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Kepemimpinan Dan Berpikir Sistem (Leadership and System Thinking)

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Kepemimpinan Dan Berpikir Sistem (Leadership and System Thinking) Kepemimpinan dan Berpikir Sistem (leadership and system thinking) adalah kompetensi utama kesehatan masyarakat (core competence of public health), di samping kompetensi lainnya. Itulah sebabnya, lingkaran kepemimpinan dan berpikir sistem berada dalam in lingkaran kompetensi kesehatan masyarakat dan menjadi penggerak bagi kompetensi lainnya. Kepemimpinan Kesehatan Masyarakat memiliki prinsip-prinsip dasar yang dapat berbeda dengan penerapan kepemimpinan pada bidang yang lain, termasuk dalam bidang kesehatan secara umum. Buku dengan judul Kepemimpinan dan Berpikir Sistem dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat, merupakan revisi dari buku Public Health Leadership yang pernah terbit sebelumnya. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk meng-update materi sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan permintaan berbagai pihak, apalagi mata kuliah Kepemimpinan dan Berpikir Sistem Kesehatan Masyarakat ini merupakan mata kuliah in berdasarkan kurikulum nasional bagi Asosiasi Instusi Perguruan Tinggi Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (AIPTKMI). Perbedaan yang sangat mendasar dari isi buku sebelumnya adalah pada buku ini ditambahkan 1 bagian khusus yang membicarakan tentang Berpikir Sistem dan Organisasi Pembelajaran (Learning Organizaon), yaitu pada Bagian III. Selain itu, juga dilakukan penambahan materi pada Bagian IV berkaitan dengan Penerapan dan Kebutuhan Penelian Kepemimpinan Kesehatan Masyarakat. Terdapat dua tambahan Bab pada Bagian ini yaitu berkaitan dengan Kepemimpinan dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19, dan Pengembangan Pulau Sehat (Healthy Islands). Sementara pada Bagian I yang membahas tentang Konsep Dasar, Teori dan Eka Kepemimpinan Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Bagian II tentang Kompetensi dan Skill Kepemimpinan Kesehatan Masyarakat, dak terlalu banyak perubahan, kecuali hanya beberapa aspek saja. Buku ini sangat bagus dibaca oleh para mahasiswa, dosen dan praksi yang ingin memahami konsep kepemimpinan kesehatan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. KEPEMIMPINAN DAN BERPIKIR SISTEM DALAM KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Penulis Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, PhD Rancang Cover Wisnu Tata Aksara Dimaswids Cetakan I, April 2021 Penerbit Pustaka Pelajar (Anggota IKAPI) Celeban Timur UH III/548 Yogyakarta 55167 Telp. 0274 381542, Faks. 0274 383083 E-mail: [email protected] ISBN: Dalam proses iv Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, Ph.D Bab II Teori Gaya dan Sifat Kepemimpinan Bidang Kesehatan — 33 2.1 Pendahuluan — 33 2.2 Teori kepemimpinan — 33 2.3 Gaya Kepemimpinan — 34 2.4 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Gaya Kepemimpinan — 52 2.5 Sifat kepemimpinan — 55 2.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 55 2.7 Penutup — 56 Bab III Kepemimpinan Transformasional Bidang Kesehatan — 57 3.1 Pendahuluan — 57 3.2 Pendekatan Transformasional terhadap Kepemimpinan — 58 3.3 Pengukuran Kepemimpinan Transformasional — 64 3.4 Perilaku Kepemimpinan Transformasional — 71 3.5 Bagaimana Kepemimpinan Transformasional Bekerja dan Berdampak pada Organisasi? — 72 3.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 73 3.7 Penutup — 74 Bab IV Etika Kepemimpinan Kesehatan Masyarakat — 75 4.1 Pendahuluan — 75 4.2 Konsep Dasar Etika Kepemimpinan — 76 4.3 Prinsip Etika Kepemimpinan — 78 4.4 Pentingnya Etika Kepemimpinan dalam Kesehatan — 80 4.5 Tantangan Etika Kepemimpinan dan Komponen Perilaku Etik — 86 4.