men it, means ensuring the present status quo, that is, en- that can intimidate the Albanians. Albania's frontiers suring the Soviet-U.S. alliance to preserve the domi- and the Albanian territories are defended by a peoptc nating positions of the U.S. imperialists and Soviet re- and a Party who fire bullets into the mouths of all those visionists in various European countries. that would dar:e to touch them." The editorial pointed out: For a long time, the So- The Soviet revisionists and their allies are rvell viet revisionist chieftains have in an open and seandal- aware that Albania is not alone. They must have no ous \.vay been watching Rumania like r,vild beasts. illusions whatsoever especially rvith regard to the ever- Pressures are now overt. "Rumania must be cccupied lasting friendly ties and unbreakable alliance binding like Czechoslovakia" this is the aim of the Soviet the Albanian people and the Chinese people. Whoever revisionist gangsters.- However, the rrrilitarist adventu- touches Albania will be touching great People's China. rous policy of the Soviet revisionist chieftains has met Chairman Mao Tsetung has said: "If the U.S. imperial- with the resolute resistance of the Rumanian people ists, the Soviet modern revisionists and their lackeys and working class, lvho are courageously opposing the dare to touch Albania even the least little bit, nothing Soviet revisionists' attempts of intervention in their but a thorough, ignominious and irret ocable defeat country. au'aits them." In the circumstances when the Sortet revisionists The editorial rvent on: The adventures, which the have drawn their swords and are threatening armed in- revisionist clique of the Soviet Union is preparing, link tervention in those countries which do not submit to it ever more closely rvith U.S. imperialism in strengthen- their diotate, the Rumanian people have the right to ing the Soviet-U.S. alliance which has as its main objec- vigilantly defend their freedom and national independ- tive the encirclement and annihilation of China. But the ence. We are sure that they will never allow anyone big adventure against China, should they dare to under- to touch them and play with their destinies, and to deny take it, u'ould spelL doom {or imperialism and revision- and trampie upon the most sacred things freedom, ism as a whole. national independence and the victories of socialist- rev- by the olution. The Rumanian people have fulI right to arm Numerous aggressive plans are being hatched themselves and to be always prepared to cope with all Soviet rerzisionists. But their path is fuil of insurmount- from de- direct or indirect attacks by the Soviet revisionists. able obstacles which will inevitabiy lead them feat to defeat till their final destruction. The great The editorial pointed out: Now, in the revisionist Soviet people, the Russian working class and all the countries too, visible resistance in one form or another working people of the Soviet Union r.r,ho har-e great re\'- is being put up to Soviet hegemony, to the political, olutionary traditions and t,ho have in the past giren economic and rrlilitary pressures of the Soviet revi- britliant proofs of proletarian il:ern;ii,oeail.sr. n-jl sionist leadership. The Soviet revisionists are rneetiirg never allou'the homelard oi *e Oc:ob,er 331e1;;;!on- lhe with rebuffs almost everywhere. Czechoslovakia is homeland of knln. $iel:n ar:q :he Sor.let to ir turned quite a significant example. Seven months have back irrc -.he Rus*.ia of tl.e t-:ars and into a geada:'me of elapsed since the armed intervention, but the Czechoslo- s-orld react.iort- Il-e are cuatinced that the glorious vak people have not bent their knees oi'subrnjtteC ro the ideas of llarxism-kninism tvhich rernain alive in the revisionist dictate of the Soviet leaders. The complete hearts of the Sor.iet people can never be wiped out, no bo;'cott and isolation of the occupiers, the open manifes- matter horv ruthless the revisionist oppression may' be tation of hatred and the bold demonstrations against the and how diabolic the propaganda of the ruling clique in occupation have now become powerful \veapons against the Kremlin u'hich has usurped politibal power. We the inyaders of their motherland. The tanks sent by are convinced that the Soviet people will raise once again the Brezhnev-Kosygin clique cannot and will never be the banner of revolution and free themseh.'es from the able to suppress the freedom-loving spirit of the Czecho- revisionist pest that has falien on them. slovak peop).e. The longer the occupation troops of the The Soviet revi: Soviet revisionists stay on Czechoslovak territory, the The editorial said in conclusion: leadership is norv the tight grip of insuperable mole frequently they intervene in Czechoslovakia's do- sionist in in which it is mestic affairs and the more intrigues and pressures the contradictions. The difficuit situation pushes adventures and the open Soviet revisionist occupiers resort to, the stronger will finding itself it toi,ry'ards pressures. the same time, its adven- be the unity of the Czechoslovak people and the greater use of rnilitary At arouses everywhere a determined resistance and will be their determination not to submit or retreat be- turism part peopies; this makes the situa- fore the pressures, intimidations and blackmail of their struggle on the of the And this cannot be enslavers. The demonstrations sweeping the whole of tion even more difficult for it. The peoples not be intimidated by the Czechoslovakia recently against the occupation by the otherwise. will the revisionist leadership and Soviet revisionists constitute further proof of this. military threat of Soviet will not retreat before pressures. They are vigilantly The editorial stressed: Socialist Albania and the on their guard and are ready to fight to the end in de- Albanian people led by their Party of Labour are invio- fence of their freedom and independence and to deal lable and they will annihilate anyone who dares to attack fatal blorvs to any aggression, big or small, with or with- them. Comrade Enver Hoxha has said: "There were out modern weapons.

