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Index Note : Geographical landmarks are listed under the proper name itself: for “Cape Sepias” or “Mt. Athos” see “Sepias” or “Athos.” When a people and a toponym share the same base, see under the toponym: for “Thessalians” see “Thessaly.” Romans are listed according to the nomen, i.e. C. Julius Caesar. With places or people mentioned once only, discretion has been used. Abdera 278 Aeaces II 110, 147 Abydus 222, 231 A egae 272–273 Acanthus 85, 207–208, 246 Aegina 101, 152, 157–158, 187–189, Acarnania 15, 189, 202, 204, 206, 251, 191, 200 347, 391, 393 Aegium 377, 389 Achaia 43, 54, 64 ; Peloponnesian Aegospotami 7, 220, 224, 228 Achaia, Achaian League 9–10, 12–13, Aemilius Paullus, L. 399, 404 54–56, 63, 70, 90, 250, 265, 283, 371, Aeolis 16–17, 55, 63, 145, 233 375–380, 388–390, 393, 397–399, 404, Aeschines 281, 285, 288 410 ; Phthiotic Achaia 16, 54, 279, Aeschylus 156, 163, 179 286 Aetoli Erxadieis 98–101 Achaian War 410 Aetolia, Aetolian League 12, 15, 70, Achaius 382–383, 385, 401 204, 250, 325, 329, 342, 347–348, Acilius Glabrio, M. 402 376, 378–380, 387, 390–391, 393, Acragas 119, COPYRIGHTED165, 259–261, 263, 266, 39MATERIAL6–397, 401–404 352–354, 358–359 Agariste 113, 117 Acrocorinth 377, 388–389 Agathocles (Lysimachus ’ son) 343, 345 ; Acrotatus 352, 355 (King of Sicily) 352–355, 358–359; Actium 410, 425 (King of Bactria) 413–414 Ada 297 Agelaus 391, 410 A History of Greece: 1300 to 30 BC, First Edition. Victor Parker. -
Alexander's Successors
Perdiccas, 323-320 Antigonus (western Asia Minor) 288-285 Antipater (Macedonia) 301, after Ipsus Lysimachus (Anatolia, Thrace) Archon (Babylon) Lysimachus (Anatolia, Thrace) Ptolemy (Egypt) Asander (Caria) Ptolemy (Egypt) Seleucus (Babylonia, N. Syria) Persia to Alexander the Great Atropates (northern Media) 315-311 Alexander’s Seleucus (Babylonia, N. Syria) Eumenes (Cappadocia, Pontus) vs. 318-316 Cassander Cassander (Macedonia) Laomedon (Syria) Lysimachus Daniel 11:1-4 Antigonus Demetrius (Cyprus, Tyre, Demetrius (Macedonia, Cyprus, Leonnatus (Phrygia) Ptolemy Successors Cassander Sidon, Agaean islands) Tyre, Sidon, Agaean islands) Lysimachus (Thrace) Peithon Seleucus Menander (Lydia) Ptolemy Bythinia Bythinia Olympias (Epirus) vs. 332-260 BC Seleucus Epirus Epirus “And now I will tell you the truth. Behold, three more kings are going to arise Peithon (southern Media) Antigonus Greece Greece Philippus (Bactria) vs. Aristodemus Heraclean kingdom Heraclean kingdom Ptolemy (Egypt) Demetrius in Persia. Then a fourth will gain far more riches than all of them; as soon as Eumenes Paeonia Paeonia Stasanor (Aria) Nearchus Olympias Pontus Pontus and others . Peithon Polyperchon Rhodes Rhodes he becomes strong through his riches, he will arouse the whole empire against the realm of Greece. And a mighty king will arise, and he will rule with great authority and do as he pleases.” (Dan 11:2-3) 320 330310 300 290 280 270 260 250 Antipater, 320-319 Alcetas and Attalus (Pisidia ) Antigenes (Susiana) Antigonus (army in Asia) Arrhidaeus (Phrygia) Cassander -
Companion Cavalry and the Macedonian Heavy Infantry
THE ARMY OP ALEXANDER THE GREAT %/ ROBERT LOCK IT'-'-i""*'?.} Submitted to satisfy the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in the School of History in the University of Leeds. Supervisor: Professor E. Badian Date of Submission: Thursday 14 March 1974 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH X 5 Boston Spa, Wetherby </l *xj 1 West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ. * $ www.bl.uk BEST COPY AVAILABLE. TEXT IN ORIGINAL IS CLOSE TO THE EDGE OF THE PAGE ABSTRACT The army with which Alexander the Great conquered the Persian empire was "built around the Macedonian Companion cavalry and the Macedonian heavy infantry. The Macedonian nobility were traditionally fine horsemen, hut the infantry was poorly armed and badly organised until the reign of Alexander II in 369/8 B.C. This king formed a small royal standing army; it consisted of a cavalry force of Macedonian nobles, which he named the 'hetairoi' (or Companion]! cavalry, and an