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AUTHOR Breland, Hunter M.; And Others TITLE The College Board Vocabulary Study. College Board Report No. 94-4. INSTITUTION College Entrance Examination Board, New York, N.Y. REPORT NO ETS-RR-94-26 PUB DATE 94 NOTE 56p. AVAILABLE FROM College Board Publications, Box 886, New York, NY 10101-0886 ($12). PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143)
EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS College Freshmen; Higher Education; High Schools; High School Students; Language Patterns; Lexicology; *Reading Materials; Reading Research; *Vocabulary; *Word Frequency IDENTIFIERS Words
ABSTRACT A study provided an up-to-date source of word frequency information based in the kinds of reading materials to which high school and first-year college students are exposed. A corpus of 14,360,884 words was assembled from acomprehensive listing of reading materials from curriculum surveys, state curriculum guides, private school reading lists, research surveys, federal reports, recommended reading lists, and other sources. Includedin the sample of reading materials were American and British novels, poetry, drama, essays, biographies, autobiographies, current periodicals, historical documents, and text from an encyclopedia. The following statistics were generated: (1)the overall frequency of occurrence of each word in the corpus;(2) an index of dispersion for each word over 27 text categories;(3) an estimate of the number of occurrences per one million words of running textfor each word that would be expected in a similar but different corpus; and(4) a standard frequency index developed from a logarithmic transformation. (Contains 43 references and 7 tables of data. Appendixes present a list of materials surveyed, and a list of materials sampled for word count.) (RS)
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College Board Report No. 94-4
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L.1.1 The College Board Vocabulary Study
HUNTER M. IRELAND, ROBERT J. JONES, and LAURA JENKINS
BEST COPY AVAILABLE "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION '.424MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Offrce of Educational Reearch and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) CI This documitnI has been reproduced as 'eceived from the person or organization .figinating it ea The College Board C M.nor changes have been made lo improve repiOduction quality i(),. All
Points of view ot opinions staleo in this docu- TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ment do nol necessarily represent official ------2 INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." OERI position or policy College Board Report No. 94-4 ETS RR No. 94-26
The College Board Vocabulary Study
HUNTER M. BRELAND, ROBERT J. JONES, and LAURA JENKINS with the assistance of Marion Paynter, Judith Pollack, and Y. Fai Fong
CollegeEntranceLaminationBoard, New York, 1994 Acknowledgments
The authors are indebted to a number of people who served as consultants and advisers during the course of the project. Since the project was in some ways similar to one completed in 1971 by John B. Carroll when he was with Educational Testing Service (ETS), we contacted him at the University of North Carolina in the early stages of the project. He provided much useful information, including extensive FORTRAN programs he had developed over the years that were not available from any other source. He was always willing to take the time to answer questions. ETS colleague lssac Bejar and Roger Chaffin of Trenton State College also gave early advice on the project. We also consulted with Louis T. Milic of Cleveland State University, author of the Augustan Prose Sample and well versed in the intricacies of corpus development and lan- guage analysis. He introduced us to two associations that Hunter M. Breland is a senior research scientist at ETS. proved to be especially valuable sources of information, the Robert J. Jones was formerly a senior examiner at ETS. Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing and the Association for Computers in the Humanities. Laura Jenkins is a principal research data analyst at ETS. Marion Paynter was formerly associate librarian at ETS. Randall Jones of Brigham Young University, secretary of the Judith Pollack is an advanced research systems specialist. Association for Computers in the Humanities, helped Y. Fai Fong was formerly associate research data analyst. immensely in obtaining text in electronic form. He advised us on the use of the WORDCRUNCHER text retrieval Researchers are encouraged to freely express their pro- system and put us in contact with his associates at the fessional judgment. Therefore, points of view or opinions Electronic Text Corporation, which markets books and stated in College Board Reports do not nect!ssarily represent other materials in electronic form. official College Board position or policy The Oxford Text Archive was also a critical contributor. At the time the project began, it was the most importantsource of text in electronic form. Probably one-third of the textwe The College Board is a national nonprofit association that were able to obtain in electronic form came from the champions educational excellence for all students through Archive. Judith Proud and Lou Burnard of the Archivewere the ongoing collaboration of more than 2,900 member especially helpful. schools, colleges, universities, education systems, and organizations. The Board promotesby means of respon- Richard Venezky of the University of Delaware helped sive forums, research, programs, and policy development orient us to the esoteric world of lexicography and advised universal access to high standards of learning, equity of on a number of related issues, including sources of elec- opportunity, and sufficient financial support so that every tronic text. Some hard-to-find works of William Faulkner student is prepared for success in college and work. were obtained from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. Touchstone Applied Science Associates supplied word Ordering Information counts for numerous textbooks and other difficult to obtain Additional copies of this report may be obtained from titles. College Board Publications, Box 886, New York, Finally, we are indebted to staff at ETS for assistance and New York 10101-0886. The price is $12. timely expertise in several areas. Marion Paynter, formerly associate librarian, connected us with DIALOG Information The data base used in this study is available on requeston Services and with the NEXIS service of Mead Data Central. 3.5" IBM- or Mac-formatted disks. If you would like to These two services provided most of the periodicaltext. She order copies of the data base on disk, please write Dr. also gave us access to the Rutgers Inventory of Machine- Howard Everson, Research and Development, The College Readable Text, and she introduced us to the world of CD- Board, 45 Columbus Avenue, New York, NY 10023-6992. ROM from which we obtained encyclopedia text. Judith Pollack, veteran data analyst, wrote the program that Copyright © 1994 by College Entrance Examination Board. combined all the text word counts into the final listing and All rights reserved. College Board, SAT, AP, CLEP, and the computed word frequency statistics. Laura Jenkins devel- acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College En- oped the data base and conducted the data analyses. Y. Fai trance Examination Board. Fong designed the original format for the alphabetical word list. Peggy Fisher helped assemble some of the early book Printed in the United States of America. lists. 4 Contents
Abstract 1 7. Comparisons of BWVT Word Difficulties and U Values for Four Corpora 11 Introduction Purpose of the Study 2 8. Comparisons of Selected Words in Different Vocabulary Acquisition 2 Corpora 11 Word Frequency 2
Text Sampling Procedures 3 Compilation of Works 3 Leading Authors 3 Leading Works 4 Other Materials Sampled 4 Sampled Text by Categories 5
Computational Procedures 6
Analysis of the College Board Corpus 7 Comparisons with Subjective Estimates of Word Frequency 7 Comparisons with Word Difficulty Estimates 7 Comparisons of Selected Words /
References 11
Appendix A: Materials Surveyed for the College Board Vocabulary Study 13
Appendix B: Materials Sampled for Word Count 44
Tables 1. Leading Authors 4
2. Leading Works 4
3. Textbooks, Periodicals, and Other Materials Sampled 5
4. Text by Categories 6
5. Comparisons between Subjective Estimates of Word Frequencies and Objective Estimates Based on Word Counts 8-9
6. Comparisons of Dale and O'Rourke Word Difficulties and U Values for Four Corpora 9 The corpus described in this report came about be- Abstract cause of deficiencies in previous corpora.They were out of date, not large enough, focused on younger age This study was conducted to provide an up-to-date groups, or were not representative ofEnglish as studied source of word frequency informationbased on the in U.S. high schools. Because of such deficiencies, there kinds of reading materials to which high school and was a reluctance to rely on theinformation derived first-year college students are exposed. It began with a from these corpora. The present corpus is not perfect, comprehensive listing of reading materials from cur- but it attempts to address some of the problems of pre- riculum surveys, state curriculum guides, private school vious efforts. In order to develop a corpus of sufficient reading lists, research surveys, federal reports, rectum size, electronic media have been used as much as pos- mended reading lists, and other sources. Materials men- sible. That means that text has been taken in electronic tioned most often were sampled or entire documents form rather than using random samples from a carefully were obtained when they were available inelectronic constructed domain of interest. There is always a trade- form. Included in the sample of reading materials off between sampling precision and sample size; in the were American and British novels, poetry,drama, es- present case more weight has been given tosample size says, biographies, autobiographies, currentperiodicals than to sampling precision. Nevertheless, careful atten- of various types, historical documents, and text from an tion was paid to the representativeness of the text sam- encyclopedia. pled in the light of curriculum surveys and guides, rec- A corpus of 14,360,884 words of running text was ommended reading lists, and various other sources of assembled. This corpus was analyzed using the most so- information. The authors believe the result is a pretty phisticated lexicographic methods available and the fol- good representation of the kind of vocabulary to which lowing statistics were generated: the overall frequency high school students and college freshmen are likely to of occurrence of each word in the corpus, an index of he exposed. dispersion for each word over 27 text categories, an es- Vocabulary can be studied in many different ways, timate of the number of occurrences per one million but one of the most effective is to conduct a count of words of running text for each word that would be words used in written language. The advantage of this expected in a similar but different corpus, and a stan- kind of study is that it includes all of the words en- dard frequency index developed from a logarithmic countered. Words encountered most frequently tend to transformation. be easy words and those encountered rarely, difficult This report describes the development of the corpus words. Most other type3 of vocabulary studies are lim- and the computation of the word frequency indexes. It ited to some selected group of words and, accordingly, also compares the corpus with other existing corpora information on only those particular words is collected. and demonstrates the importance of up-to-date word The most well-known word frequency counts are those frequency information. The comprehensive listing of conducted by Thorndike and Lorge (1944). The cor- reading materials examined and a list of sampled mate- pora used for these counts were collectedduring the rials are included in the Appendixes. 1920s and 1930s. When the several different corpora developed by Thorndike and Lorge were combined, they represented over 18 million words of running Introduction text. Because of its size, the Thorndike and Lorge com- Developing corpora for use in the study of language is bined countisoften the most usefulbut its age not often attempted because of the immense task in- leaves doubt about- its appropriateness for current-day volved in surveying the domain, collecting samples of purposes. text, and conducting analyses of the text sampled. It is A second corpus was developed in 1966 by Kucera a particularly difficult task because ofthe need for large and Francis (1967). Known as the Brown University amounts of text; small amounts of text, even of several corpus, this text sample was of one millionwords of million words, are often too small for many analytical running text (see also Francis and Kucera, 1982, for purposes. If one is interested in studying wordsthat ap- more recent work on this corpus). Although the Brown pear relatively infrequently, for example,then the task corpus is widely recognized for the precision of its sam- can be staggering because, no matterhow large the pling, and for that reason is respected by researchers in sample, the words of interest do not appear often the field, it is too small for use in some contexts because enough to allow for reliable statistical computations. many important words do not appear at all. Despite the challenges, however, there is great interest A third corpus was developed in 1969 and a word in the outcome and, consequently, from time to time frequency count was published by Carroll, Davies, and corpora are developed and analyses of thempublished. Richman in 1971. This corpus is known as the Amer-
f) ican Heritage corpus and the count is known as the that first graders have average vocabularies of about American Heritage word frequency count. As with the 5,000 words and college students about 50,000 (Lorge Brown corpus, the American Heritage corpus was de- and (hall 1963). These estimates indicate the very rapid rived by random sampling from the domain of in- growth of vocabulary during the school years. Nagy, teresrin this case educational materials then used in Anderson, and Herman (1987) estimated that children grades 3 through 9. Although the corpus on which it is learn approximately 800 to 1,200 words per year based is relatively large (5 million words), the American through their reading and that words learned during Heritage word frequency count is not useful as a repre- reading represent about a third of a child's annual vo- sentation of vocabulary encountered in the later high cabulary growth. Studies show, however, that there school years and in college. exist very large individual differences in vocabulary ac- The well-known COBUILD corpus, developed at quisition. Seashore and Eckerson (1940) found that the the University of Birmingham (England), represents a top 10 percent of college students had vocabularies fourth corpus. COBUILD has the advantages that it is twice the size of the lowest 10 percent. large (18 million words) and machine-readable, but it is A large vocabulary is difficult to acquire and main- not representative of the vocabulary encountered in U.S. tain because many important words occur infrequently high school English classes. in a language, Nagy and Anderson (1984) found that only about 3,000 words occurred more than 10 times per million words of running text and only about Purpose of the Study 10,000 words occurred more than once per million The College Board vocabulary study was conducted to words of running text. If a college student is to maintain provide a comprehensive source of word frequencies in a vocabulary of 50,000 words, four-fifths of those reading materials used at the high school and first-year words will be encountered relatively infrequently in college level, and to fill the gap left by previous word normal reading and thus must be stored in memory for frequency studies. Such studies are useful in research long periods of time. and potentially in test development as well. To determine what materials are most likely to be Word Frequency read by high school and first-year college students, a Evidence of the importance of word frequency comes number of different reading lists, surveys, curriculum from linguistic studies, studies of verbal comprehension, guides, and other kinds of evidence were collected and and studies of reading. The assumption that the words from these a comprehensive list of materials was com- most commonly used are learned faster and remem- piled. The next task was to develop a ranking of these bered better is supported by a number of studies materials based on the frequency with which they ap- (Howes and Solomon 1951; Solomon and Howes 1951; peared in the source lists. Once the ranking was com- Werner and Kaplan 1952; Howes 1954; Brown 1958; pleted, efforts were made to determine the availability Clark 1983; Sternberg and Powell 1983; Gough 1984; of the materials in electronic form andas a cost-saving Tomayo 1987). The speed with which a reader can ac- measureuse was made of electronic text when it was cess a word's meaning depends on how frequently that available. As a result, the corpus ultimately assembled word has been encountered in the past (Just and Car- was not a random sample of a domain but a sample penter 1987). Words that are encountered most fre- based in part on the probability of exposure to this ma- quently in a language are processed with the greatest terial by high school and first-year college students and speed. It has been demonstrated that frequently occur- in part on the ease with which machine-readable text ring words are easier to recognize during a brief presen- could be obtained. The original goal was to collect at tation (Howes and Solomon 1951), It has also been least five million words of running text, the same size as shown that frequently occurring words take less time the American Heritage corpus. Because of recent devel- to classify (Rubenstein, Garfield, and Millikan 1970; opments in electronic publishing, the study exceeded Glanzer and Ehrenreich 1979). Just and Carpenter this goal. Over 14 million words of text were ultimately (1980) studied the relationship between word frequency collected. This places the corpus close to the size of the and what they termed "gaze duration," the amount of Thorndike and Lorge combined count. time a reader spends looking at a word. They found that more frequently occurring words had a lower mean Vocabulary Acquisition gaze duration than did less frequently occurring words. Other researchers have confirmed these findings Although there arc many methodological problems in (Rayner 1983; Gordon 1985). estimating the size of any given person's vocabulary It is clear from these studies that the time required (Anderson and Freebody 1981), it has been estimated to read and understand a word is related to its norma-
2 7 tive frequency in the language. The relationship is not a Sometimes publications receive considerable atten- direct one, however, because other factors are also in- tion from the public, as indicated by best-seller lists. volved, including the context in which the word is These publications often affect what is taught and the found, the recency of encounters with the same or sim- specific reading materials used in secondary and post- ilar words, and the complexity of the word family with secondary institutions. Accordingly, best-selling books which the word is associated. Anderson and Frcebody were also included in the compilation. In 1987, the year (1981) have proposed that a better metric of frequency in which the present investigation began, a hook by would be counts of occurrences of word families rather Hirsch (1987) on cultural literacy became a national than individual words. Graves, Ryder, Slater, and best-seller.It contained a detailed list of books and Ca !fee (1987) conducted a study of word families that topics that the author and his associates believed should indicated that this approach can he used to predict be taught in U.S. schools and colleges. While such rec- word knowledge. There is also some evidence that the ommendations cannot be taken as a guide to what is ac- difficulty of a word is related to the age at which the tually read and studied, they do provide useful evidence. word was originally acquired (Carroll and White 1973). A best-selling book does quite often influence what is That is, a word learned in childhood may be more easily read or studied. remembered than a word learned later in life. This phe- nomenon may be the result of having had more experi- ence with words learned earlier. Thus, while word fre- Compilation of Works quency is clearly related to word difficulty, other factors also come into play. As a result, word frequency can Thcse various sources of information were used to de- only be an approximation of word difficulty. velop a compilation of works. Twelve different cate- gories of text were examined: high school textbooks, college textbooks, British literature, American litera- ture, world literature, popular literature, nonfiction, bi Text Sampling ography, autobiography, historical documents, speeches and influential writings, and periodicals and encyclope- Procedures dias. Some of the sources used for the compilation listed only authors, others only specific works, and others It was not considered necessary to conduct a formal both. In the course of this compilation it became ap- survey for the purposes of this study since curriculum parent that some authors are better known than their surveys arc regularly made by a number of agencies and specific works while some specific works are better institutions, curriculum guides are published by most known than their authors. Once the compilation of states, reading lists are developed by many schools, and works was completed, it was then possible to develop various publications contain recommendations about rankings of the most frequently cited authors and what should be read by students at various grade levels. works. In addition, curriculum surveys are routinely conducted in support of various College Board programs, such as the Advanced Placement (AP) Program and the College- Leading Authors Level Examination Program (CLEP). These surveys were used as a starting point in identifying textbooks Table 1 lists leading authors by the number of sources used in recent years. Surveys conducted by other orga- citing an author as actually studied or recommended, as nizations and institutions were used as well. A particu- a best-seller, etc. Points were determined by counting larly useful survey was one conducted by Applebec the number of citations and by giving some authors (1989) of book-length works used in high schools. more weight depending on the prominence they were Curriculum guides were obtained from a number of given in the source and the recency and significance of state education departments. A list of textbooks and the source. For example, a citation by a national source other reading materials used during late 1987 was then such as the National Endowment for the Humanities compiled. National organizations, such as the National was given more weight than an appearance on a Endowment for the Humanities, as well as individual summer reading list for an individual school or college. secondary and postsecondary institutions, develop By this method of ranking, Mark Twain obtained the reading lists that are distributed to teachers and stu- most points, with Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ernest Hem- dents. Over 30 such reading lists were obtained and the ingway, Charles Dickens, and William Shakespeare materials in them were added to the master list devel- close behind. Table 1 also indicates which of the leading oped from the curriculum guides. authors were sampled and for which complete works
3 TABLE1 Lxpectations, and Hamlet also ranking very high. The complete text of all these works, with the exception of Leading Authors --- Lori' of the Flies, was included in the word sample. Author Points Author Points Table 2 includes only ...those works receiving eight or Mark 'Ruin** 28 William Wordsworth" 2 Nathaniel I lawthorne* " 26 Robert 1 ouis Stevenson* 2 mor:t points, although the same ranking procedure was Ernest I Into ingwa y 25 I eo Tokio).* 2 cont inued down to four or more points and efforts were Charles Dickens*" 24 Anton (:hekov William Shakespear "' 24 William Golding mane to include as many of the high-ranking works as John Stembeck" 22 Rudyard Kipling 1 pos As for authors, a number of less well-known F. Scott Eit/gerald" 21 lack I ondon' J lane 20 J. R. R. 'Iolkien woks by women and minority authors were sampled ISVph (:OMA* * 20 Edith Wharton* even though they did not rank high by the procedures
George Orwell' 20 Walt Whitman*" 1 \William Faulkner*" 9 James Baldwin* 0 us«.1. Thomas !lardy"' Robert Browning I lenrik Ibsen* l) Emily Dickinson Ilerman 9 Ralph Waldo Emerson* I) Emily Brume' It Anne Frank` I) Other Materials Sampled Stephen Crane" it John Keats* Il Arthur Miller* 8 John Knowles* I) J. I). Salinger* 8 Sinclair Lewis* I) Table 3 shows the textbook types, periodicals, and Jonathan Swift' 8 Mary Shelley* other materials sampled. Selections from textbooks and I loner" William Blake*" l) Edgar Allan Poe' Daniel Defoe** N other titles were obtained from samples developed for George Bernard Shaw 7' 1 lermann l) Harper Lee' t, Franz Kafka 9 9 Ileery David lhoreau 6 I). II. Lawrence yodor Dostoyevski" .5 Alan Paton' 9 Sophocles Erich Nlaria Remarque 9 T. S. Eliot 4 I larriet Beecher Stowe" 9 FABLE 2 Benjamin Franklin" 4 II. G. Wells 9 tenry James** 4 Oscar Wilde" 9 Leading Works Ray Bradbury" 3 Thomas Wolfe" 9 .. Charlotte Biome* t Herman Wouk ' C) Work oints Work Points 9 George Eliot"' 3 William Butler Yeats" The Starlet Letter" 26 Invisible Slam" 10 Ralph llison* 3 Samuel Beckett" 8 huckleberry [inn** 24 My Antonia 10 3 Robert Frost' laird Byron 8 '11w Great Gatsby*" sl Native Son* 10 Aldous Huxley' 1 Isvis Carroll" 8 Lord of the Hies* 8 Nineteen Eighty-lour 10 amcs Joyce** 3 1,11111'S Fenimore Cooper* 8 Great xpectations** 7 A Portrait of the Artist I Thornton Wilder" Daphne Du Maurier" 8 !Emilie* as a Young :skin' 10 Tennessee \Williams 1 Carson McCullers* To Kill a Mockingbird" 7 Walden" 10 Richard Wright* 3 lames Islichener" The Grapes of Wrath' I or Whom the Bell 'lolls* 10 2 Willa Cather" Flannery O'Connor" 8 The Odyssey" 6 All Quiet on the Miguel de Cervantes* 2 Plato 8 Wuthering Ileights" Western Front 9 Geoffrey Chaucer 2 Antoine de SaintExupery" 8 Catcher in the Rye S Canterbury Tales 9 A. Conan Doyle" 2 Aleksandr Solthenitsyn* 8 The Crucible" 5 A Christmas Carol" 9 John Milton" 2 Alfred Lord Tennyson 8 9 Gulliver's Travels" S Cry, the Beloved Country 'Sampled. Julius Caesar*. 5 David Copperfield" 9 9 -At least one Lompleie work sampled. 01 Nfice and Men' S Dr. Jekyll and NI r.I lyde The Old Man and the Sea* S Don Quixote* Pride and Prejudice*" Ethan Ironic' The Red Badge of The Stranger Courage* S 'Hie Son Also Rises* were sampled. Although the list in Table 1is limited to Romeo and Juliet** 5 Uncle Tom's Cabin* those authors with eight points or more, ranking was Death of a Salesman* 4 Alice in Wonderland*' 8 A Doll's House* 4 Autobiography*" 8 continued clown to authors with four or more points Macbeth** 4 Babbitt** It and authors with the most points were sampled Our Town* 4 'Hie Brothers Karamazos 8 A Tale of 'Two Cities" 'the Call of the Wild* 8 when machine-readable text was available. Because Billy Budd* I The Caine Mutiny* 8 such a ranking procedure tend3 to favor older, well- Crime and Punishment" .1 A Farewell to Arms' 8 Moby-Dick"" 3 The Iliad known authors, a number of women and minority au- Pygmalion Lord Jim"" 8 thors not ranked high by this procedure were sampled Tess of the D'Urbervilles** 3 1 he Mayor of Casterbridge" 8 Brave New World` 'Hie Merchant of Venice 8 as well. The Diary of Anne Frank" 2 A Midsummer Night's Heart of Darkness" 2. Dream** 8 Oedipus Rex 2 Oliver Twist" 8 The Pearl* 2 Othello 8 Leading Works Tom sawyer.. 2 Rebecca*" 8 Jane Eyre* I Robinson Crusoe* Table 2 lists the leading works ranked by the same A Separate Peace' 0 Silas fAarner** 8 The Bible** 0 Waiting for Godot"' 8 method. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne Black Boy' 0 War and Peace" 8 was the highest-ranked individual work, with Huckle- "Sampled. berry Finn, The Great Gatsby, Lord of the Flies, Great *Complete work sampled.