May 16, 1969 29 Soviet Reyisionists' Armed Proyocotions Agoinst Chino Denounced

Letter From C.C. of Cornmunist has su,ept away the residue of the defeatecl exploiting classes and their agents rn'ho have infiltrated into the Porty of Brozil government .and the Party. China is the strong im- pregnable bulwark on which triumphantly flies the red THE Csrtral Committee of the Communist Party of banner of Mao Tsetung Thought, Marxisrr-Leninism of r Bradl \ac rsgsnfly written a letter to oul great our era, and it is the powerful revolutionary base on leader Chairman Mao and the Central Committee of which all the oppressed peoples fighting for their na- the Chinese Communist Far.ty, expressing unreserved tional and social liberation ean depend. support for the Chinese people's struggle in resolutel5 repulsing the Soviet revisionists' armed provocations Thus, the armed attack of the Soviet revisionists on Chenpao Island punishment by and in defendlng the sacred temitory and sovereignty of has received condign people. their country. The letter reads: the Chinese Millions upon millions of Chinese workers, peasants and soldiers have risen in anger and, With immense indignation the proletarian revolu- together with the revolutionary forces and the oppressed tionaries and progressive forces of Brazil learnt of the masses all over the world, have condemned the aggres- attacks launched by the Soviet revisionist troops on the sors, warned ttrem and ealled upon the Soviet people territory, soldiers and people of China in the border and the Bolsheviks faithful to the teachings of Lenin area on the Wusuli River. and Stalin to stop the crimes of the Brezhnev-Kosygin clique. The Chinese people have demonstrated that Ia fae sf these armed provocations, the Central they fear neither the revisionists nor the U.S. imperial- Cornmittee of the Communist Party of Brazil, in the ists and other reactionaries. No matter how they nrrne of aU t5€ Communist-s, express€s its strong con- brandish their atomic bombs and ballistic rockets and emnatio and at ttre sar:oe tioe conveys, tlrough 1'ou" resorl to threat,s. the Chinese people armed with to the great Chinese people its uareserved sa.rpport for Mao Tsetuqg Ihought q.ill snrash all the provocations their fight in defeae of li€ t€rriHal iutqrity ad earried otrt agains* their territory and p-ill in the end sovereignty of their sunky. cnrnpletely and ttmror.g'hly defeat all their enemies.

The current aggressive actons taken by the revi- You may rest assured, dear comrades, that the Bra- sionists in Moscow against People's China are not ae- zilian people, who are fighting under the lerrible con- cidental. They are the result of the Soviet revisionist ditions of a military dictatorship to liberate themselves Ieading clique's betrayal oI socialism and proletarian from the yoke of U.S. imperialism and its props at internationalism. They arise from the conversion of the home, sympathize u,ith your cause and that the Brazi- Soviet Union from a sociaUst country to an aggressive, Iian Communists will do everything to enlighten the fascist imperialist country. They are the continuation people and arouse them to action for an indispensable of the Soviet revisionists' anti-communist, anti-China world united front of the peopl.es against the U.S. im- counter-revolutionary policy which, in collusion with perialists and their allies, the Soviet revisionist ren+- the U.S. i:nperialists, aims at encircling and attacking gades, the common enernies of democracy, national in- People's China and redividi&S Ure world into spheres dependence, socialisrn and peace. of influence. In shcrt, they reflect.the profound inter- nal and external contradictions which disintegrate Soviet revisionism ar*d land it in a desperate situation. Docurnent of C.C" of Ccmnrunist Imbued with biggower ctrauvi.nism and filled with Purty of Polsnd hatxed for New China, the Soviet revisiorrist renegades recent doeument, the Central Committee the arrogantly slight the Chinese lreople, underestimate T N a of I condemned tlreir strength, and think that they can rettrrn to op- Co**,r.rist Partv of Foland the Soviet revisionist renegade clique for arrnecl intrucions into pres, divide atd eslave China as former tsarist Russia its China's territory Cheapao Island and expressed full sup- and other imlrerialist powers did. But Chiaa today is port heroic stand Chinese people. EntiUed no lortger the same nation of the past which was rveak for the of the Adventure Against the Chinese Border by the and dismembered- China today is a socia-List country "Armed Renegades the docu- whose 700 millisa mns and daughters are firrnly united Soviet Cliqtre of to Communism,'" under tl*e leadership of the glorious Cornrnunist Party ment reads in full as follows: of China and its wise and stanrnch hel,msman Comrade Gnly six montls after the invasion of Czechoslo- Mao Tsetur:g, It is a big country of the victorious Great vakia, there rpere nel armed provocations against the Proletarian Cultural Revolution whicl:, like a hurricang border cf the People's Republic of China. On March 2,

30 Peking Rexieu, l1io. 20 Soviet,arnred troops, under the. instruetisos of Bpeehnev of the People's Republic of ehlna put forth proposals and Kosygin, intruded into China's territory Chenpao on setiling boundary questions to all her neighbouring Island on the Wusuli River. The Chenpao Island area countries. and has since signed treaties with Afghanis- is Chinese territory both historically and legally. There- tan- Burma. Mongol.i.a and Pakistan on terms favourable fore, in ttre face of the Soviet imper.ialists' agg'ression, to these cruntries. It was only India under the rule the People's Republic of China has the fundamental of Nehru and the Soviet Union under the Khrushchov- duty to defend this area. Brezhnev rule *'hich opposed the stand of the Govern- ment of the Feople's Republic of China for defining great, people fought for their The heroie Chinese the boundary lines through bilateral talks on the prin- sovereignty their state and national independence and ciple of equalitSr. The reactionary governments of in a protracted and bloody rvar of national liberation. India and the Soviet Union rejected the correct pro- people N{arxist-Leninist Today, the Chinese armed with posals of the Government of the People's Republic of Mao Tsetung Thought never allow theory and will China and, at the expense of the interests of their orvn and go anyone to eneroach on their sacred territory nations, embarked on the road of economic, political ui-rpunished. The era of the Opium War, oi imperialist and. military collaboration directed againsi China. "punitive expeditions" and plundering of territory - The border provocatioas organized by the Nehru which lvere invited by China's r*.eakness - has gone for ever and wiII never return. Treaiies to earve up gover.nment roet with a fatal counter-attsck from the China, like those carving up Poland, were then put Chinese Liberation Army and ended in a shameful defeat into effect by the imperialist eountries through arm,ed befitting an imperiaiist aggressor. The sarne fate is store force. The first country of the dictatorship of the in for the Brezhnev-Kosygin cli.que, the organizer of the provocative armed intrusions into the proletariat, Ied by Lenin, considered these treaties nuLl area of Chenpao Island. The territory belonging to and void and denounced anr-l abrogated them. Hou'ever, the Chir-rese people is sacred and inviolable. The Ccr:'i- the renegades to cornrnunisrrr in the KremEn have munist Party of Poland, the n,orking class and all otl"rer opposed T.enin both in theory and in practice. The new u'olking people of Poland denottnce the policies of rvar tsars in the Kremlin have departed fi-,:nr the path of adventure and imperialist plunder pursned by the So- revolution, betrayed lt{arxism-Leninism and the dic- viet renega-de clique the renegacles to the dietator- the proletariat in the Scviet Union, dis- - tatorship of slrip of the proleliriat of the Soviet Union and to the remains, disearded Lenrn's behest and figured Stalin's revoit-ttion and the cause of scclalisrn in the *.'orLd old-time tsarist impel'ia1ism. - embarked on the road of ancl lnllv sr-rppolt the heroic siai:l c,i :he Ch:nese peopi:. The invasion of Czechoslovaki.a, the agglcssion T::s iascls: i::.,-a-=::n ci Czqieslci;k;a ar