infantry body drawn from the commoners and trained to fight in phalangite formation: these he called the »pezetairoi» (or foot-companions). Philip II (359-336 B.C.) expanded the kingdom and greatly increased the manpower resources for war. Towards the end of his reign he started preparations for the invasion of the Persian empire and levied many more Macedonians than had hitherto been involved in the king's wars. In order to attach these men more closely to himself he extended the meaning of the terms »hetairol» and 'pezetairoi to refer to the whole bodies of Macedonian cavalry and heavy infantry which served under him on his campaigning. -
Francesca Schironi from Alexandria to Babylon
Francesca Schironi From Alexandria to Babylon ≥ Sozomena Studies in the Recovery of Ancient Texts Edited on behalf of the Herculaneum Society by Alessandro Barchiesi, Robert Fowler, Dirk Obbink and Nigel Wilson Vol. 4 Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York Francesca Schironi From Alexandria to Babylon Near Eastern Languages and Hellenistic Erudition in the Oxyrhynchus Glossary (P.Oxy. 1802 ϩ 4812) Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York Țȍ Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schironi, Francesca. From Alexandria to Babylon : Near Eastern languages and Hellenistic erudition in the Oxyrhynchus glossary (P.Oxy. 1802 ϩ 4812) / Francesca Schironi. p. cm. Ϫ (Sozomena. Studies in the recovery of ancient texts ; vol. 4) “The Oxyrhynchus Glossary that is the object of the present study was previously published by Arthur S. Hunt as P.Oxy. 15.1802” Ϫ Introduction. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-11-020693-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Semitic languagesϪLexicographyϪManuscripts. 2. Ma- nuscripts, Greek (Papyri) Ϫ Egypt Ϫ Bahnasa. 3. Bahnasa (Egypt) Ϫ Antiquties. 4. Oxyrhynchus papyri. I. Hunt, Ar- thur S. (Arthur Surridge), 1871Ϫ1934. II. Title. PJ3075.S45 2009 4831.028Ϫdc22 2009005184 ISBN 978-3-11-020693-7 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Ą Copyright 2009 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin. All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. -
Philia Networks in the Macedonian Court and the Long Accession of Alexander the Great*
Karanos 3, 2020 59-83 Philia Networks in the Macedonian Court and the Long Accession of Alexander the Great* by Julius Guthrie University of Exeter [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper revaluates key moments in the court politics of Alexander the Great’s reign through the introduction of philia-networks governed by gift-exchange as a template for explaining the relationships between key participants. This approach makes it clear that Alexander initially held a passive role in the political life of his own court and was dependant on others for his succession. These dynamics shifted in the opening years of the Asian expedition as Alexander sought to break these philia- networks, building his own and surrounding his person with philoi of his own choosing. KEYWORDS Alexander the Great, philia, Aristotle, court politics, conspiracies. To be a ruler in the ancient world was to be involved in a never-ending game of political chicanery with the elite. The Argead family of Macedonia, although the ruling house from at least the turn of the sixth into the fifth century, were no exception, and neither was the household’s most famous name: Alexander III the Great.1 Alexander, when his father, Philip II, died in 336 was by no means assured of succession to the Macedonian kingship. That Alexander did succeed was due to his support from prominent men – especially Antipater and Parmenio– who controlled vast networks of philoi. The recognition of the role played by prominent political factions in Alexander’s court is itself nothing new and most recently Waldemar Heckel has argued for the existence of political factions centred on both Antipater and Parmenio at Alexander’s court2. -
Form and Content in Jewish-Hellenistic Historiography*