4 BEST COPY AVAILABLE TART F..3 Textbooks, Periodicals, and Ocher Materials Sampled Textbook 'types Periodicals Other Materials Art Ai lantic I he Academic American Eni..).t.lopeklia Biology Christian Science Monitor Div Articles of ( mitiederation°* ,tad It ()mimics I adies I lone Journal ('o111111011 Sense'' ( folustry I is 1.11e Declaration of liklepentlet.0n' tnglishoinposition and I 'tyranny MacNeil/I chrer News Report The Federalist Pap( is** 60erninent Nation lelleron's First Inaugural Address' ° I listory National RVVICVN 1 he :slattila Carte*
I'Ii}stts New Rertiblii. The MaYflower:01111,41' Psychology Newsweek I he Monroe Doctrine* Science New l'ork 'I lilies 1 he ll.S, Constitution "' People maganne Waslungtim's Farewell Address'. Sports Illustrated Wadungton% First Inaugural Address- -I line WOrld Report \X'ashington Post
test the Degrees of Reading Power (DRP) program, formerly Academic American Encydopedia available electroni- a College Board program, tow directed by Touchstone cally on CD-ROM as the Grolier Encyclopedia, the Applied Science Associates (TASA). Through a subcon- King James version of the Bible, and various historical tract with TASA, word frequency counts were obtained documents available in electronic form. for a large number of textbooks currently in use as well Periodical text was sampled through telecommuni- as other titles, although the complete text was not ob- cation connections with the information services' re- tained. In the DRP sampling procedure, the number of spective data bases. The most recemly available text samples analyzed fora given book depends onits was transmitted at a 2400-baud rate until adequate length. Fifteen samples are taken from hooks that are amounts from each periodical were obtained. Because 200 pages or longer, nine samples front hooks between of cost factors, smaller amounts of text were sampled IOU and 199 pages, six samples from hooks between 60 from those periodicals available only through NEXIS. and 99 pages, and three samples from hooks with fewer The Academic American Encyclopediatextwas sam- than 60 pages. pled using the list of topics in Hirsch (1987) as a guide. Whenever possible, each DRP sample starts at a "natural" beginning: the start of an assignment, the start of a chapter, after a subordinate heading, or the Sampled Text by Categories beginning of a paragraph. Each sample is 250 to 300 words long. All hooks are divided into sections. Five Table 4 summarizes all text sampled by categories. A sections are sampled in books 200 pages or longer, total of 14,360,884 words of running text was sampled. three sections ill books between 100 and 199 pages, and This makes the College Board corpus 14 times as large two sections in hooks between 60 and 99 pages. For as the Brown University corpus and almost three times hooks of less than 60 pages, the samples are taken front as large as the American Heritage corpus. Nagy, An- around the middle of the book (see TASA 1988 for derson, and Herman (1987) estimated that a typical more details on the sampling procedures). The textbook fifth-grade student reads roughly a million words per and other samples ol:ained from TASA are listed in Ap- year. If this rate of reading were constant over 12 years pendix B. of schooling, it could be expected that a student en The periodical text samples were developed from tering college would have been exposed to at least 12 two different sources. Most were obtained from DI- million words of text. Assuming that more reading is ALOG Information Services, but some periodicals were done in later years, the 14 million words of text sam- available only front the Mead Data Central NEXIS ser- pled are roughly the amount of text the average student vice. The other materials included samples from the is exposed to in 12 years of schooling.
k 5 ..-%.Nomilawriow
1'A111 F 4 (Baayen 1993). Because of the authors' familiarity with them, approacher,p.nosed originally by Herdan Text by Categories ( 1 960) and elaborated by Carroll (1967) wet.aced. (:ategory Number. nf IVIorilsPercent These approaches are based on a lognormal model of I IL lion(ategoris word frequency distributions. I. American novel.. anti snort 2,015,06" 14.2 2..Bluish inn el, and ',butt St1)11 2,215,012 15. The statistical computations followed the methods 1,()(111.1 Oild Short sitIFI( , 14,202 It described in Carroll, Davies, and Richman (1971), The 4. Poetry If 54,861 6.? 5.1)ra ma 418,020 following statistics were computed: 40.1 It A word type's total frequency in the corpus 1) An index of dispersion among the text cote- Nonfiction (:ategi ries Subit matter areas: gories, with a range from zero to1,0,1) is 6. Art anti architecture 274,205 based on the dispersion of the frequencies over 1111(graphy and autobiography n11,-51 .4 8. Business, eutituntit.,, and agriculture 1.'5,114 1.2 the 27 subject categories, D is zero when all oc- 9.Friglish language and lucrative 903,654 6.1 currences of the word type are in a single cate- 0. Geography 197,004 1.4 I. (overtunnt, law, and military 410,"60 1.0 gory. D can be as high as 1.0 if the frequencies 2.1 listory 471,344 1.1 are distributed among the 27 categories in .1.!sled:kJ:le and health 186,660 1.1 4. Music and the; er :706 exact proportion to the total number of tokens 5. Natural Sclenke 5.5 (words) in these categories, Between the ex- 6.itellr,i011, 11111111M111111', and mythology 1.2 Social sciences and education 1.8 tremes of zero and 1.0, values of 1) indicate de- 8. Sports and ):.uses 254,51" 1.8 grecs of dispersion. D is computed as follows: 4,81",10 I 1) iloga.Pd 02PiloBPdi /it Other Nonfiction: 866,918 631 Where 20. 11ible 7q1,316 5.5 number of categories, 21. [Ikon-it:al documents 124,274 , 22. Newspapers anti IdeVIMOI1 110\ h 196,74" I.4 = category number, i = 1, 2, . n. New,. Illar,11111(. 151,905 2.4 =probability of a token in the 4th 24. Pt dint:al tnaltatino. 613,6 -'6 4.1 25,I iterary magannes 252,23(1 1.8 category, 26. Popular magaiines 198,141 1.4 and 2. \X'otnell' 185,272 1.1 0 for pi = 0, 1,80, "0I 263 14,160,884 100.0 Portlier information on this index is given in Car- roll (I 970). U The estimated frequency per one pillion tokens. Table 4 shows that 40 percent of the text sampled LI is derived from F with an adjustment for 1). was fiction and 6(1 percent was nonfiction. The largest When 1) = 1.0, U is computed simply as the fre- fiction categories were American novels and short sto- quency per one million tokens. But when1)is ries and British novels and short stories with over 2 mil- less than 1.0, the value of U is adjusted down- lion words from each. Within the' nonfiction subject- ward. When D is zero, 1.1 has a minimum value matter areas, the' largest category was English language based on the average weighted probability of the and literature (almost a million words) and the smallest word type over the 27 subject categories. These was music and theater (less than one hund-ed thousand adjustments are made to better estimate the true words). frequency per one million tokens that would be found in a corpus of infinite size. LI is computed as follows: Computational U = (1,000,000/N) 1.14) + (1 - where Procedures N = total number of tokens in the corpus, fmin = 1/N times the sum of the products fi Over the many years that psycholinguists, statisticians, and si, where fi is the frequency in cat- and others have studied word frequency distributions, egory i and si is the number of tokens several different models have been developed to explain :n the category. the nature of these distributions. All of these models are SFI Standard Frequency Index = 10(logi0U + 10) imperfect, however, and all are based on the unrealistic Because base 10 logarithms are used, the SF/ assumption that, in language, words appear at random provides a convenient way of thinking about a
6 word's frequency. An SFI of 90 means that a mates third best (.9515). The mean absolutediscrepan- word can he expected to occur about once in ciesare also givenatthe bottom of Ta He .S: every 10 tokens, 80 means once in every100 Thorndike/Lorge = 2.6, American Heritage 4.0, and tokens, 70 once in every 1,000 tokens, etc., on College Board 2.3. These correlations and discrepan- down to an SFI of 10 where a word would cies suggest close agreement between the subjective and he expected to occur once in every one billion objective methods generally, although the discrepancies tokens. for individual words are at times substantial. This is particularly true of the lower frequency words for which the objective Sf:/s are less accurate and which are probably most difficult for judges to estimate. With re- Analysis of the College spect to the question of which of the estimates,subjec- tive or objective, is most valid, Carroll (1971, p. 11) Board Corpus noted: It can he argued that the subjective estimates are more A number of approaches may be used to examine the valid, on the grounds that objective frequency counts such as from a study accuracy of the word frequencies obtained the l'Iunfidike-1.orge count are subject to biases of various like this and to determine the relationship between kinds in sampling, in establishing units, etc., and that human word frequency and word difficulty. None of these ap- observers are better able to discolmt such biases. Furthermore, proaches is without problems, however, since all make the samples used in objective frequency counts, seldom more certain assumptions and all rely on imperfect dataas than a few million tokens, are small in contparison to the does this study. number of tokens experienced by the human observer over his lifetime. Comparisons with Subjective Even so, subjective estimates can be made for only a limited group of words that thejudges examine, while Estimates of Word Frequency objective estimates derived from word counts arc avail- able for all words encountered in the sample taken. Shapiro (1969) obtained subjective estimates of the word frequencies of 60 words selected to represent a wide range of frequency. Carroll (1971) and Carroll et Comparisons with Word al. (1971) reported comparisons between subjective es timates of 56 of these 60 words and o ijective frequen- Difficulty Estimates cies obtained from The rndike and Lorne (I 944), Kucera and Francis (1967), and Carroll etal. ((971). The Dale and O'Rourke (1981) conducted perhaps the most judges were 28 adults, IS of whom had experience in comprehensive word difficulty study available by actu- lexicography. The judges were asked :o "tell with num- ally :esting subjects in several grade levels On a large bers" how frequently these words occurred in written number of words. Not less than 200 subjects were English. Careful procedures were used to -void biases tested on each word, and many words were tested more (such as the effects of word order) and the judges were than 200 times. The tests were carefully constructed given practice words prior to judging the 56 selected with three-choice alternatives and the distracters were words. at the same level of familiarity as the wordstested. Tests Table S compares the subjective estimates with the were administered, initially, between 1954and 1960 in Thornlike and Lorge (TI.) frequencies (after conversion 41 states and 283 schools, Further testing was con- to SEls), the American Heritage (Ali) SEIvalues, and ducted after 1960 with about 320,000 additional stu- the College Board (CB) SFIs. For each comparison, the dents. A total of 44,000 words were ultimately tested in subjective estimates were adjusted so they had the same grades 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16. For purposes of comparison mean and standard deviation as the objective data.The with the College Board Vocabulary Study, the grade 12 Thorndike/Lorge and American Heritage comparisons data were used. come from Carroll et al. (1971). TheCollege Board Table 6 compares 20 words selected from the Dale values were computed in the same manner. The correla- and O'Rourke lists that were tested at the grade 12 tions, given at the bottom of Table 5, show that the Col- level. The words were randomly selected with some at- lege Board estimates correlated best with the subjective untion given to obtaining word:, from all parts of the estimates(.9798),the Thornclike/Lorge estimates alphabetical listing. U values for the four corpora are second best (.9660), and the American Heritage esti- given and, additionally, U values are given (in paren-
1 2 7 1A111.t.5
Comparisons between Subjective Estimates of Word Frequencies and Objective Estimates Basedon Word Counts WORD SEM 71. SEAH AU SECB CB DIFF DIFF DIFF 71. Ali CB the 84.4 88.4 90.0 88.6 86.1 87.8 -1.0 1.4 -1.7 and 82.0 84.5 86.7 84.2 83.4 85.2 -2.5 2.5 -1.8 of -9.8 85.6 83.6 84.5 80,9 85.0 -5.8 -0.9 -4.1 that 77,4 80.0 80.3 79,' 78.1 80.4 -2.6 (1.6 you 76.4 75,1 79.0 79.8 77.)) 75.8 1.3 -(1.8 1.2 as 76.2 78.5 78.- 78.0 76.8 78.7 -2.1 0.7 -(.9 7'.2 by -.6.1 78.5 75,9 76.7 77,1 -1.1 2.6 -((.4 %%hen 71.3 71.6 74.7 74.9 71.5 71.7 -0,1 -0.2 -0.2 each 71.4 69.4 -2.0 73.8 71.3 67.6 2.0 -1.8 3.7 after 71.2 70.2 71.7 70,6 71.1 70,6 1.0 I.) 0.5 other -1.0 "2.2 71.5 73.2 70.8 71.8 -1.2 -(.0 again 70.0 67.6 70.1 68.5 69.7 68.1 2.4 1.6 1.4 next 68.6 65.9 68.2 6-.2 :i8.1 64.9 2.7 1.0 3,2 few 66.- 67.7 63.5 67.1 65,9 66.1 -1.0 -1.6 -0.2 halt 65.- 64.3 64.1 64.5 64.8 64.6 1.4 -0.4 0.2 night 64.8 66.1 62.9 66.0 61.8 66.0 -1.3 -3.1 -2.2 early 64.1 65.6 62.0 64.0 63.0 64.- -1.5 -2.0 couple 63.4 60.8 61.0 55.1 62.2 56.7 2.6 5,9 5.5 price 63.1 60.1 60.6 56,6 61.8 39.8 2.8 4.0 2.0 result 62.8 61.8 60.2 60.2 61.5 61.1 -1.0 (1.0 0.4 list 61.8 61.2 58.- 63.3 60.4 55.8 0.6 -4.6 4.6 final 61.6 61.9 58.5 58.4 60.1 58.- -0.1 0.1 1,4 musts 61. i 61.3 58.4 61.8 6010 58.6 -1.8 -3,4 l.4 actual 61.1 6011 57,6 54.2 59.6 6(1.6 I.) 3.6 -1.0 suit 61.0 5-.6 56,9 59.4 59,4 4.1 (C 0.0 base 60.4 59.5 56.9 61.6 58.8 57.8 0.9 -4.7 (.0 ad dress 60.1 58.8 56.5 51.6 58.4 58.9 1.1 4.9 -0.5 spread 59. 1 59.1 55.1 59.8 57.5 59.5 0.2 -4.5 -2.0 humor 58.0 56.6 i i.6 50,6 56.0 54.2 1.4 311 1.8 scale 5-.0 52.2 59.3 54.9 56,3 _7,1 -1.4 5-.0 switch 51.8 52.2 52.2 54.9 48.1 5.2 0.0 6.8 56.1 55.6 viCtiin 51.2 49,7 54.1 5 3.1 0.7 1.5 1.0 swift 56.2 56.3 51,1 53.0 54.0 54.3 -0,1 -1.9 -((.3 superb 54.8 49.0 49.2 43.5 514 48.1 5.8 5.- 4.1 dissent 54.2 46.0 48.3 13.6 51.- .50.9 8.2 14.- 0.8 convert .54.0 54.0 48.1 47.7 51..5 5011 0.0 0.4 1.5 anchor 51.9 54.1 45.2 51.2 49.1 50.5 -2.2 -6.0 -1.4 charter 50.8 5 1.0 43.6 44.1 47.8 49.8 -2.2 -0.5 -2.0 stride 49.9 52.6 42..1 45.0 46.8 46.1 -2.7 ignite 49,7 4311 42.2 40.4 46.5 43.8 6.7 1.8 2:- heritage 49.1 49.0 41.1 47.7 45.9 51.0 0.1 -6.4 -5.1 thud 47.9 46.0 19,7 45.8 44.5 4.3,0 1.9 -6.1 (.5 skirmish 4',9 48.5 19.- 32.3 44.5 41.1 -0.6 7,4 3.2 volcano 47,9 51.5 39.6 51.9 44.5 44.0 -3.6 -12.3 0.5 straggle 45.2 4.8 3.52 22,9 41.4 45.2 0.4 12.9 -3.8 veterinary 44.7 40.0 .35.2 34.0 40.8 40.0 4.7 1.2 0.8 43.7 cryptic 40,0 13,9 20.2 39.7 40,4 3.7 11.7 -0.- mob late 43.4 19.8 13.4 22.1 19.4 44.0 3.6 11.1 -4.6 cloister 4 3.1 47.8 33.0 25.6 19,0 39,4 -4.7 7.4 -0.4
8 TABLES(continued) Comparisons between Subjective Estimates of Word Frequencies and Objective Estimates Based on Word Counts
WORD SETT. TI. SEAH AH SECB GB DIFF DIFF MIT IL AH GB shank 43.0 43.0 31.9 41.1 38.9 33 3 0.0 -8.2 5.6 dill 42.9 .18.2 32.7 37.8 38.8 3.5.5 4.7 -5.1 3.1 vicar 39.8 44.8 28.4 30.2 35.3 45.1 -5.0 -1.8 -9.8 ocular 37.3 37.9 25.0 26.0 .32.4 .34,6 -0.6 -1.0 -2.2 38.9 torpor .35.0 21.9 20.8 29.8 38.1 -3,9 1.1 -8.3 pachyderm .30.0 35.9 15.0 20.7 24.1 20.3 -5.9 3.8 echidna 20.6 .33.5 2.0 20.2 1.3.4 15.8 -12.9 -18.2 -2.4
Mean 57.6 57.6 53.0 51.0 55.6 55.6 11.0 0.0 0.0 .5.D. 1.3.5 1.3.5 18.6 18.6 14.4 15.4 3.5 5.8 3.1
Mean absolute difference 2.6 4.0 2..3
Abbreviations: SECI1 : Subject's e estimate adjusted to CB mean and standard SE : Subjective estimate of ';1.1 deviation TI. : 'Fhorndike/lorge estimate of SF/ DIFF : Subjective estimate of SF! minus TI.Al 1, or CB estimate All American }lei-nage estimate of NH Correlations: C0 : College Board estimate of SFI SEAR versus A1-1, r = .9515 ,111. : Subjective estimate adjusted to T1, mean and standard SE it versus r= .96611 deviation SRA sepals CB, r= .9798 SEA11 : Subjective estimate adjusted to Al I mean and standard deviation
TABLE6 Comparisons of Dale and O'Rourke Word Difficulties and U Values for Four Corpora Word Ease* U Values Word (percent) TI. GB AH KF
I.misgiving 94 5.11 4.32 (2.361 .79 ( .25) 4.9.3
2. aftermath 90 1.44 4.74 (3.4.3) .79 I.28) 3.94 .3. abdicate 85 3.00 3.41 (1.79) 1.38( .55) .00 4. idoli/e 79 5.05 5.50 (2.87) .59( .05) 1.97
5. adamant 76 2.05 .(.34 (2.13) .79 ( .23) 5.92 6. zenith 76 4.33 2.78 (2.(6) (.38( .70) 5.92 accost 69 2.22 2.92 (1.60) .20 ( .05) 2.96 8. novice 64 4.44 1.88 (1.85) .79( .11) 2.96
9. demoniac 61 .61 1.18 (.4.3) .00( .00) 1.97 10. theism 59 .39 1.04( .17) .00 .00) .99
I I.entomology 55 2.17 2.30 ( .98) 1.38( .29) .99 12. pivotal 52 .22 1.39( .961 .79( .32) .99 13. virility 1.56 .77( .43) 1.18I .28)
14. entente 4 1.39 .84( .261 .00 ( .001 .00 15. aeon (eon) 44 ,56 .90l .30) 1.40( .40) .00 16. wraith 34 .83 .56( .16) .39( .061 1.97
17. flotsam .30 .33 .49( .20) .98 ( .27) .00 18. lionize 23 .00 .62( .16) .00 (.0(1) 1.97 19. plethora 19 .70 .46) .00 ( .00) .00
20. xenophobia 17 .00 .63 ( .19) .20 ( .01) 1.97
Correlation with Word Ease .74 .85 ( 841 .38( .44) .55
The percentage of grade 12 students responding correctly to a three-option question asking about the definition of the word. Note: For (..13 and Al I, the 11 values in parentheses are corrected for di,permon.
1 4 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 9 theses) that have been corrected for dispersion. The forms of the BWVT (varying in difficulty level) were ad- Dale and O'Rourke lists give the percentage of exami- ministered to 3,100 students in grades 6 through 12 and nees responding correctly to the test question. Thus to adults. The subjects were from 11 to 61 years old and these percentages represent the opposite of word diffi- their education ranged from the sixth grade to the doc- culty, or "Word Ease," as indicated in the table. The toral level. On the basis of the data obtained, the 123 percentages range from 94 for the easiest word ("mis- words were rank-ordered by difficulty and statistical giving") to 17 for the most difficult ("xenophobia"). analyses were conducted to demonstrate the reliability The corpora areidentifiedinthetableas and validity of the test. (Thorndike/Lorge combined count), CB (College Table 7 shows a comparison of word difficulties as Board), AH (American Heritage), and KF (Kucera/ developed by Dupuy (1974) with word frequency esti- Francis). The Thorndike/Lorge combined corpus con- mates. Only 20 of the 123 ranked words are included in tains approximately 18 million words, the College Table 7 to allow for reasonable gaps in difficulty be- Board corpus 14,360,884 words, the AH corpus tween words. As with the Table 6 comparisons, U 5,088,721 words, and the Kucera/Francis corpus values adjusted for dispersion are given (in parentheses) 1,014,000 words. Some words did not appear in all of for the College Board and American Heritage counts. the corpora and thus have U values of zero. Correlations with Word Ease for each of the corpora The bottom of Table 6 shows correlations with are given at the bottom of Table 7. These correlations Word Ease for the word frequencies from each of the show that the largest corpora, as in Table 6, tend to four corpora. As would be expected, the larger corpora, yield the highest correlations. As with the compari- Thorndike/Lorge and College Board, yielded the highest sons in Table 6, there is very little difference in the cor- correlations. The recency of the College Board corpus relations obtained with and without the correction for probably explains the higher correlation of .85 for it dispersion. (versus .74 for ThorndikeThorge). Since Tables 6 and 7 both show that the highest The U values corrected for dispersion (in paren- correlations with word difficulty occurred for the Col- theses for College Board and American Heritage) yield lege Board and Thorndike/Lorge corpora, both of correlations similar to the uncorrected U values, sug- which were relatively large in comparison to the Amer- gesting that the correction for dispersion is not impor- ican Heritage and Kucera/Francis corpora, corpus size tant overall even though it may be for individual words. may generally be more important than either sampling There are clearly inaccuracies in the Dale and O'Rourke precision or the recency of the data collection. For some estimates because, with only three options, examinees individual words, however, the recency of the data col- could guess with 33 percent accuracy and the distrac- lection is of paramount importance, as the next section tors were not of uniform effectiveness. Note, in Table 6, demonstrates. that only 17 percent correctly answered "xenophobia" even though guessing alone would have yielded 33 per- cent. Note also that some words, like "theism," seemed Comparisons of Selected Words more difficult than the Dale and O'Rourke difficulties indicated, suggesting that guessing among the three As stated in the Introduction to this report, the College available options may have been a factor. Board corpus was developed because of inadequacies in Another useful comparison is with a list of words of existing corpora. They were out-of-date, too small, or varying difficultylevel developed by the National focused on younger age groups. Table 8 illustrates the Center for Health Statistics (Dupuy 1974). This list of advantages of an up-to-date corpus by showing the dif- words was created by initially taking a one percent ferences in U values obtained for selected words. Some random sample of words from several dictionaries. of these words were included because they were consid- Second, this sample was reduced in size by the elimina- ered to he in more frequent use now than at the time the tion of compound or hyphenated words, proper nouns, Thorndike/Lorge corpus was developed (the 1920s and abbreviations, technical words, foreign words, slang, 1930s). Eight of the words do not appear at all in the and archaic usages. Derived, variant, and redundant Thorndike/Lorge corpus, seven do not appear in the words were also deleted to arrive at a list of 123 basic American Heritage corpus, and seven do not appear in words. Third, these basic words were ased to develop a the Kucera /Francis corpus. In some cases, a word does Basic Word Vocabulary Test (BWVT) in which the cor- not appear because it is a recently coined term. In other rect responses were all either of the same level of diffi- cases, a word does not appear because of the relatively culty as the word being tested or a lower level of diffi- small size of the corpus. These two factors, corpus age culty. Estimates of probable difficulty were made using and corpus size, undoubtedly interact. The word the Thorndike/Lorge combined count. Finally, various "telecommunications,"for example, was probably
10 TABLE 7 Comparisons of BWVT Word Difficulties and U Values for Four Corpora U Values All KF Word Word Ease* TL CB 499.00 (434.0(1) 387.70 I.car 123 178.90 121.30 (98.27) 13.00( 8.97) 27.60 2. witness Ill 60.70 68.90 (.57.17) 26.90(24.23) 46.40 3. advice 102 62.80 44.00 (38.73) 28.30 (25.04) 46.40 4.tremendous 97 34.70 24.40 (21.45) 17..50(14.71) 46,40 5, abandon 91 38.00 36.70 (34.42) 1.40( .58) 3.90 6. mutiny 87 6.60 4.70 (4.12) 4.71) 3.90 ( 1.13) 13.80 7.ghetto 82 6.70 8.80 3.64) 4.52 ( 1.60) 12.80 8. juvenile 77 .5.10 6.10 ( 1.60 ( .84) .99 9.aghast -1 4.20 2.10 (1.03) 5.53) 2.00 ( .67) 19.70 10.curriculum 65 1.90 10.20 ( 1.80( .47) 10.85 II.faction 62 8.50 17.10 (12.92) .20( .01) .99 12.potpourri 56 .40 .21( .04) 7.45(6.09) .40 ( .11) 2 00 13. destitute .52 6.40 .20 ( .011 2.00 14.bastion 46 1.80 1.46 (.71) 3.13( 1.40) 1.60( .82) 2.0(1 I.S. trajectory 42 .30 .20( .01) .00 16.pomander 37 .00 .07 (.00) .'..00 1.11 ( .73) .00 1 .00) 17.fetid 32 .80 .99 1.88( .40( .02) 18. scintillate 25 .90 .46) .20( .01) 4.91 19.glib 21 2.10 2.16 (1.06) .00 ( .00) 3.00 20.redact s .20 .90 (.06) .55 Correlation with Word Ease .70 .74 ( .75 ) .48( .47) Rank when ordered by degree of difficulty with 123 other words. Note: For CRand Ali, the values in parentheses are corrected for dispersion.