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 90 4.7 Penutup — 91 x Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, Ph.D BAGIAN II KOMPETENSI DAN SKILL KEPEMIMPINAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT — 93 Bab V Kepemimpinan dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Kesehatan — 95 5.1 Pendahuluan — 95 5.2 Apa Kebijakan Kesehatan itu? — 96 5.3 Mengapa Mengembangkan Kebijakan Kesehatan? — 99 5.4 Proses Pembuatan Kebijakan Kesehatan — 99 5.5 Rekomendasi Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC dalam kaitan dengan Kepemimpinan Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Issue-Issue yang Berkaitan dengan Kebijakan Kesehatan — 113 5.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 115 5.7 Penutup — 115 Bab VI Kepemimpinan dan Komunikasi Kesehatan Masyarakat — 117 6.1 Pendahuluan — 117 6.2 Konsep komunikasi kesehatan — 117 6.3 Hambatan terhadap Komunikasi Kesehatan — 121 6.4 Mengapa Komunikasi Penting dalam Kepemimpinan Kesehatan Masyarakat? — 124 6.5 Keterampilan Komunikasi bagi Para Pemimpin Kesehatan Masyarakat — 126 6.6 Penutup — 144 Bab VII Kepemimpinan dan Pengambilan Keputusan — 146 7.1 Pendahuluan — 146 7.2 What: Pengambilan Keputusan — 146 7.3 Peranan dan Model Pengambilan Keputusan — 148 7.4 Evidence Based Decision Making in Public Kepemimpinan & Berpikir Sistem dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat xi Health — 158 7.5 Hambatan-Hambatan dalam Pengambilan Keputusan — 160 7.6 Tugas Pemimpin Kesehatan Masyarakat — 161 7.7 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 162 7.8 Penutup — 162 Bab VIII Kepemimpinan, Konflik dan Negosiasi dalam Bidang Kesehatan — 163 8.1 Pendahuluan — 163 8.2 Konflik dalam Bidang Kesehatan — 163 8.3 Negosiasi dalam Bidang Kesehatan — 175 8.4 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 184 8.5 Penutup — 185 BAGIAN III BERPIKIR SISTEM DAN ORGANISASI PEMBELAJAR DALAM BIDANG KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT — 187 Bab IX Organisasi Pembelajar (Learning Organization) — 189 9.1 Pendahuluan — 189 9.2 Sejarah Singkat — 189 9.3 Hukum Disiplin Kelima Organisasi Pembelajar — 190 9.4 Konsep Organisasi Pembelajar —199 9.5 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 201 9.6 Penutup — 202 Bab X Berpikir Sistem (System Thinking) — 203 10.1 Pendahuluan — 203 10.2 Konsep Dasar Berpikir Sistem — 204 10.3 Tiga Tingkat Penjelasan Berpikir Sistem — 209 10.4 Tujuh Kendala Belajar — 212 10.5 Sembilan Arkeptipe Sistem — 215 xii Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, Ph.D 10.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 217 10.7 Penutup — 218 Bab XI Keahlian Pribadi (Personal Mastery) — 219 11.1 Pendahuluan — 219 11.2 Konsep Keahlian Pribadi (Personal Mastery) — 219 11.3 Pengaruh Personal Mastery dengan Kinerja Organisasi — 222 11.4 Cara Meningkatkan Keahlian Pribadi — 223 11.5 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 227 11.6 Penutup — 227 Bab XII Model Mental (Mental Model) — 229 12.1 Pendahuluan — 229 12.2 Konsep Model Mental (Mental Model) dalam Organisasi Pembelajar — 229 12.3 Diskusi dan Penugasam — 236 12.4 Penutup — 237 Bab XIII Membangun Visi Bersama (Shared Vision) — 238 13.1 Pendahuluan — 238 13.2 Pengertian Visi Bersama (Shared Vision) — 238 13.3 Pengaruh Visi Bersama, leadership, kepuasan dan Kinerja Organisasi — 243 13.4 Cara Menciptakan Visi Bersama — 244 13.5 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 245 