ilIay 16, 1969 3T I

the interests of the forees of world revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat, of revolution and socialism. The policies of the Khrushchov-Brezhnev of socialism! clique are a continuation of those of the tsars. The Long live the great Chinese people and the Chinese secrret diplomacy and behind-the-scenes deals and in- Communist Party headed by Chairman i\{ao Tsetring! trigues conducted between the Soviet renegade clique and U.S. imperialism for world domination have been Shame on the renegades who have betral-ecl eom- fully exposed today, and are to a great extent seen munism and the cause of the proletariat! through by the labouring people not by the Soviet - The Central Committee of the invasion of Czechoslovakia, labouring people alone. The Communist Party of Poland the armed provocations on the Wusuli Rit er, the atomic blackmail against the neighbouring countries and ser- March 15, 1969, \\iarsarv vili.ty to U.S. imperialism have enabied ail the Soviet people to see clearly the Soviet revisionists' betrayal of the revolution and socialism in their ourn country. Article by French Pcper The Soviet renegade clique's current policy is the policy l'Humsnife Rouge of great-nation chauvinism of old Russia, the imperialist policy of Peter the Great, Ivan the Terrible and Yeka- rf\HE French paper l'Humanite Rouge, in an article, I condemned revisionist renegade cliqlle terina the Second. It is based on military strength, the Soviet armed provocations against China. survives in war and perishes in war. Under the leader- for its ship of Lenin and Stalin. the Great October Socialist "The social-imperiaiist clique which has usurped Revolution overthrew the bloody reactionary rule of power in the Soviet tlnion," the article said, "is esca- tsarism. Todal'. these rveeds of renegades to commu- lating the provocations against People's China. nism gro*-ing on the grar-e of the t-qarist s5-stem rvill Brezhnev and Kosl-gin hate taken over the policy of first of all be uprooted by the heroic Soriet proletariat cplonial expansion of the tsars. These new tsars, through revolutionary struggle- lte soldiers and heroic Brezhnev and Kosygin, have a stonger appetite than working people of the Soviet Union s'ill on no account the old ones." shed their blood for the interests of counter-revolution. Exposing the criminal aims of the Soviet revisionist Ttre Soviet clique of renegades to communism has ,,, renegade clique's armed provocations against China, the openly and shamelessly embarked on the road of wag article pointed out that they stemmed from the diplo- and armed provocation and the load of Napoleonism matic need of the Soviet revisionists to cover up their' w-hich will only lead the war criminals to their final subservience to Wcst German militarism on the West and ignominious defeat and to their deserved doom. Ber'lin question and to further curry favour with U.S. In the name of the Party, the working class and imperialisrn, collaborating with it against China. all the heroic working people of Poland, the Central The article said: "Since the Soviet renegades have Committee of the Communist Party of Poland appeals chosen the road of betrayal, People's China has re- to the heroic Soviet working people and all the Bolshe- mained loyal to the principles of Marxism-Leninism, viks suecessors to the behests of Lenin and Sta1in: - and, under the leadership of Mao Tsetung, has creatively Step up the common revolutionary struggie against the developed these principles and achieved repeated renegades s,ho have betrayed communism and the dic- successes socialist construction, particularly since tatorship of the proletariat in Poland and in the Soviet in revolution, thus becoming their sworn Union. the cultural enemy." The Central Committee of the Communist Party The article pointed out that another aim of the of Poland salutes the heroie Chi.nese people u,ho, under clique's arrned piovocations against China is to fan up the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. u,hieh anti-China sentiment among the Soviet people. is crowned with glory in revolutionary struggles, and its Chairman Comrade Mao Tsetung, the great l{arxist- "But." it said, "the Soviet masses' affection for Leninist of our era, are waging a just struggle to stpe socialism and their friendship for the Chinese people or-rt the revisionist remnants and consolidate the dic- will make Kosygin and Brezhnev \,\'ho made such a tatorship of the proletariat. calculation lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet." Long live the fraternal and revolutionary friend- ship between the peoples of Poland and China in their The Soviet revisionist renegade elique's armed stluggle against the enemies of Marxism-Leninism, of provocations against China have proved that this