TABI.F. 8 rarely used in the 1930s when the Thorndike/ Lorge corpus was completed. On the otherhand, it was prob- Comparisons of Selected Words in Different Corpora ably in use in 1966 when the Kucera/Francis samples Word U Value were collected and in 1970 when theAmerican Heritage TL. CB AH Kh samples were taken. Had the American Heritage and Kucera/Francis corpora been larger, a word like Year Published 1944 1994 1971 1967 Tokens (millions) /8 14 5 1 telecommunications probably would have appeared. 1.environment 13.89 73.40 63.08 .53.25 Words like "ecology" and "racism" are clearly in more 2.electron 1.50 62.19 41.46 39.45 frequent use today than in previous years. The compar- 3.organic 8.06 32.87 11.59 40.43 isons in Table 8 emphasize the importance of collecting 4.immune 5.39 24.10 7.07 8.88 up-to-date data. 5.ethnic .28 19.57 2.55 12.82 6.ecology .00 12.05 5.90 1.97 7.racism .00 6.76 1.57 .99 8.telecommunications .00 5.36 .00 .00 References 2.39 3.62 .20 .00 9.vial Anderson, R. C., and P. Freebody. 1981. "Vocabulary Knowl- .59 1.97 10.Zionism .50 3.62 edge." InComprehension and Teaching: Research Re- .99 11.torpid 1.56 3.62 .20 views,ed. J. T. Guthrie. Newark, Del.: International 12.prosaic 2.61 3,55 .59 1.97 Reading Association. 13.blithe 7.22 2.92 .59 4.43 Applehee, A. N. 1989.A Study of Book-Length Works Albany, N.Y.: 14.hegemony .33 2.65 .20 .99 Taught in High School English Courses. 15. Chicano .00 1.60 .00 .00 Center for the Learning and Teaching of Literature, State .00 .00 University of New York. 16.byte .00 1.25 Baayen, H. 1993. "Statistical Models for Word Frequency 17.lugubrious .39 1.11 .00 .00 Distributions: A Linguistic Evaluation."Computers and 18.paparazzi .00 .35 .00 .00 the Humanities26:347-63. 19.hubris MO .35 .00 .99 Brown, R. 1958. "How Shall a Thing Be Called?"Psycholog- 20. oxymoron .00 .21 .00 .00 ical Review65:14-21.
16 11 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Carroll, J. B. 1967. "On Sampling from a Lognormal Model Just, M. A., and P. A. Carpenter. 1987. The Psychology of of Word Frequency Distribution."In Computational Reading and Language Comprehension. Boston: Allyn Analysis of Present-Day American English, ed. H. Kucera and Bacon. and W. N. Francis, pp. 406-24. Providence: Brown Uni- Kibby, M. W. 1977. "A Note on the Relationship of Word versity Press. Difficulty and Word Frequency." Psychological Reports Carroll, J. B. 1970. "An Alternative to Juilland's Usage Coef- 41:12-14. ficient for Lexical Frequencies, and a Proposal for a Stan- Kirkpatrick, J. J., and E. E. Cureton. 1949. "Vocabulary Item dard Frequency Index (SF1)." Computer Studies in the Difficulty and Word Frequency," Journal of Applied Psy- Humanities and Verbal Behavior 3(21:August. chology 33:347-51. Carroll, J. B. 1971. "Measurement Properties of Subjective Kucera, H., and W. N. Francis.1967. Computational Magnitude Estimates of Word Frequency." Journal of Analysis of Present-Day American English. Providence, Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 10:722-29. R.1.: Brown University Press. Carroll, J. B., P. Davies, and B. Richman. 1971. The American Lorge, I., and J. Chall. 1963. "Estimating the Size of Vocabu- Heritage Word Frequency Book. New York: American laries of Children and Adults: An Analysis of Method. Heritage Publishing. ological Issues." Journal of Experimental Education Carroll, J. B., and M. N. White. 1973. "Age of Acquisition 32:147-57. Norms for 220 Picturahle Nouns." Journal of Verbal Marks, C. B., M. J. Doctorow, and M. C. Wittrock. 1974. Learning and Verbal Behavior 12:563-76. "Word Frequency and Reading Comprehension." Clark, F.. V. 1983. "Meanings and Concepts." In Handbook Journal of Educational Research 67:259-62. of Child Psychology (Fourth Edition). P. H. Mussen, McKeown, NI. G., and M. E. Curtis. 1987. The Nature of Vo- Volume II, Cognitive Development (J. H. Flavel and E. cabulary Acquisition. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlhaum. M. Markman, editors). New York: Wiley. Nagy, W. E., and R. C. Anderson. 1984. "How Many Words Dale, E., and J. O'Rourke. 1981. The Living Word Vocabu- Arc There in Printed School English?" Reading Research lary (Second Edition). Chicago: World Book-Childcraft Quarterly 19:304-30. International. Nagy, W. E., R. C. Anderson, and P. A. Herman. 1987. Dupuy, H. 1974. The Rationale, Development, and Standard- "Learning Word Meanings from Context during Normal ization of a Basic Word Vocabulary Test. Washington, Reading." American Educational Research Journal D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. (DHEW Publica- 24:237-70. tion No. HRA 74-1334.) Rayner, K. (Ed.). 1983. Eye Movements in Reading: Percep- Francis, W. N., and H. Kucera. 1982. Frequency Analysis of tual and Language Processes. New York: Academic English Usage: Lexicon and Grammar. Boston: Hough- Press. ton Mifflin. Rubenstein, H., L. Garfield, and J. A. Millikan. 1970. "Ho- Glanzer, M., and S.L. Ehrenreich. 1979. "Structure and mographic Entries in the Internal Lexicon." Journal of Search of the InternalLexicon." Journal of Verbal Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 9:487-94. Learning and Verbal Behavior 18:381-98. Seashore, R. H., and L. 1). Eckerson. 1940. "The Measure- Gordon, B. 1985. "Subjective Frequency and the Lexical De- ment of Individual Differences in General English Vocab- cision Latency Function: Implications for Mechanisms ularies." Journal of Educational Psychology 31:14-38. of Lexical Access," Journal of Memory and Language Shapiro, B. J. 1969. "The Subjective Estimation of Relative 24:631-45. Word Frequency." Journal of Verbal Learning and Gough, P. B. 1984. "Word Recognition." In Handbook of Verbal Behavior 8:248-51. Reading Research, ed. P. I)Pearson. New York: Long- Solomon, R. L., and D. H. Howes. 1951. "Word Frequency, man. Personal Values, and Visual Duration Thresholds." Psy- Graves, M. F., R. R. Ryder, W. H. Slater, and R. C. Calfee. chological Review 58:256-70. 1987. "The Relationship Between Word Frequency and Sternberg, R. J., and J. S. Powell. 1983. "Comprehending Reading Vocabulary Using Six Metrics of Frequency." VerbalComprehension."American Psychologist Journal of Educational Research 81:81-90. 38:873-93. Herdan, G.1960. Type-Token Mathematics. The Hague: TASA 1988. Readability of Textbooks (Eighth Edition). Mouton. Brewster, N.Y.: Touchstone Applied Science Associates. Hirsch, E. 1)., Jr. 1987. Cultural Literacy: What Every Amer- Thorndike, E. L., and I. Lome. 1944. The Teacher's Word ican Needs to Knw. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin. Book of 30,000 Words. New York: Bureau of Publica- Howes, D. H. 1954. "On the Interpretation of Word Fre- tions, Teachers College, Columbia University. quency as a Variable Affecting the Speed of Recogni- Tomayo, J. M. 1987. "Frequency of Useas a Measure of tion."lournal of Experimental Psychology 48:106 -12, Word Difficulty in Bilingual Vocabulary Test Construc- Howes, D. H., and R. L. Solomon. 1951. "Visual Duration tion and Translation." Educational and Psychological Thresholds as a Function of Word Probability." Journal Measurement 47:893-902. of Experimental Psychology 41:401-1(1. Werner, H., and E. Kaplan. 1952. "The Acquisition of Word .lust, M. A., and P.A. Carpenter.1980. "A Theory of Meanings: A Developmental Study." Monographs of the Reading: From Eye Fixations to Comprehension." Psy- Society for Research in Child Development, No. 51. chological Review 87:329-54.
12 and other publications. See College Board Appendix A: (1983-1987).
Materials Surveyed for APR A. Philip Randolph High School. Partial list of authors studied and reported in Bennett the College Board (1987).
Vocabulary Study ATBSAll-time best-sellers up to 1895 reported in Hackett (1977). The attached lists of reading materials* represent the domain from which text was sampled for the study. BS ikst-selling books published in the United Sampling was based on the educational importance States between 1894 and 1975 reported in of materials as indicated by their actual use in edu- Hackett (1977). cational settings, by recommendations for their use, and by the probability that students will have been C Columbia University Freshman Book List: exp used to the materials. To aid in the identification Must Reading, Fall 1986 and Spring 1987. of the most important materials, codes suggestive of Published in The New York Times, 1987. importance are included with each item listed. These codes are described below. In general, listings with CA Textbooks used in several California school many codes were considered the most important districts in 1987. ones at the time this list was compiled (1989), but there may also he important listings with only a few CLEPCollege-Level Examination Program text- codes. A relatively recent work, for example, may be books listed in 1987 CLEP guide and identi- less well known and thus have been cited less fre- fied by subject-matter specialists as most quently in curriculum guides and other sources. widely used. See College Board (1987). Separate lists of materials are included in the fol- lowing order: CLC1Center for the Learning and Teaching of Lit- 1 High school textbooks erature. One of the 10 most popular authors 2.College textbooks or titles required in Catholic schools sur- 3.Literature, Popular Titles, Autobiographies, veyed in 1988 by Applebee (1989). Biographies, Speeches, and Influential Writings CLC2 Center for the Learning and Teaching of Lit- 4.Historical Documents erature. Title required by 30 percent or 5.Periodicals and Encyclopedias more of Catholic schools surveyed in 1988 by Applehee (1989).
Codes CLC3Center for the Learning and Teaching of Lit- erature. Title required in some Catholic AAP Association of American Publishers. List of schools surveyed by Applebee (1989). commonly used high school textbooks ob- tained from AAP School Division in 1987. CL11 Center for the Learning and Teaching of Lit- erature. One of the 10 most popular authors Al A American Library Association. List of hooks or titles required in independent schools sur- for the college -hound recommended by the veyed in 1988 by Applebee (1989). National Education Association. See Amer- ican Library Association (1984). CLI2 Center for the Learning and Teaching of Lit- erature. Title required by 30 percent or AP Advanced Placement Program college text- more of independent schools surveyed in books recommended in AP Teacher's Guides 1988 by Applebee (1989).
*The works and authors listed in this appendix are presented CLI3 Center for the Learning and Teaching of Lit- as copied from the sources indicated. The accuracy of these erature. Title required in some independent secondary sources has not been verified. schools surveyed by Applehee (1989). I.3 13 CLMCenter for the Learning and Teaching of Lit- IN An extended list of books recommended for erature. Title required in public schools with reading by Isidore Newman private sec- 25 percent minority enrollment surveyed by ondary school, New Orleans, La., 1980. Applebee (1989). MA Milton Academy summer reading lists. CLP1 Center for the Learning and Teaching of Lit- erature. One of the 10 most popular authors MACBest-selling college textbooks of the or titles required in public schools surveyed Macmillan Publishing Company. in 1988 by Applebee (1989). NAEPNational Assessment of Educational CLP2Center for the Learning and Teaching of Lit- Progress (1987). Bcoks or authors men- erature. Title required by 30 percent or tioned in test items from the 1986 Literature more of public schools surveyed in 1988 by and History assessment. Applebee (1989). NAL New American Library Publishing Com- CLP3 Center for the Learning and Teaching of Lit- pany. Top-selling books nationwide (in erature. Title required in some public 1989) according to NAL's Educational Sales schools surveyed by Applebee (1989). Manager. (NAL Publishers consists of: Signet, Onyx, Signet Vista, Signet Classics, CPI CLEP Literature Survey: Authors studied Mentor, DAW Books, Plume, Meridian, "often" by 50 percent or more of over 200 Meridian Classics, NAL Books, and teachers surveyed nationally in 1985. Dutton.)
CP2 CLEP Literature Survey: Authors studied NC Textbooks adopted in the state of North "often" by 30 SO percent of over 200 Carolina. See North Carolina Department of teachers surveyed nationally in 1985. Public Education (1987).
CSBECalifornia State Board of Education, Cali-NCTENational Council of Teachers of English fornia Assessment Program State Recom- (1985). List of books recommended for high mended Reading Lists, Grades 9-12. See school students. California State Board of Education (1985). NE Suggested precollege reading, New England EAC English Advisory Committee of the College Association of Teachers of English (1981). Board. Additional writers and works sug- Based on a survey of 114 New England col- gested in November 1988. leges. Consists of 107 literary works recom- mended for reading before entering college. EBS Early best-sellers reported in Hackett (1977). NEH Reading suggested by the National Endow- ment for the Humanities (1984). Based on a ETS List of best-selling textbooks compiled at national survey conducted in 1984 of 400 Educational Testing Service in 1985. teachers, professors, writers, historians, journalists, and cultural leaders. Resulted in FL Textbooks adopted in the state of Florida. list of top 30 authors and literary works See Florida Department of Education high school students should know. (1987). NEH2Summertime Favorites. Reading list devel- GN A list of 100 top books recommended for oped by die National Endowment for the reading by Isidore Newman private sec- Humanities and based on reading lists used ondary school, New Orleans, La., 1980. in 60 schools.
H Books or authors listed by Hirsch (1987). NYT1The New York Times list of hest-selling col- lege textbooks, by Edwin McDowell, pub- IL Textbooks or readings used in one of several lished in 1987. Illinois schools or districts, 1988.
14 NYT2 Writers featured inThe New York Timesar- American Literature, (AAP, CA, FL, ticle, dated June 5,1988. Chronological ed., Carlsen et al. IL, OK, OR) McGraw-Hill, 1985.
OK Textbooks adopted in the state of Okla- American Literature, Thematiced., (AAP, CA, Ft., homa, 1987-88. See Oklahoma State De- Carlsen et al. McGraw-Hill, 1985. OK, OR) partment of Education (1987). McDougal, Littell Literature Series: (AAP, CA, (Yellow Level), Hollenheck and FL, OK, OR, OR Textbooks adopted in the state of Oregon, Johnson. McDougal, Littcl, 1984. NC) 1985-86. See Oregon State Textbook Com- mission (1985). United States in Literature: (AAP, CA, FL, Red Badge of Courage, 11,, NC, OK, PP Recommendations for education reform Christensen et al. Scott, OR) containing lists of books to he studied by Foresman, 1985. high school students nationwide. See Adler United States in Literature: (AAP, CA, Fl., (1984). Three Long Stories,Christensen IL, NC, OK, et al. Scott, Foresman, 1985. OR) RH Random House list of 10 leading college textbooks (all publishers). Obtained from English Grammar and Composition Director of Sales, College Division. Advanced Composition: A Book (OK, OR) of Models for Writing, Complete RHL Works included in a commonly used Course,Warriner, Ludwig, and Connolly, Franklin Ed. Harcourt Random House literature textbook. See Brace Jovanovich, 1982. DiYanni (1986). Building English Skills:(Purple). (AAP, CA, FL, SS Simon & Schuster list of leading popular McDougal, Littell, 1981. IL, NC, OK, books and authors among 17- and 19-year- OR) olds. Obtained from the Director of Library Composition: Models and Exercises (FL, OK) Sales and Marketing Trade Group. (3rd through 5th courses), Warriner et al. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, TX Textbooks adopted in the state of Texas, 1982. 1987-88. See Texas Education Agency (1987). Composition Skills (3-6), (CA, FL, OK) Glatthorn et al. Science Research Associates, 1980. X Xavier Preparatory School freshman, senior, summer, and university preparatory reading Effective English. Grade 12, (AAP, FL, OK) lists, 1988. Xavier's program was profiled Haider. Silver Burdette, 1982. for curriculum excellence in Bennett (1987). English Book Six: Complete Course, (Fl., NC, OK) Glatthorn et al. Science Research YA Top mass sellers among young adults Associates, 1982. 1985-87. Obtained from American Library Association's department of Best Books for English Grammar and (AAP, CA, FL, Young Adults. Composition: Complete Course, IL, NC, OK, Warriner. Harcourt Brace OR) Jovanovich, 1982.
High School Textbooks Grammar and Writing, Grade12, (AAP, FL., Logan. Macmillan, 1981, NC, OK) American Literature Language: Structure and Use, (AAP, FL, OK) Adventures in American Literature, (AAP, CA, FL, Book 12,Clark et al. Scott, Heritage ed., Safier et al. IL, NC, OR, Foresman, 1981. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985. TX) Prentice-Hall Grammar and (AAP, FL, IL, American Literature,Kearns. (AAP, CA, FL, Composition: Level6, Forlini et al, NC, OK, Macmillan, 1984. OR) Prentice-Hall, 1985. OR)
15 The Lively Art of Writing: (NC, TX) Chemistry: The Central Science (CA, El., NC, Effective Style, Perrin. (Chemistry 11), 2nd ed., Brown OK, TX) Allyn & Bacon. and LeMay. Prentice-Hall, 198 I.
Concepts and Challenges in Physical (FL, NC, OK) English Literature Sciences, 2nd ed., Bernstein et al. Adventures in English Literature, (AAP, (:A, FL, Globe, 1986. I leritage ed., Safier ct al. Harcourt 11., NC, OK, Brace Jovanovich, 1 985. OR, TX) Earth Science, 8th cd., Namowitz (EL, OK, TX) and Spaulding. Heath, 1985. British and Western literature: (CA, EL, OK, A Thematic Approach, Carlsen OR) Focus on Physical Science, 5th ed., (CA, Fl., NC, et al. McGraw-I lill, 1985. Heimler and Price. Merrill, 1984. TX)
English and Western Literature, (AAP, H., OR) Holt Physical Science, 3rd ed., (FL, NC, OK, Kearns et al. Macmillan, 1984. Ramsey et al. Holt, 1986. TX)
England in Literature: I !amid ed., (AAP, EL, IL, Investigating the Earth, 4th ed., (EL, OK, Tx) Christensen et al. Scott, Foresman, NC, OK, OR) Matthews et al. Houghton Mifflin, 1985. 1987.
England in Literature: Macbeth ed., (AAP, FL, Macmillan Biology, Creager et al. (FL, NC, OK, Christensen et al. Scott, Foresman, NC, OK, OR) Scribner, 1985. TX) 1985. Modern Biology, 5th ed., Otto (AAP, CA, English Literature, Bennett. (AAP, FL, OK) and Towle. Holt, 1985, EL, NC, OK, Prentice-Hall (Ginn), 1984. TX)
English Literature: A Chronological (AAP, H., IL, Modern Chemistry, 16th ed., (AAP, Fl., IL, Approach, Treasury (.11., Carlson. NC, OK, OR) Metcalfe et al. Holt, 1986. NC, OK, TX) 1.985. Modern Ilranan Physiology, (FL, NC, OK, lvicDougal, Litte ll Literature Series: (AAP, Fl., Cornett and Grat. Holt, 1982. TX) (Purple Level), 1st ed., Sternberg IL, NC, OK, et al. McDougal, Littell, 1987. OR) Modern Physics, 5th ed., (AAP, CA, Williams et al. Holt, 1984. EL, IL, NC, OK, Scope English Anthology, 2nd ed., (FL, NC) TX) Level 6. Scholastic, 1984. Physics: Principles and Problems, (CA, EL, N(:, Science 4th ed., Murphy et al. Merrill, OK, TX) 1986. Anato and Physiology: The Basic (11., NC, OK) Principles, 3rd ed., Evans. Prentice -Hall Biology, 3rd ed., (FL, NC, OK) Prentice -( -Lail, 1983. Gottfried. Prentice-Hall, 1986.
Biology: Living Systems, 5th ed., (AAP, FL, Prentice-Hall Physical Science, (EL, NC, TX) Oram et al. Merrill, 1986. OK, TX) 3rd ed., Appenbrink et al. Prentice-Hall, 1986. Biology II, Arms et al. Holt, (NC, OK, TX) Rinehart & Winston, 1982. Scott Foresman Biology I, Slesnick (AAP, N(:, et al. Addison-Wesley, 1984. OK, TX) Chemical Principles (Chemistry II), (CA, H., OK, 6th ed., Masterton et al. Holt, TX) Social Studies Rinehart & Winston, 1985. America: The Glorious Republic, (AAP, FL, OK, Chemistry: A Modern Course, (CA, FL, Gruff. Houghton Mifflin, 1985. OR, TX) 7th ed., Smoot et al. Merrill, 1987. NC, OK, TX) American Government: Principles (AAP, FL, NC, Chemistry: Experimental (CA, IT, NC, and Practices, Turner et al. OK, OR) Foundations, 4th cd., Parry et al. OK) Merrill, 1983. Prentice-Hall, 1987. American Government Today, (AAP, NC, OK) Lewinski. Scott, Foresman, 1982.
16 21. BEST COPY AVAILABLE Economics: Principles and Practices, (AAP, EL, OK, Sociology: The Study of Human CH., II., N(:, 4th ed., Clayton and Brown. OR) Relationships, 3rd ed., Thomas OK, TX) Merrill. et al. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982. Economics: The Science of Cost, (AAP, El., OK, Benefit, and Choice, 1st ed., OR) Sociology: Ihrderstanding Society, (CA, 11., OK, Wilson and Clark. South-Western, 2nd ed., Rose et al. Prentice-flail, TX) 1984. 1984.
Essentials of Economics ana Free (AAP, H., OK, The American Economy: Analysis, (AAP, El., OK) Enterprise, 1st ed., Hodgetts and TX) issues, Principles, 2nd ed., Sampson Smart. Addison-Wesley, 1982. and Marienhoff. Houghton Mifflin, 1986. Free Enterprise: The American (AAP, Fl., NC, Economic System, Smith et al. OK, TX) The Human Experience: A World (AAP, H., OK, Laid law, 1984. History, 1st ed., Farah et al. OR) Merrill, 1985. History and Life: The World and (AAP, (A, Its People, Wallhank et al. Scott, Fl,, NC, OK, The United States: A History of the (IL NC, OK, Foresman, 1984. OR, TX) Republic, 2nd ed., Davidson et al. OR) Prentice-Hall, 1986. Invitation to Economics, Walken (FL., 11., NC, and Clocker. Scott, Foresman, OK, OR, Tx) Understanding Psychology, 3rd ed., (AAP, ( :A, 11., 1985. Hassett et al. Random House, 1981. NC, OK)
Invitation to Psychology, 1st ed., (AAP, CA, H., United States History, Presidential (FL, IL, OK, Reg land and Saxon. Scott, NC, OK, TX) ed., Ahlquist et al. Addison-Wesley, OR) Foresman, 1981. 1986.