Form and Content in Jewish-Hellenistic Historiography* Joseph Geiger When Felix Jacoby started planning his monumental collection of the frag ments of the Greek historians he had to make certain decisions on research strategy, and among these he had, of course, to provide answers to the questions what is a fragment, who is an historian, and who is a Greek. The first two questions shall not detain us now. As to the third, the answer was simple enough: a Greek is whoever writes in Greek. No doubt this was a pragmatic and correct decision, even though it brought about, as such deci sions are bound to, some fairly strange consequences, such as the inclusion of the dictator Sulla among the Greeks.1 Thus there is no reason to challenge Jacoby’s inclusion in his collection of the fragments of the Jewish historians who wrote Greek. Nevertheless, it is pertinent to ask whether Jewish historians who wrote Greek were Greek historians who were no different from other Greek historians but in their descent and in the contents of their works, or whether they were Jewish historians who resorted to Greek rather than to one of the Jewish languages because of the specific historical circumstances of their times. Some time ago I investigated this problem with special application to the structure and contents of II Maccabees and its source, the work in five books of Jason of Cyrene? It is a generally recognized truth that II Maccabees is Hellenistic in form and Jewish in content:3 this Hellenistic form is best demonstrated by drawing attention to the numerous parallels between the structure of that * Expanded version of a paper read at the Ninth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Jerusalem 1985. -
EUMENES Reigned 197-160? B.C
75 AD EUMENES Reigned 197-160? B.C. Plutarch translated by John Dryden Plutarch (46-120) - Greek biographer, historian, and philosopher, sometimes known as the encyclopaedist of antiquity. He is most renowned for his series of character studies, arranged mostly in pairs, known as “Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans” or “Parallel Lives.” Eumenes (75 AD) - A study of the life of Eumenes, a Greek ruler. EUMENES DURIS reports that Eumenes, the Cardian, was the son of a poor wagoner in the Thracian Chersonesus, yet liberally educated, both as a scholar and a soldier; and that while he was but young, Philip, passing through Cardia, diverted himself with a sight of the wrestling matches and other exercises of the youth of that place, among whom Eumenes performing with success, and showing signs of intelligence and bravery, Philip was so pleased with him as to take him into his service. But they seem to speak more probably who tell us that Philip advanced Eumenes for the friendship he bore to his father, whose guest he had sometime been. After the death of Philip, he continued in the service of Alexander, with the title of his principal secretary, but in as great favour as the most intimate of his familiars, being esteemed as wise and faithful as any person about him, so that he went with troops under his immediate command as general in the expedition against India, and succeeded to the post of Perdiccas, when Perdiccas was advanced to that of Hephaestion, then newly deceased. And therefore, after the death of Alexander, when Neoptolemus, who had been captain of his life-guard, said that he had followed Alexander with shield and spear, but Eumenes only with pen and paper, the Macedonians laughed at him, as knowing very well that, besides other marks of favour, the king had done him the honour to make him a kind of kinsman to himself by marriage. -
Ancient Greek and Other Ancient Testimonies About the Unique Ethnic Distinctiveness of the Ancient Macedonians