3Z Pekirw Reuiew, No. 20 revisionist clique has degenerated into a gang of reactionary violence the glorious China of Mao Tsetung. social-imperialists, it said. which has been further strengthened by its Gleat Ttre Soviet revisionist renegade clique, it noted, Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Both the U.S. im- "keeps a firm hold over its so-called allies by a sort perialists and the Soviet revisionists have seen the of colonial pact which enables it to sell its products to frustration of their hope of capitaiist restoration in peo- them at much higher than world market prices and ple's China u,here their agents and henchmen Liu buy from them at very low prices. It maintains its Shao-chi and his i1k have been totaily and definitely privileges by arm,ed aggression, if necersa4v, as it did in defeated. This has brought great disappointment to the Czechoslovakia." This clique is also infiltrating into U.S. imperialists and the Soviet revisionists w.ho are in Asian and African countries, vigorously pushing neo- collusion." colonialism which is exactly the same as that of the Condemning the Soviet revisionist clique for its United States. savage miiitary occupation of Czechoslovakia, the The revolutionaries the world over express support statement points out that this revisionist clique "has for China and strongly condemn and oppose the Soviet usurped state power in the Soviet Union, liquidated the revisionist renegade clique, it declareC dictatorship of the proietariat, established its own bour- geois dictatorship and embarked on the road of colonial In conclusion, the artide said: 'alundreds of millions rule over the East European peoples rvhom it enslaves." of the Chinese people have riseu to express their in- The statement sa5-s that the Soviet revisionists have dignation and to affirm their determination to defend vainly attempted to stamp out the flames of rvorld the territory of their countrJ,'- Ibe Russian social- rerolution- They are co-opera'ing qith U.S. imperia!- imperialists have becoms ss insane as to send their ism iD the suppression of the national-liberation strug- troops to attack Peoptre's China, It€y witr be taught gles and colluding with their U.S. irnperialist masters the lesson that a peorple waging a peoplds war and more and more closely. TI.ey can deceive nobody by armed with Mao Tsetung Thought is invincible, and fabricating the story that they were attacked by China. that they will certainly be annihilated." The statement says: o'The counter-revolutionary Stotement by C.C. of Peruvion natwe of revisionist social-imperialism will drive it to commit still bigger follies and provocations, which Communist Porty rvill only reveal to the people of the worid its true re- THE Politicat Bureau of the Central Committee of the aetionary features and fan up still more fiercely the r Peruvian Communist Party has in a recent state- revolutionary flames throughout the world, including ment condemned the Soviet revisionist renegade clique the countries enslaved by it as rvell as its own country." for its armed provocations against China. "T'he Soviet revisionists will be buried by the very Tkre statement says: "The savage provocation peoples they enslave and will share the fate of the U.S. committed by Soviet revisionism against the fraternal imperialists and their lackeys," it adds. Chinese people is merely a self-exposure as s-ell as a The statement declares: "The Peruvian Communist sign of its apparent strength and actual weakness a:rd Party, while denouncing the Soviet revisionists' social- agony." imperialist aggression, supports the glorious People's Re- It points out: The Soviet revisionists' encroach- public of China which, under the leadership of its ment on Chinese temitory Chenpao Island "is but an- heroic working class, the Communist Party of China and ottrer manifestation of revisionist social-imperialism Comrade Mao Tsetung, has fittingly repelled the above- which has restored capitalism in the Soviet Union and mentioned sanguinary aggression. It is firmly convinced resorted to the methods of exploitation and domination that, if Soviet revisionism persists in its desperate policy draracteristic of the capitalist system. This aggr.ession of attacking China, it will be irreparably destroye.d by is nothing but part of the futile attempt of U.S. imperial- the People's Liberation Army and the millions upon ism and Soviet revisionism to dominate the world and millions of the revolutionary Chinese people. Soviet redivide spheres of influence." revisionism is doomed to failure in its vain attempt to lhe statement says: "The fact that the peo- oppose 1\llao Tsetung Thought and world revolution. The ple's Republic of China has been converted into a revolutionary Chinese people and the revolutionary peo- gigantic base of support for the world revolution consti- ples of the world will win. Instead of helping them, all tutes the biggest obstacle to the imperialists and social- the desperate acts of the imperialists, the Soviet revi- imperialists in carrying out their policy of world domi- sionists and their lackeys wilI only make the flames of nation. Therefore, they dream of destroying through the wor1d. revolution rage still more fiercely."

Mag 16, 7969 33 Fighters firmed Uith tlao Tsetung Thought fire lnvincible

[] IRMLY carrying out Chairman Mao's great policies floes moved downstream, the lower reaches were still -!- of "grasping revolution and promodng pro- ice-bound. This made the floes jam and an immense duction and other work and preparedness against flood overflowed the flood detention area of _Pingyin war" and "be prepared against war, be prepared Cotinty. Led by deputy company commander Chang against natural disasters, and do everything for the pe+. Hsiu-ting, a detachment carrying flood-prevention ple," an independent battalion of the engineering corps equipment dashed to the vicinity of Liukuanchuang under the Tsinan Command of the People's Liberation Village. The village is in a low-lying area close to the Arrny overcame an extraordinarily big flood car_rrdng Yellow River and three torrents converged near it. a mass of ice floes, the biggest on the Yellow River in The situation was critical and not a second was to be a century. It did so by displaying the PJ^A's fearless lost. proletarian spirit of waging arduous and valiant strug- Chang Hsiu-ting immediately made the decision gles and not fearing sacrifice. Its cumn:anders and to organize a shock brigade. He led its 11 other mem- fighters protected the people's lives and property, the bers to jump into the icy rvater and foreed their way victorious fruits of the Great Proleta;:iar C-i-:'.rral to Liukuanchuang against the rushing torrent. When Rer.'olution and Chairrnan I\Iao's proleiaria:r :erol.u- thel- reached a lorv piace, the flood rvaters rose quick- ticnary line at the cost of their oir-n blooC ar:C l!.res. ly to :heir sr-aists and then up to their chests. Undaunted, An urgent telephone eail, from the Pingin Counqr the crcmrades locked their arrns tightl5' and shouted in Revolutioaary Commirtee in Shantung kovince was unison: '1fhis army has aa indomitable spirit and is received by the comrade on dut5r in the battalion late determined to vanquish all ene*ies and never to yield," I on the night of Febmary 10, 1969: A torrent of ice flogs Despite all the difficulties, they pressed on. When an t I on the Yellow River was rushing down to the Cheng- ice floe the size of a room suddenly swept down, platoon I kuan and Luanwan Communes at three to four metres leader Wu An-yu stepped forward and pushed it aside per second. The people's lives and property were with his shoulder. By this time some members of the seriously threatened. The People's Liberation Army shock brigade had been cut off from the others. Sud- was requested for immediate help. ,front I denly, the wind carried to the comrades in the As soon as he put down the phone, deputy faint shouting of "Long live Chairman Mao!" They I bat- I i talion commander Kao Feng-shun notified members immediately realized that the comrades in the rear of the battalion Party coiamittee to come to an emer- were in danger, I gency meeting. Ttie flood was their order. The P.L.A. Corrrmunist Party member Chang Hsiu-ting said in cornmanders and fighters quickly assembled in front a determined voice: "The flood is our enemy! Com- of a portrait of Chairman Mao and recited aloud munists must lead in the chargel" He turned back to Chairman Mao's teaching: "Our Communist Party lead the comrades to help their comrades-in-arms be- and the Eighth Route and New Fourth Armies led by hind. Platoon leader Wu An-yu, ancther Communist, our Party are battalions of the revolution. These realized that staying one minute longer in the flood battalions of ours are wholly dedicated to the libera- meant added danger to the lives of the comrades and tion of the people and work entirely in the people's that it rvould be still more dangerous to go back and interests." Holding high their red-covered euotaticns help their comrades-in-arms behind. At this critical Fron, Chairntan Mao Tselntng, they made a soiemn point, he stepped for.u'"'ard and said: "Deputy company piedge to "be loyai to Chairman 1\Iao, never changing our commander, you are the comrirander. You can't go back. minds; closely folio-w Chairman Mao, never turning Give me this task." He then led several comrades to back; defend Chairman Mao, never fealing death.', valiantiy make their rva-v* back to help their comrades- Fuil of spirii, they braved a bitter 7 force ri.inC to in-arms behind. They fought heroicaliy against the cold rush to the marooned viliages in pitch derk. tvinC and ice floes. Suddenly, big waves carrying huge ice floes pressed dor.vn upon them. The shouting of Vonquishing All Enenries cnd A.clvas.rcing Wove "Long live Chairman Mao ! A iong, long life to Chair- Upon tVcve man i\'Iao!" was heard. Wu An-yu, a gocd fighter bound- Pingyin County lies on the lower reaches of the lessly loyal to Chairrnan lVlao, had heroically given up Yeilow' River. The weather this spring was en'atic. his magnificent youth to save the lives and prcperiy of li/hen the ice thar,ved on the upper reaches and the the poor and lorver-middle peasants.