Land of Pronnse: A History of the (CA, Fl., 11., World History: A Basic Approach, (CA, Fl., OK, United States, 1st ed., Berkin'and NC, OK, Reich et al. Coronado, 1984. OR, TX) Wood. Scott, Foresman, 1983. OR, TX) World History: Patterns of (AAP, F1., Magruder's American Government, (AAP, CA, Civilization, 3rd ed., Beers. NC, OK, 67th ed., McClenaghan. Allyn & H., IL, NC, Prentice-Hall, 1986. OR, TX) Bacon, 1987. OK, OR, TX)
Our Economy: How It Works, (AAP, Fl., OK) 2nd ed., Clawson. Addison-Wesley, College Textbooks 1984. Art Our Land. Our Time, Conlin. (AAP, H., IL, Coronado, 1986. OK, OR, TX) Gardner, Helen. Art Through the (AP, NYT1) Ages, 7th ed. Harcourt Brace People and Nations: A World (AAP, CA, Jovanovich, 1980. history, 4th ed., Mazour et al. EL, OK, OR, (AP) Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983. TX) Hark, Frederick. Art: A History of Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. People and Our World: A Study of (AAP, CA. Prentice-Hall, 1977. World History, 3rd ed., Kownslar El., NC, OK, (AP, NYT1) and Smart. Holt, Rinehart & TX) Janson, H. W. History of Art. Winston, 1984. Prentice-Hall, 1977.
Psychology: Exploring Behavior, (AAP, CA, H., Biology 1st ed., Kasschau,Prentice hall, NC, OK, TX) Arms and Camp. Biology, Saunders (AP) 1980. College, 1987. Psychology: Its Principles and (AAP, El., II., Applications, 7th ed., Engle and OK, TX) Atlas. Basic and Practical (MAC) Snellgrove. Harcourt Brace Microbiology. Macmillan, 1986. Jovanovich, 1979. Atlas. Microbiology: Fundamentals (MAC) Rise of the American Nation, (AAP, II., and Applications. Macmillan. Liberty ed., Todd and Curtis. NC, OK, OR) Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982.
17 Audesirk. Biology: I.ife on Earth. (MAC) Dickerson, et al. Chemical (AP) Macmillan, 1986. Principals. Benjamin-Cummings, 1984. Baker and Allen. Study of Biology. Addison-Wesley, 1982. Sienko and Plane. Chemistry: (AP) Principles and Applications. Curtis, Helena. Biology, 4th ed. (AP, Cl .11), McGraw-Hill, 1979. Worth, 1983. NYT1) Waser, et al. Chem One. (AP) Guttman and Hopkins. (AP) McGraw-Hill, 1980. Understanding Biology. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983. Economics Johnson, Leland G. Biology. (AP, ( :LEP) McConnell, Campbell R. (NYT1) W. C. Brown, 1983. Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies, 10th ed. McGraw Hill, Keeton, William T., and James (AP, CLEP, 1963. Gould. Biological Science, 4th ed. NYT1) W. W. Norton, 1986. Samuelson, Paul, and William (NYT1) Nordhaus. Economics, 12th ed. Kimball. Biology. Addison-Wesley, (AP) McGraw-Hill, 1948. 1983. English Purves, William K., and Gordon H, (AP, CLEP) Orions. Life: The Science of Biology. Abrams, M. H., et al., eds., The (CLEP) Sinauer Associates, 1983. Norton Anthology of English Literature (2 vols), 4th ed. Strickberger. Genetics, .3rd ed. (MAC) W. W. Norton, 1979. Macmillan, 1985, Bradley, Edward Sculley, et al., eds., (CLEP) Villee et al. Biology. Saunders (API The American Tradition in College, 1985. Literature (2 vols). Random House, 1981. Weisz. and Keogh, Science of (AP) Biology. McGraw-Hill, 1982. Hodges, John C., and Mary E. (( :LEP, NYT1) Whitten. l-larbrace College Wistreich and Lechtman. (MAC) Handbook. Harcourt Brace Microbiology, 4th ed. Macmillan, Jovanovich, 1941. 1980. MacCrimmon, James M. Writing (AP, NYT1) Business and Economics With a Purpose, 7th ed. Houghton Mifflin, 1980. Fess, et al. Accounting Principles, (CLEP, NYT1) 13th ed. South-Western, 1981. Strunk, William S., Jr., and E. B. (CLEP) White. The Elements of Style, Meigs, Walter B., and Robert F. (CLEP) 3rd ed. Macmillan, 1979. Meigs. Accounting: The Basis tOr Business Decisions, 5th ed. Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for (NYT1) McGraw-Hill, 1980. Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 5th ed. University Pyle, William, et al. Fundamental (CLEP) of Chicago Press, 1987, Accounting Principles, 9th ed. Richard D. Irwin, 1981. Government Chemistry Aldrich, et al. American (AP) Government: People, Institutions, Brady, James E., and Gerald E. (Al', CLEP) and Policies. Houghton Mifflin, Humiston. General Chemistry: 1986. Principles and Structure, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, 1986. Almond and Powell. Comparative (AP) Politics Today. Little, Brown, 1984. Brown, Theodore L., and H. E. (AP, CLEP) Lemay. Chemistry: The Central Andrain. Foundations of Comparative (AP) Science, 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall, Politics: A Policy Perspective. 1985. Brooks/Cole, 1983. 23 18 Burns, James MacGregor, et al. (Al', CUT, Hitchner and Levine. Comparative (AP) Government by the People, NYTH Government and Politics. Harper & 13th ed. Prentice-Hall, 1987 Row, 1981.
Cummings and Wise, Democracy (AP) Janda, et al. Challenge of Democracy: (AP) Under Pressure: An Introduction to Government in Amertca.11oughton the American Political System. Mifflin, 1987. liarcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985. Katznelson and K.esselman, Politics of (Al') Curtis. Comparative Government and (AP) Power: A Critical Introduction to Politics: An Introductory Essay in Arruvicau6.0VertIntellt. I {aroma Brace Political Science. limper & Row, 1978. Joyanovich, 1987.
Curtis, Introduction to Comparative (AP) Kelly, et al, American Constitution: (Al') Government. Harper & Row, 1985. Its Origins and Development. Norton, 1983. Dahl. Democracy in the United States: (AP) Promise and Performance. Houghton Kraemer, et al. America:: Democracy: (AP) Mifflin, 1981. The Third Century. West, 1978.
Dawson. American Government: (AP) Levine and Cornwell, Introduction to (AP) Institutions, Policies and Politics. American Government. Macmillan, Scott, Foresman, 1987. 1983.
Deutsch, et al. Comparative (AP) Lineberry, R. 1.. Government in (AP, CLEP) Government: Politics of Industrialized America, 3rd ed. Little, Brown, 1986. and Developing Nations. Houghton Mifflin, 1981. Lorch. State and Local Politics: The (AP) Greczt Entanglement. Prentice-ilall, Dolheare and Edelman. American (AP) 1986. Politics: Policies, Power, and Change. Heath, 1985. Macridis. Modern Political Regimes. (AP) Little, Brown, 1986. Dunn. American Democracy Debated. (AP) Scott, Foresman, 1982. Macridis. Modern Political Systems: ( A P) Europe. Prentice-Hall, 1987 Dye and Zeigler. Irony of Democracy: (Al') An Uncommon Introduction to Moore and Roberts. Pursuit of (A11 American Politics, Brooks/Cole, 1987, Happiness: Government and Politics in America. Macmillan, Edwards. American Political Experience: 'AP) 1985, An Introduction to Government. Prentice-Hall, 198.5. Parenti. Democracy for the P) Few. St. Martin's Press, 1983. Eisinger, et al. American Politics: (AP) The People and 11w Polity. Little, Patterson, et al. More Perfect (AP) Brown, 1982. Union: Introduction to American Government. Greenberg. American Political Systems: (AP) Dorsey Press, 1985. A Radical Approach. Little, Brown, 1986. Prewitt, et al, Introduction to (Al') Hagopian. Regimes, Movements, and (AP) American Government. Ideologies. Longman, 1984. Harper & Row, 1987.
Hamilton. American Government. (API Roskin. Countries and Concepts: (Al') Scott, Foresman, 1982. An Introduction to Comparative Politics. Prentice-Hall, 1986. Harris. America's Democracy: The (AP) Ideal and the Reality. Scott, Foresman, Roth and Wilson. Comparative (AP) 1986. Study of Politics. Prentice-Hall, 1980. Hinckley. Outline of American (Al') Government: The Continuing Schuman and Waterman. (AP) Experience. Prentice-Hall, 1981. Preface to Politics. Heath, 1986.
19 BES1 COPY AVAILABLE Skidmore and Tripp, (AP) Hofstadter, Richard, The (AI') American Government: A Brief' American Poltheal Tradition, Introduction. St. Martin's Press, 2nd ed. Knopf, 1973. 1985. Noi ton, et al, People and a (AP) Was,erman, Basics of American (AP) Nation: A History of the Politics. Little, Brown, 1985. United States.I loughton Mifflin, 1986, Weissl)erg, Understanding (API American Government, Palmer, litibert R., and WEEP, NYT1) Itandom !louse, 1986. Joel Colton. History of the Modern World. Knopf, 1951. Wilson, James Q. American (AP, (:UT) Government: Institutitms and Policies, Patterson. America in the (AP) 2nd ed. Heath, 1986. Twentieth Centuo,: A history. I larcourt Brace Jovatiovich, Wolfinger, et al, Dynamics of American (AP) 1983, Politics, Prentice-lift'', 1980. Sellers, et al. Synopsis of (AP) Woll and Binstock. America's (AP) American History, I loughttm Political System. Random House, 1984. Mifflin, 1985.
History Wallhank, Walter, et al, ((:UT, N'YT1) (:ivilization: Past and Present, Ahlstrom, Religious I listory (AP) 8th ed. Scott, Foresman, 1942, of the American People. Yak. University Press, 1972, Mathematics Bailey, T., and I). Kennedy. (AP, CLIP) Forester, Paul. Precalculus with (CLEP) American Pageant. 7th ed. Tripaunnetry. Addison-Wesley, Heath, 1983, 1987,
Bailyn, B., et al. Great Republic, (AP, CLEP) Leithhold. ;,ileuhis. 2nd ed, Heath, 1981. Harper & Row, 1985.
Blum, J., et al. National (AP, (;1,1:1)) I,eithhold. Catenins. Experience: A I listory of the Harper & Row, 1986. United States. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985, Swokowski, Calculus with Analytic Geometry. Prindle, Burns, Edward M. Western (CUP, N1'11) Weber & Schmidt, 1984. Civilizations, 10th ed. Norton, 1941. Swokowski. Fundamentals of College Algebra. Prindle, Weber Commager, Henry Steele, ed. & Schmidt, 1978, Documents in American History, 9th ed, Prentice-II:Ill, 1974. Thomas, Finney. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. Current, R., et al. American (AP, CI.I.P) Addison-Wesley, 1979. History: A Survey, 6th ed. Knopf, 1983. Thomas, Moulton, and Xelinka. Elementary Calculus from an !)ogler. Out of Our Past: The (AP) Advanced Standpoint. Forces That Shaped Modern Addison-Wesley, 1980, America. Harper & Row, 1984. Music Carraty, J. The American (AP, (:UT) Bamberger, J. S., and (AP, CLEP) Nation, 4th ed. Harper & Row, H. Brofsky. The Art of 1979. Listening: Developing Musical Perception, 4th ed. Harper & Graebner, et al. History, of the (AP) Row, 1979. American People. McGraw-Hill, 1975.
20 Kerman, Joseph. Listen, 3rd ed, (AP, (:up) Worth, 1980, Literature, Popular Titles, Autobiographies, Biographies, Nlachlis, Joseph.The (NYT) Enjoymentof Music, 5th ed. Speeches, and Influential Norton, 1955, Writings Physics (alphabetical listing by author) I lalliday and Resnick, Physics. (AP, (:i,Ep) John Wiley & Suns, 1978, Anonymous Beowulf (1.1)3, II., NAI.) Miller, Franklin J. College (AP, CUT) Gilgamesh (NAL) Physics, I larcourt Brace Sir Gawain and the Jovanovich, 1982, Green Knight (NAL) 'tales of King Arthur (NAEP) Scars, Zemansky, and Young. (AP, (:LEP) The Bible ( A'L'BS, BS, (iN, II., NAVP, IlniversityPhysics. NE, NEI I, NEI12) Addison-Wesley, 1982. The Song of Roland (NAL) Tipler, Physics. NX.'trill, 1982. (AP, (:HI') Adamson, Joy ((:SliE) Born Free ((:SI3F) Psychology Aeschylus (IL IN, PP) Atkinson,Atkinson, and NY11) Ililgard, introduction to Agamemnon (IN) Prometheus (1,4,,\Fp, pp) Psych ob wy, 9th ed. !la rcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979. Aesop (A'L'BS, 11, NAEI)) nes.p.s Fables (A'L'BS, i I, NAF.P) Bee, I lelen, The Developing Child, 4th ed. Harper & Row, Agee, James (ALA, GSM:, IN, 1985. MA, NEI12, X) A Death in the Family (ALA, CSBF, IN, MA, NE112, Biehler, Robert E. Psychology X) A/m/ted to l'eaching, 3rd. ed. I loughton Mifflin, 1981. Agee, James, and (ALA, X) Walker Evans Bugelski, B. R. The Psychology (ALA) of Learning Applied to 'leaching, l.et Its Ni w Praise Famous Men 2nd ed. Bobbs-Merrill, 1971. Al bee, Edward (ALA, IN, X) I letherington, E. Mavis, and The Zoo Story (ALA, IN, X) Ross D. Parke.Child The (IN) Psychology: A Contemporary Anwrican Dream (IN, X) Viewpoint,2nd ed, McGraw- Who's Afraid of I lilt, 1979. Virginia Woo/f Alcott, Louisa May (CSBE, I-1, IN, NEI12, PP, X) Zimbardo, Philip. Psychology NYT1) Little Women (CSBE, I I, NEI12, PP, X) and Ilth ed. Scott, Foresman, 1985, Allen, Frederick Lewis (M A) Only Yesterday (MA) Sociology Anaya, Rudolf() (EAU Conklin, John I. Sociology: Au (CLEP) Bless Me, Ultima (FAQ Introduction,2nd ed. Macmillan, 1987. Andersen, Flans (NIBS, I I) Christian Robertson, Ian. Sociology, Fairy Tales (ATBS) .3rd ed. Worth, 1987. Anderson. Jessica (MA) Tirra l.irraby (MA) the River
Anderson, Laurie (NYT2) 2 21 Anderson, Marian (MA) Azucla, Mariano (IN, NAL) My Lord, What a (MA) The Underdogs (IN, NAL) Morning Bach, Richard (X) Anderson, Sherwood (CSBE, IN, NEII2, X) Jonathan Livingston (X) Winesburg, Ohio (CSBE, IN, NEII2, X) Seagull "The Man Who (IN) Became A Woman" Bagnold, Enid (NEH2) National Velvet (NEH2) Angell, Roger (MA) The Summer Game (MA) Baker, Carlos (MA) Ernest Hemingway: (MA) Angelou, Maya (CSBE, IN, MA, SS, YA) A Life Story I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (CSBE, IN, MA, SS, YA) Baldwin, James (ALA, BS, IL, IN, MA, NEH2, PP, RHL, X) Anson, Robert (YA) Another Country (BS) Best Intentions: The (YA) If Beale Street Could (ALA) Education and Killing Talk of Edmund Perry Go Tell It on the (IN, MA, NEH2, X) Mountain Anthony, Piers (SS, YA) The Fire Next Time (IL, PP) Vale of the Vole (SS, YA) Ballou, Robert 0. (ALA) Archer, Jeffrey (SS, YA) The Portable World (ALA) Kane and Abel (SS, YA) Bible
Aristophanes (ALA, H, IL, IN, NAL) Bartlett, John (ATBS) Lysistrata (ALA, IN, NAL) Familiar Quotations (ATBS)
Aristotle (H, IN, NAEP, NEH) Beckett, Samuel (ALA, CSBE, IN, MA, NEH2, Politics (NEH) PP, X) Act Without Words: (CSBE) Arnold, Matthew (RHL) A Mime for Two Dover Beach Players Waiting for Godot (ALA, CSBE, IN, MA, NEH2, Asimov, Issac (CSBE, IN, MA, NCTE, SS, PP, X) YA, X) The Currents of Space (CSBE) Bell, Ruth, et al. (ALA) Foundation Trilogy (IN, MA) Changing Bodies, (ALA) Fantastic Voyage (IN, X) Changing Lives: A Mutants (CSBE) Book for Teens on Sex and Relationships Atwood, Margaret (YA) The Handmaid's Tale (YA) Bellamy, Edward (ALA, IN, X) Looking Backward: (X) Auden, W. H. (CP2, CSBE, IN, MA, NE, PP, 2000-1887 RHI.) "Musee des Beaux Arts"(RHL) Bellow, Saul (ALA, II., IN, MA, X) "The Unknown Citizen"(CSBE) Henderson the Rain King (IL, MA) The Adventures of (X) Aurelius, Marcus (CSBE) Augie March Meditations (CSBE) Benedict, Ruth (ALA) Austen, Jane (ALA, APR, CLC2, CLM, Patterns of Culture (AIA) CLP3, CSBE, GN, H. IN, MA, NAEP, NAL, NCTE, NE, Benet, Stephen Vincent (CSBE, X) NEH, NEH2, PP, X) The Devil and Daniel Emma (IN, PP, X) Webster (CSBE, X) Pride and Prejudice (C, CLC2, CLI3, CLP3, CSBE, John Brown's Body (CSBE) H, MA, NAEP, NAL, NCTE, NEH, NEH2, PP) Bennett, Lerone, Jr. (ALA) Sense and Sensibility (PP) Before the Mayflower: (ALA) A History of Black America
22 Bernstein, Carl, and (BS, X) Brink, Carol (X) Bob Woodward Caddie Woodlawn (X) All the President's Men (BS, X) The Final Days (BS; Brinson, Crane (ALA) Ideas and Men: The (ALA) Bernstein, Leonard (ALA) Story of Western The Joy of Music (ALA) Thought
Bishop, Elizabeth (IN, RI IL) Bronowski, Jacob (ALA) "The Fish" The Ascent of Man (ALA)
Blake, William (CP2, CSBE, Li, IN, NAEP, Bronte, Charlotte (ALA, CSBE, CLC3, CLI3, NE, PP, RM.) CLP3, EBS, MA, NAL., NE, Songs of Innocence (CSBE, PP) NEH2, PP) Songs of Experience (CSBE, PP) lane Eyre (ALA, CLC3, CLI3, CLP3, CSBE, IL, MA, NE, NEH2, Blume, Judy (IN, SS, X, YA) PP) Are You There, God? (X) Bronte, Emily (ALA, CLC3, CLI3, CLM, It's Me, Margaret CLP3, CSBE, EBS, H, MA, NAEP, NAL., NCTE, NE, Bolt, Robert (CLC3, CSBE, IN, NEH2) NEH2, PP, RHL) A Man for All Seasons (CLC3, IN, NEH2) Wuthering Heights (ALA, CLC2, CLC3, CLP3, CSBE, EBS, H, IL, MA, NAEP, Boorstin, Daniel (CSBE, MA) NAL, NCTE, NEH2, PP) The Discoverers (CSBE, MA) Brooks, Gwendolyn (IN, RHI.) Borges, Jorge Luis (IN, RHI.) Chess (RHI.) Brown, Charles Brockden (NYT2) The Blind Man (RHL) Labyrinths (IN) Brown, Dee (ALA, CSBE, GN, MA, SS, X) The Garden of the (REIL) Bury My Heart at (ALA, GN, MA, SS, X) Forking Paths Wounded Knee
Borland, Hal (ALA, CLP3, IL, X) Brown, John S13'.) When the Legends Die (ALA, CLP3, IL, X) Brown, Michael (ALA) Boulle, Pierre (BS, CSBE, IN, NEH2) Laying Waste: The (ALA) The Bridge Over the (NEH2) Poisoning of America River Ku'ai by Toxic Chemicals