Alexander DONSKI ANCIENT GREEK AND OTHER ANCIENT TESTIMONIES ABOUT THE UNIQUE ETHNIC DISTINCTIVENESS OF THE ANCIENT MACEDONIANS 2 Alexander DONSKI ANCIENT GREEK AND OTHER ANCIENT TESTIMONIES ABOUT THE UNIQUE ETHNIC DISTINCTIVENESS OF THE ANCIENT MACEDONIANS Institute of History and Archaeology Goce Delcev University – Stip, Republic of Macedonia Translated by: BUBE DONSKA DAVID RILEY (Great Britain) Publisher MNLD “Grigor Prlicev” – Sydney EMARI - Stip For the publisher: Dushan RISTEVSKI Maria KUBAISKA ISBN: 978-0-9808479-3-2 Sydney - Stip, 2011 3 "... I would like to emphasize that history is a science that establishes historical truth through scientific methods... In this sense, history is not negotiable. The history of the ancient world has already been written and documented, over the cen- turies, through laborious scientific research by acclaimed international historians and archaeolo- gists.” Dora Bakoyannis, foreign minister of Greece (30.03.2009) 4 INTRO Today's Greek propaganda does everything it can to convince the world that ancient Macedonia was "Greek" and that the ancient Macedonians were "Greeks" as well. The reasons for this are merely political and well-known. It is of great importance to Greece to prove that the name Macedonia and the ancient Macedonians were "Greek", which means that today's Macedonians "have no historical right" to use these "Greek" names. However, despite these claims, relevant Greek sources say that the biggest opponents of today's Greek propaganda are exactly the works of the ancient Greek historians! A lot of these works contain indisputable claims that the ancient Macedonians were not only not "Greek" (Helens), but that they were, in a big part of their history, very unfriendly towards each other. -
The Geography of the Iliad in Ancient Scholarship by Cassandra J. Borges
The Geography of the Iliad in Ancient Scholarship by Cassandra J. Borges A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Studies) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Richard Janko, Chair Professor Ruth S. Scodel Associate Professor Francesca Schironi Assistant Professor Ian S. Moyer Acknowledgements This dissertation is fundamentally about how nothing scholarly happens in a vacuum. There is nothing like the process of writing a dissertation to bring this truth home. I could not have sustained this project without the help and encouragement of an assortment of people, both within and without the academy. Thanks go first to my committee, who collectively taught me a lot about working within a scholarly tradition. My advisor, Richard Janko, brought an incredible breadth and depth of learning and a rigorous eye for detail to the project; without his initial shrewd guess that what this particular budding Homerist needed was scholia, it never would have happened. It has been a privilege to work with him. Ruth Scodel has provided a number of astute and perceptive comments on the Iliad, and her propensity to get inside the psychology of everyone from Antenor to Zenodotus was tremendously bracing; she has helped to sharpen and focus my thought. Francesca Schironi, a late (and lucky, from my perspective!) addition to the project, was a superb and enthusiastic resource for how to deal with Homeric scholarship. Finally, Ian Moyer has bravely dealt with an unfamiliar mass of material, and I appreciate his enthusiasm for the idea of doing cultural history through the scholia. -
Hist229x “Was Alexander Great?” Alphabetical List of the Main
HIST229x “Was Alexander Great?” Alphabetical list of the main characters Abreas: Macedonian soldier on double pay for military service; died protecting Alexander inside the walls of the Mallian town. Acuphis: chief of Nysa, city in BaJaur named after Dionysos’ nurse. Ada: Hecatomnid princess; surrendered key city of Alinda to Alexander; reinstated as governor of Caria by Alexander in 334 B.C.E.; adopted Alexander as her son. Agis III: King of Sparta; raised a revolt against Macedon in the summer of 331 B.C.E; crushed by Alexander’s regent in Macedon, Antipater. Alcimachus, son of Agathocles: brother of Alexander’s bodyguard Lysimachus; in the summer of 334 B.C.E. sent on a mission to the Aeolian and the Ionian cities still subject to the Persians, dispossessing the ruling factions and establishing popular (democratic) governments in their place. Alexander of Epirus: King of Molossia in Epirus, 342-330/29 B.C.E. Brother of Olympias; married Philip’s daughter Kleopatra in 336 B.C.E. Alexander, the son of Aeropus, of Lyncestis: accompanied Alexander into the palace after the assassination of Philip II, armed like his master; his brothers Heromenes and Arrabaeus were executed for their part in the conspiracy to assassinate Philip; executed in the wake of Philotas’ treason. Anaxarchus of Abdera: philosopher who consoled Alexander after his murder of Cleitus; supported Alexander’s introduction of proskynesis (prostration) in front of him. Andronicus, son of Agerros: sent to suppress rebellion of Satibarzanes; husband of Lanice, Alexander’s childhood nurse; may have been killed at the battle of the River Polytimetus. -