.J+ Pek.ing Relieu, No, 20 "Io die for the people is weightier than Mount the revolutionary fighter's boundless loyalty to iai.' This shock brigade led. by Chang Hsiu-ting bat- Chairman Mao and a manifestation of his deepest feel- tled fiercely for more than two hours in the icy wavqs. ings lor the poor and lower-middle. peasants. After They were cut and bruised by the ice floes and their half an houi's hard struggle, he suceeeded in entering wounds bled and their legs became numb. They had to Liukuanchuang. make extra efforts even to go one step forward.. But the revolutionary fighters armed with Mao Tsetung Greatly moved, the poor and lower-middle peas- Thought defied death for the sake of the people. They ants in Liukuanchuang told one another, "The beloved said: "As long as our hearts beat; we will go forward!" ones sent by Chairman Mao have.come! We are saved!" As they got nearer and nearer to the village and vic- Heroic tory rvas imminerit, bugler Chou Teng-lien recited Bottle' fsr Victory, Wtroliy ond Entirely loudly: "Give full play to our style of fighting- For the People courage in battle, no fear of sacrifice, no fear of fatigue, Overcoming many obstacles and breaking through and continuous fighting successive (that is, fighting countless barriers fraught with danger, the com- battles in a short time without fighters rest)." The manders and fighters of this battalion finally rushed were immediately inexhaustible strength. filled with into all the villages besie.ged by the flood. Full of spirit, Chou Teng-lien rushed forr*'ard to battle the waves up front. A big ice floe suddeniy bore dorvn Together with the production brigade cadres the upon him. Twice the comrades tried to save him but PIA- men rescued three to four hundled of the old failed to reach him. By his heroic action, Communist and rx'eak and *'omen and children in the badly hit Youth League member Chou Teng-lien fulfiiled his villages Liukuanchuang and Shihchuang taking heroic pledge that he had written down before his death them to- safety by boat. - in an unfinished application for Communist Party mem- bership: 'oWhen mankind is liberated I will be liber- When the fighters reached Tungchangying, the ated; I dedicate my -life to the people." waters had already rolled into the village. Seizing every minute, they saved the poor and lower'-middle peas- Communist Chang Hsiu-ting led his shock brigade ants and the brigade's grain, draught animals and in a courageous advance. Confronted by the flood other things. w'aters which had engulfed his comrades-in-arms and looking at the iights ahead that had been lit by the Keeping in mind Chairman Mao's teaching, "These poor and lower-middle peasants as a signal for help, battalions of ours are wholly dedicated to the libera- Chang withstood the great pain caused by his arthritis tion of the people and lvork entirely in the people's and continued forrvard against the raging curlent. He interests," the commanders and fighters, in this battle had great difficulty going ahead but when his comrades against flood, regalded sen'ing the people "sholly" tried to help him, he declared firmly: "To safeguard and "entirely" as their h-ighest criterion in the tiefence Chairman Mao's revolutionary line and to save the lives of the people's lives and propert), as actual d.eeds ln of the poor and lorver-midcile pea*sants. rve n-ouiri l'ather d.efence of the Great Proieiari*n Cu]tura1 Revolution die in taking a step forward then ]i1;g by retreaung and as a cpncrete expression of their determination to ihis an inch!" d[ point, a whirlpool descended u1rcn safeguard Chairman Mao's revolutionary line. Ttrey hirn him and 5snt, reefing. Seeing this, fighter Tung had truly turned Mao Tsetung Thought into living Hsiu-ching immediately his the went to aid, but latter reality and served the people wholly and entirely. shouted, "Never mind me! Hurry and save the poor and lower-middle peasants!" He had hardly said this Deputy political instructor Yang Chia-feng, an ac- before he was sucked into the rampaging flood waters tivist in the living study and application of Mao Tsetung and carried away. Thought in a P.L.A. unit under the Tsinan Command who had had the joy of meeting our great leader The revolutionary fighters armed with Mao Tsetung Chairman Mao, always fought in the van against the Thought are invincible. To save the poor and lower- When he and the fighters he led had finished middle peasants, some of them had heroically laid dorvn fiood. brigade, made their lives, others had been swept away by the flood the rescue work at the Hsinchuang he missing, waters. OnIy Tung Hsiu-ching remained, but he con- further inquiries rvhether anyone was tinued to fight tenaciously against the flood. His lower to make sure he had done his tt,ork thoroughly, limbs were numb from the icy water and his stomaeh When the brigade cadres told him of their uncertainty ached as iJ it were pierced by needles. But as he recalled about the situation at a pumping station of the Wang- Chairman Mao's teaching, "No matter what the diffi- ying brigade in lor,v-lying land three li arvay, Yang culties and hardships, so long as a single man remains, Chia-feng and his fighters, following Chairman Mao's he will fight on," his daring increased and this built instruction of "wholly" and "entirely" serving the peo- roek firm confidence in him: "As long as I'm alive, ple, unhesitatingiy hastened to rorv there. As tire boat Ijukuanchuang wilJ. be saved! I must go forward!" forced its way through the slvift current, the jutting By now, the village'"r'as only thirty metres away, but edge of an ice floe cut a hole in it and the situation covering even this distance meant great difficulty and became cr'itical. The fighters had only one eonviction hardship. Every step forward was an expression of Mao Tsetung Thought to direct their battle'