Bouton, Jim (MA) Browning, Elizabeth (CSBE, Hj Ball Four Plus Ball Five(MA) Barrett "Sonnets from the (CSBE) Bradbury, Ray (ALA, CLM, CLP3, CSBE, Portuguese" (:N, IN, MA, NCTE, NEH2, SS, X, YA) Browning, Robert (CP1, CSBE, H, IN, NE, Dandelion Wine (IN, NEH2, X) NEH2, PP, RILL) Fahrenheit 451 (CLP3, 11., IN, MA, NEH2, X) Complete Poetical Works (PP) Something Wicked This(MA) My Last Duchess (RHL) Way Comes The Martian Chronicles(CSBE, IN, NEH2) Bryant, William Cullen (CSBE) Thanatopsis (CSBE) Bradstreet, Anne (RHI.) To a Waterfowl (CSBE) "To My Dear and (RHI.) Loving Husband" Buck, Pearl S. (ALA, 13S, CSBE, IN, NEH2) The Good Earth (ALA, 135, CSBE, IN, NEH2) Brand, Stewart (ALA) The Next Whole Earth (ALA) Bullock, Alan (MA, X) Catalog Hitler, A So:dy in (MA, X) Tyranny Brecher, Edward M. (ALA) Licit and Illicit Drugs (ALA) Bulwer Lytton, Edward (ATBS) The Last Days of (ATBS) Brin, David (YA) Pompeii The Postman (YA)
23 Burgess, Anthony (MA, X) The Professor's House (CSBE) A Clockwork Orange (MA, X) C) Pioneers! (CSBE, NAEP, X) Death Comes forthe (CSBE, NAEP, NEH2) Robert (CSB, EBS, Lk IN, PP, RI-11.) Archbishop Poetical Works ofBurns(CSBE) "A Red, Red Rose" (RHI.) Catton, Bruce (CSBE, SS, X) AStillness at (CSBE, X) Butler, Samuel (NEI-12) Appomattox The Way of All Flesh (NEI-12) Ceram, C. W. (Al A) Byron, Lord (H, IN, NAEP, NE, PP, RHI.) Gods, Graves, and (ALA) Poetical Works of Byron(PP) .Scholars: The Story of Aichaeology Camus, Albert (ALA, BS, CLC3, CLP3, CSBE, IN, NEH2, X) Cervantes, Miguel de (ALA, APR, CSBE, H, IN, The Plague (ALA, NEH2, X) NAEP, NAI., NEI-12, PP, X) The Stranger (ALA, BS, CI.C.3, C1.133, CSBE, Don Quixote (A1.A, IN, NAEP, NAI., IN, NEH2, X) NEI-12, PP, X)
Canaday, John (ALA) Chandler, Raymond (IN, NIA) Mainstreamsof (ALA) Farewell, My Lovely (IN) Modern Art The Big Sleep (MA)
Capote, Truman (BS, CSBE, IN, MA, SS, Charriere, Henri (BS) X, YA) Papillon (BS) AChristmas Memory (CSBE) Breakfrst at Tiffany's (IN, X) Chaucer, Geoffrey (CLC3, 0I.13, CLP3, CSBE, H, In Cold Blood (BS, IN) II., IN, NAEP, NE, NEH, PP) The Canterbury Tales (CLC3, CLI3, CI.P3, Capra, Fritiof (MA) CSBE, H, NAEP, NEH, PP) The Tao of Physics (MA) Cheerer, John (CSBE, MA, NCTE, X) Caras, Roger (MA) The Stories of John (CSBE, MA, NCTE) The Forest (MA) Cheez,er The Wapshot Chronicle(MA) Card, Orson Scott (YA) "The World of Apples (NCTE) Ender's Game (YA) Bullet Park (X)
Carnegie, Dale (BS) Chekhov, Anton (ALA, (:P2, CSBE, H, II., IN, Howto Win Friends and(BS) NAL, NEH2, RI-11., X) Influence People The Cherry Orchard (ALA, CSBE, IN, NEH2, X) How to Stop Worrying (BS) The Sea Gull (CSBE) and Start Living Chin, Frank (EAC) Carroll, Lewis (CSBE;, EBS, 1-1, IN, NEH2, PP, REILI Chopin, Kate (MA, NEH2) Alice'sAdventures in (CSBE, EBS, H, IN, NAEP, The Awakening (NIA, NEH2) Wonderland NEI-12) labberwockey (RHI.) Christie, Agatha (CLP3, LI, IN, MA, SS, X, YA) And Then There Were (IN, X) Carson, Rachel (CSBE, MA) None FhbTide (MA) Murder on the Orient (CI.P.3, IN, X) Silent Spring (CSBE, MA) Express The Sea Annuli! (CSBE, MA) Evil Under the Sun (X) Under the Sea V'ind (CSBE) Churchill, Winston (BS) Cary, Joyce (NIA) Closing the Ring (BS) The Horse'sMouth (MA) Grand Alliance (BS) Hinge of Fate (13S) Gather, Willa (ALA, CLC3, CLP3, CSBE, I I, The C; iris 'BS) IL, IN, NAEP, NEI42, X) Their Finest 1-Jour (BS) MyAntonia (ALA, CI.C3, 0.03, CSBE, IN, Triumph and Tragedy (BS) NAEP, NEH2, X)
24 Churchill, Winston (CSBE) Covelli, Pat (Al.A) Speeches Borrowing Tune: (ALA) Growing Up with Chute, Marchette (CSBE, MA) Juvenile Diabetes Shakespeare of London(CSBE, MA) Cowles, Virginia (CSBE) Ciardi, John, and (ALA) The Last Tsar (CSBE) Miller Williams How Does a Poem Mean(Al A) Crane, Stephen (ALA, BS, CI.C2, CLI2, CI.P2, CPI, CSBE, IL, NAL, NCTE, Clark, Ann M. (CSBE) NE, NEH2, PP, X) Secret of the Andes (CSBE) The Red Badge of (ALA, BS, CI.C2, 0,12, C1.P2, Courage CSBE, H, II., NAEP, NAL, Clark, Kenneth (ALA, CSBE) NEH2, PP, X) Civilisation (ALA) The Blue Hotel (IN) The Open Boat (CSBE) Clark, Walter Van Tilburg(CSBE, IL, NAI., NEI -12) The Ox-Bow Incident (CSBE, IL, NAL, NEH2) Crawford, Alan (ALA) Thunder on the Right: (ALA) Clarke, Arthur (BS, IL, IN, MA, SS, X, YA) The "Name Right" Childhood's End (11., IN) and the Politics of 2001: A Space Odyssey(BS, IL, MA, X) Resentment
Clarke, James NI. (CSBE) Crevecoeur, Michel (AP, PP) The Life and Adventures(CSBE) Guillaume St. Jean de of John Muir 1,etters from an (AP, PP) American Farmer (liven, James (CSBE, IN, SS, X) Sketches of Eighteenth (PP) The Children's .Story (CSBE) Century America, Shogun (IN, X) Letter III The Making of (PP) Coleridge, Samuel T. (CP2, CSBE, H, IN, NE, PP, Americans RHI.) "Kuhla Khan" (CSBE, RM.) Crichton, Michael (X) "The Rime of the (I-I) The Andromeda Strain (X) Ancient Mariner" Cullen, Countee (IN, RHI., X) Collins, Wilkie (ALA, IN, NEI12, "Incident" (RI-IL) The Moonstone (NEH2, X) cummings, e. e. (CSBE, H, IN) Conrad, Joseph (ALA, APR, (:1.13, CLM, "Buffalo Bill's" (RHI.) CLP3, CP2, CSBE, GN, H, IN, "a man who had fallen (CSBE) NAEP, NM., NCTE, NE, among thieves" NEI-12, PP, RH1., X) "anyone lived in a pretty(RHI.) Lord Jon (ALA, NAL, NAEP, NE, how town" NEH2, X) Heart of Darkness ((;1.13, CI P3, CSBE, GN, IN, Curie, Eve (MA, NEH2) NAL, NAEP, NEH2, PP, X) Madame Curie (MA, NEH2) The Secret Sharer (CSBE, IN, NAEP, NEH2) Typhoon (IN, NC Dante (H, IN, NAEP, NAL., NEH2) The Inferno (H, NAL) Cooper, James Fenimore (ATBS, H, IN, NAL., NE1-12, Divine Canted), (IN, NAEP, NEI-12) PP, X) Paradiso (NAL) The Last of the (ATBS, NAL., NEH2, PP, X) The Purgatorio (NAL) Mohicans The Pioneers (PP) Dantzig, Tobias (Al A) The Deerslayer (ATBS, NM., NEI12, X) Number, the Language (ALA) The Spy (ATBS) of Science
Cousteau, Jacques (CSBE, NIA) The Silent World ((;SBE, MA) Darrow, Clarence (CSBE, 11) "Crime and Criminals" (CSBE) ..perch
25 PFST COPY AVAILABLE Davies, Robertson (MA) Dickey, James (BS, CSBE, MA) Fifth Business (MA) Deliverance (BS, CSBE, MA)
Davis, E. Adams (CSBE) Dickinson, Emily (CSBE, H, IL, NAEP, NEH, Of the Night Winds (CSBE) NEH2, PP, RHI.) Telling: Legends from Poems of Emily (CSBE, NEH2) the Valley of Mexico Dickinson "Because I Could Not (RHL) Davis, Nuel Pharr (MA) Stop for Death" Lawrence and (MA) "I Heard a Fly Buzz (RHL) Oppenheimer When I Died" "A Narrow Fellow in (RHI.) Dear, William (YA) the Grass" The Dungeon Master (YA) Dickinson, John de Balzac, Honore (ALA, APR, H, IN, NEH2) Letters from a Farmer in (AP) Le Pere Goriot (ALA, IN, NEH2) Pennsylvania
de Beaumarchais, Pierre (IN) Dickson, Margaret (YA) Augustin Caron Maddy's Song (YA) The Barber of Seville (IN) Didion, Joan (CSBE, MA, NYT2) Defoe, Daniel (ATBS, CSBE, H, IN, NAL, A Book of Common (CSBE, MA) NEH2, PP, X) Prayer Robinson Crusoe (ATBS, CSBE, H, IN, NAL, NEH2, PP) Dillard, Annie (MA) Moll Flanders (NAL, NEH2, X) Pilgrim at Tinker Creek (MA)
Deford, Frank (MA) Dinesen, Isak (MA, NEH2) Everybody's (MA) Out of Africa (MA, NEH2) All-American Doctorow, E. L. (BS) De Lillo, Don (NYT2) Ragtime (BS)
de Maupassant, Guy (ATBS, RHI,) Donne, John (CP2, H, IN, NE, PP, RHL) "The Jewels" (RHI,) "A Valediction: (RHL) Stories (ATBS) Forbidding Mourning" "The Canonization" (RHL) De Mille, Agnes (MA) Dance to the Piper (MA) Dostoyevski, Fyodor (ALA, APR, CLC3, CSBE, IL, IN, MA, NAEP, NAI., NEH, de Pisan, Christine (NYT2) NEH2, X) Crime and Punishment(ALA, CLC3, CSBE, IL, IN, Di kens, Charles (ALA, APR, CLC1, CLI1, MA, NAEP, NAL, NEH, CLPI, CSBE, EBS, H, IL, IN, NEH2, X) MA, NAL, NAEP, NCTE, The Brothers Karamazov (CSBE, IN, NAEP, NAL, NEH, NEH2, PP, X) NEH2, X) A Christmas Carol (CLP3, CSBE, EBS, H, NAEP, NEH2, X) Douglass, Frederick (CSBE, H, IN) A Talc of Two Cities (ALA, ATBS, CI.C2, CLI3, Narrative of the Life of(CSBE, H, IN) CLP2, CSBE, NAEP, NAL, Frederick Douglass NEH, NEH2) Bleak House (ALA. EBS, NEH2, X) Doyle, A. Conan (ALA, CLC3, CLP3, CSBE, David Copperfield (ALA, CSBE, EBS, H, IL, EBS, H, IN, NAL, NEH2, SS, NAL, NEH2, PP) YA) Great Expectations (ALA, CLC2, CLI3, CLP2, The Adventures of (EBS, H, IN, NEH2, PP) CSBE, H, IN, MA, NAL, Sherlock Holmes NC:TE, NEH, NEH2, PP, X) The Hound of the (ALA, CLC3, CI.P3, CSBE, Hard Times (CLC3, EBS, NEH2, X) Baskervilles NAL) Oliver Twist (CLC3, CSBE. EBS, H, NAL, NEH2, PP) Drabhle, Margaret (MA) Pit kwick Papers (K) The Ice Age (MA)
26 Dreiser, Theodore (ALA, CSBE, NAL, NEH2.) Murder in the Cathedral(ALA, IN, MA, NEH2,X) An American Tragedy (ALA, NAL, NEH2) The Cocktail Party (MA) Sister Carrie (CSBE, NAL, NEH2) "The Hollow Men" (CSBE) "The Love Song of J. (NAEP) Dubois, W. E. B. (CSBE, H, IN, NAL) Alfred Prufrock" The Souls of Black Folk(CSBE, IN, NAL) "The Waste Land" (NAEP) Tradition and the Dumas, Alexandre (ALA, ATBS, CSBE, IN, Individual Talent NEH2, X) (essay) (PP) The Count of (ALA, ATBS, CSBE, IN, Monte Cristo NEH2) The Three Mu!keteers (ATBS, CSBE, NE112, X) Ellison, Ralph (ALA, APR, CSBE, H, IN, MA, NAEP, NEH2, PP, RHL, Du Maurier, Daphne (ALA, BS, CSBE, IN, MA, X) NEH2, X) Invisible Man (ALA, IN, MA, NAEP, NEH2, Hungry Hill (BS) RHL, X) My Cousin Rachel (BS) Rebecca (ALA, BS, CSBE, IN, MA, Emerson, Ralph Waldo (CP1, CSBE, EBS, H, IN, NEH2, X) NEH, NEH2, PP, RM.) The King's General (BS) Essays and Poems (CSBE, EBS, NE112) The Parasites (BS) Self-Reliance (CPI, CSBE, IN, PP) Nature (CPI, IN, PP) Durant, Will (ALA,BS) The Story of Philosophy(ALA, BS) Erskine, John (BS) The Private Life of (BS) Durrell, Gerald (MA) Helen of Troy The Balza Beagles (MA) My Family and Other (MA) Euripides (C:I.P3, CSBE, H, IN) Animals Medea (C1.P3, CSBE, IN)
Ehcnstein, William, and (ALA) Fame, John (YA) Edwin Folgelman 1933 Was a Bad Year (YA) Today's Isms: (ALA) Communism, Fascism, Faulkner, William (ALA, APR, BS, CPI, CSBE, Capitalism, Socialism H, IL, IN, MA, NAEP, NE, NEH, NEH2, PP, X) Edelman, Bernard (Ed.) (YA) A Rose for Emily (RHI.) Dear America (YA) As I Lay Dying (NE112, X) Intruder in the Dust (CSBE, MA, NE112) Edmonds, Walter (MA, NEH2, X) Red Leaves (IN) Drums Along the (MA, NEH2, X) Sanctuary (BS) Mohawk The Bear (IN, NE, RHL) The Sound and the Fury(ALA, IN, NEH2) Edwards, Jonathan (C:Pl, Absalom, Absalom! (NEH2)
Eiseley, Loren (ALA, MA) Ferber, Edna (NEH2) Darwin's Century (ALA) Cimarron (NEH2) The Immense Journey (MA) Fermi, Laura (MA) Eliot, George (ALA, APR, CLI3, CLP3, EBS, Atoms in the Family (MA) II, IN, NAL, NCTE, NEH2, PP, X) Fielding, Henry (H, IN, NEH2, PP, X) Adam Bede (NEH2, PP, X) The Adventures of (IN, NEH2, X) Middle march (NAL, NE112, PP, X) Joseph Andrews The Mill on the Floss (ALA, NAL, NEH2) Tom Jones (NEH2, PP, X) Silas Mariner (CLI3, CLP3, EBS, NAL, NCTE, NEH2, PP) Finnegan, William (YA) Crossing the Line: (YA) Eliot, T. S. (ALA, CSBE, H, IL, IN, MA, A Year in the Land NAEP, NEH2, PP, RHL, X) of Apartheid Dante (essay) (PP) "Journey of the Magi" (RHL)
3 2
27 Finney, jack (ALA) Plantations in America (PP) Time and Again (ALA) "Proposals Relating to (PP) the Education of Youth Fischer,Louis (NIA) in Pennsylvania" inThree The Life of Mahatma (NIA) Thousand Years of Gandhi Educational Wisdom, Robert Ulich, ed. Fitzgerald, F. Scott (ALA, APR, CLII, CLM, CLPI, CPI, CSBE, H, IN, Fraser, Antonia (MA) NAEP, NE, NEH, NEH2, Mary, Queen of Scots (MA) PP, X) The Great (;atsby (ALA, CLCI, CLII, Freeling, Nicolas (MA) CSBE, IL, II., IN, NAEP, NE, NEH2, PP, X) Friedan, Betty (ALA, H) Six Tales of the Jazz Age(PP) The Feminine Mystique(ALA) This Side of Paradise (X) The Last Tycoon (X) Frost, Robert (CP1, CSBE, 1-1, IL, IN, NAEP, NEH, NEI-12, PP, RHI.) Flaubert, Gustav (ALA, ATBS, IN, MA, "The Death of the Hired(CSBE) NAL, NEH2) Man" Madame B(Wary (ALA, ATBS, IN, MA, "The Road Not Taken"(CSBE, RHI.) NAL, NE112) "Stopping by Woods on(RHL) a Snowy Evening" Follett, Ken (SS, YA) "Mending Wall" (RHL)
Forbes, Esther (NE11.2) Fuentes,Carlos (CSBE) Johnny Tremain (NEH2) The Good Conscience (CSBE)
Forester, C.S. (MA, NEI12) Fuller, Iola (ALA) Horatio Hort& lower (MA, NEH2) The I von Feather (ALA) series The African Qiwen (NEH2) Gaines,Ernest (CSBE, X) The Autobiography of (CBSE, X) Forster, E. Ni. )Al A, CSBE, IN, NEI-12, MI., Miss Jane Pittman X) A Passage to India (ALA, CSBE, IN, NEH2, X) Galarza, Ernesto (CSBE) Merchants of Fear (CSBE) Forsyth, Frederick (BS, IN, MA, X) Spiders in the House (CSBE) The Day of the Jackal (BS, IN, NIA, X) The Odessa Tile (BS) Galbraith, John Kenneth (ALA) The Neu' Industrial State(ALA) Fowler, Robert (CSBE) Gallwey, W. Timothy (MA) Fowles, John (BS, MA) The Inner Game of (MA) The French Lieutenant's(135, MA) Tennis IC'onrarr The Magus (MA) Galsworthy, John (ALA, IN, NEH2, X) The Forsyte Saga (ALA, IN, NEH2) Francis, Clare (CSBE) The Man of Property (X) Woman Alone: Sailing (CSBE) Solo Across the Atlantic Gammons, Peter (NIA) Beyond the Sixth Game(NIA) kank. Anne (115, ( :1.C3, CI.13, CSBE, IN, MA, NEH2, SS, YA) (;amow, George (ALA, CSBE) The Diary of a Young (135, CI.C3, 01.13, CI.P2, A PlanetGilled Earth (CSBE) Girl CSBE, IN, NIA, NEI-12, SS, One, Two, Three, (ALA) YA) Infinity: Facts and Speculations of Science Franklin, Benjamin (ALA, CPI, CSBE, H, (;N, IN, NAEP, NE, NEH2, PP, X) Garcia Marquez, Gabriel(IN) Autobiography (ALA, CSBE, GN, IN, NEH2, One Hundred Years of(IN) PP, X) Solitude
3:1 28 Gardner, John C. (ALA, X) Grass, Gunter (ALA) In the Suicide Mountains(X) The Tin Drum (ALA) October Light (X) Graves, Robert (MA, NEI -12) Genovese, Eugene D. ( M A) The Greek Myths (MA) Roll,Jordan, Roll (MA) I, Claudius (MA, NEH2)
George, Jean (CSBE) Green, Hannah (IL, X) The Talking Earth (CSBE) INever Promised You a(ALA, BS, CSBE, IL, X) Rose Garden Gibran, lil (BS) The Prophet (BS) Greenbaum, Dorothy (YA) Lovestrong (YA) Gibson, William (CLC3, CLI3, C1.1v1, CI.P2, CSBE, IN) Greenberg, Joanne (ALA, BS, CSBE, IN, NCTE, The Miracle Worker CLI3, YA) CI.P2, CSBE, IN) The Far Side of Victory (YA) Simple Gifts (YA) Gide, Andre (IN) The Counterfeiters (IN) Greene, Bette (CSBE, X) Summer of My German Giedion, Sigfricd (ALA) Soldier (CSBE, X) Space, Time, and (ALA) Architecture: The Greene, Graham (C1.C3, CSBE, IN, MA, X) Growth of a New A Burnt-Out Case (X) Tradition The Heart of the Matter (X) The Power and the any(CI.C3,CSBE, MA) Gingher, Marianne (YA) Bobby Rex's Greatest Grierson, John (CSBE) Hit (YA) IRemember Lindbergh (CSBE)
Giovanni, Nikki (SS, YA) Griffin, John IL (BS, IL, NE112) Gemini Black Like Me (BS, IL, NEH2)
Glasgow, Ellen (ALA) Grisso, Walker Dixon (CSBE) Vein of Iron (ALA) From Where the Sun (CSBE) Now Stands: Addresses Godwin, Gail (MA) by a Posse of Famous The Odd Woman (MA) Western Speakers The Finishing ,School (MA) Guareschi, Giovanni (ALA, CSBE) Goethe, Johann (NAL) The Little World of Don(ALA, CSBE) Wolfgang von Camillo The Sorrows ofYoung (NAL) Wert her Gunther, John (MA) Death Be Not Proud (MA) Gogol, Nikolai (CSBE, IN, NAL) The Diary of a Madman(NAL) Guthrie, A. B. (CSBE, MA, NE112, X) 'he Overcoat (CSBE, IN) The Big Sky (CSBE, NEH2, X) The Way West (MA) Golding, William (BS, CSBE, IN, NAEP, NEH2, X) Haley, Alex (CSBE, MA) Lord of the Flies (ALA, BS, CI.0 1, C1.11 ,CLP 1 , Roots (MA) CSBE, II., NAEP, NE1-12, X) Hamilton, Edith (ALA, BS, CLC3, CI.P3, IN, Goldwater, Barry B MA, NAL) The Conscience of (BS) Mythology (ALA, BS, CLC3, CLP3, IN, Conservative MA, NAL)
Gordimer, Nadine (MA)( Hammett, Dashiell (CSBE, IN, MA, X) The Maltese Falcon (CSBE, IN, X) Gorky, Maxim (AI.A) The Thin Man (MA) The Lower Depths (ALA)
29 Hansherry, Lorraine (ALA, CLC3, CL13, CLM, Heller, Joseph (ALA, BS, CSBE, H, IN, MA, CLP3, IN, MA, NEH2) NCTE, X) A Raisin in the Sun (ALA, CLC3, CLI3, CLP3, IN, Catch 22 (BS, CSBE, MA, X) NEH2) Something Happened (NCTE) Nothing But aMan (MA) Hellman, Lillian (CSBE, MA, X) Harding, Vincent (ALA) The Little Foxes (CSBE) There Is a River: The (ALA) Pentimento: A Book of(MA) Black Struggle for Portraits Freedom in America Hemingway, Ernest (ALA, APR, BS, CI.C1, CLC3, Hallo, Joy (EAC) CI.P1, CP1, CSBE, 1-1, IL, IN, MA, NAEP, NCTE, NEH2, Hardy, Thomas (ALA, CLC3, CLI3, CLM, PP, RHL, X) CLP3, CP2, CSBE, EBS, IN, A Farewell to Arms (ALA, CLC3, CLP3, CSBE, MA, NAEP, NAL, NE, NEH2, GN, NEH2, PP) PP, RHL, X) For Whom the Bell Tolls(ALA, BS, CSBE, IN, NAEP, Complete Poems (IN, PP) NEH2, PP, X) Far from the Madding (ALA, NAL, NEH2) The Killers (CSBE, IN, NAEP) Crowd The Old Man and the (ALA, CLC2, CLI3, CI.P2, Jude the Obscure (NEH2) Sea CSBE, IL, IN, MA, NAEP, The Mayor of (CSBE, IN, NAL, NEH2, PP) Casterbridge NAEP, NE, NEH2) The Short Happy Life of(NAEP, RHL) The Return of the (ALA, CLP3, CSBE, NAEP, Francis Macomber Native NAL, NEH2) The Snows of (NAEP) Tess of the D'Urbervilles(CLC3, CI.13, CLP3, CSBE, Kilimanjaro GN, IN, MA, NAL, NAEP, The Sun Also Rises (ALA, CLC3, CSBE, H, NAEP, NEH2, X) NEH2, X)