13.6 Penutup — 246 Bab XIV Pembelajaran Tim (Team Learning) — 247 14.1 Pendahuluan — 247 14.2 Konsep Pembelajaran Tim dalam Organisasi Pembelajar — 247 Kepemimpinan & Berpikir Sistem dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat xiii 14.3 Bagaimana Menciptakan Pembelajaran Tim — 252 14.4 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pembelajaran Tim — 256 14.5 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 256 BAGIAN IV PENERAPAN DAN KEBUTUHAN PENELITIAN KEPEMIMPINAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT — 259 Bab XV Partnership, Kepemimpinan dan Healthy Cities — 261 15.1 Pendahuluan — 261 15.2 Konsep dasar, strategi dan faktor-faktor sukses implementasi Healthy Cities — 262 15.3 Tantangan dan faktor-faktor sukses implementasi Healthy Cities — 267 15.4 Partnership, kepemimpinan dan Healthy Cities — 277 15.5 Pentingnya Leadership dan Pengembangan Partnership Healthy Cities — 284 15.6 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 285 15.7 Penutup — 285 Bab XVI Kepemimpinan terhadap Pandemi Covid-19 — 287 16.1 Pendahuluan — 287 16.2 Perkembangan Kasus Covid-19 secara Global dan Nasional — 288 16.3 Tantangan Pengendalian Covid-19 — 290 16.4 Hoaks berkaitan dengan Pengendalian Covid-19 — 294 16.5 Vaksinasi: Perlindungan Spesifik Kesehatan Masyarakat — 298 16.6 Kebutuhan Kompetensi Kepemimpinan dalam Pengendalian Covid-19 — 300 16.7 Diskusi dan Penugasan — 304 16.8 Penutup — 304 xiv Prof. Sukri Palutturi, SKM, M.Kes., MSc.PH, Ph.D Bab XVII Pengembangan Pulau Sehat (Healthy Islands) — 306 17.1 Pendahuluan — 306 17.2 Masalah Kesehatan di Daerah Kepulauan — 307 17.3 Pulau sebagai Setting (Healthy Setting) — 310 17.4 Penguatan Kemitraan dan Kepemimpinan dalam Mewujudkan Pulau Sehat — 324 17.5 Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Daerah Kepulauan — 329 17.6 Diskusi dan Penutup — 336 17.7 Penutup — 337 Bab XVIII Penelitian dalam Bidang Kepemimpinan Kesehatan — 339 18.1 Pendahuluan — 339 18.2 State of the art penelitian kepemimpinan kesehatan — 339 18.3 Diskusi dan penugasan penelitian kepemimpinan kesehatan — 386 18.4 Penutup — 386 References — 387 Profil Penulis — 433 Kepemimpinan & Berpikir Sistem dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat xv REFERENCES: 12 Steps in Health Communication. (n.d.). 12 Steps in Health Communication. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/ education/educprog/ste/pdf_files/health/health12.pdf Abbasi, E., Taqipour, M., & Farhadian, A. (2012). Learning organization discipline in Iranian higher education system. Journal of educational and instructional studies in the world, 2(2), 58­68. Adamou, M., Kyriakidou, N., & Connolly, J. (2021). Evolution of public-private partnership: the UK perspective through a case study approach. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. Adiwibowo, A. S. (2012). Kepemimpinan dan loyalitas terhadap kinerja karyawan RSJ Menur Surabaya. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 2(01), 41­57. Adnan, S. N. S. M., & Valliappan, R. (2019). Communicating shared vision and leadership styles towards enhancing performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Aftab, M., Bailey, M., Jeffs, C., & Spencer, N. (2015). Three­Stages of Learning: Team-based Reflection for Improvement in the Performance of Multidisciplinary Teams. The International Journal of Design Education, 8(3­4), 1­17. Kepemimpinan & Berpikir Sistem dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat 387 Ahmad, M. S., & Talib, N. B. A. (2016). Analysis of community empowerment on projects
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