PARAETACENE GABIENE 317 BCE 316 BCE Diadochoi 2015 Diadochoi 2015 Deploy Both Armies As Indicated
simple Great battles of history ~ Playbook (2nd Ed.) 11 Wars of the Successors PARAETACENE GABIENE 317 BCE 316 BCE Diadochoi 2015 Diadochoi 2015 Deploy both armies as indicated. The scenario special rules Deploy both armies as indicated. The scenario special rules modifications are noted below. modifications are noted below. Playing Time: About 1 ½ hours Playing Time: About 2 hours Balance: Favors Eumenes Balance: Even Antigonus Formation Chart Antigonus Formation Chart Commander Formation Commander Formation Antigonus [OC] /5 Antigonus Agema HC [a] and/or Antigonus [OC] /5 None India EL 8-13 [b] Demetrius /2 Right Wing Cavalry Demetrius /2 Right Wing Cavalry Hippostratus Phalanx Hippostratus Phalanx Nicanor Heavy Infantry Nicanor Heavy Infantry Peithon Left Wing Cavalry Peithon Left Wing Cavalry Nearchus Auxiliares, Elephants [a] [c] Nearchus Auxiliares, India EL 1-7 Notes: Notes: [a] An In Command chain can have from one to three vacant hexes [a] May also be activated with the Right Wing Cavalry Formation between units; SK Type units are automatically In Command. [b] An In Command chain can have one vacant hex between units [c] An In Command chain can have one or two vacant hexes between Eumenes Formation Chart units; SK Type units are always In Command Commander Formation Eumenes [OC] /4 Left Wing Cavalry or India EL 12-23 Eumenes Formation Chart Antigenes Silver Shields, Hypaspists Commander Formation Teutamus Phalanx, Heavy Infantry Eumenes [OC] /4 Right Wing Cavalry Phillip Right Wing Cavalry Antigenes Phalanx, Silver Shields, Hypaspists, Eudamus Auxiliaries, India EL 1-11 [a] Persian LI 1 Tlepolemus Heavy Infantry, Persian LI 2 Notes: [a] Eudamus Left Wing Cavalry An In Command chain can have from one to three vacant hexes between units; SK Type units are automatically In Command. -
Nicanor Son of Balacrus Waldemar Heckel
Nicanor Son of Balacrus Waldemar Heckel HE LABYRINTH of Macedonian prosopography offers numerous paths of inquiry, but inevitably, in the case of T each individual, only one of these can lead to daylight; for it is clear that there is but a single correct identification. Without certainty, however, various paths offer hope, and with it a set of implications for the interpretation of events. A case in point is the mysterious Nicanor son of Balacrus, named by the Suda (Ν 376) and Harpocration (s.v.), though curiously without further comment. Since they list him together with Nicanor son of Parmenion, the commander of Alexander’s hypaspists, and Nicanor of Stageira, who proclaimed the “Exiles’ Decree” in 324, it is highly likely that the son of Balacrus was also an agent or officer of Alexander the Great. Berve lists five individuals under the name Balacrus, but these can probably be reduced to three, of whom the most famous was Balacrus son of Nicanor, the former Somatophylax of Alexander and satrap of Cilicia.1 Hence it is tempting to regard Nicanor son of Balacrus as a son of the Somatophylax and named for his paternal grandfather. Nevertheless, one would not expect a lexicographer to remark on this individual unless he had made some significant histori- cal contribution. What then could have been Nicanor’s claim to fame? 1 For Balacrus son of Nicanor see Arr. Anab. 2.12.2, cf. Diod. 18.22.1. H. Berve, Das Alexanderreich auf prosopographischer Grundlage II (Munich 1926) 100– 101, no. 200; W. Heckel, The Marshals of Alexander’s Empire (London 1992) 260–261; the Balacrus who campaigned in Asia Minor (Berve no.