Harrington, Michael (ALA) Henry, 0. (NEH2) The Other America (ALA) Stories (NEH2)
Harris, Thomas (BS) Henry, Patrick (H, NAEP) I'm O.K., You're O.K.: (BS) Speech in Virginia (NAEP) A Practical Guide to Convention, Richmond Transactional Analysis Henry, Will (Chief Joseph) (CSBE) Halle, Bret (H) From Where the Sun (CSBE) The Outcasts of Now Stands Poker Flat Hentoff, Nat (ALA) Hawthorne, Nathaniel (ALA, APR, CI.C1, C1,11, The First Freedom: The (ALA) CI.P1, CPI, CSBE, EBS, GN, Tumultuous Histo",' H, IN, NAEP, NAL, NE, of Free Speech in America NEH, NEH2, PP, RHL, X) The House of the (ATBS, NEH2) Herbert, Frank (ALA, CSBE, SS, YA) Seven Gables The Dune Trilogy (ALA, CSBE, SS, YA) The Scarlet Letter (ALA, CLC1, C1,I1, CLPI, CPI, CSBE, EBS, GN, H, IL, Herr, Michael (CSBE, MA) IN, NAEP, NE, NEH, NEH2, Dispatches (CSBE, MA) PP, X) Twice-Told Tales (PP) Hersey, John (ALA, BS, CSBE, MA, NEH2, The Birthmark (IN) X) A Bell for Adana (ALA, NEH2) Hayden, Torey L. (AI.A) Hiroshima (BS, CSBE, MA, NEH2) One Child (ALA) A Single Pebble (ALA, NEH2, X)
Heilbroner, Robert (ALA, BS) Hesse, Hermann (ALA, CLC3, CSBE, IN, MA, The Worldly (ALA, BS) NCTE, NEI-12, X) Philosophers Siddhartha (ALA, CLC3, CSBE, IL, IN, NCTE, NEH2, X) Heinlein, Robert (IN, SS, YA) Steppentuolf (ALA, MA, NEH2, X) Stranger in a Strange (IN, SS, YA) Demian (NCTE, NEH2) Land
30 33 Heyerdahl, Thor (BS, MA, NEH24 Hughes, Langston (CSBE, H, IN, NAEP, NEH2, The Art of Easter Island(MA) PP, RHL, SS, X, YA) Kon-Tiki (BS, NEH2) Poems (NEH2) Dream Deferred (NAEP, RHI.) Higgins, Jack (SS, X, YA) The Big Sea (PP) The Night of the Fox (SS, YA) The Eagle Has Landed (X) Hugo, Victor (ALA, ATBS, CSBE, H, IN, NEH2) Hilton, James (MA, NEH2) Les Miserah!es (ALA, ATBS, CSBE, NEH2) Lost Horizon (MA, NEH2) The Hunchback of (IN, NEH2) Good-bye, Mr. Chips (NEH2) Notre Dame
Hoffer, Eric (ALA) Hurston, Zora Neale (MA) The True Believer (ALA) Dust Tracks on a Road(MA) Their Eyes Were (MA) Hofstadter, Douglas R. (AIA) Watching God Gude!, Escher, Bach: An(ALA) Eternal Golden Braid Huxley, Aldous (ALA, BS, CLC3, CLI3, CLP3, CSBE, GN, H, IN, NE, NEH2, Hofstadter, Richard (ALA) X) The American Political (ALA) Brave New World (ALA, BS, CLC3, CLI3, CLP3, Tradition and the Men GN, H, IL, IN, NE, NEH2, X) Who Made It Point Counter Point (X)
Holmes, Oliver (CSBE, H) Ibsen, Henrik (ALA, CLC3, CLI3, CLP3, Wendell, Sr. CSBE, GN, H, IL, IN, MA, NAEP, NAL, NCTE, NE, Homer (ALA, CLC2, CLI1, CLM, NEH2, RHL, X) CLP3, CSBE, H, IN, NAEP, A Doll's House (ALA, CLC3, CLI3, CI.P3, NAL, NE, NEH, NEH2) CSBE, IL, IN, NAEP, NCTE, The Iliad (CSBE, IN, NAEP, NAL, NEH2, RHI., X) NEH, NEH2) An Enemy of the People(C1.I3, NAEP, NCTE, NEH2) The Odyssey (ALA, CLC2, C1.I1, CLP3, Hedda Gabler (ALA, IN, NAEP, NEI-12) CSBE, IN, NAEP, NAL, NEH, NEH2) Inada, Lawson (EAC)
Hopkins, Gerard Manley(CP2, IN, NE, RHL) Inkeles, Alex (ALA) "God's Grandeur" (RHI.) What Is Sociology? (ALA) "The Windhover" (RHI.) Ionesco, Eugene (ALA, IN, X) Housman, A. E. (CP2, IN, RHL) The Chairs (IN, X) "To an Athlete Dying (RHL) Rhinoceros (ALA, IN) Young" The Lesson (IN, X) "When I Was One and (RHI.) Twenty" Irving, Washington (CSBE, H, IN, NEH2) The Legend of Sleepy (CSBE, H, IN, NEH2) Houston, Jeanne and (CSBE) Hollow James Rip Van Winkle (CSBE, H) Farewell to Manzanar (CSBE) The Sketch Book (PP)
Howarth, David (CSBE) Jackson, Shirley (CSBE, IN, MA, NCTE, X) /066: The Year of the (CSBE) The Lottery (CSBE, IN) Conquest The Haunting of Hill (CSBE, IN, X) House Hoyt, Patricia (AI.A) We Have Always Lived(IN, MA) How to Get Started (ALA) in the Castle When You Don't Know Where to Begin Jacobs, Jane (ALA) The Death and Life of (ALA) Hudson, William H. (ALA, CSBE, NEH2, X) Great American Cities Green Mansions (ALA, CSBE, NEH2, X)
36 31 James, Henry (ALA, CPI, CSBE, GN, H, IN, Kaplan, Abraham (ALA) NAEP, NAL., NE112, PP, X) The New World,of (AI.A) An International Episode(IN) Philosophy Daisy Miller (NAEP, NEI -12) The Lesson of the Master(IN) Kaplan, Justin (MA) The Ambassadors (ALA, NAL, PP, X) Mr. Clemens and Mark (MA) The American (NEH2, PP) Twain The Portrait of a Lady (NAEP, NAL, NE112, PP) The Turn of the Screw (ALA, GN, IN, NAL, NEF12) Kazantzakis, Nikos (ALA, IN) Washington Square (CSBE, X) Lorba the Greek (IN) The Greek Passion (IN) Janson, Horst W. (Al A) A History of Art and (ALA) Keats, John (CPI, F1, IN, NAEP, NE112, Music PP, Ri 11.) "La Belle Dame Sans (R111.) Jefferson, Thomas (H, PP) Merci" First Inaugural Address (PP) "Ode on a Grecian Urn" (R1-11.) "Ode to a Nightingale"(RHI.) Jenkins, Peter (ALA, CSBE) "On First Looking into (RILL) A Walk Across America(ALA, CSBE) Chapman's Homer"
,lerton, Ed (YA) Keillor, Garrison (SS, YA) Rainey (YA) Lake Wobegon Days (SS, YA)
Johanson, Donald, and (ALA, MA) Keller, Helen (Al.A, CSBE, NE112) Maitland Edey The Story of My Life (ALA, NEH2) Lucy, the Beginnings (ALA, MA) of Humankind Kennedy, John F. (C.SBE, I I) Address at City Flail, (CSBE) Jones, Landon (ALA) West Berlin, 6/26/63 Great Expectations: (ALA) Inaugural Address (H) America and the Baby 1/20/61 Boom Generation Profiles in Courage (CSBE)
Jong, Erica (BS) Kesey, Ken (AI.A, CLC3, IN, MA, X) Fear of Flying (BS) One Hew Over the (ALA, CLC3, IN, MA, X) Cuckoo's Nest Joyce, James (ALA, CLC3, CSBE, GN, FI, Sometimes a Great (MA) IN, MA, NAEP, NE, NEH2, Notion RIR) Dubliners (CSBE, IN, GN, MA, NE, Kesselring, Joseph (IN) NEH2) Arsenic and Old Lace (IN) A Po rtrait of the Artist(ALA, CLC3, CSBE, II., IN, as a Young Mart NAEP, NE1-12, PP) Keyes, Daniel (ALA, CLP3, IN, X) The Dead (IN) Flowers For Algernon (AI.A, CLP3, IN, X) Ulysses (NAEP) Kidder, Tracy (MA) l'ungk, Robert (ALA) The Soul of a New (MA) Brighter than a (ALA) Machine Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the King, Martin Luther, Jr. (CSBE, H, NAEP, PP) Atomic Scientists "I Have a Dream" speech (CSBE, H, NAEP, PP)
Kafka, Franz (Al A, CLI3, CP2, CSBE, IN, King, Stephen (IN, X, YA) NCIE, NE112, R1-11., X) Misery (YA) The Metamorphosis (ALA, C1.13, CSBE, IN, NCIE, The Shining (IN, X) NE112) The Penal Colony (CSBE) Kingston, Maxine Hong (MA) The 'Fria! (ALA, IN, NEI-12, X) China Men (MA)
Kahn, Roger (MA) The Boys of Summer (MA)
32 Kipling, Rudyard (Al A, BS, CSBE, EBS, 11, IN, Lee, Harper (ALA, BS, CI.C. I, (:1.11, CLP1, NM., NE112, RIII., X) CSBE, II., IN, NEI 12, X) Barrack-Room Ballads (EBS) To Kill a Mockingbird (ALA, 13S, CI.C1, CLII, (I.P1, Captains Courageous (X) CSBE, II., NAEP, NE.112, X) Kim (ALA, IN, NAI., NH 12) Plain Tales front the (EBS) Le Coin, Ursula K. (ALA, ( :SBE, IN, NIA, NCTE) I tills The Larthsea trilogy (CSBE) The Jungle Book (BS, CSBE, PP) The Lathe of Heaven (A) The Wind's 'Twelve (NC.:TE) !dine, Morris (Al.A) Q fla rters Mathematics in Western(ALA) Culture Leopold, Aldo (MA) A Sand County Almanac (NIA) Knowles, John (ALA, CI.C2, CL13, CLM, CI.P2, CSBE, IN, NE112) I.eVert, John (IA) A Separate Peace (ALA, CL(.22, CLI3, CIT2, The Hight of the (IA) CSBE, II., IN, NEH2) Ca SSOWa ry
Koestler, Arthur (IN, MA, NE.H2, PP ,X) Levy, Jacques E. (CSBE) Darkness at Noon (IN, MA, NEF12, PP, X) Cesar Chavez: (CSBE) The Case of the Midwife(MA) Autobiography of 'Toad La Causa
Kogawa, Joy (MA) Lewis, Sinclair (ALA, BS, CSBE, IL, IN, Obasan (MA) NAI., NE112, PP) Babbitt (BS, CSBE, II, IN, NAI., Kosinski, Jerzy (Al A) NEH2, PP) The Painted Bird (ALA) Main Street (ALA, BS, CSBE, NAL, NEI 12, PP) Kundera, Milan (MA) Arrowsnrith (ALA, NAI., NE1-12) The Joke (MA) I.idz, Theodore (Al A) Lao Tzu (IN) The Person, His and Her (ALA) -11zo Te Ching (IN) De:w/o/meat Throughout the Life Cycle Carrick, Nancy (Ed.) (ALA) C:razy to be Alive in (ALA) Lilienthal, David (CSBE) Such a Strange World My Faith in Democracy(CSBE)
Lawrence, D. II. (ALA, BS, CSBE, 11, MA, Lincoln, Abraham (CSBE, II, PP) NAI., NH12, RIM) Address at Cooper (IT) Sons and Lovers (ALA, IN, MA, NA1., NELI2) Union, New York, Lady Chatterley's Lover (BS) 2/27/1860 The Fox (IN) First Inaugural Address, (PI') The Rucking,' -horse (CSBE) March 4, 1861 Winner Address at Gettysburg, (CSBE, H, PP) November 19, 1863 Lawrence, Jerome, and (( :1.1)3, NEH2) Last Public Address, (PP) Robert E. Lee Washington, D.C., Inherit the Wind (CI.P3, NE112) April 11, 1865 Letter to Horace Greeley,(PP) Least Heat Mum, William (MA) August 22, 1862 Blue Highways (MA) Second Inaugural Address, (CSBE, I I, l'1') March 4, 1865 I.e Carre, John (( :SBE, IN, MA, SS, X) 'linker, Tailor, Soldier, (IN, MA, SS, X) Lindbergh, Anne (MA) Spy Gift from the Sea (MA) The Spy Who Came in (IN, X) from the Cold Lindsey, Hal, and (BS) 1 he Honourable (MA) C. C. Carlson Schoolboy The Late Great Planet (BS) Smiley's People (MA, X) Earth
33 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Llewellyn, Richard (ALA, IN, NEH2, X) Mann, Thomas (ALA, H, IN, NEI-12) I-lowGreen Was My (ALA, IN, NEH2, X) Death in Venice (ALA, IN) Valley The Magic Mountain (ALA, NE112)
I.ocke, John (IL PP) Markandaya, Kamala (ALA) ALetter Concerning (PP) Nectar in a Sieve (ALA) Toleration; Second Treatise of Marlowe, C:hris:opher (ALA, IN, NAI., NE112) Dr. Faustus (NE112) London, Jack (BS, CLM, (:SBE, IN, NAEP, NAL, NCTE, NE112, X) Marvell, Andrew (CP2, IN, RI11.) The Sea-Wolf (CSBE, NCTE, NEI12, PP) "To His Coy Mistress"(IN, RIII.) The Call of the Wild (BS, CLP2, IN, NAEP, NAI., PP, X) Marx, Karl (ALA, NEH, II) Communist Manifesto (NEI-1) Longfellow, Henry W. (ATBS, CSBE, H, NAEP, PP) The Song of I liawatha (H) M-son, Bobbie Ann (YA) My Lost Youth (CSBE) InCountry (YA) Poems (ATBS, CSBE) The Midnight Ride of (NAEP) Masters, Edgar lee (CSBE, PP) Paul Revere Spoon River Anthology(CSBE, PP)
Lorenz, Konrad (Al A, MA) Matthicssen, Peter (CSBE) King Solomon's Ring (MA) Sal Si Puedes: Cesar (CSBE) On Aggression (ALA) Chavez and the New American Revolution Lowell, Robert (RHI.) Maugharn, W. Somerset (ALA, BS, CSBE, NCIT., Lyle, Sparky (MA) NE1-12, X) The Bronx Zoo (NIA) OfHuman Bondage (BS, CSBE, NEI-12) The Moon and Sixpence(X) Machiavelli, N. (IL, IN, NAL, NEI-1, NEI-12) The Prince (II., IN, NAL, NELL NEI12) McCorkle,Jill (YA) The Cheer leader (YA) MacLeish, Archibald (IN, NIA, NEH2, RI-IL) Ars Poet ica (RI IL) McCullers, Carson (ALA, CSBE, IN, I\4A, NcrE, J.B. (NIA, NEI-12) NE112, X) The Ballad of the Sad (CSBE, IN, X) Mailer, Norman (BS, MA, X) Cafe The Armies of the Night(MA) The Heart is a Lonely (ALA, CSBE, IN, NEI12, X) The Naked and the Dead(BS, MA, X) Hunter The Member of the (CSBE, MA, NEI12) Malamud, Bernard (ALA, CSBE, IN, NCH, RHI., Wedding X) The Fixer (IN, X) McCullough, David (MA) The Assistant (CSBE, NCTE) Mornings on Horseback(MA)
Malcolm X (ALA, CSBE, IN, SS) McLuhan, Marshal I A) The Autobiography of (ALA, CSBE, IN, SS) Understanding Media: (ALA) Malcolm X The Fxtensions of Man
Malory, Sir Thomas (NEI-12) McNeill, William H. (ALA, I-I) I.e Morte d'Arthur (NEI-12) A World History (ALA, H)
Malraux, Andre (ALA) Mcl'hee, John (MA) Man'sFate (ALA) Coming into the Country(MA) Levels of the Game (MA) Maltz, Maxwell (BS) Psycho-Cybernetics (BS) Mead, Margaret (ALA) Cultureand (ALA) Manchester, William (AI,A) Commitment: The New The Glory and the (ALA) Relationships between Dream; A Narrative the Generations in the History of America. 1970s 1932-1972
34 Meltzer, Milton (ALA) Moliere, Jean (ALA, CSBE, IN, MA, Rill.) Never to Forget: The (ALA) The Misanthrope (ALA, IN) Jews of the Holocaust The Miser (AI.A) Tartuffe (MA, RM.) Melville, Herman (ALA, CI.C3, 01.13, CI.P.3, The Doctor in Spite of (CSBE) CPI, CSBE, EBS, II, IN, Himself NAEP, NAI., NCTE, NE11, NEH2, PP, X) Momaday, N. Scott (MA) Moby-Dick (ALA, CSBE, EBS, H, House Made of Dawn (MA) NAEP, NAL, NE, NEH, NEI 12, PP) Monsarrat, Nicholas (ALA, CSBE, IN, MA, Billy Budd (ALA, CLC3, 01.1.3, CI,P3, NEH2, X) CSBE, IN, NAEP, NAL, The Cruel Sea (ALA, CSBE, IN, MA, NEH2, PP, X) NE112, X)
Michener, James (BS, OBE, IL, IN, NEH2, X, Montaigne, Michel de (II) YA) Hawaii (BS, X) Moore, Marianne RIIL) Centennial (BS, IN, X) "Poetry" (RIK) Chesapeake (CSBE) Tales of the South Pacific (BS, CSBE) Moore, Ruth (MA) The Bridge at Toko-Ri (CSBE, 11., IN, NEF12, X) Man, Time, and Fossils(MA) The Source (BS, X) Moorehead, Alan (MA) Mill, John Stuart (P1') The White Nile (MA) Considerations on (PP) Representative Morris, Desmond (BS) Government The Naked Ape (BS) "Childhood and Youth" (PP) from Autobiography of Morrison, Toni (NIA) John Stuart Mill Song of Solomon (MA)
Millay, Edna St. Vincent (IN, NCTE) Mowat, Farley (MA) And No Birds Sang (MA) Miller, Arthur ((ICI, C1.11, C:I.PI, CSBE, IN, MA, NAEP, NCTE, Nabokov, Vladimir (BS, CSBE, MA) NE112, PP, RILL, X) Lolita (BS, MA) The Crucible (ALA, CLC2, CI.13, CI.P2, Pale Fire (CSBE.) CSBE, IL, IN, MA, NAEP, NCTE, NEF12, PP, X) Neihardt, John (SS) Death of a Salesman (ALA, CLC3, C:1,I3, CI.P2, Black Elk Speaks (SS) CSBE, 1-1, IN, NAEP, PP, RIM, X) Neill, A. S. (ALA) Stimmerhill (ALA) Milton, John (CP2, CSBE, IN, NAL, NAEP, NE, NEH, NEH2_, PP, RI-11F Neruda, Pablo (RI-11.) Paradise Lost (11, NAEP, NAI., NEI I) "The Word" (RI-IL) "The United Fruit Co."(RM.) Mirkin, Gabe, and (ALA) Marshall Hoffman Neufeld, John (X) The Sportsmedicine Book (ALA) Lisa, Bright and Dark (X)
Mishima, Yukio (ALA, CSBE, IN) Nietzsche, Friedrich (11) The Sound of Waves (ALA, CSBE) The Sailor Who Fell (IN) Nomberg-Przytyk, Sara (YA) from Grace with the Auschwitz: True 'Tales (YA) Sea front a Grotesque Land
Mitchell, Margaret (ALA, BS, IN, NEI-12, X) Nordhuff, Charles, and (ALA, BS, CSBE, IN, NEI -I2) Gone With the Wind (ALA, 135, H, IN, NEH2, X) James Norman Hall Men Against the Sea (ALA) Milton, Simon (MA) Mutiny on the Bounty (ALA, BS, CSBE, IN, NEH2) The Crab Nebula (MA) Pitcairn's Island (ALA, IN)
35 Norman, Marsha (EAC) Ovid (IN, NAL) 'Night, Mother (EAC) Metamorphoses (IN, NAL)
North, James (YA) Page, Elizabeth (AIA) Freedom Rising (YA) The Tree of Liberty (ALA)
O'Brien, Patrick J. (BS) Paine, Thomas (AP, CSBE, H, PP) Will Rogers (BS) Common Sense, 1 776 (AP, CSBE, PP) Rights of Man (AP) O'Brien, Tim (ALA, MA, X) The Crisis (No. I: (PP) Going after Cacciato (ALA, MA, X) "A Call to Patriots")
O'Connor, Flannery (CLIP, CSBE, IN, MA, NAEP, Palmer, David (YA) RHI., X) Emergence ( Y A ) Everything that Rises (CSBE, MA) Must Converge Parkman, Francis (ATBS) The Life You Save May(CSBE) The Oregon Trail (ATBS) Be Your Own Wise Blood (IN) Pasternak, Boris (BS, NEH2) Doctor Zhivago (BS, NEH2) O'Connor, Frank (MA) Collected Stories (MA) Paton, Alan (ALA, CLI3, CSBE, IL, IN, NEH2, PP, X) O'Hara, John (MA, X) Cr)', the Beloved Country(ALA, C:I.13, CSBE, IL, IN, Appointment in Samarra(X) NEH2, PP, X) Butterfield 8 (X) A Rage to Live (X) Peale, Norman Vincent (BS) Ten North Frederick (X) The Power of Positive (BS) Thinking O'Neill, Eugene (IN, NEH2, X) Long Day's Journey into (IN, NEE -12) Percy, Walker (MA, X) Night The Last Gentleman (MA) The Emperor Jones (NEH2) The Moviegoer (X) Mourning Becomes (NEH2) Electra Peterson, Houston (CSBE) A Treasury of the (CSBE) Oates, Joyce Carol (CSBE, MA) World's Great Speeches Them (MA) Where Are You Going (CSBE) Petry, Ann (CSBE) and Where Have You Harriet Tubman: (CSBE) Been Conductor on the Underground Railroad Olsen, Tillie (ALA) Tell Me a Riddle (ALA) Pinter, Harold (IN, MA, X) The Birthday Party (IN, X) Omar Khayyam (IBS) The Caretaker (IN, MA) The Rubaiyat (EBS) The Dumb Waiter (IN) The Homecoming (IN) Oppcnhcim, E. Phillips (BS) The Great Impersonation (BS) Pirandello, Luigi (AI,A, RI IL) Six Characters in Search(ALA, RI II.) Orczy, Emmuska, (CI.P3) of an Author Baroness 'The Scarlet Pimpernel (C1.P3) Plath, Sylvia (CSBE, IN, MA, NCI-E) The Bell Jar (csBE, NcrE) Orwell, George (ALA, BS, CLCI, CI.11, CI.P3, CSBE, IN, MA, NAEP, NAL, Plato (CSBE, GN, H, IN, NAEP, NEH, NEH2, X) NAL, NF.H) Animal Farm (BS, CI.C2, CLI3, CLP2, Great Dialogues of Plato(NAL) CSBE, IL, IN, MA, NAEP, Republic (GN, NEH) NEH, NEH2, X) "Ehe Death of Socrates (CSBE) 1984 (CI,C3, 01,13, CLP3, CSBE, IL, NAEP, NEH, NEH2) The Road to Wigan Pier(MA)