NIay 16,7969 35 Calm and courageous, they quickly plugged up the hole Village. When they were carried up the hill by their and went ahead. When they arr-ived at their destina- comrades to a small hut, Hsu had already fainted from tion, they saw that the building had already collapsed the cold and Sung was numb all over anri unable to in the flood, and two commune members tending the speak. Comrades collected rvood and built a fire. By pump were hemmed in by water. Seeing the fighters the light of the fire, they saw on the front wall a u'ho had come to their rescue, both said with emotion: portrait of our great leader Chairman Mao, who was "Caught here, we never expected that -vou'd find us. smiling kindly, as though he were affectionately waving You are rea1ly serving the people heart and soul!'' to the fighters. The thought then raced through their Wiihout delay, deputy political instructor Yang heipe3 minds that Chairmi.n Mao was by their side, directing them into the boat and took them back to the \Yangling them in the battle. The comrades hurried to cover.the brigade. Seeing that their class brothers had been trvo fighters with their cotton-padded jackets. Un- saved, the brigade's poor and lo*'er-middle pea-.ants buttoning his coat, fighter Chou Eeng-min held one of cheered elatedly: "Long live the Chinese People's the stricken P.L.A. men against his chest to give him Liberation Army!" "Long live Chairman Mao! A long, s-armth. Fighters Chi Tung-hua, Hao Yi-yuan and long life to him!" others put their own chests to Hsu's two stiff legs. When their chests got cold, they warmed them by the lf the Army ond the People Are United os One, heat of the fire and again transferred the warmth to Who in the World Con Motch Them? Hsu's legs. It tr-as at this tirne that the poor and lower- The invincible porver of the revolutionary masses middle peasants rr-ho had been rescued learnt that two and revolutionary fighters armed with Mao Tsetung P.L.A. fighters had been in great peril. They immediatell, Thought and temtriered in the Great Proletarian Cultural sent representatives to Hsiaomashan with cotton- Revolution and the tremendous power of the unity padded jackets and shoes, hot potatoes and spirits. The between the armymen and civilians rn,ere fully demon- armymen and the people co-ordinated their efforts tcr strated in this battle against the flood and in the rescue save the two men. The brilliant sunshine of IIao Tsetung work. As our great leader Chairman Mao teaches, so Thought and the profound proletarian feelings of long as the army and the people are united as one, "we the poor and lolver-middle peasants and their leliorv c:rn surnx)unt any difficuh;*, and no enemy can crush fighters warmed the two fighters. When they came to. us rhile se can cnrsh any enemy." u,hat they saw at first glance \ /as the portrait of our great leader Chairman Mao, and the first words At the Tungchangying brigade, beam tvas srvept a they uttered were: "Long live Chairman Mao! A long. as-ay b;- the flood. Storehouse keeper Liu Wan-lun long life to him!" and two other commune members immediately rolved out to salvage it. When their boat had raced more thafl If the army and the people are united as one, who 300 metres and had just reaehed the beam, the savage in the world ean match them? flood waters rose and the boat was unable to move because it was jammed between ice floes. Two other Commanded by Mao Tsetung Thought and display- commune members went to the rescue in another boat, ing a heroic spirit, the commanders and fighters of the but ice floes rolied in and stopped it. battalion, together with the broad rnasses in the area along the Yellor,v River in Pingyin County, conquered The vioient wind whipped up tremendous waves this unusually heavy torrent after lour clays and nights and ice floes that were bigger than the boats rushed of hard battle. As a result, not one of the more than past, hitting against each other. The t.wo boats rvere 20,000 people in this area died or was hurt. in peril of being crushed at any moment. Nine heroic P.L.A. fighLers gloliously laicl down Everybodv was anxious about the five class bro- their young lives iit this battie in defence of the lives thers as P.L.A. commanders and fighters, on hearing and property of the people and the rich fruits of the this, hurried to their rescue bringing several boats with Great Proletarian Cultural Revoluticn, and in safe- them. Risking their lives, the fighters secured the guarding Chairrnan Mao's proi.etarian revolutionary stranded boats with ropes. Through the concerted ef- line. forts of the armymen and the civilians, the five com- mune members and two boats were removed from "Thousands upon thousands of martyrs have danger. Praising them, the masses said: ,,With the heroically laid down their lives for the people; Iet us great strength in the unity between the army and the hold their banner high and march ahead along the people, there is no difficuity to fear." path crimson with their blood!"

The arm;r cherishes the people and the people An-v difficulty, however big, can be overcome with support the army, and class feelings are deeper than such a heroic army and such a heroic people, Armed the ocean. Fighters Sung Meng-chu and Hsu Shang- with Mao Tsetung Thought, the Chinese people are in- yung, who had joined the shock brigade to rescue the vincibie! Whoever dares to invade our great socialist poor and lower-middle peasants in Liukuanchuang Vil- motherland, no matter in what strength and with whom lage, were swept by the torrent to the foot of Hsiao- he comes, will surely be wiped out resolutelR mashan, a hill some 600 metres from Liukuanchuang thoroughly, wholly and completely!