36 Plimpton, George (MA) Reich, Charles A. (BS) Paper Lion (MA) The Greening of AP112r1Ca (BS)
Plutarch (NE) Remarque, Erich Maria (ALA, ES, C:1.13, CI.P3, CSBE, Parallel Lives (NE) II,, NEH2, X) All Quiet on the Western (ALA, ES, C:1.13, CI.P3, USER, Poe, Edgar Allan (ALA, C:1.113, CPI, USER, EBS, Front II., NE.H2, X) H, IL, N, NAEP, NAI, NcrE, NE, NEH2, RHI.) Renault, Mary (IN, NIA, NEH2, X) Tales of Mystery and (PP) The Bull front the Sea (IN, MA) Imagination The King Must Die (IN, MA, NEH2, X) The Poems of Edgar (NEI-12, PP) The Last of the Wine (MA) Allan Poe Poems and Tales: (ALA, CLP3, CSEE, NE) Rice, Edward (CSBE.) "Annabel Lee" (NAEP) Margaret Mead: A (OBE) "The Raven" (I-I, NAEP) Portrait The Cask of Amontillado (IN) The Fall of the House of (ALA, CSBE, NAL, NCTE) Rich, Adrienne (II., IN, RI-11.) Usher The Pit and The (CSBE, IN, NCTE) Richter, Co,--ad (ALA, (.N1, CI.P3, CSBE) Pendulum The Sea of Grass (ALA) The Tell-Tale Heart (CSBE, IN, NCTE) The Light in the Forest (CI.P3, CSBE)
Poggie, John J. (USER) Rivera, Tomas (EAC) "And the Earth Did Not(EAC) Pope, Alexander (H, IN, PP) Part" The Rape of the Lock (PP) Roberts, Kenneth (ALA, MA, NEH2, X) Porter, Katherine Ann (CSBE, II,, MA, X) Northwest Passage (ALA, MA, NEH2, X) Flowering Judas (IL., MA) Pale Horse, Pale Rider (USER, II.) Robinson, Edward (CSBE, IN) Ship of Fools (CSEE, X) Arlington The Leaning Tower (II "Mr. Flood's Party" (CSEE) "Richard Cory" (CSBE) Potok, Chaim (ES, CSBE, IL, X) The Chosen (ES, II., X) Rodriguez, Richard (MA) My Name Is Asher Lev (X) Hunger of Memory: The (MA) The Promise ((:SU., X) Education of Richard Rodriguez Pound, Ezra (IN, REIL) "The Garden" (R1-11.) Rolvaag, O. E. (ALA, USER, IN, NEH2, X) "The River Merchant's (R1-11.) Giants in the Earth (ALA, USER, IN, NEH2, X) Wife: A Letter" "The Seafarer" Rostand, Edmond (ALA, IL, MA, NCTE, NEH2) Cyrano de Bergerac Al (A, IL, MA, NCI E, NEH2) Proust, Marcel (1) Roszak, Theodore (ALA) Rabelais, Francois (H) The Making of a Counter (ALA) Culture Rand, A yn (ES) The Fountainhead (BS) Roueche, Berton (NIA) The Medical Detectives (NIA) Randall, John I I., Jr., and(AEA) Justus Buehler Rousseau, Jean Jacques (I I, IN) Philosophy: An (AI A) Emile (IN) Introduction Russell, Bertrand (ALA) Rawlings, Marjorie (ALA, IN, NEI12, X) Ilistory of Western (ALA) The Yearling (ALA, IN, NEH2, X) Philosophy
Redman, Eric (ALA) Sagan, Carl (ALA, MA) The Dance of Legislation (AI.A) Cosmos (ALA) The Dragons of Eden (NIA)
BEST COPY AVAILABLE 37 Saint Augustine (CSBE, H, NAL) Shakespeare, William (ALA, CLC1, CLI1, CLP1, Confessions of Saint (CSBE, NAL) CP1, CSBE, EBS, GN, H, IN, Augustine NAEP, NAL, NE, NEH, NEH2, PP, RI-IL) Saint-Exupery, Antoine de(ALA, BS, IN, MA, NEH2, X, Hamlet (ALA, CLC1, CLI1, CLP1, YA) CSBE, GN, H, IN, NAEP, The Little Prince (ALA, BS, IN, MA, NEH2, NAL, NEH, PP) YA) Julius Caesar (CLC1, CLII, CLPI, H, IN, Night Flight (MA) NAEP, NAL, PP) Wind, Sand and Stars (MA, X) Macbeth (ALA, CLC1, CLP1, CSBE, H, IL, IN, NAEP, NAL, NEH) Saki (NE.112) Romeo and Juliet (CLC1, C1.11, CI.P1, F1, IL, Stories (NEH2) IN, NAEP, NAL) A Midsummer Night's (ALA, CLC3, CLI3, CLP3, Sartre, Jean Paul (ALA, H, IN, NCTE, X) Dream CSBE, GN, IN, NAL) No Exit (ALA, IN, X) The Merchant of Venice(CLC2, CLI3, CLP3, CSBE, H, IN, NAL) Salinger, J. D. (ALA, BS, CLC2, CLI3, CLM, Othello (ALA, CLC3, CLI3, CLP3, CLP3, CSBE, H, IL, IN, MA, CSBE, H, IN, RHI.) NCTE, NEH, NEH2, PP, X) Henry IV (Part I) (IN, NAL) The Catcher in the Rye (ALA, BS, CLC2, CLI3, CLP3, Henry V (CSBE, IL) CSBE, H, II., MA) Richard 11 (NAL) Franny and Zooey (CSBE) As You Like It (IL, IN, PP) Nine Stories (MA) Twelfth Night (IN, NAL) King Lear (CLC3, CLI3, CLP3, H, NAL) Sandhurg, Carl (CSBE, H, IN, NEH2, PP) Sonnets (NAL, NE, PP) Abe Lincoln Grows Up(CSBE) Abraham Lincoln: The (NEH2) Shaw, George Bernard (ALA, CLC3, CLI3, CLM, Prairie Years CLP3, CSBE, H, IN, MA, NAL, NAEP, NEH2, PP, RHL, Sartoli, Al (ALA) X) Everything We Had: An (ALA) Arms and the Man (IL, MA, NEH2) Oral History of the Caesar and Cleopatra (MA) Vietnam War as Told by Major Barbara (IN, NAI., NEH2, PP, X) Thirty-Three American Pygmalion (ALA, CLC3, C1,13, C1.133, Soldiers Who Fought It CSBE, H, IL, IN, NAEP, NEH2, PP) Sappho (H) Saint Joan (ALA, MA, NEH2)
Saroyan, William (ALA, CSBE, IN, NEI12, X) Sheldon, Sidney (BS, SS, YA) The Human Comedy (ALA, CSBE, IN, NEH2, X) The Other Side of (BS) Midnight Sayers, Dorothy (MA, NEH2) The Nine Tailors (MA, NEH2) Shellaharger, Samuel (ALA, BS) Prince of Foxes (ALA, ES) Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. (ALA) The Imperial Presidency (ALA) Shelley, Mary (CLC3, CSBE, IN, MA, NAL, NAEP, NEI-12, X) Scott, Sir Walter (CSBE, EBS, H, NAI., NE, Frankenstein (CLC3, IN, MA, NAL, NAEP, NEH2) NEH2, X) Ivanhoe (CSBE, EBS, NEH2) Kenilworth (EBS) Shelley, Percy Bysshe (CP2, H, IN, NE, PP, RH1.) "Ozymandias" (RHI.) Sexton, Anne (IN, MA, RH1.) 'Ode to the West Wind" (RI-IL) "Her Kind" "Ringing the Bells" (RHL) Shirer, William L. (BS) "The Starry Night" (RHL) The Rise and Fall of the(BS) "Two Hands" (R1-11.) Third Reich "US" (RFIL) Shute, Nevil (BS, CSBE, IN, NEH2, X) On the Beach (BS, CSBE, IN, NEH2, X)
Sidney, Mary (NYT2)
38 Sienkiewicz, Henryk (ALA) Steinbeck, John (ALA, BS, CLC1, CLI1, CLP1, Quo Vadis (ALA) CSBE, IL, IN, MA, NAEP, NCTE, NEH, NEH2, PP, Si lko, Leslie (EAC) RHL, X) Cannery Row (BS) Sillitoe, Alan (CSBE, X) East of Eden (MA, NEH2, X) The Loneliness of the (CSBE, X) Of Mice and Men ;ALA, CLC1, CLI2, CLP1, Long-Distance Runner CSBE, IN, NCTE, NEH2, X) The Acts of King Arthur(MA) Sinclair, Upton (BS, CSBE) and His Noble Knights The Jungle (BS, CSBE) The Grapes of Wrath (BS, CLC2, CLI3, CLP3, CSBE, H, IL, IN, MA, NAEP, Singer, Isaac (ALA) NEH, NEH2, PP, X) The Slave (ALA) The Pearl (BS, CLC2, CLI3, CLP2, CSBE, IL, IN, NCTE, NEH2) Smith, Adam (PP) The Red Pony (CI.P2, CSBE, IN, PP) The Wealth of Nations (PP) Stendhal (IN, NAL, X) Smith, Betty (NEH2) The Red and the Black (X) A Tree Grows in (NEH2) Brooklyn Stevens, Wallace (RHL) "Thirteen Ways of (RH1.) Snow, C. P. (ALA) Looking at a Blackbird" The Two Cultures: And(ALA) a Second Look Stevenson, Robert Louis (ALA, CI.M, CLP3, CSBE, EBS, H, IN, NAI., NEH2, PP, Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr (ALA, BS, CI,C3, CSBE, IN, X) NAL, NCTE, X) Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (ALA, CSBE, H, IN, NAL, Cancer Ward (IN, X) NEH2, PP, X) One Day in the Life of(CLC3, CSBE, IL, IN) Kidnapped (ALA, CSBE) Ivan Denisovich Treasure lslard (CLP3, CSBE, EBS, H, IN, The Gulag Archipelago (ALA, BS) NAL, PP)
Sophocles (ALA, .CLC1, CU], CSBE, H, Stewart, Mary (IN, SS, X, YA) IL, IN, NAL, NE, NEH, The Crystal Cave (IN, SS, X, YA) NEH2, RHI.) Oedipus Rex (ALA, CLC2, CL13, CLP3, Stoker, Bram (NEH2, X) CSBE, IL, IN, NEH, NEH2, Dracula (NEH2, X) RHL) Antigone (CLC2, CI.I3, CLP3, I-I, IN, Stone, Irving (ALA, BS, CSBE, IN, SS, X) NEH2, RHI.) The Agony and the (BS, CSBE, IN, SS, X) Ecstasy Spark, Muriel (MA, X) Lust for Life (AI.A) The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (MA, X) Love Is Eternal (AI.A, BS)
Spenser, Edmund (H, IN) Stoppard, Tom (ALA, IN, MA) Rosencrantz (ALA, IN) Spiegelman, Art (YA) Guildenstern Are Dead Maus: A Survivor's Tale(YA) The Betrayal (MA) The Real Inspector (IN) Stafford, William (CSBE) Hound "Fifteen" (CSBE) Travesties (IN, MA)
Steel, Danielle (85 million copies of this author's hooks Stowe, Harriet Beecher (EBS, CSBE, NAEP, NAI., sold (Time, March 21, 19881) NEH2, PP) Uncle Tom's Cabin (ATBS, CSBE, H, NAEP, NAI., Stein, Gertrude (1-1) NEH2, PP)
Stein, Joseph (IN) Strindhcrg, August (ALA) Fiddler on the Roof (IN) The Father (AI.A) Miss Julie (AI.A)
Styron, William (X) The Confessions of (X) Nat Turner 4 4 39 Suhl, Yuri (CSBE) Thurber, James (CSBE, H, IN, NEH2, X) On the Other Side of the (CSBE) My Life and Hard Times (IN) Gate My WorldAnd (CSBE) Welcome to It Susann, Jacqueline (NYT2) The Thirteen Clocks (IN, X) The Night the Ghost (IN) Swift, Jonathan (ALA, APR, CI.C3, CLI3, Got In CI.P3, CSBE, EBS, H, IN, MA, NAEP, NAL, NE, NEH2, PP, Timerman, Jacob° (AI.A) RHL) Prisoner Without a (ALA) A Modest Proposal (PP, RE11.) Name, Cell Without Gulliver's Travels (ALA, CI,C3, CLI3, CLP3, a Number CSBE, EBS, H, IN, MA, NAEP, NAL, NE112, PP) Tocqueville, Alexis de (ALA, CSBE, H, IN, NAEP, NEH) Taylor, Edward (CP1) Democracy in America (ALA, CSBE, IN, NAEP, NEH)
Taylor, Joshua C. (ALA) Toffler, Alvin (ALA) Learning to Look: A (ALA) Future Shock (ALA) Handbook for the The Third Wave (ALA) Visual Arts "colkien, J. R. R. (ALA, CLC3, C1.M, CLP3, 'Tennyson, Alfred Lord (CP2, CSBE, EBS, H, IL, IN, CSBE, IL, IN, MA, NEH2, X) PP, RHI.) The Hobbit (CLC3, CLP3, IN, NEH2, X) "In Memoriam" (RHL) The Lord of the Rings (ALA, CSBE, IN, MA, NEH2) "The Charge of the (CSBE) trilogy Light Brigade" Tolstoy, Leo (ALA, CSBE., EBS, H, IN, Terkel, Studs (ALA, NIA) NAL, NEH, NEH2, PP, RHL, Working: People Talk (ALA, MA) X) About What They Do Anna Karenina (ALA, CSBE, IN, NAI., NEH2, All Day and How They X) Feel About What They Do Master and Man (IN) The Death of IvanIlyich (NAL, PP, RHL.) Thackeray, (ALA, EBS, (:SBE, IN, NEH2, War and Peace (ALA, CSBE, EBS, IN, NAL, X) NEH, NEH2) Vanity Fair (ALA, EBS, CSBE, IN, NEFI2, X) -roomer, Jean (MA, X) Cane (MA, X) Thomas, Dylan (CP2, CSBE, IN, NE, PP, RIII.) Truth, Sojourner (CSBE) "Do Not Go Gentle into(RHL) that Good Night" 'curgenev, Ivan (ALA, IN, NAL, NEH2) "Fern Hill" (CSBE) Fathers and Sons (IN, NEH2) Under Milk Wood (IN) First Love (IN) Torrents of Spring (IN) Thomas, Lewis (ALA, MA) The lives of a Cell: (ALA, MA) Twain, Mark (ALA, APR, CLC I, C1.11, Notes of a Biology CI.P1, CPI, (:SBE, EBS, GN, Watcher H, II., IN, NAEP, NAL., The Youngest Science: IMA) NCTE, NE, NEH, NEI-12, PP, Notes of a Medicine- RHL, X) Watcher The Adventures of (ALA, (ICI, CLI1, CEP!, Huckleberry Finn CSBE, EBS, GN, H, II., IN, Thoreau, Henry David (ALA, CP1, CSBE, EBS, II, IL, NA1., NCTE, NEI1, NEE 12, IN, NAEP, NAL, NCTE, NE, PP, X) NEH, NEH2) The Adventures of Tom(CLP2, CSBE, I I, NAEP, NAI , Walden (ALA, CSBE, EBS, H, NAI., Sawyer NCTE, NEI-12, PP, X) NCTE, NE, NEH, NEH2) life on the Mississippi (CSBE, IL, NCTE) CivilD1S()bedienCe (ALA, (:SBE, IN, NAL) The Prince and the (CI.P3, NE142, X) Pauper A Connecticut Yankee in(NEE -12) King Arthur's Court
40 Twombly, Estella Portent) (EAC) Washington, George (AP, H, NAEP, PP) First Inaugural Address,(AP) Uchida, Yoshiko (CSBE) April 30, 1789 Desert Exile: The (CSBE) Farewell Address, (H, NAEP, PP) Uprooting of a Japanese September 17, 1796 American Family Samurai of Gold Hill (CSBE) Watson, James 1). (MA) The Double Helix (MA) Undset, Sigrid (ALA, IN) Kristen Lat.ransdatter (ALA, IN) Waugh, Evelyn (NEI-12, X) (trilogy) BI ideshead Revisited (NEI12, X) The Lovec: One (11., X) Updike, John (BS, IN, MA, NCTE, NEH2, RHL) Wells, H. G. (BS, CI.C3, CSBE, H, IN, Couples (BS) NAL, NEH2., X) Rabbit, Run (NCTE, NEH2) 7e invisible Man (CSBE, IN, X) Pigeon Feathers (MA) 'The Time Machine (CI.C3, IN, NE112, X) The War of the Worlds(GSM, IN, NEH2) Vanzetti, Bartolomeo, and(CSBE) Outline of History (BS) Nicola Sacco Last Words (CSBE) Eudora (IN, MA, 1U-11,, X) Delta Wedding (IN, X! Virgil (CSBE, IN, NAL, NE, NEH, The Whistle (IN) NEH2) A Visiting of Chanting (IN) The Aeneid (CSBE, NE, NEH, NEH2) A Worn Path (RE11.) One Writer's Beginnings(MA) Verne, Jules (CSBE, NEH2, X) Around the 1.Vor Id in (CSBE, NEI-12, X) \X'harton, Edith (ALA, CI.C3, CI.P3, GSM, H, Eighty Days IL, IN, NAL, NEH2, X) Twenty Thousand (CSBE, NEI-12) Ethan Ironic (ALA, GEM, GSM, IN, Leagues Under the Sea NAL, NEH2, X) False Dawn (IN) Viorst, Judith (YA) The Age of Innocence (NEH2) Necessary Losses (YA) Wharton, William (ALA) Voigt, Cynthia (X) Birdy (ALA) I Ion:coning (X) White, T. CSBE, IN, NEI-12, Voltaire (CSBE, IN, NAL, NCTE, RI-11,, SS, YA) NEH2, X) The Once and Future (CI.C3, (:SliF., IN, NI:1-12, SS, Candide (CSBE, IN, NAI., NCTE, King VA) NEH2, X) White, Theodore (NIA) Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr. (ALA, CSBE, IN, MA, X) The Making of the (NIA) Cat's Cradle (ALA, CSBE, IL, IN, X) President Slaughterhouse -Fu 'e (ALA, CSBE, IN, MA) Whitman, \Valt (CPI, GSM:, EBS, 1-1, IN, Walker, Alice (CSBE, MA, MIL, SS, X) NAEP, Mil.) African Images (CSBE) "A Noiseless Patient (RHL) The Color Purple (MA, SS, X) Spider" Leaves of Grass (GSM, EBS, NAEP, NEW \Varner, Susan (NY I'2) The Ox-7anzer (CSBE) The Wide, Wide World(NYT2) \X'iesel, Elie (CI.13, NIA) Warren, Robert Penn ((:SBE, MA, NEF12, X) Night (C1,13, MA) All the King's Men (CSBE, MA, NEI-12, X) Wilde, Oscar (ALA, (:SBE, H, IN, NAL, Washington, Booker T. (CSBE, NEH2) NEI12, X) tip from Slavery (NEH2) The Picture of Dorian (ALA, CSBE, IN, NAI., NCTE:, Gray NEI-12, X) 'ay Importance of Being(NEH2) Earnest
41 Wilder, Thornton (ALA, CI.C3, C1.12, CLP2, Yeats, William Butler (CP1, PI, IN, NAEP, NE, PP, CSBE, H, IL, IN, NAEP, RHI.) NEH2, X) Leda and the Swan (RHI.) Our Town (ALA, CI.C3, CI.12, CLP2, "Sailing to Byzantium"(RHI,) CSBE, IL, IN, NA EP, A Prayer for my (RHI.) NEH2) Daughter The Bridge of San Luis(ALA, CSBE, IN, NEH2, X) The Lake Isle of Innisfree(121-1L) Rey "The Second Coming" (RHI.) The Matchmaker (IN) The Magi (RM.)
Williams. Tennessee (ALA, CI.C2, C1.13, CLM, Yep, Laurence ((:SBE) CI.P3, CSBE, IN, MA, NAI., Dragomuings (CSBE) NOTE, NEH2) Cat on a Hot Tin Roof(MA) Yourcenar, Marguerite (MA) The Glass Menagerie (CLC2, 01.13, CLP3, CSBE, The Abyss (MA) NEH2) Streetcar Named Desire(CI.C3, IN, NEH2) Zola, Emile (ATBS, H, NAL) Germinal (NAI.) Williams, William Carlos(CSBE, IN, RM.) Nana (ATBS) The Red Wheelbarrow (RI-11.)
Wilson, August (FAG) Periodicals and Encyclopedias Fences (EAC) Available in electronic form in 1989 for sampling from the DIALOG information service. Wolfe, Thomas (ALA, CSBE, IN, NEH2, RFIl. SS, X, YA) A+ Modern Office Technology Look Homeward, Angel(ALA, CSBE, NEH2, SS, X, Aging Modern Photography YA) American Education Money You Can't Go Home (CSBE, IN, SS, X, YA) American Federationist Monthly Labor Review Again American Libraries Motor Trend "Atlantic "Nation Wong, Jade Snow (CSBE) Backpacker National Review Ilth Chinese Daughter(CSBE) Boating Nation's Business Boys' Life Natural History Woodward, C. Vann (Al .A) Business America NEA Today The Strange Career of (Al A) Canadian Business Occupathma,' Outlook Jim Clow Car and Driver Quarterly Changing Times Office Administration Woolf, Virginia (H, IN, NEH2, PP, RI-IL) Children Today and Automation "To the Lighthouse (NEH2) Cold Outdoor Life Mrs. Da lloway (NE.1-12) Computers and Electronics PC A Room of One's Own (PP) Creative Computing PC Week Cycle "People Wordsworth, William (CPI, H, IL, IN, NAEP, NE, Datamation Petersen's Photographic NEH2, PP, RIK) Department of State Playboy Bulletin Popular Photography Wouk, Herman (ALA, BS, CSBE, IN, MA, Dun's Business Month Popular Science NEH2, SS, X) FDA Consumer Research it Development The Caine Mutiny (ALA, BS, CSBE, IN, MA, Flower 6 Garden *Rolling Stone NE112, X) Flying Sales and Marketing The Winds of War (SS) Food & Nutrition Management Forbes Saturday Evening Post Wright, Richard (ALA, CI.C3. (:1.13, C1.10, Fortune Scholastic CSBE, 1 -1, IN, NAEP, NEH2, Golf Magazine Science PP, X) Guns Cr Ammo Scientific American Native Son (ALA, C;SBE, 11, IN, Health Scouting NAEP, NEH2, X) High Fidelity Skiing Black Boy (C1.13, CSBE, 11, IN, NAEP, Hot Rod Skin Diver NEH2, PP, X) Industry Week Smithsonian "Ladies Home Journal *Sports Illustrated Yates, Elizabeth (NEH2) Life Stereo Review Amos Fortune, Free Man (NEI-12) `Periodicals either considered most likely to be ass geed for reading or most likely to he read by student, in the !ugh school to first-year college age gong,.
42 Sunset Workbench DiYanni, Robert. 1986. Literature: Reading Fiction, Po- Technology Review Working Woman etry, Drama, and the Essay. New York: Random Teen World Health House. *Tine World Health Forum UN Chronicte Yachting Florida Department of Education. 1987. Catalogue of State UNESCO Courier Your Public Lands Adopted Instructional Materials,1987-88. Talla- hassee, Fla.: Bureau of Curriculum Services. Available in electronic form in1989 for sampling from NEXIS. Hackett, Burke. 1977. 80 Years of Best Sellers, 1895-1975. New York: R. R. Bowker. Aviation Week & Space Inc. Technology Industry Week Hirsch, E. D., Jr. 1987. Cultural Literacy: What Every *Business Week "Los Angeles Times American Needs to Know. Boston, Mass.: Houghton BYTE Legal Times Mifflin. Chemical Engineering Maclean's Chemical Week "MacNeil /Lehrer News Isidore Newman School. 1980. Books for Reading. New Coal Age Report Orleans, La.: Isidore Newman School. Computertvorld Manchester Guardian Isidore Newman School. 1980. The Greater Newman Congressional Quarterly Marine Engineering Digest Reading List of 100 Books for Reading. New Orleans, *Christian Science Monitor Mechanical Engineering La.: Isidore Newman School. Data Communications Mining Magazine Defense Electronics National Law Journal McDowell, Edwin. 1987. "Why College Classics Stay that Discover "The New York Times Way." The New York Times. Financial Times of Canada Nuclear News Financial World *Newsweek National Assessment of Educational Progress. 1987. The Foreign Affairs Offshore Nation's Report Card: Literature and U.S. History. Forbes Oil Gas Journal Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service. Harvard Business Review Public Relations Journal National Council of Teachers of English. 1985. Books for High Technology *Sports Illustrated You, Ed. D. Gallo. Urbana, Ill.: National Council of Info World *U.S. News 6 World Teachers of English. Interavia Magazine Report International Defense "Washington Post National Endowment for the Humanities. 1984. Famous Review Washington Quarterly Works to Read and Know. Washington, D.C.: Na- tional Endowment for the Humanities. 'Periodicals either considered nom likely to he assigned for reading or most likely to he read by students in the high school to first -year college National Endowment for the Humanities. .Summertime Fa- age group. vorites. Reading list developed by NEH and based on Grolier's Academic /American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM. reading lists used in 60 schools. New England Association of Teachers of English. 1981. Suggested PreCollege Reading, 3rd Edition. Lexington, References for the Codes Mass.: New England Associaton of Teachers of Eng- Adler, Mortimer J. 1984. The Paideia Proposal: An Edu- lish. cational Manifesto. New York: Macmillan. The New York Times. 1987. "Must Reading 1937-87: American Library Association. 1984. Outstanding Books Columbia's Freshman Book List." for the College-Bound. Chicago, Ill.: American Library Association. The New York Times. Featured Writers, June 5, 1988, Applehec, A. N. A Study of Book-Length Works Taught in North Carolina Department of Public Education. 1987. High School English Courses. Albany, N.Y.: Center for North Carolina State Adopted Basic Textbooks, the Learning and Teaching of Literature, State Univer- 1987-88. Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina Department sity of New York. of Public Education. Bennett, William J. 1987. James Madison High School: A Oklahoma State Department of Education. 1987. 1987-88 Curriculum for American Students. Washington, D.C.: Annual Textbook Requisition. Oklahoma City, Okla.: United States Department of Education. Oklahoma State Department of Education. California State Board of Education. 1985. Model Cur- Oregon State Textbook Commission. 1985. Lists of State- riculum Standards, Grades 9-12, First Edition. Sacra- Adopted Basal Textbooks, 1985-86. Salem, Oreg.: mento, Calif.: California State Board of Education. Oregon State Textbook Commission. College Board. 1983 through 1987. Teacher's Guides to Ravitch, Dianne, and Chester E. Finn, Jr. 1987. What Do Advanced Placement Program Courses. New York: Our 17-Year-Olds Know? New York: Harper & Row. College Entrance Examination Board. Texas Education Agency. 1987. Textbooks Current Adop- College Board. 1987. The College Board Guide to the tion, 1987-88. Austin, Tex.: Texas Education Agency. CLEF Examinations. New York: College Entrance Ex- amination Board. CtQ 1.0 43 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Sienko and Plane,Chemistry: Principles and Appendix B: Applications,1979 3,750 Smoot et al.,Chemistry: A Modern Course, 1983 3,750 Materials Sampled for Smoot et al.,Chemistry: A ModernCourse, 1979 3,750 Word Count Waser et al.,ChemOne, 1980 3,750 Chemistry total 37,500 Textbooks English Bell et al.,Building English Skills (Silver),1984 3,750 Art Bradley etal.,The American Tradition in 3,750 Words" Literature,1981 Carlsen et al.,American Literature,1979 3,750 Gardner, Art ThroughtheAges, 1980 3,750 Carlsen and Gilbert,British and Western Janson,A Basic History of Art,1981 3,750 Literature,1979 3,750 Art total 7,500 Clark etal., Language: Structure and Use,1981 3,750 Craig et al., EnglishLiterature,1984 3,750 Biology Foote and Perkins,McDougal, Littell Literature: Blue Level,1984 3,750 Arms and Camp,Biology,1987 3,750 Gerber et al.,Effective English(9), 1982 3,750 Curtis,Biology,1983 .3,750 Granner and Stern,McDougal, Littel Literature: Gottfried et al.,Prentice-Hall Biology,1983 .3,750 Purple Level,1985 3,750 Guttman and Hopkins,Understanding Haider et al.,Effective English (10),1982 3,750 Biology,1983 3,750 Haider et al.,Effective English (11),1982 3,750 Johnson,Biology,1987 3,750 Hollenbeck and Johnson,McDougal, Littel Keeton and Gould,Biological Science,1986 3,750 Literature: Yellow Level,1984 .3,750 Kimball,Biology,1983 3,750 Keach et al.,Adventures in English Literature, Oram et al.,Biology: Living Systems,1983 3,750 1989 3,750 Oram, Biology:Living Systems,1979 3,750 Keach et al.,Adventures in English Literature, Oram, Biology:Living Systems,1976 3,750 1980 3,750 Otto and Towle,Modern Biology,1985 3,750 Kearns et al.,American Literature,1984 3,750 Modern Biology,1977 3,750 Otto and Towle, McCrimmon et al., WritingWith a Purpose, Otto et al.,Modern Biology,1981 3,750 1980 3,000 Slesnick and Scott,Scott, Foresman McDonnell et al.,England in Literature,1985 3,750 Biology,1980 3,750 Miller et al.,England in Literature Biology,1985 3,750 Vince et al., (with Macbeth), 1976 3,750 Weisz and Keogh,Science of Biology,1982 3,750 Miller et al., The United Statesin Literature, Wistreich and Lechtmon,Microbiology,1980 3,7:;0 1985. 3,750 Biology total 63,750 Miller et al., TheUnited States in l.iterature (with I Never Sang for My Father),1982 3,750 Business and Economics Safier etal., Adventures in Appreciation, 1989 3,750 Warriner, Composition:Models and Exercises, Fess and Niswonger,Accounting Principles,1981 3,750 Fifth Course,1982 3,750 McConnell,Economics,1981 .3,750 Warriner,Composition: Models and Exercises, Pyle and Larson,Fundamental Accounting FourthCourse, 1977 3,750 Principles,1981 3,750 Warriner, Composition:Models and Exercises, Samuelson, Economics, 1980 3,750 Third Course,1977 .3,750 Wilson and Clark, Economics, 1984 3,750 Warriner, EnglishGrammar and Composition: Wolken and Clocker,Invitation to CompleteCourse, 1988 3,750 Economics,1982 3,750 Warriner,English Composition and Grammar: Business and economics total 22,500 Complete Course,1977 2,250 Warriner,English Composition and Grammar: Chemistry First Course, 1988 3,750 Worthier,EnglishCompositionand Grammar: General Chemistry,1986 3,750 Brady and Humiston, First Course, 1977 3,750 Brown and Lemay,Chemistry: The Central Worthier, EnglishComposition and Grammar: Science,1985 3,750 Fourth Course,1988 3,750 Dickerson et al.,Chemical Principles,1979 .3,750 Worthier, EnglishComposition and Grammar: Metcalf et al.,Modern Chemistry,1986 3,750 Introductory Course,1988 3,750 Metcalf et al.,Modern Chemistry,1982 3,750 Warriner,English Composition and Grammar: Metcalf ct al.,Modern Chemistry,1978 3,750 Second Course,1988 3,750 Warriner,English Composition and Grammar: `Word Looms in this appendix inin some cases only approximations. ThirdCourse, 1988 3,750
44 Warriner, English Grammar and Composition: Hitchner and Levine, Comparative Government Fifth Course, 1977 .3,750 and Politics, 1981 3,750 Warriner and Graham, English Grammar and Janda et al., Challenge of Democracy, 1987 3,750 Composition: First Course, 1982 3,750 Katznelson and Kesselman, Politics of Power, Warriner, English Grammar and Composition, 1987 3,750 Fourth Course, 1982 3,750 Kelly et al., American Constitution, 1983 3,750 Warriner and Griffith, English Grammar and Kraemer et al., American Democracy, 1978 3,750 Composition, Fourth Course, 1977 3,750 Lewinski, American Government Today 3,750 Warriner, English Grammar and Composition, Lineberry, Government in America, 1986 3,750 Second Course, 1982 .3,000 Lineberry, Government in America, 1983 3,750 Warriner and Graham, English Grammar and Levine and Cornwell, Introduction to American Composition, Second Course, 1977 .3,000 Government, 1983 3,750 Warriner, English Grammar and Composition, Lorch, State and Local Politics, 1986 .3,750 Third Course, 1982 3,000 Macridis, Modern Political Regimes, 1986 3,750 Warriner et al., English Grammar and Macridis, Modern Political Systems: Europe, Composition, Third Course, 1977 3,750 1987 3,750 Writing Improvement Project Staff, McDougal, McClenaghan, Magruder's American Littel and Co., Building English Skills Government, 1987 3,750 (Orange), 1977 3,000 Moore and Roberts, Pursuit of Happiness, 1985 3,750 Writing Improvement Project Staff, McDougal, Parenti, Democracy for the Few, 1983 3,750 Littel and Co., Building English Skills (Purple), Patterson et al., More Perfect Union, 1985 3,750 1981 3,750 Prewitt et al., Introduction to American Writing Improvement Project Staff, McDougal, Government, 1987 3,750 Littel and Co., Building English Skills (Purple), Ruskin, Countries and Concepts, 1986 3,750 1977 3,750 Roth and Wilson, Comparative Study of Writing Improvement Project Staff, McDougal, Politics, 1980 3,750 Littel and Co., Building English Skills (Red), Schuman and Waterman, Preface to Politics, 1978 3,750 1986 3,750 Writing Improvement Project Staff, McDougal, Skidmore and Tripp, American Government, Litre', and Co., Building English Skills 1985 3,750 (Yellow), 1981 3,750 Wasserman, Basics of American Politics, 1985 3,750 English total 163,500 Weissberg, Understanding American Government, 1986 3,750 Government Wilson, American Government: Institutions turd Policies, 1986 3,750 Aldrich et al., American Government, 1986 3,750 Wilson, American Government: Institutions and Almond and Powell, Comparative Politics Policies, 1983 3,750 Today, 1984 3,750 Wolfinger et al., Dynamics of American Politics, Andrain, Foundations of Comparative Politics, 1980 3,750 198.3 3,750 Government total 180,000 Burns, Government by the People, 1987 3,750 Cummings and Wise, Democracy Under History Pressure, 1985 3,750 Cummings and Wise, Democracy Under Ahlquist et al., United States History, 1984 3,750 Pressure, 1981 .3,750 Bailey and Kennedy, American Pageant, 1983 3,750 Curtis, Comparative Government and Bailey and Kennedy, American Pageant, 1979 3,750 Politics, 1978 3,750 Bailyn et al., Great Republic, 2nd Ed., 1981 3,750 Curtis, Introduction to Comparative Beers, World History: Patterns of Civilization, Government, 1985 3,750 1983 3,750 Dahl, Democracy in the United States, 1981 3,750 Berkin and Wood, Land of Promise: A History Dawson, American Government, 1987 3,750 of the United States to 1877, 1983 3,750 Deutsch et al., Comparative Government, 1981 3,750 Berkin and Wood, l.and of Promise: A History Dolbeare and Edelman, American Politics, 1985 3,750 of the United States from 1865, 1983 3,75(1 Dunn, American Democracy Debated, 1982 3,750 Berkin and Wood, land of Promise: A History Dye and Zeigler, Irony of Democracy, 1987 3,750 of the United States, 1983 3,750 Dye and Zeigler, Irony of Democracy, 1984 3,750 Blum et al., National Experience, Part One: Edwards, American Political Experience, 1985 3,750 A History of the United States to 1877, 1981 3,750 Eisinger et al., American Politics, 1982 3,750 Blum et al., National Experience, Part One: Greenberg, American Political Systems, 1986 3,750 A History of the United States, 1985 3,750 Hagopian, Regimes, Movements, and Ideologies, Current et al., American History, 1987 3,750 1984 3,750 Current et al., American History, 1983 3,750 Hamilton, American Government, 1982 3,750 Current et al., American History, 1979 3,750 Harris, America's Democracy, 1986 3,750 Davidson and Lytle, The United States: Hinkley, Outline of American Government, A History of the Republic, 1984 .3,750 1981 3,750
45 Davidson and Lytle, The United States: Kasschan, Psychology: Exploring Behavior, A History of the Republic, 1981 3,750 1980 3,750 Deg ler, Out of Our Past: Forces that Shaped I.evine, Understanding Psychology, 1977 3,750 Modern America, 1984 3,000 Ragland and Saxon, Invitation to Psychology, Franklin, From Slavery to Freedom, 1980 3,750 1981 3,750 Garraty and McCaughey, American Nation: Zimbardo, Psychology and Life (Tenth Edition), A History of the United States, 1987 3,750 1979 3,750 Grachner et al., History of the American People, Psychology total 26,250 1975 Graff, America: The Glorious Republic, 1985 3,750 Science Kownslar and Smart, People and Our World, 1981 3,750 Appenhrink et al., Prentice-Hall Physical Kownslar and Smart, People and Our World, Science, 1984 3,750 1977 3,750 Appenbrink et al., Prentice-Hall Physical Mazour et al., People and Nations: A World Science, 1981 .3,750 History, 1983 3,750 Cornett and Gratz, Modern Human Physiology, Norton et al., People and a Nation, 1986 3,750 1987 3,750 Norton et al., People and a Nation, 1982 3,750 Heimler and Price, Focus on Physical Science, Palmer and Colton, History of the Modern 1981 3,750 World, 1978 3,750 Heimler and Price, Focus on Physical Science, Patterson, America in the Twentieth Century, 1977 3,750 1983 3,750 Matthews et al., Investigating the Earth, 1984 3,750 Reich et al., World History: A Basic Approach, Matthews et al., Investigating the Earth, 1978 3,750 1984 3,750 Namowitz, Earth Science, 1981 3,750 Sellers et al., Synopsis of American History, Namowitz and Spaulding, Earth Science: The 1985 3,750 World We Live In, 1985 3,750 Todd and Curti, Rise of the American Nation, Ramsey et al., Holt Physical Science, 1986 3,750 1982 3,750 Ramsey et al., Holt Physical Science, 1982 3,750 Todd and Curti, Rise of the American Nation, Ramsey et al., Holt Physical Science, 1978 3,750 1977 3,750 Science total 45,000 Todd and Curti, Rise of the American Nation, Volume 2: 1865 to the Present, 1977 .3,751) Wallbank et al., Civilization: Past and Present, 1978 3,750 Other Books Wallbank et al., History and Life, 1982 3,750 Wallhank et al., History and Life, 1980 3,750 Words History total 126,750 Anonymous: The Bible 791,336
Physics James Agee: Halliday and Resnick, Physics: Parts 1 and 2, A Death in the Family 3,968 1978 3,750 Miller, College Physics, 1982 3,750 Louisa May Alcott: Murphy and Smoot, Physics: Principles and Little Women 4,195 Problems, 1982 3,750 Murphy and Smoot, Physics: Principles and Maya Angelou: Problems, 1977 .3,750 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings 3,474 Sears et al., University Physics, 1982 3,750 Scars et al., University Physics, 1980 3,750 Isaac Asimov: Tipler, Physics, 1982 3,750 Fantastic Voyage 2,372 Williams, Modern Physics, 1984 3,750 Williams, Modern Physics, 1980 3,750 Jane Austen: Williams, Modern Physics, 1976 3,750 Pride and Prejudice 122,985 Physics total 37,500 James Baldwin: Go Tell It on the Mountain 3,506 Psychology Atkinson et al., Introduction to Psychology, Samuel Beckett: 1983 3,750 Waiting for Godot 22,456 Biehler and Snowman, Psychology Applied to Teaching 3,750 Thomas Berger: Hilgard et al., Introduction to Psychology, 1975 3,751) Little Big Man 4,581
46 William Blake: Charles Dickens: Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience 5,413 A Christmas Carol 28,506 A Tale of Two Cities 4,110 Ray Bradbury: Great Expectations 185,222 Fahrenheit 4.51 2,440
I Joan Didion: Jacob Bronowski: A Book of Common Prayer 3,100 The Ascent of Man 4,546 John Donne: Charlotte Bronte: Songs and Sonnets (part) 76,764 Jane Eyre 8,967 Fyodor Dostoyevski: Emily Bronte: Crime and Punishment 4,890 Wuthering Heights 5,340 Frederick Douglass: Dee Brown: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass 4,089 Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee 4,419 A. Conan Doyle: Pearl S. Buck: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes 3,750 The Good Earth 4,298 Theodore Dreiscr: Lewis Carroll: An American Tragedy 4,072 Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 57,292 W. E. B. DuBois: Willa Gather: The Souls of Black Folk 3,573 The Professor's House 60,630 Daphne Du Maurier: Miguel de Cervantes: Rebecca 154,902 Don Quixote 4,422 George Eliot: Agatha Christie: Silas Maner 70,843 Murder on the Orient Express 2,515 Middlemarch 318,004 i Susan Clinton: Ralph Ellison: The Story of Susan B. Anthony 750 Invisible Man 4,062
Samuel 'I. Coleridge: Ralph Waldo Emerson: Poetical Works 94,080 The Conduct of Life, Essays and Lectures 67,61.3 Nature, Essays and Lectures 79,794 Joseph Conrad: English Traits 64,810 Lord Jim 137,367 Representative Men 58,207 Essays, First Series 74,418 James Fenimore Cooper: Essays, Second Series 58,625 The Last of the Mohicans 3,895 Uncollected Prose, Essays, and Lectures 59,139 The Pioneers 4,657 William Faulkner: Bill Cosby: Intruder in the Dust 75,908 Fatherhood 2,721 The Sound and the Fury 96,584
Stephen Crane: Henry Fielding: The Red Badge of Courage 3,74.3 The Adventures of Joseph Andrews 129,065
Eve Curie: F. Scott Fitzgerald: Madame Curie 5,394 The Great Gatsby 48,924
Daniel Defoe: Gustav Flaubert: Robinson Crusoe 122,608 Madame Bovary 3,472 Moll Flanders 135,655 Frederick Forsyth: Don Delillo: The Day of the Jackal 5,544 Ratner's Star 3,330 Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl 3,457
47 Benjamin Franklin: Thor 1- leyerdahl: Autobiography 66,260 Kon-Tiki 4,587 Poor Richard's Almanac 37,704 Philadelphia Writings, 1785 1790 24,611 Homer: Philadelphia Writings, 1726-1757 151,190 The Odyssey 3,000 London Writings, 1757-1775 150,094 Pa ris Writings, 1776-1785 71,937 A. E. Housman: Boston and London Writings, 1722-1726 24,690 A Shropshire Lad .3,994
Robert. Frost: Langston Hughes: Selected Verse 64,734 The Best of Simple 2,598
Ernest Gaines: Aldous Huxley: The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman 4,056 Brave New World 3,862
William Golding: Henrik Ibsen: Lord of the Hies 4,044 A Doll's House 3,148
Matthew Grant: 1 lenry Janies: Clara Barton: Red Cross Pioneer 602 The Portrait of a Lady 4,072 Essays on Literature 69,887 'rhomas Gray: English Writers 275,037 Complete Poems 7,503 American Writers 200,079
Hannah Green: James Joyce: 1 Never Promised You a Rose Garden 4,045 Dubliners 66,084 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 94,147 John 11. Griffin: Black like Me 2,479 John Keats: Poetical Works 113,55.1 Alex Haley: Roots 5,090 Ken Kesey: One Hew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 4,128 Lorraine I lansberry: 4,188 A Raisin in the Sun Martin Luther King: Stride *1'(ut,ard Freethon 64,043 'Thomas Hardy: Far From the Madding Crowd 138,006 John Knowles: Tess of the D'Urbervilles 150,538 A Separate Peace 2,459
James I- laskins: Arthur Koestler: Tin' Life and Death of Martin Luther King, Jr. 2,355 Darkness at Noon 2,846
Nathaniel Ilawthorne: John Le Caere: banshatve 41,416 The Spy Who Came in from the Cold 65,517 The Blithedale Romance 77,957 The House of the Seven Gables 105,170 larper Lee: The Marble Faun 142,335 To Kill a Mockingbird 4,179 The Scarlet Letter 85,058 Short Stories 41,348 Sinclair Lewis: Babbitt .3,999 Joseph 1leller: Catch 22 4,503 Bill Libby: The Reggie Jackson Story 3,909 Ernest Hemingway: A Farewell to Arms 4,028 Jack London: For Whom the Bell Tolls 4,027 The Call of the Wild 32,091 The Old Man and the Sea 2,673 The Sea-Wolf 106,939 The Sun Also Rises .3,992 White Fang 72,477 Selected Short Stories 84,072 Hermann Hesse: Klondike Short Stories 74,534 Stepper/1mi/ 72,395 Bernard Malamud: The Assistant 81,929
48 NIalcolm X: Antoine de Saint-F.xupery: The Autobiography of Malcom X 4,005 The little Prince 1,599
Katherine Mansfield: J. D. Salinger: Selected short stories 50,955 The Catcher in the Rye 3,994
W, Somerset Slaughain: William Shakespeare: 0/ I Inman Bondage 4,086 Tragedies: 156,054 Antimy and CE,(Tatra Carson McCullers: Curio/antis The 11cart Is a Lonely I touter 3,551 liantlet Julius Caesar Margaret Stead: King Lear Coming ofAge in Samoa 4,478 The life of Dun, of Athens Macbeth Herman Melville: Othello Alohy-Diek 178,016 Romeo and luhet AMidsummer Night's Dream 17,752 James Nlichener: Henry IV 57,558 Centennial 4,841 Star>. Shelley: Arthur Stiller: Frankenstein 4,514 The Crucible 2,743 Janice Simpson: John Milton: Andrew Young: A Matter of Choice 815 Paradise Lost 79,933 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: NtargaretMitchell: One Day in the Life of Ivan Demsovich 2,458 Gone With the Wind 7,916 John Steinbeck: Toni Morrison: OfMice andAlen 2,374 loved 6,568 TheGrapesof Wrath 4,483
Marsha Norman: Robert Louis Stevenson: 'Night,Mother 2,423 Treasure Island 4,998
Karen O'Connor: (tram Stoker: Sally Ride and the Nett' Astronauts 1,807 1)racula -1,119
Flannery O'Connor: 1 larrict Beecher Stowe: Wise Blood 5,1,17 Uncle ''nut's Cabin 4,150
nimuska Orcz, Baroness Jonathan Swift: The Scarlet Pimpernel 4,608 Gullirer's 'Travels and Other Writings 4,2Th
George Orwell: Fleury David Thoreau: Anuna/ Farm 2,385 Walden 10'8,271 The Maine Woods 103,230 Alan Paton: Cape Cod 78,048 Cry,the l'ieloyed Country 4,10- A Weekon the Concord and Air/Tin/act; I 16,6 IS Sylvia Pla'h: Re//f.tr '4,666 J.It. It.Tolkien: lte I lobbit 5,059 Edgar Allan Poe: TheI:cigar Allan Poe Reader 3,190 Leo Toktoy: Wia:. of Filgar Allan Poe 4,424 %Val'and Peace 4,61)
Richard Rc.iriguez: Elizabeth Trevino: I lunge:. of .lemry: 1ducation of /,Juan de Pawl,' i,439 Richard .00drigue: 4,055 Ivan urgenev: Fathers and Sims 2.I
49 111111011111114N1111=isseNrorimr.e. Mark Twain: Historical Documents The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 113,721 Life on the Mississippi 149,614 The Constitution of the United States 9,108 Pudd'nhead Wilson 53,549 2,217 The Declaration of Independence 1,346 The Prince and the Pauper 385,602 the Adventures of Tom Sawyer 72,334 The Constitution Papers: The Magna Carta, 1215 The Mayflower Compact, 1620 Jules Verne: Around the World in Eighty Days 4,090 The Petition of Right, 1628 Twenty Thousand leagues Under the Sea 1,832 The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1638 The English Bill of Rights, 1689 Penn's Plan of Union, 1697 Voltaire: 2,250 The Albany Plan of Union, 1754 Candide Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress, 1774 Alice Walker: Thoughts on Government, John Adams, 1776 The Color Purple 3,616 Common Sense, by Thomas Paine, 1776 Constitution of Virginia, 1776 Robert Penn Warren: Constitution of New Jersey, 1776 All the King's Men 4,828 Constitution of Maryland, 1776 James D. Watson: Constitution of North Carolina, 1776 The Double Helix 2,697 The Articles of Confederation, 1777 Constitution of Massachusetts, 1780 Virgina Statute of Religious Liberty, 1786 Evelyn Waugh: Brideshead Revisited 4,424 The Virginia or Randolph Plan, 1787 The Pinckney Plan, 1787 The Paterson or New Jersey Plan, 1787 H. G. Wells The War of the Worlds 4,235 Hamilton's Plan of Union, 1787 Letters of a Federal Farmer Edith Wharton: by Richard Henry I.ce, 1787 The Federalist Papers, by Hamilton, Madison, Ethan Frunze 2,527 and Jay, 1787 Walt Whitman: Objections to the Federal Constitution, 1787 The Address and Reasons of Dissent of the Minority Leaves of Grass, 1855 39,927 of the Convention of the State of Pennsylvania Leaves of Grass, 1891 131,890 Complete Prose Works 232,497 to Their Constituents, 1787 Supplementary Prose 13,207 Washington's First Inaugural Address, 1789 The Judiciary Act of 1789 Oscar Wilde: Constitution of New Hampshire, 1792 The Picture of Dorian Gray 4,038 "Property," by James Madison, 1792 Washington's Farewell Address, 1796 Thornton Wilder: Constitution of Georgia, 1798 Our Town 2,133 Jefferson's First Inaugural Address, 18(11 Constitution of Connecticut, 1818 Thomas Wolfe: Constitution of New York, 1021 Look Homeward, Angel 4,473 The Monroe Doctrine, 1831 Constitution of Delaware, 1831 Virginia Woolf: Constitution of Pennsylvania, 1838 64,029 Constitution of Rhode Island, 1842 Mrs. Da !Iowa), 396,056 To the Lighthouse 68,656 'al
William Wordsworth: Lyrical Ballads 16,402 Periodicals Words Herman Wouk: Atlantic 244,821 The Caine Mutiny 3,987 Christian Science Monitor 50,692 Los Angeles 'Fumes 51,142 Richard Wright: Ladies Home Journal 188,434 Black Boy 4,041 MacNeil/Lehrer News Report 55,550 Native Son 4,575 Nation 177,399 National Review 222,530 William Butler Yeats: Complete poems 83,001 0J 50 New Republic 191.6.51 New York Times 57,879 Newsweek 64,445 People Magazine 184,217 Sports Illustrated 235,942 Time 225,391 U.S. News & World Report 60,205 Washington Post 45,844 Total 2,056,142
Encyclopedia Text
Words Art and Architecture 96,788 Biography 181,068 Business, Economics, and Agriculture 154,643 Computers and Mathematics 71,298 Geography 329,518 Government, Law, and Military 242,017 History 367,083 Literary Commentary and Language 2.03,162 Medicine and Health 185,672 Music and Theater 70,704 Natural Science 517,393 Religion, Philosophy, and Mythology 182,917 Social Science and Education 2.17,107 Sports and Games 19,654 Total 2,839,024
51