36 Peking Reoiew, No, 20 a clique which tails closely after the ROUND THE WORLD Soviet revisionist renegade clique. An ever increasing number of Greek working people is rallying around the genuine Greek Marxist-Leninists. DICTATORIAL JUNTA OPPOSED a signal of the people getting their holding aloft the banner of revolu- revenge. Leaflets calling on the peo- tion and fighting to overthrow the Greek People Keep Up .!ust ple to rise in struggie to overthrow country's traitorous dictatorial re- the regime were distributed through- gime. Struggle out Athens. More than 2,000 political prisoners went on a hunger strike in Backed by the U.S. Central In- the concentration camps to demon- FRENCH "REFERENDUM" telligence Agency and by American strate their firm resistance to fascist bayonets, the Greek dictatorial mili- t-vrann_v. tary regime came to po\rer b1- a mili- De Goulle Reluctontly tary coup d'etat in April 1967. It has Thousands of patriots in prisons since disbanded all political parties and concentration camps have shorvn Steps Down and hundreds of mass organizations, dauntless heroism by firmly re- "General elections" and "referen- set up military tribunals and concen- fusing to sign surrender papers which dums" are pure political humbug tration camps and made mass arrests require them to pledge loyalty to the used. by the bourgeoisie to keep it- throughout the country. Thousands "government" and "take no part in self in power in the capitalist coun- of patriots, savagely tortured in pri- political activities again." tries. Faced with a deteriorating po- sons and concentration camps, are The just struggle of the Greek peo- litical-economic crisis an unstable under brutal persecution. It is hell ple has the widespread support of the political situatir.r,n and- sharpening for the Greek people. revolutionary peoples of the world. internal class contradictions- de However, as our great teacher In the past two years, the people of Gaulle called a ''rcferendum" on Chairman Mao has pointed out when many countries in Western Europe, April 27 to curtail the senate's power referring to the reactionaries, "In the North America and Oceania have and strengthen the president's hand. final analysis, their persecution of staged many impressive demonstra- However, he was defeated by a the revolutionary people only serves tions against the Greek dictatorial majority vote and had to issue a to accelerate the people's revolutions military regime and in support of statement in which he declared that on a broader and more intense scale." the Greek people's anti-fascist just he "ceased to exercise the functions struggle. Resolute support has also as president of the republic'' as of Though conditions are extremely come from the revolutionarl- peoples mid-day April 28. Alain Pober. difficult, the Greek people have set America. in Asia, Africa and Latin Senate PresiCeat- rrho took over as up many militant organizations over France- would last trvo Thel- courageousLy Ii is rr-orttr noting that the Soriet intsin hesident of the ;r-ears. presiden"-I paint numerous slogans against U.S- revisionist renegade dique, the No. call a new "election'' imperialism and fascist rule on the 1 accomplice of U-S. irnperialism, to be held within 35 days. has not only directed the Greek re- r,valls of university and government De Gaulle's resignation is the re- visionists to undermine the Greek buildings, and in streets and alleys as sult of France's rapidly worsening revolution from behind the scenes. In well. They also publish newspapers political-economic crisis, which in April 1968, when a demonstration and leaflets which expose the reac- ever-deepeiring was held in Moscow by students from turn reflects the tionary policies of the dictatorial re- political-economic crisis in the capi- gime people unite Greece and other countries, it called and call on the to talist countries of the West. and struggle. out large numbers of troops and poiice to blockade the streets and for- The French financial and economic Tens thousands of people held a the students to get near the Greek of bid situation has gone from bad to powerful demonstration in the Greek embassy, and instructed Greek revi- worse in recent years while the class capital against the dictatorial mili- sionists to tear up the demonstrators' contradictions between the monopoly tary regime last November. This placards containing slogans against capitalist class and the broad masses April, large numbers of peasants in U.S. imperialism and fascism. This the French people have grown central Creece rose to fight land con- despicable act of the Soviet revi- of sharper and sharper. Industrial pro- fiscation by the dictatorial govern- sionists was angrily condemned by growth has slowed down ment. the Greek people. duction markedly, inflation is becoming When the Greek fascist regime re- More and more Greek people have harsher, commodity prices are. soar- cently "celebrated" the second anni- gradually come io realize the grave ing and the financial-monetary crisis versary of the coup d'etat, a bomb consequences of the revisionist line is heightening. The country's ruling exploded in Athens near the rostrum of "peaceful transition" and "par- circles try to get out of the crisis by from which Papadopoulos, the fascist Iiamentary road" advocated by the stepping up their ruthless oppression chief, was delivering a speech. It was Greek revisionist leading clique, and exploitation of the working o, May 76, 1969 class and other seetions of the peo,. another viotreqt shock beeauqe gf visionist renegade clfque has sent its ple, but this has put the rnasses to heavy selling; and. the crisis-ridden Defence Minister Grechko and Min- strong reS{stance, as shown in the vio- British pourfl and U.S. dollar are also ister of Culture Furtseva to India lent outburst of the lVlayJune stormy under heavy pressure. Thus, finan- in that order,to intensify collusion To nationwide struggle by the French cial'circles in the West have been with the Indian reactionaries. deceive people, they workers and students last year. This struck by the common fear that, once the Indian spread a welter futile anti-China revolutionary mass movement which the franc is devalued, a chain reaction of And, the occasion of the shook the capitalist world dealt the rvill set in for the British pound, the lies. using funera1 service for Indian President Freneh ruling circles another political U.S- dollar and certain other Western Hussain, now and economic body blow. currencies. This will hasten the co1- Zakir Kosygin has contriving lapse of the already tottering over; taken the field himself in The struggle of the French masses all monetary-financial system in the fresh counter-revolutionary schemes capitalist class against monopoly capitalist world. against China with the fndian reac- reactionary rule has continued to tionaries. develop in depth this Year. To Pro- The last few daYs have rvitnessed test against ruthless exploitation by French ruling circles doing every- Kosygin held lengthy, behind- monopoly capital and against the thing they can to prevent the French closed-door talks with Indian Prime decadent bourgeois educational sys- people from launching still another Minister Indira Gandhi on May 6 and tem and persecution by the ruling wave of struggle against monoPolY 7. According to Indian papers and clique, workers in aXl trades and capital ru1e. ,{t the sarne time, they Western news agencies, their discus- students in different parts of the are locked in a bitter dog-fight sions centred round the "two coun- country held strike after strike and among themselves over the office tries' mutual border problems with demonstrated in the streets. Even of the president. But no matter China." In these talks, I(osygin sma11 tradesmen and handicraftsmen whom the French monoPolY caPital- strained'every effort to spell out the closed their shops time and again to ist class chooses as its agent, it can- "casen' for Soviet revisionist social- imperialism's staging armed provo- show tbeir opposition to government not hope f6 allsviafs its dass contra- q'hicb cations against China. What the So- and monolrcly capital policies, dictions *.ith the broad masses of the viet revisionists want is that the In- are ruioing them- At tbe sarrre time, Ebench working peoPle. Henee, it the outllow of Frane's gold and for- can oever shed its everdeePening dian reactionaries "form a common eign excbange neserves has continued political-economic crisis, approach" in strengthening the anti- unabated, and the franc is shaky. In China military alliance. these ciicumstances, where the rnass j Resorting to the shameless trick struggle is growing in depth and the KOSYGIN IN NEW DETHI of "a thief crying 'stop thief,"'Kosy- political-economic crisis is getting gin viciously slandered and vilified internal more and more.serious, the. H'utching New Anti-Chino Plots China at a New. Delhi, meeting contradictions besetting French rul- fol.iowing Hussain's funeral on May ing circles have become ever more In a new anti-China move, Soviet 6. To back up this manoeuvre, acute. revisionist renegade clique chieftain Moscow newspapers again gave wide Kosygin turned up in New Detrhi Ail this has confronted these ruling coverage to articles slandering China rvith the reac- circles with an unprecedented plight recently to conspire and distorling the truth about the Indian Goverririrent for step- and brought about de Gau11e's tionary Sino-Soviet border question the day He defeat. ped-up military collaboration. after Kosygin's vile attack. stayed in the Indian capital three Sapping the rule of the monopoly days. The head-on blorv the Soviet revi- capitalist class in the country, the sionist renegade clique received from upheaval in the French political Everyone 'knorvs that the Soviet the Chinese frontier guards in its situatioa wiil at the.. sarne time revisionist renegade clique views the armed provocations against China's aggravate the difficuities and con- Indian reactionaries as important territory Chenpao Island has exposed tradictioas bedevilling the imperialist partners in its anti-China lineup. before the whole world the Soviet bloc. tr.or the ruling cl.asses of the This being its consistent policy, it has revisionist new tsars as nothing but Western countries, this is a disturb- gone out of its way to help them in a pack of gangsters and paper tigers. ing prospect indeed. "The defeat of their arms expansion and war pre- Hoping to extricate itself from its de GaG1le," writes the British Dodg parations and to train them as hat- impasse and difficulties at horne and Mai,l, "eotrJ.d caus€ a major potitical chetmen against China. Since its abroad, the Soviet revisionist ren- upheaval in6id€ Western Europe,'l .armed provocations against China's egade clique is hatching new plots As the French politic.atr situation territory Chenpao Island early in against China together -with the In- grows-r-.rore and. rnore unstable, the Mar.eh,-_provocatiorrs whieh' were alian reactionaries. Brrt- a]l s!€h en- alrea.dy shaky , frane -.has- zuffered given a solid rebuff - the Sovief re- deavours are futile. 38 PekiW Reasi.ew, No, 20 (Continued. from p. 3.) 24, telling them to come to the Chi- Indian planes have intruded into neise territory on the left side of Natu China and its acts of provocation La at 12:00 hours Peking time on and even penetrated deep into along the China-Sikkim boundary April 24 to get back the linoleum, and China's Yatung and Gyantse arees and the Sino-Indian border. asking the Indian troops to refrain for provocations. Indian troops The responsible member the of from doing anything detri:nental to carried out large-scale military Departrrent Asian Affairs First of the hand-over and recep,tion during manoeuvres in Sikkim, and Indian pointed 1969, out: On April 24, the process. Having heard the broad- military personnel have incessantly Singh, Director East Manjit of the cast from the Chinese troops, the In- intruded into Chinese territory by Asia Division of the Indian Ministry dian troops replied in a broadeast on erossing the China-Sikkim boundary External Affairs, made an urgent of April 24 that they woutrd not come at Jelep La. hforeover, of late the meet Chao- appointment to Chen to get it back and at the same time Indian Army Chief of Staff went to yuan, interim Charge d'Affaires ad said sorne highly offensive words. the Sinelndian border area for a so- Fmbassy in India, dur- of the Chinese "In so doing, the Chinese ffontier called inspection. Obviously, it is ing which he alleged that "Chinese guards displayed the lofty spirit of none other than the Indian Govern- Ts troops at Natu broadcast to the the Chinese People's Liberation ment itself that is carrying out in- Indian troope on April 23 and 24, Army. However, the Indian Govern- cessant provocations and creating demanding their Eithdran-al before ment deliberately distorted the facts, tension along the China-Sikkim 12:00 hours on April 2{, and saying slanderously aecusing the Chinese boundary and the Sino-Indian border. that failure to rrrithdraw would be frontier guards of 'pror.ocations.' A The Chinese Govbrnment and people answered with bullets." Singh also spokesman of the Indian Ministry of hereby lodge a strong protest rvith accused the Chinese frontier guards Defence even clamoured on April 26 the Indian Government against its of being "irresponsible" in "making that the Chinese side had issued an lies and slanders and acts of provo- a serious provocation," and lodged a 'ultimatum' to India. Instigated by cation mentioned above. so-called protest with the Chinese the Indian Government, the reac- "The Chinese Government sternly Government. tionary Indian press also seized upon warns the Indian Government: By so The responsible member of the this to heap ealumnies on China, rabidly opposing China in an attempt First Department of Asian Affairs thereby staging a elumsy anti-China to provoke border incidents and said: 'fThe above allegation by the farce." create tension, you are only lifting a Indian Ministry of External Affairs The responsible member of the rock to drop it on your own feet. The is an out-and-out fabrication and First Department of Asian Affairs Chinese Government's stand is very slander. The fact is this: On also pointed out: "In its note to the clear: 'We will not attack unless we April 21, linoleum belonging to In- Chinese Embassy dated April 23, the are attacked; if rre are attacked, we dian troops on the Sikkirn side of Indian Ministry of External Affairs will certainly Gonnter-attack-' Should Natu La along the China-Sikkim alleged that 'on March 30th three the Indian Government obduratelY boundary r*'as blown by strong winds Chinese uniformed personnel' crc€d canry out armed provocations along into Chinese territory. Ivlotivated the line of actual cohtrol i-u the the Sinelndian borderund the entirely by good intentions, the Chi- western sector of the Sinoplndian China-Sikkim boundar5r, it must be nese frontier guards twice broadcast border- tbis is likewise sheer fabri- held fuIly responsible for all the con- to the Indian troops on April 23 and cation and trouble-making. Recently, sequences arising therefrom." PEKING REVIEW Vol. 12, No. 20 Published in English, French, Spanish, May 16, 1S69 Japanese and German editions

IN THTS ISSUE

THE WEEK 3 U.S. lmperiolism ond Soviet Revisionism Step Up ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS "Middle Eost Munich" Plot The Theory of "lnternotionol Dictotorshiprt Is o Butchers of the People's Revolution in Southeost Gongster Theory of Sociql-lmpeilolism 4 Asio The "Moy 7 Directiye" Ughts the \Aloy 6 Scviet Revisionism Heoding for the Grove Along Alwoys Courogeously Advonce Along Choirmon Rood of Foscist Aggression Albonion poper Moo's Revolutionory Line in Literoture ond Art 9 Zeri i Popullit exposes Soviet- revisionist sociol- The Ninth Notionol Congress o{ the Chinese Com- imperiolism's policy of militory oggression munist Porty Wormly Greeted 13 Soviet Revisionists' Armed Provocotions Agoinst People of lndio Embcrk on the Rood of Arrned Chino Denounced 30 Struggle 18 Fighters Armed With Moo Tsetung Thought Are Orgonizing the Peosonts, Building Up o People's lnvincible 34 Armed Force ond l-ounching, Armed Struggle Ior Complete Overthrow of Reoctionory Rule m ROUND THE WORID 37

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